Books on the topic 'Direction Reconstruction'

Interazione e mobilità per la ricerca – Materiali del 2° seminario Osdotta 2006. This is the second volume of the DOTTA series dealing with research in Architectural Technology doctorates. It documents the 2nd seminar of the Italian PhDs in Architectural Technology, held in Pescara on 14-15-16 September 2006, comprising an account of the event, the materials elaborated in the course of the seminar and the addresses made at the final round table. This reconstruction makes it possible to identify the fields of interest, providing a synoptic overview of the current directions of research trends in our sector, and to compare and confront the contents and methods of the various thematic ambits, underscoring the fundamental research themes most active in this scientific disciplinary sector. Moreover, it also makes it possible to confirm the educational and communication project pursued by Osdotta, both as an educational-administrative structure of an interactive kind, designed to foster a fertile and intense exchange on the lines of research activated within the framework of the doctoral studies in this ambit, and also as an opportunity to identify the problems and expectations of the area, breaking them down into issues concerning the visibility of the scientific community and research into actions useful for the pursuit of even more efficacious results.

Ethics requires people not just to be moved by relatively altruistic feelings to perform relatively altruisic actions, but to be moved in this way by considerations that they conceptualize in ethical terms or concepts. Those concepts come in many forms, but two important families cluster around, first, the idea of desirable options and, second, the idea of agents who are fit to be held responsible for taking or not taking such options. The aim of this book is to explain the emergence of ethical concepts and practices in a naturalistic manner that vindicates realism. Such a story of emergence would help to make sense of ethics, directing us to the sorts of properties predicated in talk of desirability and responsibility. But in order to do so, it would have to start from a naturalistically intelligible, pre-moral starting point—ground zero—and explain in naturalistic terms how people in that society would be likely to make a cascading series of adjustments that would eventually lead them into ethical space. The project of developing such a story is akin to various approaches taken in other branches of philosophy, embodying a conceptual genealogy, and employing something like the method of creature-construction, but has not been undertaken before for ethics, at least not in the way it is undertaken here.

The training manual contains information on ensuring safety and improving the reliability of the operation of the main structures of the reclamation hydroelectric complex with an earth dam and an open coastal spillway. It contains methodological bases for assessing the safety of low-pressure and medium-pressure waterworks according to diagnostic indicators. Given the monitoring information, recommendations are given for their calculations, design of additional emergency spillways, operation and reconstruction. The textbook is intended for the development of theoretical material and the implementation of term papers, settlement-graphic and final works by bachelors in the direction of 20.03.02 Environmental management and water use focus Water resources management and environmental hydraulic structures of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education, recommended by the Scientific and Methodological Council for Environmental Management and Water Use for use in the educational process.

The publication sets new directions in the research on Polish Philhellenism, in particular in two areas: gaining thorough knowledge of the Poles supporting Greek struggle for independence and the coverage it received in Polish press. The articles of the renowned experts on the subject are the introduction to the issue of Polish Philhellenism, they also concentrate on reconstructing biographies of the Polish participants in the Greek uprising and the interest in modern Greek songs the Poles have developed.

This chapter analyzes three reenactments by the Slovenian director Janez Janša, two reconstructions of experimental performances made under communism in Ljubljana during the late 1960s and early 1970s by poets and performers associated with the Pupilija group, and one which subversively reappropriates canonical contemporary dance works from the United States, Germany, and Japan. The two earlier works, it argues, interrogate the utopian ideals espoused by the communist partisans who freed Yugoslavia from German occupation during World War II. It develops a framework for this analysis by drawing on Walter Benjamin’s discussion of the philosophy of history and on Michel de Certeau’s work on memory and the everyday. It places the three reconstructions in their social, historical, and political context and evaluates their meanings in relation to misperceptions about art in post-communist countries.

The same event that appeared unpredictable in foresight can be judged as predictable in hindsight. Hindsight bias clouds judgments in all areas of life, including legal decisions, medical diagnoses, consumer satisfaction, sporting events, and election outcomes. We discuss three theoretical constructs related to hindsight bias: memory, reconstruction bias, and motivation. Attempts to recall foresight knowledge fail because newly acquired knowledge affects memory either directly or indirectly by biasing attempts to reconstruct foresight knowledge. On a metacognitive level, overconfidence and surprise contribute to hindsight bias. Overconfidence in knowledge increases hindsight bias whereas a well-calibrated confidence reduces hindsight bias. Motivational factors also contribute to hindsight bias by making positive and negative outcomes appear more or less likely, depending on a variety of factors. We review hindsight bias theories and discuss three exciting directions for future research.

The 1860 founding of Paris’s municipal historical museum and library made preserving the past a modern municipal imperative. As these institutions grew, their employees helped develop a mode of “poetic history” that stimulated the historical imagination to resurrect a connection to the past. This mode flourished in the vogue for historical reconstructions by the likes of Albert Robida, Fedor Hoffbauer, and Georges Cain. Under this mode, photographs were too cold, too technical to be anything more than technical aids for the study of the past. By the turn of the century, however, these uses would begin to change as shifting notions of the idea of the documentary and the realization of photography’s increasing role in documenting contemporary life recast its place in these institutions, especially at the Bibiliothèque historique de la Ville de Paris under the direction of Marcel Poëte.

This chapter evaluates the two principal methodologies adopted in studying elections over the past 200 years. The first prominently features ‘psephological’ analyses of aggregate voting data and social cleavages; the second is the revisionist ‘linguistic’ approach, which emphasizes the careful reconstruction and exploration of electoral languages and discourses, often in a specific locality. This chapter argues that, while both approaches have undoubtedly yielded considerable benefits, what was once a large field of scholarly endeavour has been split in two, with the empirical, quantitative tradition now associated with political science on one side and the now dominant cultural and linguistic approaches on the other. The chapter ends by exploring potential new directions and argues that the advent of the ‘digital turn’ and the vast proliferation of electronic sources in its wake now make possible an approach which could see the gap between electoral historians and political scientists begin to close.

This epilogue examines the breakdown (but not the disappearance) of the struggle for equal rights after the Civil War. Reform-minded New Englanders dispersed in various directions. Some focused on the newly liberated freedmen to the south and on reconstructing that region. Others concentrated on such causes as women's rights, temperance, and labor. No one denied that forms of racism persisted in New England, but many shared Garrison's belief that the basic work for equal rights had been accomplished or soon would be and welcomed the opportunity to invest in their own lives. And some of the black leaders died far too soon. The book concludes with a brief examination of why New England was in advance of the rest of the nation in providing equal rights but far from an equal society.

The third volume of this pioneering series explores the manufacture and trade of textiles and their practical, fashionable, and symbolic uses. Papers include in-depth studies and cross-genre scholarship representing such fields as social history, economics, art history, archaeology and literature, as well as the reconstruction of textile-making techniques. They range over England, Flanders, France, Germany, and Spain from the seventh to the sixteenth centuries, and address such topics as soft furnishings, ecclesiastical vestments, the economics of the wool trade, the making and use of narrow wares, symbolic reference to courtly dress in a religious text, and aristocratic children's clothing. Also included are reviews of recent books on dress and textile topics. Robin Netherton is a professional editor and a researcher/lecturer on Western European dress, specializing in the depiction and interpretation of clothing by artists and historians. Gale R. Owen-Crocker is Professor of Anglo-Saxon Culture at The University of Manchester and author of Dress in Anglo-Saxon England; she is the Director of an ARHC-funded project on cloth and clothing terminology in medieval Britain. Contributors: Elizabeth Coatsworth, Sarah Larratt Keefer, Susan Leibacher Ward, John H. Munro, John Oldlan, Lesley K. Twomey, Elizabeth Benns, Lois Swales, Heather Blatt, Melanie Schuessler

This book assesses the nature and broader significance of warfare in the mountains of classical Greece. Based on detailed reconstructions of four unconventional military encounters, the book argues that the upland Greeks of the classical mainland developed defensive strategies to guard against external aggression. These strategies enabled wide-scale, sophisticated actions in response to invasions, but they did not require the direction of a central, federal government. The book brings these strategies to the forefront by driving ancient Greek military history and ancient Greek scholarship “beyond the polis” into dialogue with each other. As it contends, beyond-the-polis scholarship has done much to expand and refine our understanding of the ancient Greek world, but it has overemphasized the importance of political institutions in emergent federal states and has yet to treat warfare involving upland Greeks systematically or in depth. In contrast, the book scrutinizes the sociopolitical roots of warfare from beyond the polis, which are often neglected in military histories of the Greek city-state. By focusing on the significance of warfare vis-à-vis the sociopolitical development of upland polities, the book shows that although the more powerful states of the classical Greek world were dismissive or ignorant of the military capabilities of upland Greeks, the reverse was not the case. The Phocians, Aetolians, Acarnanians, and Arcadians in circa 490–362 BCE were well aware of the arrogant attitudes of their aggressive neighbors, and as highly efficient political entities, they exploited these attitudes to great effect.

In Ruth Page: The Woman in the Work, the Chicago ballerina emerges as a highly original choreographer who sought the iconoclastic as she transgressed boundaries of genre, gender, race, class, and sexuality in her art. Her works were often controversial—and sometimes censored—even as she succeeded in roles usually reserved for men in the ballet world: choreographer, artistic director, and impresario. From extensive dramaturgical analysis of her most famous ballets—La Guiablesse, Frankie and Johnny, Billy Sunday, Revenge, The Merry Widow, Camille, Carmina Burana, and Alice—to embodied reconstruction of an avant-garde solo performed in a “sack” designed by Isamu Noguchi, this book follows the global reach of Ruth Page’s career spanning the greater part of the twentieth century. A biography that disrupts notions that New York was the only cradle of the American ballet and George Balanchine its exponent to eclipse all others, Ruth Page explores the woman’s unique sensibility, corporeal praxis, and collaborative ethos to reveal her Chicago-centered network of creativity. In the process of discovering the woman in the work, we encounter an international cast of dancers (Anna Pavlova, Harald Kreutzberg, Frederic Franklin, Alicia Markova), composers (William Grant Still, Aaron Copland, Jerome Moross, Darius Milhaud), visual artists (Noguchi, Pavel Tchelitchew, Antoni Clavé), and companies (Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, Ballets des Champs-Elysées, London Festival Ballet). But Page’s Chicago nucleus of dancers and artistic collaborators as well as Chicago institutions (Chicago Allied Arts, Federal Theatre Project, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Chicago Opera Ballet) crucially shaped her intermedial aesthetics.

The main milestones of the formation and development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during 1883–1945 are reconstructed on the example of the activities of the astronomical observatory of Kharkiv University. During this period, the outstanding worldview science in Kharkiv has achieved significant success: the works of Kharkiv astronomers have received world recognition; a well-known scientific planetary school has been established at the Observatory; the scientific community highly appreciated the research on the physics and chemistry of the Moon, the giant and small planets of the Solar System. The primary goal of the research is to inscribe the history of the university Observatory into the European and world context. Its purpose is to summarize the results of a comprehensive historical ad scientific study of the development of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century and identification of ways of further scientific research. The completed research, which continues the problems of works devoted to the study of the history of astronomical science in Ukraine, focuses on expanding the well-known source base by attracting new retro-information resources. In particular, the monograph used a significant array of archival primary sources from almost twenty archival and library institutions of different countries. Most of them were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which allowed to determine and specify the sequence of stages of development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during the research period, to clarify and identify the little-known circumstances of the observatory life. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historism, objectivity and a systematic approach to studying the problem. To solve specific problematic tasks in the monograph, general scientific and specially historical methods were used which allowed to study, analyze and summarize the presented factual material in a complex manner. The main sections of the monograph represent the dynamics of replenishment of the instrumental base of the university observatory, the chronology of the construction of the observatory complex of buildings at the location of the modern Scientific Research Institute of Astronomy of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. According to the author’s periodization, the stages of formation of subjects and directions of scientific work of university astronomers have been analyzed, including: seismic observations with the help of horizontal Rebeur-Paschwitz pendulums, research of the activity of the Sun, astrometric observations on the Repsold meridian circle of for the purpose of compiling a catalog of zodiac stars, studying lunar eclipses and meteor showers. The participation of university astronomers in the creation of the plan of the city of Kharkiv and its connection with the general network of precise geometric leveling of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff; the organization of observations by an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers of the total Solar eclipse of 1914 in Henichesk; the creation of the School-workshop of precision mechanics at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kharkiv University were considered; information on the participation of Kharkiv astronomers in the events of the civil war during the Ukrainian Revolution was documented. The scientific research activity of Kharkiv astronomers during 1920-1930-s which was devoted to carrying out important astrometric works on meridian observations of star declinations by absolute methods and observations of Kopf-Rentz stars according to the programs of the International Astronomical Union; the initiation of the creation of the Catalog of faint stars; research in astrophysics aimed at studying the physical conditions on the Moon and the Sun, planets and the interstellar environment; performing long series of spectrophotometric observations of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn under different conditions of observation; study of the kinematics of stellar systems of different order, the physical parameters and evolution of stars, the morphology of the Galaxy, the nature of the stellar subsurfaces and atmospheres, dust and gas nebulae, new stars and the variability of stars have been considered; the directions of solid works carried out in the field of celestial mechanics, devoted to the dynamics of the minor planets of the Jupiter group, the definition and improvement of the orbits of minor planets have been clarified. The development of amateur astronomy in Kharkiv, in particular, the functioning of circles and societies that directed their activities to the dissemination of astronomical knowledge, was highlighted; the participation of their representatives in astronomical observations at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory was emphasized. Reconstructed the development of historical events in the 1930s related to the involvement of Soviet and Western astronomers in the processes of political confrontation between the USSR and the Western world; investigated the course of circumstances that prevented the implementation of the project of creating a new modern astronomical center of national importance – the central Ukrainian observatory in Kharkiv; the participation of an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers in the observation of the «great Soviet eclipse» – the total solar eclipse of 1936 – in the North Caucasus is highlighted; established the facts of political «purges» and repressions by the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ( the NKVD) in the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory. The activity of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory has been documented and authentic biographical information about its representatives during the Nazi occupation of 1941–1943, the period of the German-Soviet war, has been presented; the unpopular facts of the forced collaboration of some scientists are highlighted; the process of recovery and reconstruction of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory after the liberation of the city is characterized. With the aim of researching the personal history of Kharkiv astronomy of the studied period, the monograph presents the results of a historical and biographical study of facts of life and scientific heritage of scientists who fully devoted themselves to Science, laid the foundations for the future development of many directions of modern astronomical research, made a significant contribution to the treasury of the national and European astronomical science, whose activities were connected with the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory, in particular: Grigory Levytsky, Ludwig Struve, Mykola Evdokymov, Otto Struve, Mykola Barabashov, Boris Gerasimovich, Vasil Fesenkov, Oleksiy Razdolsky, Boris Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev, Nicholas Bobrovnikov, Paraskovia Parkhomenko, Mstislav Savron, Boris Semeykin, Kostyantyn Savchenko and others (25 biographical essays are presented). A significant part of the mentioned factual material was also introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. A separate section of the monograph provides chronologically structured information that reflects the sequence of research work of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory employees during the period under study: from astrometric observations of stars and seismic research to spectrohelioscopic and spectroheliographic observations of the Sun and the initiation of the Kharkiv school of planetary science. It is assumed that the materials of the monograph will be used in research work devoted to the study of the process of institutionalization of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century.