Relevant bibliographies by topics / Directional mapping

Academic literature on the topic 'Directional mapping'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Directional mapping"

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Deno, D. Curtis, Abhishek Bhaskaran, Dennis J. Morgan, Fikri Goksu, Katherine Batman, Gregory K. Olson, Karl Magtibay, et al. "High-resolution, live, directional mapping." Heart Rhythm 17, no. 9 (September 2020): 1621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.04.039.

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Huang, Chung-Lin, and Kou-Chang Chen. "Directional Moving Averaging Interpolation for Texture Mapping." Graphical Models and Image Processing 58, no. 4 (July 1996): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0025.

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Green, Danielle J., Alison Harris, Aleena Young, and Catherine L. Reed. "Embodied valuation: Directional action is associated with item values." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 8 (January 1, 2018): 1734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1360370.

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We have a lifetime of experience interacting with objects we value. Although many economic theories represent valuation as a purely cognitive process independent of the sensorimotor system, embodied cognitive theory suggests that our memories for items’ value should be linked to actions we use to obtain them. Here, we investigated whether the value of real items was associated with specific directional movements toward or away from the body. Participants priced a set of food items to determine their values; they then used directional actions to classify each item as high- or low-value. To determine if value is linked to specific action mappings, movements were referenced either with respect to the object (push toward high-value items; pull away from low-value items) or the self (pull high-value items toward self; push low-value items away). Participants who were assigned (Experiment 1) or chose (Experiment 2) to use an object-referenced action mapping were faster than those using a self-referenced mapping. A control experiment (Experiment 3) using left/right movements found no such difference when action mappings were not toward/away from the body. These results indicate that directional actions toward items are associated with the representation of their value, suggesting an embodied component to economic choice.
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Tu, Chen-Hsuan, and Tzai-Hung Wen. "Mapping Anisotropic Landscape for Understanding Underlying Spatial Structure of Air Pollution." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-373-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban air pollution problem has become a huge threat to human health in the most developing and developed countries. Therefore, monitoring air quality with high spatial and temporal resolutions is an important issue. There are two different approaches to mapping street-level distributions of air quality in time and space. One is mathematical approach, which uses numerical methods to calculate the concentration of air pollutants in each space-time grid through considering chemical transport, wind field, terrain morphology and other parameters which affect the direction and intensity of dispersion. This approach is limited by intensively computational process, so most of studies used either rough spatial grid resolution for representing large-scale regions or detailed grid resolution for small-scale areas. Numerical models with rough grid resolution could not capture detailed physical interactions in the micro-environment. The other approach is statistical approach, which used spatial interpolation techniques, such as inverse distance weighting (IDW) and Kriging methods, or established regression models, such as land-use regression (LUR), for deriving concentrations of air pollution from remote sensing or ground-level station sensor data. This approach is assumed linear associations with environmental factors and isotropic distance-decayed phenomena, which also ignores complex physical interactions.</p><p>Spatial distribution of air pollution could be affected by directional background factors, such as wind fields, surface relief and so on. The spatial effects of these physical factors are not isotropic. However, recent studies used statistical modelling approaches are based on isotropic assumptions and did not consider directional variations of these factors on air quality. The purpose of the study is to develop an innovative statistical approach to measure directional effects on air quality with spatial heterogeneity. We produces anisotropic landscapes of directional fields for identifying major directions for each space-time grid through EPA’s monitoring station data to visualize space-time trend of air quality changing with directions. This study provides significant insight for understanding spatial structures behind air pollution distributions influenced by directional physical factors.</p>
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Staehle, Felix, Bernd A. Jung, Simon Bauer, Jochen Leupold, Jelena Bock, Ramona Lorenz, Daniela Föll, and Michael Markl. "Three-directional acceleration phase mapping of myocardial function." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 65, no. 5 (January 19, 2011): 1335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.22744.

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Pitt, Benjamin, Stephen Ferrigno, Jessica F. Cantlon, Daniel Casasanto, Edward Gibson, and Steven T. Piantadosi. "Spatial concepts of number, size, and time in an indigenous culture." Science Advances 7, no. 33 (August 2021): eabg4141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg4141.

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In industrialized groups, adults implicitly map numbers, time, and size onto space according to cultural practices like reading and counting (e.g., from left to right). Here, we tested the mental mappings of the Tsimane’, an indigenous population with few such cultural practices. Tsimane’ adults spatially arranged number, size, and time stimuli according to their relative magnitudes but showed no directional bias for any domain on any spatial axis; different mappings went in different directions, even in the same participant. These findings challenge claims that people have an innate left-to-right mapping of numbers and that these mappings arise from a domain-general magnitude system. Rather, the direction-specific mappings found in industrialized cultures may originate from direction-agnostic mappings that reflect the correlational structure of the natural world.
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Eichkitz, Christoph Georg, Marcellus Gregor Schreilechner, Paul de Groot, and Johannes Amtmann. "Mapping directional variations in seismic character using gray-level co-occurrence matrix-based attributes." Interpretation 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): T13—T23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0099.1.

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Texture attributes describe the spatial arrangement of neighboring amplitudes values within a given analysis window. We chose a statistical texture classification method, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and its derived attributes, to produce a semiautomated description of the spatial arrangement of seismic facies. The GLCM is a measure of how often different combinations of neighboring pixel values occur. We tested the application of directional GLCM-based attributes for the detection of seismic variability within paleoriver features. Calculation of 3D GLCM-based attributes can be done in 13 space directions. The results of GLCM-based attribute calculation differed depending on the chosen GLCM parameters (number of gray levels, analysis window, and direction of calculation). We specifically focused on how the direction of calculation influenced the computation of attributes, while keeping other parameters constant. We first tested the workflow on a 2D training image and later ran on a real seismic amplitude volume from the Vienna Basin. Based on the GLCM-based attributes, we could map the channel features and extract them as geobodies. Additionally, we generated a new set of directional GLCM-based attributes to detect spatial changes in the seismic facies. By comparing these directional attributes, we could determine areas within the channel features having higher directional variability. Areas with higher tendency to directional variations might be associated with changes in lithology, seismic facies, or with seismic anisotropy.
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Xiao, Yiqi, Ke Miao, and Chenhan Jiang. "Mapping Directional Mid-Air Unistroke Gestures to Interaction Commands: A User Elicitation and Evaluation Study." Symmetry 13, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101926.

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A stroke is the basic limb movement that both humans and animals naturally and repetitiously perform. Having been introduced into gestural interaction, mid-air stroke gestures saw a wide application range and quite intuitive use. In this paper, we present an approach for building command-to-gesture mapping that exploits the semantic association between interactive commands and the directions of mid-air unistroke gestures. Directional unistroke gestures make use of the symmetry of the semantics of commands, which makes a more systematic gesture set for users’ cognition and reduces the number of gestures users need to learn. However, the learnability of the directional unistroke gestures is varying with different commands. Through a user elicitation study, a gesture set containing eight directional mid-air unistroke gestures was selected by subjective ratings of the direction in respect to its association degree with the corresponding command. We evaluated this gesture set in a following study to investigate the learnability issue, and the directional mid-air unistroke gestures and user-preferred freehand gestures were compared. Our findings can offer preliminary evidence that “return”, “save”, “turn-off” and “mute” are the interaction commands more applicable to using directional mid-air unistrokes, which may have implication for the design of mid-air gestures in human–computer interaction.
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BERAN, ZDENĚK, and SERGEJ ČELIKOVSKÝ. "CHAOS ON HYPERSPACE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 23, no. 05 (May 2013): 1350084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127413500843.

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In this paper, the chaotic behavior of a set-valued mapping F : X → 2X, where X is a compact space, is investigated. The existence of the generalized shadowing property in the hyperspace 2X is proved. Based on the generalized shadowing property of the set-valued mappings F and the assumption of the existence of an unstable chain recurrent point of the mapping F, it is shown that the Bernoulli system of bi-directional shifts is embedded in the sense of semiconjugacy into the image of mapping F, i.e. Smale's chaos in the set-valued system F is thereby proved.
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Petitcolin, F., F. Nerry, and M. P. Stoll. "Mapping directional emissivity at 3.7 μ m using a simple model of bi-directional reflectivity." International Journal of Remote Sensing 23, no. 17 (January 2002): 3443–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160110075569.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Directional mapping"

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Williams, William Benjamin. "Source apportionment and dispersion mapping of fugitive dust using directional passive monitors." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/source-apportionment-and-dispersion-mapping-of-fugitive-dust-using-directional-passive-monitors(0f3e3b09-c4b9-4e26-b667-7ab2271f7a1e).html.

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This study combines passive directional dust monitoring methods with ICP-MS analysis, binary mixing modelling and geostatistical modelling to generate dust dispersion maps, enabling a record of Air Pollution Control residue (APC) dust dispersion on and around a hazardous waste landfill site for a complete calendar year. This is therefore, the first study of nuisance dust dispersion on such a scale, using these methods, and the first time these methods have been used in conjunction to accurately visualise dust dispersion data over time. The proportion of APC in fugitive dust at and around the Wingmoor Farm hazardous waste landfill site near Bishop’s Cleeve, Gloucestershire, UK, was quantified and mapped using passive directional samplers, which were deployed both on the site and in farmland to the north and north-east. Samples from 19 monitors, collected fortnightly over the year, were analysed for Absolute Area Coverage (AAC) and Effective Area Coverage (EAC) prior to HF and HNO3 digestion and analysis by ICP-MS. Following geochemical characterisation of the two key “end-members”, background soils (sand and gravel, and clay) and APC, Ca/Fe and Mn/Pb mixing models were developed providing a means of determining the proportion of APC in each sample. Sample proportions derived from each mixing model were mapped using both variograms and kriging, supported through ISATISTM, to build a model of both general dust and APC dispersion over a square kilometre for the year. Meteorological conditions and movements on site were also recorded and their relationships with dust levels in the surrounding area analysed. APC was found at off-site monitoring locations throughout the year, however at far lower levels than previously assumed by prior modelling exercises. The maps presented a visualisation of dust dispersion on- and off-site, demonstrating the viability of this methodology for modelling both fugitive general dust, and, in this case, APC. In combination with the other data collected on-site, factors affecting the dispersion of both general dust and APC were identified. The development of this modelling and mapping method provides a novel, robust and cost-effective technique for both representing and understanding the dispersion of APC, delivering a useful tool for practical application by industry, local government and in the field of Environmental Forensics.
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Toivainen, T. (Tuomas). "Genetic consequences of directional selection in Arabidopsis lyrata." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206905.

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Abstract Plants and animals colonized Northern Europe after the last Ice Age from different refugia, not covered by the ice sheet. Many plants, such as the northern rock cress (Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea) adapted to the short growing season in the North. We thus expect that colonization of the new environment was accompanied by directional selection for traits conferring this adaptation. In this thesis I studied whether recent directional selection can be detected in two important genes, PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) and FLOWERING LOCUS C1 (FLC1), related to the flowering time pathway. To detect directional selection, I compared DNA sequence variation from the samples of a southern (Plech, Germany) and a northern (Spiterstulen, Norway) population. I also studied the current response potential to changing conditions in the marginal Spiterstulen population. Adaptation potential was characterized by assessing plasticity and amount of additive genetic variation, focusing on flowering traits. In addition, associations of 21 flowering time candidate genes for phenological and fitness traits were studied. There were several lines of evidence for recent directional selection in both candidate genes, PHYA and FLC1, in the northern Spiterstulen population Variation was strongly reduced around both genes and in addition they were highly differentiated between populations. In the Spiterstulen population there was a remarkable reduction in additive genetic variation for flowering traits, for instance when compared with morphological traits. On the other hand, phenological traits showed high plasticity. Some of the photoperiodic pathway genes showed association to flowering or reproductive fitness. The results suggest that directional selection during the colonization of the northern areas has impacted the two studied genes. Genetic changes were likely involved in altered photoperiodic and vernalization responses which might be adaptive for a short growing season. Further, directional selection was probably responsible for reducing additive genetic variation in flowering traits. Because there was only little genetic variation, adaptation to future environmental change of the marginal Spiterstulen population is likely to rely largely on plastic reactions to environmental signals, or tracking the environment by dispersal
Tiivistelmä Kasvit ja eläimet levittäytyivät Pohjois-Eurooppaan viimeisen jääkauden jälkeen mannerjäätikön ulkopuolella jääneistä refugioista. Useat kasvit, kuten idänpitkäpalko (Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea) sopeutuivat pohjoisen lyhyeen kasvukauteen. On syytä olettaa, että suuntaava valinta vaikutti sopeutumisessa tärkeisiin ominaisuuksiin. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkin voidaanko suuntaavan valinnan aiheuttamia jalanjälkiä löytää kahdesta tärkeästä kukkimisaikageenistä, FYTOKROMI A (PHYA) ja FLOWERING LOCUS C1 (FLC1) geeneistä. Tätä varten vertasin DNA sekvenssimuuntelua pohjoisessa (Norja) ja eteläisessä (Saksa) populaatiossa, kiinnittäen erityisesti huomiota geneettisen muuntelun määrään ja erilaistumiseen. Lisäksi tutkin miten Spiterstulenin reunapopulaatio voi vastata tulevaisuudessa muuttuvaan ympäristöön. Sopeutumispotentiaalia arvioitiin sekä fenotyyppisen plastisuuden että additiivisen geneettisen muuntelun määrällä. Lisäksi tutkin miten vaihtelu 21 kukkimisaikageenissä liittyy fenologisiin ja kelpoisuusominaisuuksiin. Useat merkit viittasivat siihen, että suuntaava valinta oli vaikuttanut kummassakin tutkitussa geenissä. Muuntelu oli vähentynyt voimakkaasti kumpaakin geeniä ympäröiviltä kromosomialueilta, jotka olivat myös selkeästi erilaistuneet. Additiivinen geneettinen muuntelu oli selvästi vähentynyt kukkimisominaisuuksissa verrattuna morfologisiin ominaisuuksiin, mahdollisesti suuntaavan valinnan johdosta. Kukkimisominaisuudet olivat kuitenkin plastisia. Jotkin valojaksoreitin geenit vaikuttivat sekä kukkimiseen että lisääntymiskykyyn. Nämä tulokset osoittavat että suuntaava valinta vaikutti kahteen tutkittuun geeniin pohjoiseen levittäytymisen aikana. Geneettiset muutokset liittyivät todennäköisesti muuttuneisiin valojakso-, ja vernalisaatiovasteisiin, jotka saattoivat edistää sopeutumista lyhyeen kasvukauteen. Koska geneettistä muuntelua oli vain hyvin vähän, fenotyyppisellä plastisuudella on todennäköisesti tärkeä rooli sopeutumisessa muuttuvaan ympäristöön Spiterstulenin reunapopulaatiossa
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Margaronis, Zannis N. P. "The significance of mapping data sets when considering commodity time series and their use in algorithmically-traded portfolios." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12575.

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Many econometric analyses of commodity futures over the years have been performed using spot or front month contract prices. Using such daily prices without the consideration of the associated contract traded volumes is slightly erroneous because, in reality, traders will typically trade the ‘most liquid’ contract, that is, the contract with the largest average daily volume (ADV). The reason for this is in order to gain the best price when buying or selling. If this ‘true’ time series is to be considered, a mapping procedure is required to account for the price jumps at the time when a trader trades out of the expiring contract and enters the new front month contract. A key finding was that this effect was significant, irrespective of the size of the price jump, sometimes referred to as basis or roll and also due to the accumulated roll over a number of years corresponding to multiple contracts. It was also found that the mapping procedure has a significant effect on the time series and should hence always be employed if the realistic traded time series is to be considered. Given this phenomenon, algorithmically-traded commodities futures must necessarily employ such time series when creating metrics or considering an econometric analysis. The key findings include the importance of diversification in algorithmically-traded portfolios, utilising the AOM and PSI metrics. The mapping of data sets to create realistic ‘live-traded’ time series was found to be significant, while the optimal day of roll over prior to contract expiry was found to be related to the trading volumes for certain commodities. Other key findings include the causalities and spillovers within the metals sector where various relationships are evident once the results were processed and analysed, both pre and post mapping. Interestingly, the key relationships including bidirectional volatility and shock spillovers between the four key metals existed when the unmapped data was used however, many of the feedbacks within these relationships was lost when the mapped data sets were considered. A significant finding was therefore the consistent differences in findings between mapped and unmapped data sets attributed to the optimisation or favourability of the models (whether econometric or algorithmic). This is due to the unmapped data including roll or basis (which the models are fitted to) taking into account the roll or basis and utilising them in finding relationships between data sets. In the mapped data set (the time series seen by traders) the roll or basis is accounted for and hence the relationships found stand in real-time trading situations. The differences in the results show how the effect of mapping can be significant with unmapped data sets displaying results which will not exist in a real time traded time series.
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Erdem, Mehmet Erkut. "Image-based Extraction Of Material Reflectance Properties Of A 3d Object." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1128784/index.pdf.

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In this study, an appearance reconstruction method based on extraction of material re&
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ectance properties of a three-dimensional (3D) object from its twodimensional (2D) images is explained. One of the main advantages of this system is that the reconstructed object can be rendered in real-time with photorealistic quality in varying illumination conditions. Bidirectional Re&
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ectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs) are used in representing the re&
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ectance of the object. The re&
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ectance of the object is decomposed into di&
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use and specular components and each component is estimated seperately. While estimating the di&
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use components, illumination-invariant images of the object are computed from the input images, and a global texture of the object is extracted from these images by using surface particles. The specular re&
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ectance data are collected from the residual images obtained by taking di&
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erence between the input images and corresponding illumination-invariant images, and a Lafortune BRDF model is &
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use and specular components are blended into each other to achieve a photorealistic appearance of the reconstructed object.
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Lázna, Tomáš. "Autonomní robotické měření záření gama." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316267.

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Tato práce se zaměřuje na autonomní lokalizaci radiologických zdrojů v definované oblasti zájmu. Jejím cílem je vyvinout lokalizační strategie a platformu, na které je bude možné vyzkoušet. Platforma je sestavena z průzkumného robotu Orpheus-X3, scintilačních detektorů a přesného GNSS přijímače. Algoritmus pro vytváření mapy distribuce radiačního pole je rozšířen. Jsou představeny nové metody založené na směrové citlivosti navrhovaného detekčního systému. Počáteční průzkum oblasti zájmu je uskutečněn pomocí kružnicových trajektorií. Všechny algoritmy byly otestována jak simulacemi, tak reálnými experimenty. Dosažená přesnosti lokalizace je v řádu desítek centimetrů. Časová efektivita je použitím nových algoritmů zvýšena přibližně dvakrát až pětkrát. Jedním z~přínosů práce je vývoj modulárního systému, který může být přesunut a uzpůsoben na jiné platformy. Výhodou použitého systému je vysoký stupeň autonomie a bezpečnost pro lidského operátora.
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Szentandrási, István. "Moderní techniky realistického osvětlení v reálném čase." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236981.

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Fyzikálně přijatelné osvětlení v reálném čase je často dosaženo použitím aproximací. Současné metody často aproximují globální osvětlení v prostoru obrazu s využitím schopností moderních grafických karet. Dva techniky z této kategorie, screen-space ambient occlusion a screen-space directional occlusion jsou popsány detailněji v této práci. Screen-space directional occlusion je zobecněná verze screen-space ambient occlusion s podporou jednoho difúzního odrazu a závislostí na směrové informaci světla. Hlavním cílem projektu bylo experimentování s těmito metodami. Pro uniformní distribuci náhodných vzorek pro obě metody byla použita Halton sekvence. Pro potlačení šumu je použita bilaterální filtrace, která bere do úvahy geometrické vlastnosti scény. Metody jsou dál zrychleny použitím nižších rozlišení pro výpočet. Rekonstrukce výsledků do původní velikosti pro vytvoření konečného obrazu je realizována pomoci joint bilateral upsamplingu. Kromě metod globálního osvětlení byly v práci použity aj metody pro mapování stínů a HDR osvětlení.
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Gustafsson, Jacob. "Mapping drainage of the rootless shield volcano at Dimmuborgir, northern Iceland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131405.

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Dimmuborgir is thought to be a former rootless shield volcano, which was fed with lava from a nearby crater row, 2170 ± 38 calendar years before present. In this study, the orientation of striations on the sides of lava channels, collapse structures and lava pillars were measured to find out how the enigmatic ~2 km by 2 km volcanic structure at Dimmuborgir was drained. During one week of field work 149 striations were found and measured, with respect to their dip angle, dip direction and elevation. Their locations were recorded with a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver. The orientations of the striations were visualized on Google Earth satellite images and on images from a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of Dimmuborgir. Resulting visualizations show that Dimmuborgir was drained radially and in multiple stages. It is concluded that Dimmuborgir was drained towards the west, the northeast and the southeast. The drainage towards the west was channeled. The drainage towards the northeast and the southeast was radially inwards, towards the collapsed parts of Dimmuborgir.
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Al-Sader, Mohamed. "Gaze-driven interaction in video games." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156718.

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The introduction of input devices with natural user interfaces in gaming hardware has changed the way we interact with games. Hardware with motion-sensing and gesture recognizing capabilities remove the constraint of interacting with games through typical traditional devices like mouse-keyboard and gamepads. This changes the way we approach games and how the game communicates back to us as the player opening new levels of interactivity. This thesis covers how eye tracker technology can be used to affect rendering effects in games.
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Kintz, Andrew Lane. "Nullspace MUSIC and Improved Radio Frequency Emitter Geolocation from a Mobile Antenna Array." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1479896813925084.

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Casasus, Serge. "De nouveaux artefacts pour la gestion des compétences : l'émergence de "la cartographique"." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1224/document.

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Les compétences sont des objets de gestion complexes mais indispensables à l’employeur pour spécifier ses besoins et au travailleur pour tracer son profil. Agrégées en postes, emplois, métiers, elles forment des cadres transactionnels dans un espace constitué d’objets abstraits et de leurs liens. Cette thèse vise à affirmer la centralité d’un dispositif cartographique à travers l’examen : des bénéfices d’une mise au net de cet espace, notamment face à la transformation numérique ; du recours indispensable à un artefact médiateur technologique ; du rôle de cartographe, le maître d’oeuvre de la fonction RH, investie de la médiation et de la régulation sociales. La recherche s’appuie sur un parcours professionnel dans le domaine RH et, sur le plan méthodologique, croise les besoins de la gestion des compétences avec les apports de la cartographie moderne. Elle aboutit à une proposition méthodologique pour cartographier des espaces abstraits, appuyée par un démonstrateur internet SaaS
Skills are complex management objects which are essential to define employers’ needs and draw one’s profile and wishes. Aggregated in positions, jobs, professions, they form a transactional framework in a space of abstract artefacts and their links. This thesis aims to assert the centrality of a mapping device by examining: the benefits of a clearing of this space, especially trough digital transformation; the indispensable support of technological artefacts to help a person or a group, to identify, decide, evolve in this space; the role of cartographer to be taken by the human resources function. The research is based on a professional career in the field of human resources and methodologically, crosses needs around the notion of competence with the contributions of modern cartography (GIS, geomatics, data visualisation). It leads to a synthesis by the design of a SaaS platform demonstrator, and a cartographic methodology for abstract space
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Books on the topic "Directional mapping"

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Prior, M. J. Directional driving rain indices for the United Kingdom: Computation and mapping : (background to BSI Draft for development DD93). Garston: Building Research Establishment, 1985.

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Wilson, Scott. Steering through chaos: Mapping a clear direction for your church in the midst of transition and change. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan, 2009.

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Steering through chaos: Mapping a clear direction for your church in the midst of transition and change. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan, 2010.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations, and the Census. Geospatial information: Are we headed in the right direction, or are we lost? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations, and the Census of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, June 23, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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Symposium, International Astronomical Union. Mapping the sky: Past heritage and future directions : proceedings of the 133rd Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Paris, France, June 1-5, 1987. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Mapping new directions: Higher education for older adults. Washington, DC (One Dupont Circle, NW, Washington 20036): American Council on Education, 2008.

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Alexander, Claire, Brett St Louis, and Raminder Kaur. Mapping Changing Identities: New Directions in Uncertain Times. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Mapping Changing Identities: New Directions in Uncertain Times. Routledge, 2013.

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Education, American Council on, ed. Mapping new directions: Higher education for older adults. Washington, DC (One Dupont Circle, NW, Washington 20036): American Council on Education, 2008.

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Alexander, Claire, Brett St Louis, and Raminder Kaur. Mapping Changing Identities: New Directions in Uncertain Times. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Directional mapping"

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Zhan, Cixiang, Sudhakar Menon, and Peng Gao. "A directional path distance model for raster distance mapping." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 434–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57207-4_29.

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Kim, Jae-Hean, and Jin Sung Choi. "Initial Closed-Form Solution to Mapping from Unknown Planar Motion of an Omni-directional Vision Sensor." In Advances in Visual Computing, 609–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14364-4_59.

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Afamasaga-Fuata’i, Karoline. "Implications and Future Research Directions." In Concept Mapping in Mathematics, 343–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89194-1_16.

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Hackett, Paul M. W. "Conclusions and Future Directions." In Facet Theory and the Mapping Sentence, 83–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137345929_5.

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Botello-Aceves, Salvador, S. Ivvan Valdez, and Arturo Hernández-Aguirre. "The Improvement Direction Mapping Method." In Advances in Soft Computing, 264–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60884-2_20.

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Todorčević, Vesna. "Possible Research Directions." In Harmonic Quasiconformal Mappings and Hyperbolic Type Metrics, 147–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22591-9_7.

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Topp, Dominic. "“How’s Your Sense of Direction?” Using Movie Magazines to Study Audiences’ Perception of Classical Hollywood Directors, 1934–1943." In Mapping Movie Magazines, 257–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33277-8_13.

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Lacity, Mary C., Shaji Khan, Aihua Yan, and Leslie P. Willcocks. "Mapping the IT Outsourcing Landscape: Review and Future Directions." In The New IT Outsourcing Landscape, 25–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137012296_2.

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Henderson, Peter. "Asset Mapping — Developing Inter-Enterprise Solutions from Legacy Components." In Systems Engineering for Business Process Change: New Directions, 1–12. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0135-2_1.

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Johnson, Leah R., Kevin D. Lafferty, Amy McNally, Erin Mordecai, Krijn P. Paaijmans, Samraat Pawar, and Sadie J. Ryan. "Mapping the Distribution of Malaria: Current Approaches and Future Directions." In Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics, 189–209. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118630013.ch10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Directional mapping"

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Misiak, Martin, and Arnulph Fuhrmann. "Directional occlusion via multi-irradiance mapping." In SIGGRAPH '17: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3102163.3102217.

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Chen, Kou-chang, and Chang-Lin Huang. "Directional moving averaging interpolation for bilinear texture mapping." In Visual Communications and Image Processing '94, edited by Aggelos K. Katsaggelos. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.186021.

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Vanderbilt, V. C., J. A. Greenberg, G. P. Livingston, S. Khanna, L. A. Morrissey, S. L. Ustin, and U. Boettger. "Mapping Wetlands Cover Types with Directional Polarization Signatures." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779751.

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López Martínez, Marcos, Tim Hartmann, and Michael Kremer. "Imaging acquisition and mapping for fast directional reflectance measurements." In Target and Background Signatures VI, edited by Karin U. Stein and Ric Schleijpen. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2573495.

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Su, Jian, Haitao Liu, and Xueyuan Su. "Bi-directional Message Mapping for DER and DMS Interoperability." In 2015 3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Industrial Informatics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmii-15.2015.188.

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Miyashita, Yuko, Yuichi Tanaka, Madoka Hasegawa, and Shigeo Kato. "Adaptive color-to-gray image mapping using directional transform." In 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6466983.

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Thiel, Michael, and Dzevat Omeragic. "Full 3D Reservoir Mapping Using Deep Directional Resistivity Measurements." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201281-ms.

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Jin Huang, Samuele Lilliu, Ammar Alqahtani, Julio Martins, Joao Petiz, and Marcus S. Dahlem. "2D directional surface strain mapping through distributed optical fiber sensors." In 2013 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleopr.2013.6600577.

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Ganesan, Ashwinkumar, Francis Ferraro, and Tim Oates. "Learning a Reversible Embedding Mapping using Bi-Directional Manifold Alignment." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.276.

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Kimura, Hiroshi. "Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping from multi-directional SAR interferograms." In 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127300.

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Reports on the topic "Directional mapping"

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Leblanc, S. G., J. M. Chen, H. P. White, R. Latifovic, R. Fernandes, J. L. Roujean, and R. Lacaze. Mapping leaf area index heterogeneity over Canada using directional reflectance and anisotropy canopy reflectance models using directional reflectance and anisotropy canopy reflectance models. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219874.

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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.

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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.
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Ryan, J. J., and A. Zagorevski. Northern Cordillera geology: a synthesis of research from the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program, British Columbia and Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326050.

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Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 610 summarizes some significant research results and future directions from twelve years of field-based research in the northern Cordillera. The Bulletin presents five distinct, stand-alone, thematic sections: 'Oceanic terranes'; 'Pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane'; 'Cordilleran magmatism'; 'Overlap assemblages'; and 'Geophysical characteristics'. These papers are not intended to provide an exhaustive summary of all research that was carried out over the course of GEM; however, these themes, along with individual activity results, provide a good starting point for evaluating future research directions in the northern Cordillera.
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Kingston, A. W., A. Mort, C. Deblonde, and O H Ardakani. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) distribution in the Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329797.

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The Montney Formation is a highly productive hydrocarbon reservoir with significant reserves of hydrocarbon gases and liquids making it of great economic importance to Canada. However, high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been encountered during exploration and development that have detrimental effects on environmental, health, and economics of production. H2S is a highly toxic and corrosive gas and therefore it is essential to understand the distribution of H2S within the basin in order to enhance identification of areas with a high risk of encountering elevated H2S concentrations in order to mitigate against potential negative impacts. Gas composition data from Montney wells is routinely collected by operators for submission to provincial regulators and is publicly available. We have combined data from Alberta (AB) and British Columbia (BC) to create a basin-wide database of Montney H2S concentrations. We then used an iterative quality control and quality assurance process to produce a dataset that best represents gas composition in reservoir fluids. This included: 1) designating gas source formation based on directional surveys using a newly developed basin-wide 3D model incorporating AGS's Montney model of Alberta with a model in BC, which removes errors associated with reported formations; 2) removed injection and disposal wells; 3) assessed wells with the 50 highest H2S concentrations to determine if gas composition data is accurate and reflective of reservoir fluid chemistry; and 4) evaluated spatially isolated extreme values to ensure data accuracy and prevent isolated highs from negatively impacting data interpolation. The resulting dataset was then used to calculate statistics for each x, y location to input into the interpolation process. Three interpolations were constructed based on the associated phase classification: H2S in gas, H2S in liquid (C7+), and aqueous H2S. We used Empirical Bayesian Kriging interpolation to generate H2S distribution maps along with a series of model uncertainty maps. These interpolations illustrate that H2S is heterogeneously distributed across the Montney basin. In general, higher concentrations are found in AB compared with BC with the highest concentrations in the Grande Prairie region along with several other isolated region in the southeastern portion of the basin. The interpolations of H2S associated with different phases show broad similarities. Future mapping research will focus on subdividing intra-Montney sub-members plus under- and overlying strata to further our understanding of the role migration plays in H2S distribution within the Montney basin.
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Blundell, S. Micro-terrain and canopy feature extraction by breakline and differencing analysis of gridded elevation models : identifying terrain model discontinuities with application to off-road mobility modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40185.

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Elevation models derived from high-resolution airborne lidar scanners provide an added dimension for identification and extraction of micro-terrain features characterized by topographic discontinuities or breaklines. Gridded digital surface models created from first-return lidar pulses are often combined with lidar-derived bare-earth models to extract vegetation features by model differencing. However, vegetative canopy can also be extracted from the digital surface model alone through breakline analysis by taking advantage of the fine-scale changes in slope that are detectable in high-resolution elevation models of canopy. The identification and mapping of canopy cover and micro-terrain features in areas of sparse vegetation is demonstrated with an elevation model for a region of western Montana, using algorithms for breaklines, elevation differencing, slope, terrain ruggedness, and breakline gradient direction. These algorithms were created at the U.S. Army Engineer Research Center – Geospatial Research Laboratory (ERDC-GRL) and can be accessed through an in-house tool constructed in the ENVI/IDL environment. After breakline processing, products from these algorithms are brought into a Geographic Information System as analytical layers and applied to a mobility routing model, demonstrating the effect of breaklines as obstacles in the calculation of optimal, off-road routes. Elevation model breakline analysis can serve as significant added value to micro-terrain feature and canopy mapping, obstacle identification, and route planning.
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Plourde, A. P., and J. F. Cassidy. Mapping tectonic stress at subduction zones with earthquake focal mechanisms: application to Cascadia, Japan, Nankai, Mexico, and northern Chile. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330943.

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Earthquake focal mechanisms have contributed substantially to our understanding of modern tectonic stress regimes, perhaps more than any other data source. Studies generally group focal mechanisms by epicentral location to examine variations in stress across a region. However, stress variations with depth have rarely been considered, either due to data limitations or because they were believed to be negligible. This study presents 3D grids of tectonic stress tensors using existing focal mechanism catalogs from several subduction zones, including Cascadia, Japan, Nankai, Mexico, and northern Chile. We bin data into 50 x 50 x 10 km cells (north, east, vertical), with 50% overlap in all three directions. This resulted in 181380 stress inversions, with 90% of these in Japan (including Nankai). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first examination of stress changes with depth in several of these regions. The resulting maps and cross-sections of stress can help distinguish locked and creeping segments of the plate interface. Similarly, by dividing the focal mechanism catalog in northern Japan into those before and those &amp;gt;6 months after the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, we are able to produce detailed 3D maps of stress rotation, which is close to 90° near the areas of highest slip. These results could inform geodynamic rupture models of future megathrust earthquakes in order to more accurately estimate slip, shaking, and seismic hazard. Southern Cascadia and Nankai appear to have sharp stress discontinuities at ~20 km depth, and northern Cascadia may have a similar discontinuity at ~30 km depth. These stress boundaries may relate to rheological discontinuities in the forearc, and may help us unravel how forearc composition influences subduction zone behaviour and seismic hazard.
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Fromm, Hillel, Paul Michael Hasegawa, and Aaron Fait. Calcium-regulated Transcription Factors Mediating Carbon Metabolism in Response to Drought. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699847.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the proposed research is to elucidate the transcription factors, genes and metabolic networks involved in carbon metabolism and partitioning in response to water deficit. The proposed research focuses on the GTLcalcium/calmodulinbindingTFs and the gene and metabolic networks modulated by these TFs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The specific objectives are as follows. Objective-1 (USA): Physiological analyses of GTL1 loss- and gain-of-function plants under water sufficient and drought stress conditions Objective 2 (USA / Israel-TAU): Characterizion of GTL target genes and bioinformatic analysis of data to eulcidate gene-network topology. Objective-3 (Israel-TAU): Regulation of GTLmediated transcription by Ca²⁺/calmodulin: mechanism and biological significance. Objective-4 (Israel-BGU): Metabolic networks and carbon partitioning in response to drought. Additional direction: In the course of the project we added another direction, which was reported in the 2nd annual report, to elucidate genes controlling drought avoidance. The TAU team has isolated a few unhydrotropic (hyd) mutants and are in the process of mapping these mutations (of hyd13 and hyd15; see last year's report for a description of these mutants under salt stress) in the Arabidopsis genome by map-based cloning and deep sequencing. For this purpose, each hyd mutant was crossed with a wild type plant of the Landsberg ecotype, and at the F2 stage, 500-700 seedlings showing the unhydrotropic phenotype were collected separately and pooled DNA samples were subkected to the Illumina deep sequencing technology. Bioinformatics were used to identify the exact genomic positions of the mutations (based on a comparison of the genomic sequences of the two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes (Columbia and Landsberg). Background: To feed the 9 billion people or more, expected to live on Earth by the mid 21st century, the production of high-quality food must increase substantially. Based on a 2009 Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, a target of 70% more global food production by the year 2050 was marked, an unprecedented food-production growth rate. Importantly, due to the larger areas of low-yielding land globally, low-yielding environments offer the greatest opportunity for substantial increases in global food production. Nowadays, 70% of the global available water is used by agriculture, and 40% of the world food is produced from irrigated soils. Therefore, much needs to be done towards improving the efficiency of water use by plants, accompanied by increased crop yield production under water-limiting conditions. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: We established that AtGTL1 (Arabidopsis thaliana GT-2 LIKE1) is a focal determinant in water deficit (drought) signaling and tolerance, and water use efficiency (WUE). The GTL1 transcription factor is an upstream regulator of stomatal development as a transrepressor of AtSDD1, which encodes a subtilisin protease that activates a MAP kinase pathway that negatively regulates stomatal lineage and density. GTL1 binds to the core GT3 cis-element in the SDD1 promoter and transrepresses its expression under water-sufficient conditions. GTL1 loss-of-function mutants have reduced stomatal number and transpiration, and enhanced drought tolerance and WUE. In this case, higher WUE under water sufficient conditions occurs without reduction in absolute biomass accumulation or carbon assimilation, indicating that gtl1-mediated effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration do not substantially affect CO₂ uptake. These results are proof-of-concept that fine-tuned regulation of stomatal density can result in drought tolerance and higher WUE with maintenance of yield stability. Implications: Accomplishments during the IS-4243-09R project provide unique tools for continued discovery research to enhance plant drought tolerance and WUE.
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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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National Mapping Division Strategic Direction 1997. US Geological Survey, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/70039556.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Directional mapping' for particular source types:
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