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Гладченко, Оксана Робертівна, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко, Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko, and O. Grishchenko. "Direct marketing." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17070.
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Currier, Daniel W. "Direct Address." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/44.
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"Direct Address" is a document intended to complement a body of artwork, including photographs and digital video. The focus of this text is to discuss my process of creating documentary film. Beginning with my thesis film it traces my development as documentary filmmaker over a two-year period, highlighting shifts in my thinking and activity during that time.
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Lamont, Robert W. "Direct fire synchronization." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23644.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis analyzes defense in sector missions adapted from the National Training Center and conducted with the Janus(A) high resolution combat model to check for relationships which influence direct fire synchronization. This analysis should enhance the monitoring of unit performances in the area of concentration of massing of fires consistent with the commander's intent. The combat fighting vehicle, which combines the characteristics of mobility with high volumes of firepower, dominates the desert battlefield and is the focus of this study. Graphical methods and analytic techniques are developed the describe the battle in terms of direct fire synchronization and a mission measure of effectiveness (MOE). This research is being conducted under the E.S. Army's Battle Enhanced Analysis methodologies (BEAM) study, which is developing objective doctrinal AirLand battle measures and visual displays to enhance training analysis. The thesis also describes the training environment of the NTC, defense in sector doctrine for both the U.S. Army and the U.S. Marine Corps with emphasis on asymmetries, and threat offensive doctrine
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Negahdaripour, Shahriar. "Direct passive navigation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14939.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE
Bibliography: leaves 219-225.
by Shahriar Negahdaripour.
Ph.D.
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Corrie, Thomas James Alexander. "Intramolecular direct arylation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28820.
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The research conducted for this thesis has led to the development of an intramolecular gold-catalysed direct arylation protocol whereby tethered arenes and aryltrimethylsilanes are coupled (Scheme 1). In Chapter 1, the key synthetic and mechanistic studies that have ultimately led to the conception of this project are introduced. In Chapter 2, the substrate scope of intramolecular direct arylation is assessed. The reaction tolerates a wide range of substrates with tether lengths between one and five units (containing C, N and O) generating 5- to 9- membered rings. Substrates that lead to 5-membered rings (1 → 2) can tolerate a broad electronic range of substituents and proceed under the mildest reaction conditions (≤ 1 mol% catalyst, room temperature) and with excellent yields. A smaller collection of examples is demonstrated for the cyclisation to 6- and 7- membered rings (3 → 4, 5 → 6), but no heating is required and good yields are maintained throughout the series. The synthetically challenging synthesis of 8- and 9- membered rings (7 → 8, 9 → 10) is successful, albeit with slightly more forcing conditions (4 mol%, up to 50 °C). The methodology was subsequently applied in the successful 10-step synthesis of natural product allocolchicine 11. In Chapter 3, the operative reaction mechanism is elucidated. Reaction monitoring techniques allowed for the detailed study of linear free energy relationships (LFERs) and kinetic isotope effects (KIEs), which in turn allowed for deduction of the reaction turnover-limiting step (TLS) and thus the first quantitative experimental data on the effects of aryl electron demand and conformational freedom on the rate of reductive elimination from diarylgold(III) species. The mechanistic investigation led to the observation of complex kinetic profiles for specific substrates. The origin of these unusual effects is the focus of Chapter 4. By combining experiment with kinetic simulation, an off-cycle catalyst inhibition pathway was identified and the understanding of this process allowed for a re-optimisation of reaction conditions. In Chapter 5, the general kinetic parameters that could govern any domino reaction combining inter- and intramolecular direct arylation are deduced through kinetic analysis and simulation of hypothetical systems. The results of the kinetic analysis were proved experimentally through the successful combination of intra- and intermolecular gold-catalysed direct arylation. The products of intramolecular cyclisation 2, generated in-situ, are demonstrated to couple with intermolecular aryltrimethylsilanes 12, resulting in a rapid increase in molecular complexity from simple substrates in one pot.
6
O'Loughlin, Kieran John. "The comparability of direct and semi-direct speaking tests : a case study /." Connect to thesis, 1997. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000378.
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Sultan, Jassim. "Direct methanol fuel cells /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,162066.
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Tapsell, John Peter. "Direct-Write Digital Holography." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487902.
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Chapter 1 gives a brief history of the field of holography along with an overview of this thesis. A more detailed description of holography is provided in Chapter 2 along with a discussion of digital holography. Chapter 3 examines the design of a one-step monochromatic hologram printer capable producing white-light viewable transmission holograms created with the aid of an LCOS display system and printed in a dot-matrix sequence. The lens system employed includes a microlens array and an afocal relay telescope which are both quantitatively examined in order to maximise the contrast, diffraction efficiency and depth of view of the final hologram image. A brief overview of speckle reduction techniques and their applicability to pulsed digital holography is presented along with experimental results of the use of a microlens array to reduce speckle effects. Chapter 4 presents an analysis of the unwanted side effects of the angular intensity distribution of a hologram pixel, using a case study for analysis. Chapter 5 examines methods for increasing both the printing speed and resolution of the hologram printer. Chapter 6 describes the analysis and design of a temperature-energy feedback system to correct for pulsed laser instabilities arising from mode beating due to temperature variations. Chapter 7 provides a conclusion to the work and discusses possible future developments.
9
Turner, Gemma L. "Direct arylation of thiazoles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3188.
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An introduction to the thiazole ring system is presented together with a detailed, but non-exhaustive review of the rapidly emerging area of palladium-mediated directed arylation. The direct arylation of thiazole is also discussed together with our attempts to improve the established methods. A high-yielding, mild protocol has been developed for the functionalisation of the most electron-rich carbon-hydrogen bonds in a number of heterocyclic ring systems, this represents the first example of a C-H activation reaction being accomplished in aqueous media and allows access to a diverse range of functionalised aryl heterocycles. In addition, work towards functionalisation of the thiazole C4 position is described. A number of different approaches are discussed and our endeavors are recorded.
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Taylor, Emmanuel J. "Direct DC solar integration." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3647989.
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The output characteristic of a photovoltaic (PV) module varies as the environmental conditions of the module’s operation change. Changes in operating temperature and incident sunlight dynamically change the maximum power available from a PV module, as well as the output voltage. The output voltage of the PV generating system must be regulated, in order to ensure proper power quality for connection to an electrical load, building electric power system, or the electric grid.
PV modules are typically connected in series strings and parallel arrays to create PV generating systems. Non-uniform environmental conditions create voltage mismatches throughout PV generating systems. A mismatch between module voltages can severely reduce the amount of power available from the overall generating system. These system losses can be eliminated by regulating the output voltage of each module.
This dissertation proposes a power electronic device that fulfills two objectives: extracting maximum power from the single PV module, and regulating the output voltage to ensure a constant value. This dissertation reviews the analytical design of such a system, and validates this design in simulation, utilizing MATLAB/SIMULINK and ANSYS Simplorer.
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Sandomire, Daniel M. (Daniel Micah). "Direct sequential system assemblage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70282.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).
Decisions made during the building process have the opportunity to both inform the next set of decisions and provide unexpected and possibly positive features in the final project. Thus, working beyond the minimum definition at each size will provide a more rich environment for the next ... This thesis proposes to investigate those decisions both analytically and synthetically. In volume one, construction phases are established and a set of physical system options is assigned to each. The next task of the thesis is to assemble these systems in multiple, thus discovering both the intrinsic behaviors of the system as well as its means of exchange with other systems. These parallel systems investigations will then provide the background for the final task of this thesis: volume two, a practical application of the methodology in an architectural project.
by Daniel M. Sandomire.
M.Arch.
12
Ohnmacht, Stephan A. "Direct arylations of azoles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11233.
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Ahluwalia, Arvind. "Computer Controlled Direct Descent." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36214.
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How an aircraft performs its approach and descent towards an airport today has got big potential for improvements. It's mainly the environmental impact and safety that can, and must, be improved for a sustainable future in aviation. "Green Approaches" is a small, yet relatively well-known, optimized approach system mainly used by Scandinavian Airlines on Arlanda airport. Unfortunately "Green Approaches" aren't used often enough, due to the simple reason that it doesn't work very well during heavy traffic. Luckily further research is being done in this field to further optimize an aircraft’s approach. As of today, the most forward going research is being done by the FAA and NASA, and their new system is called NextGen OPD. The system is not fully developed yet but their goals are, as previously mentioned, to optimize today's aircraft approach. In this report the focus will also be set on improving aircraft approaches, although not by optimizing today’s system like the FAA and NASA. Instead, a whole new concept of how aircraft approach airports will be developed. The reason that a brand new concept will be developed is simple, optimizing today's aging system will not be sustainable for the future. Also, optimizing an aging system has its limits. By designing a whole new concept, a steady ground will be laid and it shall be sustainable for the coming century's technology. The new concept will be called ”C.C.D.D.”, Computer Controlled Direct Descent, and will have a lot of goals and expectations to fulfill. As hinted in the name, the new concept is built on the idea that a computer will be controlling the whole approach, and therefore the "Human factor" will more or less be eliminated. Although the main purpose of a new approach system is to decrease the negative environmental impact, by decreasing the fuel consumption during the approach. The new concept will also decrease the noise an aircraft makes during the descent and increase the possibility for a greater traffic flow in the airport’s airspace. The end result will be a "win-win" for everyone involved. An environmentally friendly aircraft approach is necessary for a sustainable future in aviation. C.C.D.D. is a system that will pay for itself with time, because of the decreased fuel consumption for airliners. The system also has the ability to be expanded to computer control departing aircrafts, due to the systems highly computerized structure and integration with airplanes autopilot.
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Alvarez-Garcia, Luciano Gritti Jules. "Poétique du direct télévisuel /." Louvain : Ciaco, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb373621701.
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Williams, A. Lynn, Sharynne McLeod, and R. J. McCauley. "Direct Speech Production Interventions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://www.amzn.com/1598570188/.
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Book Summary: With detailed discussion and invaluable video footage of 23 treatment interventions for speech sound disorders (SSDs) in children, this textbook and DVD set should be part of every speech-language pathologist's professional preparation. Focusing on children with functional or motor-based speech disorders from early childhood through the early elementary period, this textbook gives preservice SLPs critical analyses of a complete spectrum of evidence-based phonological and articulatory interventions.
This textbook fully prepares SLPs for practice with a vivid inside look at intervention techniques in action through high-quality DVD clips large and varied collection of intervention approaches with widespread use across ages, severity levels, and populations proven interventions in three categories: direct speech production, broader contexts such as perceptual intervention, and speech movements clear explanations of the evidence behind the approaches so SLPs can evaluate them accurately contributions by well-known experts in SSDs from across the US, Canada, Australia, and the UK
An essential core text for pre-service SLPs—and an important professional resource for practicing SLPs, early interventionists, and special educators—this book will help readers make the best intervention decisions for children with speech sound disorders.
Evidence-based intervention approaches—demonstrated in DVD clips—such as: minimal pairs perceptual intervention core vocabulary stimulability treatment intervention for developmental dysarthria the psycholinguistic approach
Interventions for Speech Sound Disorders in Children is a part of the Communication and Language Intervention Series
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Hill, Mathias [Verfasser], and Ingo [Akademischer Betreuer] Krossing. "Direct fluorination in mini and microreactors = Direkte Fluorierung in Mini- und Mikroreaktoren." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1115494619/34.
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Lampropoulou, Sofia. "The use of direct speech in Greek youth storytelling:constructing (gender) identities through direct speech." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514459.
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Finateu, Thomas. "A direct digital retransmitter based on phase-interpolar direct digital synthesizer and injection locking." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13671/document.
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Cette thèse présente un émetteur radio-fréquences, composé d’un synthétiseur numérique de fréquences, lui-même construit autour d’un sigma delta et d’un interpolateur de phase, ainsi que d’un oscillateur verrouillé par injection. Le synthétiseur numérique direct génère des fréquences de 400 à 500 MHz avec une résolution fréquentielle d’au moins 60 Hz. L’oscillateur verrouillé par injection, quand à lui, transpose ces fréquences dans la bande Bluetooth en assurant une multiplication de fréquences par 5. De plus, l’oscillateur verrouillé filtre le bruit de phase du signal d’injection jusqu’à récupérer celui de l’oscillateur libre. La bande passante de l’oscillateur verrouillé par injection peut être programmée numériquement. Cet émetteur a été développée dans une technologie CMOS 65 nmThis Ph.D dissertation presents a radio-frequency transmitter, made of a direct digital frequency synthesizer, built around a sigma delta and a phase interpolator, and an injection locked oscillator. The direct digital synthesizer generates frequencies between 400 and 500 MHz with a frequency resolution better than 60 Hz. On the other hand, the injection locked oscillator up-converts synthesizer output up to the Bluetooth band by multiplying frequencies by 5. Moreover, the locked oscillator filters injected signal phase noise up to recover the one of the free running oscillator. The locked oscillator bandwidth can be tuned digitally. This transmitter has been developed on 65-nm CMOS technology
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Farr, Fabian. "Determinants of foreign direct investment and foreign direct investment in agriculture in developing countries." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36241.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Understanding determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Agricultural Foreign Direct Investment (AGFDI) is vital to policy makers in developing countries. FDI is a source of capital for the host country that does not affect its debt balance. Even so, technological spillover, better infrastructure as well as an increase in value added and market access have been the source of motivation to increase efforts to attract FDI. As for AGFDI, ongoing uncertainty with the financial markets created a shift in private investment towards tangible assets, which favors AGFDI to developing countries. Nevertheless, investment in agriculture suffers from low commodity prices and increasing productivity loss that discourage FDI and AGFDI. Therefore, it is crucial for policy makers to understand the determinants of AGFDI to create an attractive environment for potential investors. We use country level panel data to estimate the impacts of country-level economic and social variables on FDI and AGFDI. The data consist of 22 developing countries. A subsample of 13 Latin American countries is also studied. Country and year fixed effects are used to isolate the impacts of the explanatory variables on FDI and AGFDI. The explanatory variables wer constructed to avoid contemporaneous endogeneity. FDI determinants are consistent with previous studies and confirm traditional variables such as economy size, infrastructure and trade openness encourage FDI. A new variable that measures energy imports as a share of total energy use was negative for both main samples of FDI. The results of the Latin American panel for AGFDI, were mostly consistent with FDI determinants. Infrastructure, energy imports and economy size, as well as forestland share and agricultural value-add were statistically significant for the amount of investment inflow and total flow respectively. Further analysis with larger samples is necessary to confirm findings. Also, social and environmental impacts of AGFDI should be included in future studies.
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Sivertsen, Victoria. "Direct Charging of a Solar Thermal Battery : Direkte soloppvarming av et termisk batteri." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24286.
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Direct illumination of a thermal storage from a concentrating solar collector can be used to charge a phase change material (PCM) for the purpose of storing heat for cooking. Top illumination can be achieved by a double reflecting system to avoid any dangers of expansion from heating the storage from the bottom.An experimental investigation of the double reflecting system has been conducted at the lab of the Department of Energy and Process. The main purpose of the experiments was to be able to conduct an efficiency measurement of the system’s ability to charge the heat storage. A double reflective solar concentrator with a heat storage has been instrumented and made ready for testing. Two tests of the full system with direct illumination of the heat storage by the sun have been conducted. Temperature measurements were done by thermocouples in the heat storage and on the secondary reflector, and a thermal camera was used to monitor the temperature of the top plate of the heat storage. The tests were not satisfactory in that they did not succeed to melt the phase change material (PCM) in the storage, and an efficiency measurement could not be concluded. The reflective film was as a result of these tests changed to reflective aluminium tiles for a better performance. Additional tests with a thin absorber plate of carbon steel were then conducted, since the sun was now too low on the sky to allow a complete test. The focal point on the thin absorber plate reached temperatures above 300°C, and the focusing power of the system was promising. A test procedure for tracing a laser ray from a self-adjusting laser diode to the absorber by utilizing a Computer Numerical Control machine (CNC-machine) and a digital camera for automation has been developed and tested. Post processing of images acquired has been programmed in the Matlab programming software to crate intensity plots of the focal point of the double reflector. By means of a grid paper on the absorber plate, the focal point of the primary reflector was found for the reflective film and for the reflective aluminium tiles to be 665 mm and 662 mm respectively. The secondary reflectors optimal position to be able to focus the rays on to an absorber plate placed at the base of the primary reflector has been investigated by the new test procedure, and found to be 683 mm, with a separation distance between the two foci of 21 mm. A simple analysis of the double reflector in a Ray Tracing program gave a separation distance of around 20 mm.
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Florian, Baron Camilo. "Laser direct-writing for microfabrication." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400403.
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Digital manufacturing constitutes a real industrial revolution that is transforming the production processes from the early stages of research and development to mass production and marketing. The biggest difference in comparison with old fabrication methods is the possibility to perform changes in the pattern design just by using mouse clicks instead of modifying an already fabricated prototype, which results in faster, cheaper and more efficient fabrication processes. For example, new technologies enabling the production of printed electronic devices on flexible substrates and compatible with roll-to-roll processing methods would result in cheaper fabrication costs than the traditional batch processing of silicon wafers. Such fabrication methods comprise a series of processing steps which are applied to the substrates while they are moving on rolls in the fabrication line. Therefore, it is desired that the new technologies can work at high speeds allowing at the same time the production of miniaturized features.
Lasers are a versatile tool that can meet the demands of flexibility, speed, resolution and compatibility with roll-to-roll processing of digital manufacturing. The main advantages of laser radiation rely in its unique properties: high directionality, coherence and monochromaticity. The combination of such properties allows generating high intensities that can be focused into extremely small volumes, which makes lasers an ideal tool for the processing of materials at the micro- and nano-scale, not only as a subtractive but also as an additive technique.
Laser ablation is the best known subtractive technique and it consists in the irradiation of a material with a focused laser beam. In the case of working with transparent materials, surface ablation constitutes a serious challenge since it is necessary to develop new strategies that allow controlling the position where the energy is delivered to ensure that ablation really occurs in the surface without modifying the bulk material. On the other hand, lasers can also be used as additive tools. For example, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) allows the transfer of materials in both solid and liquid state with high spatial resolution. In spite of the extensive amount of research on LIFT, some challenges still remain. For instance, the understanding of the particular printing dynamics encountered during the high speed printing of liquids, or the problem of printing uniform, continuous and stable lines with high spatial resolution.
The objective of this thesis is to propose and implement feasible solutions to some of the challenges that are associated with both the subtractive and additive laser based techniques presented above. On one side, we study the laser ablation of transparent polymers using femtosecond laser pulses with the aim of achieving spatial resolutions that overcome the diffraction limit, and at the same time solving the problem of the required precise focusing of the laser beam on the materials surface. On the other side, we study the LIFT transfer dynamics during the high speed printing of liquids, and we propose alternative printing strategies to solve the inherent quality defects usually encountered during the formation of printed lines. Finally, two different approaches that are a combination of both subtractive and additive techniques are presented; we implement LIFT for the fabrication of liquid microlenses used for the surface nanopatterning of materials, and on the other side, we create fluidic guides by laser ablation for the printing of high quality continuous lines.La fabricació digital de dispositius tecnològics requereix el desenvolupament de noves i millors tècniques per al microprocessament de materials que al mateix temps siguin compatibles amb mètodes de producció en sèrie a gran escala com el roll-to-roll processing. Aquestes tècniques han de complir certs requisits relacionats amb la possibilitat de realitzar canvis de disseny ràpids durant el procés de fabricació, alta velocitat de processament, i al mateix temps permetre la producció de motius de forma controlada amb altes resolucions espacials. En la present tesi es proposen i implementen solucions viables a alguns dels reptes presents a la microfabricació amb làser tant substractiva com additiva. D'una banda, es presenta un nou mètode d'enfocament del feix làser sobre la mostra per l'ablació superficial de materials transparents que permet obtenir resolucions espacials que superen el límit de difracció del dispositiu òptic. D'altra banda, es duu a terme un estudi de la dinàmica de la impressió de líquids mitjançant làser a alta velocitat, de gran interès de cara a la implementació industrial de la tècnica. A més, es presenten estratègies d'impressió de tintes conductores amb l'objectiu de produir línies contínues amb alta qualitat d'impressió. Finalment s'inclouen dues propostes que són producte de la combinació d’ambues tècniques, la impressió de líquids i l'ablació amb làser.
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Barakat, Mohamed. "Functional spaces a direct approach /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963974971.
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Abel, Gary R. "Direct time resolution of sonoluminescence." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA276157.
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Thesis (M.S. in Physics) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1993.Thesis advisor(s): Xavier K. Maruyama, Anthony A. Atchley. "December 1993." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Joseph, Krishna Sathyamurthy. "Hybrid direct methanol fuel cells." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44777.
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A new type of fuel cell that combines the advantages of a proton exchange membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane fuel cells operated with methanol is demonstrated. Two configurations: one with a high pH anode and low pH cathode (anode hybrid fuel cell (AHFC)),and another with a high pH cathode and a low pH anode (cathode hybrid fuel cell (CHFC)) have been studied in this work. The principle of operation of the hybrid fuel cells were explained. The two different hybrid cell configurations were used in order to study the effect of the electrode fabrication on fuel cell performance. Further, the ionomer content and properties such as the ion exchange capacity and molecular weight were optimized for the best performance. A comparison of the different ionomers with similar properties is carried out in order to obtain the best possible ionomer for the fuel cell. An initial voltage drop was observed at low current density in the AHFC, this was attributed to the alkaline anode and the effect of the ionomers with the new cationic groups were studied on this voltage drop was studied. These ionomers with the different cationic groups were studied in the CHFC design as well. Finally, the use of non platinum catalyst cathode with the CHFC design was also demonstrated for the first time.
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Cetin, Selcan. "Direct Income Payments: Turkish Experience." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612441/index.pdf.
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In 2001, Turkey started an agricultural reform program which ended at the end of 2008. The major component of the reform program was to make the transfers decoupled from production. In this scope, direct income support (DIS) was the tool that has been used to reduce the price distortions. DIS received noteworthy criticisms since the first signs of it and now, even after it is over, the prejudice against DIS prevails in Turkey. On the other hand, Turkey&rsquos commitments to WTO&rsquo
s Agreement on Agriculture insist on replacing price supports with non-distortionary policy tools and its candidacy to the membership of the EU requires harmonizing its agricultural policy to the CAP which is shifting towards direct income payments. Criticisms against DIS in Turkey are determined in this thesis, grouped and analyzed by investigating official data to see whether the fears came true. There were both rational and irrational criticisms and consequently, they could not be justified and agricultural issues were not worse off in DIS years. Turkey will eventually have to implement direct income payments again due to both domestic and international forces. Therefore, it is essentially important to understand how it was implemented previously and which aspects of it were exposed to criticisms, and design future policies accordingly.
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Endriss, Cornelia, and Stefan Hinterwimmer. "Direct and indirect aboutness topics." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1964/.
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We propose a definition of aboutness topicality that not only encompasses individual denoting DPs, but also indefinites. We concentrate on the interpretative effects of marking indefinites as topics: they either receive widest scope in their clause, or they are interpreted in the restrictor of an overt or covert Q-adverb. We show that in the first case they are direct aboutness topics insofar as they are the subject of a predication expressed by the comment, while in the second case they are indirect aboutness topics: they define the subject of a higher-order predication – namely the set of situations that the respective Q-adverb quantifies over.
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Ståhl, Daniel, and Freddie Tydal. "Direct-EGR tillämpat på HCCI." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101174.
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The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is promising in terms of low NO x, low particulates and high efficiency. Due to its homogeneous charge, where the combustion starts almost simultaneously from a number of points in the combustion chamber, only lean mixtures are possible to burn because of the resulting rapid combustion, which is much faster than the combustion in an SI-engine or a diesel engine. When richer mixtures are used the combustion will start earlier and also be more violent. To phase the combustion later and lower the combustion speed, external cooled EGR can be used. The EGR-system used in this thesis uses a divided exhaust channel where one channel and its corresponding valve are used only for transporting EGR back to the intake system. Consequently the EGR-valve is connected to the intake pressure. This system is called Direct- EGR (D-EGR). Engine tests verified that the CA50 indeed is phased later when cooled EGR is used. The more cooled EGR that is available in the combustion chamber, the later the CA50 is phased. Hence power output of the HCCI-engine can be improved quite a bit when large EGR-rates are used, because of the possibility of increasing the injected fuel amount. Simulations in GT-Power were made to determine how the EGR-valve lift and exhaust valve lift should be made to transfer a certain amount of EGR with as good total efficiency as possible. The simulations showed that two different valve timing strategies should be used. Which one of the two strategies that should be used depends on the pressure difference between the intake and the exhaust as well as the engine speed. These valve timing strategies are called the Major lift strategy and the Minor lift strategy. To determine the efficiency of the D-EGR-system, a comparison with an ordinary external EGR system was carried out. The comparison showed that the D-EGR-system performs well, especially at high load and low engine speeds. At high engine speeds the increase in flow losses affects the performance in a negative way for the D-EGR-system. At low load the intake pressure may exceed the exhaust pressure, which makes it unbeneficial to do a part of the exhaust stroke with the EGR-valve open towards the higher intake pressure. In terms of transient response the D-EGR-system was proven to be fast, with a possibility to change the EGR-rate in just a couple of cycles.HCCI-motorn (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) är lovande då det gäller låga utsläpp av NO x, låga partikelutsläpp och hög verkningsgrad. På grund av dess homogena bränsleblandning, där förbränningen startar nästan samtidigt i ett antal punkter i förbränningsrummet, kan endast magra bränsleblandningar förbrännas med anledning av den snabba förbränningen, vilken är mycket snabbare än i en ottomotor eller dieselmotor. Om fetare bränsleblandningar förbränns startar förbränningen tidigare och blir våldsammare. För att fasa förbränningen senare och sänka förbränningshastigheten kan extern, kyld EGR användas. EGR-systemet som används i detta examensarbete använder sig av en delad avgaskanal, där den ena kanalen och ventilen används för att föra tillbaka EGR till insugssidan. EGR-ventilen öppnar alltså mot insugstrycket. Detta system kallas Direct-EGR (D-EGR). Motorprov verifierade att CA50 verkligen senareläggs då kyld EGR används. Ju mer kyld EGR som finns i förbränningsrummet, desto senare fasas CA50. Därmed kan effektuttaget i HCCImotorn höjas då stora EGR-mängder används på grund av möjligheten att spruta in en större mängd bränsle. Simuleringar i GT-Power kördes för att bestämma hur EGR-ventilen och avgasventilen skall lyftas för att föra tillbaka en viss mängd EGR med så god totalverkningsgrad som möjligt. Simuleringarna visade att två olika ventiltidsstrategier bör användas. Vilken av dessa strategier som skall användas beror på tryckskillnaden mellan insug och avgas samt motorvarvtalet. Dessa ventiltidsstrategier kallas Major lift strategy och Minor lift strategy. För att bestämma hur effektivt D-EGR-systemet är, genomfördes en jämförelse med ett externt EGR-system. Jämförelsen visade att D-EGR-systemet är ett väl fungerande system, speciellt vid hög last och lågt motorvarvtal. Vid höga motorvarvtal ökar strömningsförlusterna, vilket påverkar D-EGR-systemet på ett negativt sätt. Vid låg last kan insugstrycket överstiga avgastrycket, vilket gör det ogynnsamt att göra en del av avgasslaget med EGR-ventilen öppen mot det högre insugstrycket. När det gäller D-EGR-systemets transienta respons påvisades det att systemet är snabbt, med möjlighet att ändra EGR-mängd inom ett par cykler.
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Bryans, Joan Douglas. "Direct reference and belief attributions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30602.
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The aim of this dissertation is to provide a non-Fregean account of the functioning of belief attributions (BA's), specifically those of the form 'B believes that Fa' where 'a' is a proper name, which provides a satisfactory account of the phenomena associated with the substitution of co-referential names and with the use of vacuous names.
After an intitial study of non-Fregean theories of reference, specifically those of Kripke, Kaplan and Donnellan in which Kaplan's introduction of content, of the singular proposition, is found to be necessary, an examination of certain proposed solutions for BA's, compatable with direct reference, is carried out. These proposals, namely those of Quine, Perry and Nathan Salmon, are all found wanting, the latter two due to their being, ultimately, Fregean.
A non-Fregean approach is initiated beginning with an examination of our actual practices in using BA's. It is found that very different information can be conveyed by the use of the same sentence in the same context. While this differing information cannot be captured by means of the proposition expressed, it can be captured by treating the BA as an answer to a question. Belnap's logic of questions and answers is then developed to encompass vacuous terms and, with this in place, two distinct uses of BA's emerge. In one, the BA is used to provide a direct answer to the question; in the other it is used in order to modify the claim to truth of the embedded proposition, to provide a tentative answer.
Problematic cases of BA's are then examined. It is found that substitution in all cases is permissible. Supposed difficulties with this position in the area of belief itself and with the explanation of action are discussed and resolved, the latter partly by means of the development and application of an account of 'why' questions and answers.
The use of vacuous names is then investigated and a difference noted between cases in which the BA is used to provide a tentative answer and those in which it constitutes a direct answer. In the former case, the use of a vacuous name results in no answer being given. However, given the nature of tentative answers, no problems specific to belief attributions are generated in such cases. In order to deal with cases where the vacuous name occurs in a BA asserted as a direct answer, Evans' account of pretend games is invoked, though modified to permit a possible world account of counterfactuals.Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate
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Boyle, Mark. "Database querying with direct manipulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24732.pdf.
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Gablonsky, Jörg M. "Modifications of the DIRECT Algorithm." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010521-153035.
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GABLONSKY, JÖRG MAXIMILIAN XAVER. Modifications of the DIRECTAlgorithm. (Under the direction of Carl Timothy Kelley.)This work presents improvements of a global optimization method for boundconstraint problems along with theoretical results. These improvements arestrongly biased towards local search. The global optimization method known asDIRECT was modified specifically for small-dimensional problems with few globalminima. The motivation for our work comes from our theoretical results regarding thebehavior of DIRECT. Specifically, we explain how DIRECT clusters its search neara global minimizer. An additional influence is our explanation of DIRECT'sbehavior for both constant and linear functions. We further improved the effectiveness of both DIRECT, and our modification, bycombining them with another global optimization method known as ImplicitFiltering. In addition to these improvements the methods were also extended tohandle problems where the objective function is defined solely on an unknownsubset of the bounding box. We demonstrate the increased effectiveness androbustness of our modifications using optimization problems from the natural gastransmission industry, as well as commonly used test problems from theliterature.
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Lundin, Palmerius Karljohan. "Direct Volume Haptics for Visualization." Doctoral thesis, Norrköping : Department of Science and Technology, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8771.
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Liu, Tianfu 1976. "Direct action in marine reinsurance." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29562.
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Marine reinsurance is an indemnity relationship in which the marine reinsurer indemnifies the insurance company for losses paid. When a primary insurance company becomes insolvent, there may be insufficient funds in the estate to pay claims in full and it may take several years to distribute such funds.For this reason, some insureds and third-party claimants seek to collect reinsurance proceeds directly from reinsurers (direct actions). However, The indemnity nature of the reinsurance agreement prohibits direct actions against reinsurers for reinsurance proceeds by insureds and other claimants. Under a marine reinsurance contract, the reinsurer does not assume the liability of the reinsured insurance company. In other words, the original insured cannot enforce his insurer's contract of reinsurance and is not a third-party beneficiary to that contract. Therefore, no privity exists between the reinsurer and the insured or persons claiming through him under the contract of reinsurance.
Absent an intent to benefit directly or create rights in insureds or other third parties, reinsurance proceeds are payable only to the reinsured insurance company or its domiciliary liquidator where the insurer becomes insolvent.
The insolvency of the reinsured does not affect this fundamental premise. Yet, in the face of this well-established principle of law, the original insured and other claimants still seek to recover themselves by making direct claims on the insolvent's reinsurers. The persistence in pursuing the variety of theories upon which the claimants have proceeded suggests a continuing unwillingness to accept the balancing of interests stay in liquidation statutes and the need for reinsurers to clearly settle their rights and obligations in reinsurance contracts.
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Forbes, Colin 1971. "Foreign direct investment in Venezuela." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33355.
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This paper analyzes the liberalization of Venezuela's foreign direct investment (FDI) laws. In the past, Venezuela placed tough restrictions upon the entry and operation of foreign investment. These restrictions were made possible as long as petroleum prices remained high and the country had access to cheap international bank loans. The debt crisis in the 1980s, a drop in commodity prices, and a decrease in international bank loans once again made FDI an attractive source of foreign capital. In order to attract greater FDI inflows, Venezuela began to liberalize its foreign investment laws in the mid-1980s. Despite these changes, FDI inflows into Venezuela have been erratic. This paper then discusses some of the adjustments Venezuela will have to make in order to attract greater foreign investment inflows, and ends with an examination of how the country can maximize FDI's contribution to its economic development.
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Maggiotti, Virginie. "Direct biocatalytic asymmetric aldol reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275468.
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Al-Khalifa, Lobna Ali Abdulla. "Foreign direct investment in Bahrain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483707.
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Johnson, Benjamin Thomas. "The Semi-Direct Aerosol Effect." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654489.
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Nguyen, Long. "DIRECT MANIPULATION OF VIRTUAL OBJECTS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2898.
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Interacting with a Virtual Environment (VE) generally requires the user to correctly perceive the relative position and orientation of virtual objects. For applications requiring interaction in personal space, the user may also need to accurately judge the position of the virtual object relative to that of a real object, for example, a virtual button and the user's real hand. This is difficult since VEs generally only provide a subset of the cues experienced in the real world. Complicating matters further, VEs presented by currently available visual displays may be inaccurate or distorted due to technological limitations. Fundamental physiological and psychological aspects of vision as they pertain to the task of object manipulation were thoroughly reviewed. Other sensory modalities--proprioception, haptics, and audition--and their cross-interactions with each other and with vision are briefly discussed. Visual display technologies, the primary component of any VE, were canvassed and compared. Current applications and research were gathered and categorized by different VE types and object interaction techniques. While object interaction research abounds in the literature, pockets of research gaps remain. Direct, dexterous, manual interaction with virtual objects in Mixed Reality (MR), where the real, seen hand accurately and effectively interacts with virtual objects, has not yet been fully quantified. An experimental test bed was designed to provide the highest accuracy attainable for salient visual cues in personal space. Optical alignment and user calibration were carefully performed. The test bed accommodated the full continuum of VE types and sensory modalities for comprehensive comparison studies. Experimental designs included two sets, each measuring depth perception and object interaction.
The first set addressed the extreme end points of the Reality-Virtuality (R-V) continuum--Immersive Virtual Environment (IVE) and Reality Environment (RE). This validated, linked, and extended several previous research findings, using one common test bed and participant pool. The results provided a proven method and solid reference points for further research. The second set of experiments leveraged the first to explore the full R-V spectrum and included additional, relevant sensory modalities. It consisted of two full-factorial experiments providing for rich data and key insights into the effect of each type of environment and each modality on accuracy and timeliness of virtual object interaction. The empirical results clearly showed that mean depth perception error in personal space was less than four millimeters whether the stimuli presented were real, virtual, or mixed. Likewise, mean error for the simple task of pushing a button was less than four millimeters whether the button was real or virtual. Mean task completion time was less than one second. Key to the high accuracy and quick task performance time observed was the correct presentation of the visual cues, including occlusion, stereoscopy, accommodation, and convergence. With performance results already near optimal level with accurate visual cues presented, adding proprioception, audio, and haptic cues did not significantly improve performance. Recommendations for future research include enhancement of the visual display and further experiments with more complex tasks and additional control variables.Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering PhD
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Cook, Benjamin. "Direct Reference and Empty Names." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/944.
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The purpose of my thesis is to explore and assess recent efforts by Direct Reference Theorists to explain the phenomenon of empty names. Direct Reference theory is, roughly, the theory that the meaning of a singular term (proper name, demonstrative, etc.) is simply its referent. Certain sentences, such as negative existentials ("Santa does not exist"), and sentences in contexts of fiction ("Holmes lived on Baker Street"), present the following challenge to DR Theory: Given that the semantic value of a name is simply its referent, how are we to explain the significance and truth-evaluability of such sentences? There have been various approaches DR Theorists have taken to address this problem, including the Pragmatic Strategy, Pretense Theory, Abstract Object Theory, and the Metalinguistic Strategy. All of these views are analyzed and assessed according to their various strengths and weaknesses. It is concluded that, overall, a Metalinguistic Strategy, supplemented by the notion of pretense, best deals with negative existentials and normal-subject predicate occurrences of empty names, Abstract Object Theory best deals with empty names in meta-fictional contexts, and Pretense Theory best deals with empty names in object-fictional contexts.B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
Philosophy
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Brine, A. "Direct sequence data transmission systems." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379274.
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Duffield, Roger John. "Direct atomisation furnace atomic absorption." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236310.
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Akhtar, Mohammad Hanif. "Foreign direct investment in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365864.
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Tay, Bee Yen. "Continuous direct ink jet printing." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1560.
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This thesis describes the preparation and continuous printing of zirconia ink under different conditions, as well as the development of silver inks, for the same purpose. The dispersion of sub-micrometer zirconia powder in industrial methylated spirit using other additives such as dispersant and binder was investigated with different mixing methods and at varying powder and binder contents. The use of high shear mixing by triple roll milling followed by ultrasonic disruption as well as adequate sedimentation and filtration produced a homogeneous and stable ink of 2.5 vol. % ZrO2. The ink could be printed directly and continuously on a commercial jet printer without interruption of any kind and the phenomena occurring during printing were investigated. The optimum modulation frequency for printing was determined with the generation of pear-shaped and symmetrical droplets. Printing was made on substrates of surface free energies lower and higher than the surface tension of the Zr02 ink. Powder migration was observed within a relic of the printed dot on the second type of substrate. Layers were also overprinted on the second type of substrate by varying the following: print resolution, printing interval, print area, drying conditions and ink powder loading. These series of prints were accompanied by the appearance of ridges, spattering and non-vertical walls and the effects were investigated. The wettability and shrinkage of droplets of the ceramic ink was also studied in-situ by monitoring the evolution of contact angle, width of ink-substrate interface and droplet height with a video camera. The shape of the droplet experienced different dynamics on different types of substrate. Lastly, the sedimentation behaviour of ethanol-based silver inks dispersed with different types of dispersant was investigated with respect to the sediment volume and half-value time. Deflocculated ink was obtained at a low dispersant level and powder loading.
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Stenhouse, Henry G. "Direct bonding dissimilar optical materials." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/420653/.
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This thesis presents the work conducted during this project on direct bonding of dissimilar optical materials at the Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton. It covers the history and background of the art, before progressing to the development of unique bonding processes used during the research detailed. During this project, direct bonding using chemical and plasma activation is successfully conducted on both amorphous and crystalline materials. Bonding of borosilicate glass is demonstrated in the production of planar structured fibre preforms to be caned. Development of Nd:YAG to sapphire bonds is reported, producing bonds of remarkable resilience, capable of surviving dicing and polishing procedures. Zinc selenide to diamond and sapphire bonding is presented using a plasma activated approach along with investigation of the resulting bond’s limits, demonstrating the heat spreading benefits of a bonded diamond layer.
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Franzén, Johan. "FrankZlicer : Direct slicing using arcs." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36021.
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3D printing a CAD modelnormally requires conversion into a polygon mesh, usually an STL-file, in orderto be able to load the model in the slicer. This conversion destroys roundsurfaces and replaces them with flat surfaces. Slicing a polygon mesh resultsin one or more polygons, consisting of a number of straight lines. This canaffect both dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness. Modern 3D-printerscan, in addition to straight lines, handle arcs. However, today’s commonslicers can not generate arcs as the input does not contain any curvedfeatures. This project aims at finding an alternative solution. By directslicing of CAD models the slices can contain arcs, and the slicer can producearc commands for the 3D-printer. During this project a prototype slicer isconstructed as a proof of concept. The prototype handles STEP-files as inputand creates both linear and circular movement for the 3D-printer. The resultsshow that both the intermediate files (STEP/STL) and the resulting G-code filescan get smaller, yet preserving the original shape, by using this method. Theproposed solution has a positive effect on the 3D-printing workflow as well, asthe intermediate files can be imported back into the CAD system. The projectconcludes that there is possibly a bright future for direct slicing, but thereare more problems to solve before it can become reality.
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Kunpalin, Angkana. "Foreign direct investment in Thailand." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568369.
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This study of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Thailand fills a gap since no such studies exist for Thailand. After an introduction to Thailand's economy, the thesis presents a brief survey of the theories of FDI with reference to the less-developed countries. It is followed by a study of the country-wise and sector-wise pattern of FDI in Thailand. The next two chapters carry out empirical tests of the capital-intensity hypothesis and the raw-material availability hypothesis respectively. Both the hypotheses are found to be statistically acceptable in the case of Thailand. This is followed by a simple test of the tariff-jumping hypothesis which does not explain FDI in Thailand. This should be viewed with caution as only nominal rates (as opposed to effective rates of protection) are used. Then, a test of a joint hypothesis (capital intensity, raw-material availability, and tariff rates) confirms the relative prominence of the capital- intensity hypothesis. The relative wage-cost hypothesis (i.e., Thai wage-rates relative to the Japanese and West German wage-rates) is found to be statistically unacceptable in the case of Thailand. lastly, welfare effects of FDI are examined. A brief survey of the literature and a critical appraisal have been presented. So far as Thailand is concerned, the general weight of the various arguments leans to the conclusion that foreign direct investments have ameliorative effects. This conclusion is based on (i) an analytical examination of the welfare implications of Thailand's over-all pattern of FDI, (ii) a statistical analysis of the macroeconomic effects, (iii) an analysis of the environmental issues by examining the chemical properties of the products produced by foreign firms in the Chemical Sector, and (iv) a study of the desired pattern of investment in the Thai economy as envisaged in the Five Year Plans and the ex post sectoral pattern of FDI.
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Shan, Yunhai. "Direct current hybrid vacuum breaker." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24306.
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Hybrid DC circuit breaker switching techniques have been proposed for use in multi-terminal HVDC networks, to create an efficient, reliable and controllable system. There are two DC hybrid switching techniques. The first is arc interruption based on current oscillation. The second is interruption without an arc, like with a voltage commutation approach. The main difference is whether or not the interruption mechanism deals with the arc. Interrupting the arc not only causes erosion of the electrode surface, therefore reducing useful lifetime, but also introduces uncertainty to the process of successful interruption. This thesis therefore focuses on determination of the best switching technique for HVDC applications. To highlight the advantages of interruption without an arc, this thesis uses a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) as the main breaker to investigate arc effects on interruption performance, when employing a forced current commutation method. The vacuum arc characteristics are detailed, thereby giving the VCB operation understanding needed. The VCB opening time is reduced from approximately 50ms to 13ms by employing a coil DC activation method. This allows the coil counter-EMF to be observed and utilised to optimally trigger the auxiliary commutation circuit. An active commutation test circuit is proposed, and in simulation and experimentally, the VCB interruption properties are investigated in terms of varied interruption current, di/dt, dvVCB/dt, and gap distance. Experimental results elicit that the key parameters determining arc interruption probability is di/dt, where even if dvVCB/dt is low, successful interruption become impossible if di/dt is above a certain level. By analysing the post-arc current based on its electrical behaviour, the reason why di/dt and dvVCB/dt dominate successful interruption probability is explained. A cascaded commutation circuit is proposed, and its validity is confirmed by simulation and experimentally, showing the interruption probability is improved compared to the test circuit, even with small circuit inductance.
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Maria, Marreiros Filipe Miguel. "Real-Time Direct Volume Rendering." Thesis, Universidade do Algarve, Vision Laboratory, Portugal, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131375.
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The goal of this project is to create a software application that permits the visualizationof 3D sampled scalar data, also known as Volume Data, using a technique calledDirect Volume Rendering (DVR). This technique allows the creation of an image thatrepresents the entire data set, including the visualization of the interior of the volume,i.e., not just the surface. The drawback of this technique is the tremendous storageand processing requirement, since it needs the entire volume information in order togenerate the image. In order to generate this image one of the DVR algorithms waschosen: the Ray-Casting algorithm. The software allows the user to interact with the volume, changing the colour andthe opacity, the illumination and rotation, among other things. Volume rotations canbe done in real-time, the other changes are incorporated in a pre-processing step.To be able to achieve real-time volume rotations, the Ray-Casting algorithm wasoptimized and parallelized. To speed up even more the frame rate, a different versionof the parallel algorithm was developed, called the interactive mode, which sacrificessome image quality. he Message Passing Interface (MPI) was used as a tool for the parallelization.The software was developed and tested on the Beowulf cluster “Calhau”. This clusterallows a real-time rotation of large volumes, up to 256^3 voxels.
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Alismail, Hatem. "Direct Pose Estimation and Refinement." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/754.
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We study a fundamental question in pose estimation from vision-only video data: should the pose of a camera be determined from fixed and known correspondences? Or should correspondences be simultaneously estimated alongside the pose? Determining pose from fixed correspondences is known as feature-based, where wellestablished tools from projective geometry are utilized to formulate and solve a plethora of pose estimation problems. Nonetheless, in degraded imaging conditions such as low light and blur, reliably detecting and precisely localizing interest points becomes challenging. Conversely, estimating correspondences alongside motion is known as the direct approach, where image data are used directly to determine geometric quantities without relying on sparse interest points as an intermediate representation. The approach is in general more precise by virtue of redundancy as many measurements are used to estimate a few degreesof- freedom. However, direct methods are more sensitive to changes in illumination. In this work, we combine the best of the feature-based approaches with the precision of direct methods. Namely, we make use of densely and sparsely evaluated local feature descriptors in a direct image alignment framework to address pose estimation in challenging conditions. Applications include tracking planar targets under sudden and drastic changes in illumination as well as visual odometry in poorly-lit subterranean mines. Motivated by the success of the proposed approach, we introduce a novel formulation for the joint refinement of pose and structure across multiple views akin to feature-based bundle adjustment (BA). In contrast to minimizing the reprojection error using BA, initial estimates are refined such that the photometric consistency of their image projections is maximized without the need for correspondences. The fundamentally different technique is evaluated on a range of datasets and is shown to improve upon the accuracy of the state-of-the-art in vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM).
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Cosgrove, Sebastian Cronin. "Direct photochemical amination of aromatics." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17796/.
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The formation of aromatic carbon to nitrogen bonds is one of the most important processes used in the chemical industry. It is prevalent in many biologically-relevant molecules such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. A modified Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag reaction, which allowed the direct functionalisation of aromatic C-H bonds using N-haloamines under UV-irradiation in highly acidic media, was first reported by Bock et al. in 1965.1 The reported conditions used concentrated sulfuric acid as solvent and demonstrated a minimal substrate scope. Here, it has been shown that UV-irradiation of N-chloroamines with 10 equivalents of methanesulfonic acid in DCM allows for the intramolecular amination of unfunctionalised aryl C-H bonds to form tetrahydroquinolines. These novel conditions have been extended to 30 examples including in a concise synthesis of the alkaloid natural product angustureine. Furthermore, studies have helped elucidate a potential mechanism of the reaction and led to the discovery of a 1,2-alkyl migration reaction. The reaction has also been shown to work in a continuous photochemical reactor. This was extended to work in a two-stage reactor where amines were chlorinated and reacted in situ to form tetrahydroquinolines directly. Some of the substrates produced with the photochemical methodology have been tested in enzymatic deracemizations using genetically modified monoamine oxidase enzymes. Whilst modest activity was observed for a series of N-substituted tetrahydroquinolines, a group of natural products containing N-unsubstituted tetrahydroquinoline cores were successfully deracemized, with ee’s as high as 90% obtained.
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Hugh-Jones, David. "Papers on direct democratic institutions." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502177.
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