Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct tensile strength

Academic literature on the topic 'Direct tensile strength'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Direct tensile strength"

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Liu, Jie, Gangyuan Jiang, Taoying Liu, and Qiao Liang. "The Influence of Loading Rate on Direct and Indirect Tensile Strengths: Laboratory and Numerical Methods." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 29, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3797243.

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To investigate different responses of direct and indirect tensile strengths to loading rate, direct and indirect tension tests were performed on sandstone, rust stone, and granite specimens. Typical load curves indicate that a peak tensile stress frequently appears before the second peak stress, used to calculate the tensile strength in indirect tension tests. As expected, increase in the loading rate increases the tensile strength. In addition, the calculated tensile strengths of the indirect tension tests are frequently higher. Interestingly, the increase ratio of the tensile strength with the increase in the loading rate in indirect tension tests is higher. To verify the above results, crack propagation and stress evolution in direct and indirect tension tests were dynamically monitored using PFC 3D. For direct tension tests, specimens fail at the peak tension point, corresponding to the tensile strength. However, for indirect tension tests, minor cracks, composing of continuous microcracks, form before the peak stress and accompany with the decreased slope of the compression curve. At the peak point, tensile stresses significantly concentrate at the crack tips and further cause large-scale crack propagation. In addition, the initiation stress instead of the peak tensile stress is closer to the tensile strength, obtained from the direct tests for the same loading rate.
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Liao, Wen-Cheng, Po-Shao Chen, Chung-Wen Hung, and Suyash Kishor Wagh. "An Innovative Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete by Applying the Strut-and-Tie Methodology." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122776.

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Tensile strength is one of the important mechanical properties of concrete, but it is difficult to measure accurately due to the brittle nature of concrete in tension. The three widely used test methods for measuring the tensile strength of concrete each have their shortcomings: the direct tension test equipment is not easy to set up, particularly for alignment, and there are no standard test specifications; the tensile strengths obtained from the test method of splitting tensile strength (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C496) and that of flexural strength of concrete (ASTM C78) are significantly different from the actual tensile strength owing to mechanisms of methodologies and test setup. The objective of this research is to develop a new concrete tensile strength test method that is easy to conduct and the result is close to the direct tension strength. By applying the strut-and-tie concept and modifying the experimental design of the ASTM C78, a new concrete tensile strength test method is proposed. The test results show that the concrete tensile strength obtained by this proposed method is close to the value obtained from the direct tension test for concrete with compressive strengths from 25 to 55 MPa. It shows that this innovative test method, which is precise and easy to conduct, can be an effective alternative for tensile strength of concrete.
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Kang, Su Tae, Jung Jun Park, Gum Sung Ryu, Gyung Taek Koh, and Sung Wook Kim. "Comparison of Tensile Strengths with Different Test Methods in Ultra High Strength Steel-Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHS-SFRC)." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.649.

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Ultra High Strength Steel-Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHS-SFRC) is characterized by very high compressive and tensile strength that is about 8 times of ordinary concrete, and high ductility owing to the addition of steel fibers. This paper investigates the relationship existing among the direct tensile strength, flexural tensile strength and splitting tensile strength of UHS-SFRC. Differently from ordinary concrete, it is found that the first cracking strengths in UHS-SFRC obtained through direct tensile test and splitting tensile test are similar, while the strength obtained from flexural tensile test is significantly larger than those from other tests. Based on the experimental results, relationships between the direct tensile strength and flexural tensile strength, between the first cracking strengths in direct tensile test and in flexural tensile test, and between the first cracking strength in direct tensile test and the flexural tensile strength are proposed.
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Li, Xiao Fen, and Ping Ren. "Experimental Research on Tensile Strength of Premixed Concrete at Early Ages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.687.

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The splitting tensile method for the tensile strength of concrete is usually used in structural applications, so it is great important in the investigating the relation between the direct tensile strength and the splitting strength. But the relationship between the splitting strength and the direct tensile strength is not consolidatly confirmed at home and abroad. In order to obtain the exact results, the experimental apparatus for concrete of the direct tension are designed, which resolves the difficulty of ensuring that the load is truly axial. Tests of the direct tension are performanced on three different concrete mixes (C20,C40,C60) at 3, 7, 14 , 28 and 60 days and the test data do not scatter. The relations between the tensile strength and the cube compressive strength are obtained and a formula for investigating the relation between the direct tensile strength and the splitting strength are proposed.
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Khan, Mohammad Iqbal. "Direct Tensile Strength Measurement of Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.9.

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The evaluation of the tensile strength and determination of the tensile stress-strain curve using indirect tests becomes approximate hence there is a necessity for exploring direct tensile strength measurement. This investigation is part of ongoing research on the development of direct tensile strength measurement. In this paper direct tensile strength test has been proposed and the results obtained have been compared with compressive strength and flexural strength. It has been found that results obtained are well comparable and relationships are similar to that proposed in earlier findings.
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Gao, Min, Zhengzhao Liang, Shanpo Jia, and Jiuqun Zou. "Tensile Properties and Tensile Failure Criteria of Layered Rocks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 6063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126063.

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Rocks are less resistant to tension than to compression or shear. Tension cracks commonly initiate compression or shear failure. The mechanical behavior of layered rocks under compression has been studied extensively, whereas the tensile behavior still remains uncertain. In this paper, we study the effect of layer orientation on the strength and failure patterns of layered rocks under direct and indirect tension through experimental and numerical testing (RFPA2D: numerical software of Rock Failure Process Analysis). The results suggest that the dip angle of the bedding planes significantly affects the tensile strength, failure patterns, and progressive deformation of layered rocks. The failure modes of the layered specimens indicate that the tensile strength obtained by the Brazilian disc test is not as accurate as that obtained by the direct tension test. Therefore, the modified Single Plane of Weakness (MSPW) failure criterion is proposed to predict the tensile strength of the layered rocks based on the failure modes of direct tension. The analytical predictions of the MSPW failure criterion agrees closely with the experimental and numerical results. In rock engineering, the MSPW failure criterion can conveniently predict the tensile strength and reflect the failure modes of layered rocks (such as shale, slate, and layered sandstone) with satisfactory accuracy.
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He, Xi Xi, and Ping Fang. "Influence of Concrete Strength Grade and Age on Three Tensile Strengths." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.179.

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Uniaxial tensile strength is one of the important strength parameters of concrete. In this study, two test methods were applied to determine direct tensile strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of fly ash concrete specimens with the same cross section and different strength grades. Relationship among the uniaxial tensile, splitting tensile and flexural strength of concrete were researched. Furthermore, the influence of concrete strength and age to the three tensile strengths were specifically analyzed in the paper.
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Gong, Fengqiang, Le Zhang, and Shanyong Wang. "Loading Rate Effect of Rock Material with the Direct Tensile and Three Brazilian Disc Tests." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (March 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6260351.

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A series of experimental tests were conducted to investigate the effects of loading rate on the tensile strength of sandstone by using four test methods, including a direct tensile method and three typical Brazilian disc methods (plate loading, circular arc loading, and strip loading). The loading rates used in these tests varied from 10−2 MPa/s to 100 MPa/s. The results show that the rate effects are clear for these test methods, and the tensile strength of sandstone will increase linearly with the logarithm of the loading rate. At the same loading rate, it is found that the tensile strengths of the sandstone specimens under plate loading and arc loading are relatively similar and are much greater than the direct tensile strength, while the tensile strength under strip loading is less than the direct strength. A comprehensive comparison suggested that the strip loading method can be adopted for the Brazilian disc test, while the obtained strength should be modified with a coefficient of 1.37 to obtain the direct tensile strength.
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Zhu, Yu Ting, Dong Tao Xia, and Bo Ru Zhou. "Experimental Study on Axial Tensile Strength of Low Volume Fraction of Ternary Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.329.

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In this paper, according to the national standard and testing methods,the direct tension strength,splitting tensile strength and cubic compressive strength test were carried out for 8 different groups of hybrid fiber (containing steel fiber, macro-polypropylene fiber and dura fiber) reinforced HPC specimens.The results showed that when the volume proportion of ternary hybrid fiber was less than 1%, there was not obvious influence for the concrete compressive strength, but the splitting tensile strength increased by 26% ~ 69%; the ratio between splitting tensile strength and compressive strength for HFRC increased to 1/12~1/9. When added 0.7% steel fiber, 0.19% macro-polypropylene fiber and 0.11% dura fiber, the confounding effect was the best. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of tensile splitting strength and direct tensile strength test and the results of tests, the concept of equivalent tensile strength and calculative formula was put forward .
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Zhang, Shu, Yubin Lu, Xiquan Jiang, and Wei Jiang. "Inertial effect on concrete-like materials under dynamic direct tension." International Journal of Protective Structures 9, no. 3 (March 29, 2018): 377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618766156.

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The inertial effect on the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete-like materials has been widely concerned and its influence on the dynamic tensile strength is particularly controversial, causing great disturbance to dynamic measurement. Therefore, both the experimental and the numerical analyses on the tubular specimens of concrete-like materials are conducted to further investigate the degree of inertial effect under dynamic direct tension. The inertial effect is one of the structural effects, and therefore the tubular specimens with different inner diameters are employed to demonstrate the different influences of inertial effect on the dynamic tensile strength of concrete-like materials. The experimental and numerical results indicate that the inertial effect has some influence on dynamic tensile strength, which increases with strain rate. In addition, the surface area of concrete-like materials will be greatly affected by inertial effect under dynamic tensile loading.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct tensile strength"

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Zheng, Wei, and 鄭偉. "Shock vibration resistance and direct tensile strength of concrete." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242753.

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Zheng, Wei. "Shock vibration resistance and direct tensile strength of concrete." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23273124.

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Foster, Glenn C. "Tensile and Flexure Strength of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Direct Numerical Simulations and Analytic Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36688.

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A Local Load Sharing (LLS) model recently developed by Curtin and co-workers for the numerical simulation of tensile stress-strain behavior in fiber-reinforced composites is used to predict the tensile strength of metal matrix composites consisting of a Titanium matrix and unidirectionally aligned SiC fibers. This model is extended to include the effects of free boundary conditions and non-constant load gradients and then used to predict the strength of a Ti-6Al-4V matrix reinforced with Sigma SiC fibers under 4-point flexure testing. The predicted tensile and flexure strengths agree very well with the values measured by Gundel and Wawner and Ramamurty et al. The composite strength of disordered spatial fiber distributions is investigated and is shown to have a distribution similar to the corresponding ordered composite, but with a mean strength that decreases (as compared to the ordered composite) with increasing Weibull modulus. A modified Batdorf-type analytic model is developed and similarly extended to the case of non-uniform loading to predict the strength of composites under tension and flexure. The flexure model is found to be inappropriate for application to the experimental materials, but the tensile model yields predictions similar to the Local Load Sharing models for the experimental materials. The ideas and predictions of the Batdorf-type model, which is essentially an approximation to the simulation model, are then compared in more detail to a simulation-based model developed by Ibnabdeljalil and Curtin to more generally assess the accuracy of the Batdorf model in predicting tensile strength and notch strength versus composite size and fiber Weibull modulus. The study shows the Batdorf model to be accurate for tensile strength at high Weibull moduli and to capture general trends well, but it is not quantitatively accurate over the full range of material parameters encountered in various fiber composite systems.
Master of Science
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MOORE, AMY M. "EVALUATION OF THE CURRENT RESISTANCE FACTORS FOR HIGH-STRENGTH BOLTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195432529.

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Kesawan, Sivakumar. "Fire performance and design of light gauge steel frame wall systems made of hollow flange sections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120153/1/Kesawan_Sivakumar_Thesis.pdf.

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Load bearing Light Gauge Steel Frame (LSF) wall system is a cold-formed steel structure made of cold-formed steel studs and lined on both sides by gypsum plasterboards. In recent times its use and demand in the building industry has significantly increased due to their advantages such as light weight, acoustic performance, aesthetic quality of finished wall, ease of fabrication and rapid constructability. Fire Resistant Rating (FRR) of these walls is given more attention due to the increasing number and severity of fire related accidents in residential buildings that have caused significant loss of lives and properties. LSF walls are commonly made of conventional lipped channel section studs lined with fire resistant gypsum plasterboards on both sides. Recently, greater attention has been given to innovative cold-formed steel sections such as hollow flange sections due to their improved structural efficiency. The reliance on expensive and time consuming full scale fire tests, and the complexity involved in predicting the fire performance of LSF wall studs due to their thin-walled nature and their exposure to non-uniform temperature distributions in fire on one side, have been the main barriers in using different cold-formed steel stud sections in LSF wall systems. This research overcomes this and proposes the new hollow flange section studs as vertical load bearing elements in LSF wall systems based on a thorough investigation into their fire (structural and thermal) performance using full scale fire tests and extensive numerical studies. Test wall frames made of hollow flange section studs were lined with fire resistant gypsum plasterboards on both sides, and were subjected to increasing temperatures as given by the standard fire curve in AS 1530.4 (SA, 2005) on one side. Both uninsulated and cavity insulated walls were tested with varying load ratios from 0.2 to 0.6. LiteSteel Beam (LSB), a welded hollow flange section, which was available in the industry was used to fabricate the test wall panels. Axial deformations and lateral displacements along with the time-temperature profiles of the steel stud and plasterboard surfaces were measured. Five full scale tests were performed, and the test results were compared with those of LSF walls made of lipped channel section studs, which proved the superior fire performance of LSF walls made of hollow flange section studs. The reasons for the superior fire performance are presented in this thesis. The effects of load ratio and plasterboard joint on the fire performance of LSF walls and temperature distribution across the stud cross-sections were identified. Improved plasterboard joints were also proposed. The elevated temperature mechanical properties of cold-formed steels appear to vary significantly as shown by past research. LSBs were manufactured using a combined cold-forming and electric resistance welding process. Elevated temperature mechanical properties of LSB plate elements are unknown. Therefore an experimental study was undertaken to determine the elevated temperature mechanical properties of LSB plate elements. Based on the test results and previous researchers' proposed values, suitable predictive equations were proposed for the elastic modulus and yield strength reduction factors and stress-strain models of LSB web and flange elements. Uninsulated and insulated 2D finite element models of LSF walls were developed in SAFIR using GiD as a pre- and post processor to predict the thermal performance under fire conditions. A new set of apparent thermal conductivity values was proposed for gypsum plasterboards for this purpose. These models were then validated by comparing the time-temperature profiles of stud and plasterboard surfaces with corresponding experimental results. The developed models were then used to conduct an extensive parametric study. Uninsulated and insulated LSF walls with superior fire performances were also proposed. Finite element models of tested walls were also developed and analysed under both transient and steady state conditions to predict the structural performance under fire conditions using ABAQUS. In these analyses, the measured elevated temperature properties of LSB plate elements were used to improve their accuracy. Finite element analysis results were compared with fire test results to validate the developed models. Following this, a detailed finite element analysis based study was conducted to investigate the effects of stud dimensions such as web depths and thicknesses, elevated temperature mechanical properties, types of wall configurations, stud section profiles, plasterboards to stud connections and realistic design fire curves on the fire performance of LSF walls. It was also shown that the commonly used critical temperature method is not appropriate in determining the FRR of LSF walls. Gunalan and Mahendran's (2013) design rules based on AS/NZS 4600 (SA, 2005), and Eurocode 3 Part 1.3 (ECS, 2006) were further improved to predict the structural capacity of hollow flange section studs subjected to non-uniform temperature distributions caused by fire on one side. Two improved methods were proposed and they predicted the FRRs with a reasonable accuracy. Direct Strength Method (DSM) based design rules were then established and they also predicted the FRR of LSF walls made of hollow flange section studs accurately. Finally, spread sheet based design tools were developed based on the proposed design rules. Overall, this research has developed comprehensive fire performance data of LSF walls made of hollow flange section studs, accurate design rules to predict their fire rating and associated design tools. Thus it has enabled the use of innovative hollow flange sections as studs in LSF wall systems. Structural and fire engineers can now use these tools to undertake complex calculations of determining the structural capacities and fire rating of hollow flange section studs subjected to non-uniform temperature distributions, and successfully design them for safe and efficient use in LSF walls of residential and office buildings.
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Izzularab, Mohamed. "Repartition du potentiel electrique le long d'une surface isolante polluee soumise a des decharges : application a l'etude des isolateurs ht pour reseaux de transport a courant continu." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30087.

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Etude du contournement des isolateurs pour ligne h. T. C. C. Etude graphique de la tension disruptive en fonction de la longueur de decharge. Conception des isolateurs a l'aide de modeles unidimensionnels permettant de definir un nouveau facteur de forme. Calcul numerique de la distribution du potentiel sur des isolateurs pollues ou givres
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Islam, Mohammad Momeen Ul. "Investigation of tensile creep and tension stiffening behaviour for Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC)." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120660.

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Ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) has improved properties over conventional concrete, such as high tensile strength, greater compressive strength and enhanced post cracking characteristics. The steel fibers in UHPFRC are recognized as providing resistance to crack widening in tension zones because of the fibers bridge adjacent cracks, which consequently enhances the tensile performance. Although, UHPFRC is capable of resisting the induced tensile stresses, it has still limitations under sustained tensile loads. It is also not well understood whether these characteristics would resist the induced tensile stress over a longer period or if they would leave the serviceability of the structure at risk. Therefore, the research presented in this study is concerned with the time-dependent tensile behaviour of UHPFRC. The present study comprises of an experimental program based on the application of newly developed test rigs, preparation of the test specimens and investigations into the test results. The aims seek to provide an understanding of the instantaneous and time-dependent tensile behaviour of unreinforced and reinforced UHPFRC prisms. Instantaneous tensile tests were involved, applying axial tensile loads to UHPFRC prisms for both aged and unaged concrete. The time-dependent tensile behaviour of UHPFRC was investigated in terms of tensile creep and tension stiffening mechanisms under sustained tensile loads. The sustained tensile loads were considered as different percentages of cracking loads, such as 50% and 75% of the cracking loads of unreinforced UHPFRC specimens for the tensile creep test and 75%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of the cracking loads of reinforced UHPFRC specimens for the tension stiffening test. The cracking loads were determined from 28th day instantaneous tensile responses for both reinforced and unreinforced UHPFRC prisms. Two different test rigs were used to conduct the tensile creep and tension stiffening tests under sustained tensile loads. The rigs were modified to overcome the limitations identified through the critical literature review. The experimental results demonstrate that the tensile creep strain and tension stiffening mechanisms are greatly influenced by the shrinkage strain of UHPFRC. A significant portion of the measured total shrinkage was caused by autogenous shrinkage rather than drying shrinkage. The results demonstrate that higher sustained stress leads to higher tensile creep strain for the first 13 days, at a higher creep rate. Afterwards, the shrinkage strain dominates over the tensile creep strain. The extent of crack propagation and the deterioration of the bonds between the steel fibers and the cement matrix are also significantly affected by the sustained tensile loads.
Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2019
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Books on the topic "Direct tensile strength"

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Zydroń, Tymoteusz. Wpływ systemów korzeniowych wybranych gatunków drzew na przyrost wytrzymałości gruntu na ścinanie. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-46-5.

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The aim of the paper was to determine the influence of root systems of chosen tree species found in the Polish Flysch Carpathians on the increase of soil shear strength (root cohesion) in terms of slope stability. The paper's goal was achieved through comprehensive tests on root systems of eight relatively common in the Polish Flysch Carpathians tree species. The tests that were carried out included field work, laboratory work and analytical calculations. As part of the field work, the root area ratio (A IA) of the roots was determined using the method of profiling the walls of the trench at a distance of about 1.0 m from the tree trunk. The width of the. trenches was about 1.0 m, and their depth depended on the ground conditions and ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 m below the ground level. After preparing the walls of the trench, the profile was divided into vertical layers with a height of 0.1 m, within which root diameters were measured. Roots with diameters from 1 to 10 mm were taken into consideration in root area ratio calculations in accordance with the generally accepted methodology for this type of tests. These measurements were made in Biegnik (silver fir), Ropica Polska (silver birch, black locust) and Szymbark (silver birch, European beech, European hornbeam, silver fir, sycamore maple, Scots pine, European spruce) located near Gorlice (The Low Beskids) in areas with unplanned forest management. In case of each tested tree species the samples of roots were taken, transported to the laboratory and then saturated with water for at least one day. Before testing the samples were obtained from the water and stretched in a. tensile testing machine in order to determine their tensile strength and flexibility. In general, over 2200 root samples were tested. The results of tests on root area ratio of root systems and their tensile strength were used to determine the value of increase in shear strength of the soils, called root cohesion. To this purpose a classic Wu-Waldron calculation model was used as well as two types of bundle models, the so called static model (Fiber Bundle Model — FIRM, FBM2, FBM3) and the deformation model (Root Bundle Model— RBM1, RBM2, mRBM1) that differ in terms of the assumptions concerning the way the tensile force is distributed to the roots as well as the range of parameters taken into account during calculations. The stability analysis of 8 landslides in forest areas of Cicikowicleie and Wignickie Foothills was a form of verification of relevance of the obtained calculation results. The results of tests on root area ratio in the profile showed that, as expected, the number of roots in the soil profile and their ApIA values are very variable. It was shown that the values of the root area ratio of the tested tree species with a diameter 1-10 ram are a maximum of 0.8% close to the surface of the ground and they decrease along with the depth reaching the values at least one order of magnitude lower than close to the surface at the depth 0.5-1.0 m below the ground level. Average values of the root area ratio within the soil profile were from 0.05 to 0.13% adequately for Scots pine and European beech. The measured values of the root area ratio are relatively low in relation to the values of this parameter given in literature, which is probably connected with great cohesiveness of the soils and the fact that there were a lot of rock fragments in the soil, where the tests were carried out. Calculation results of the Gale-Grigal function indicate that a distribution of roots in the soil profile is similar for the tested species, apart from the silver fir from Bie§nik and European hornbeam. Considering the number of roots, their distribution in the soil profile and the root area ratio it appears that — considering slope stability — the root systems of European beech and black locust are the most optimal, which coincides with tests results given in literature. The results of tensile strength tests showed that the roots of the tested tree species have different tensile strength. The roots of European beech and European hornbeam had high tensile strength, whereas the roots of conifers and silver birch in deciduous trees — low. The analysis of test results also showed that the roots of the studied tree species are characterized by high variability of mechanical properties. The values Of shear strength increase are mainly related to the number and size (diameter) of the roots in the soil profile as well as their tensile strength and pullout resistance, although they can also result from the used calculation method (calculation model). The tests showed that the distribution of roots in the soil and their tensile strength are characterized by large variability, which allows the conclusion that using typical geotechnical calculations, which take into consideration the role of root systems is exposed to a high risk of overestimating their influence on the soil reinforcement. hence, while determining or assuming the increase in shear strength of soil reinforced with roots (root cohesion) for design calculations, a conservative (careful) approach that includes the most unfavourable values of this parameter should be used. Tests showed that the values of shear strength increase of the soil reinforced with roots calculated using Wu-Waldron model in extreme cases are three times higher than the values calculated using bundle models. In general, the most conservative calculation results of the shear strength increase were obtained using deformation bundle models: RBM2 (RBMw) or mRBM1. RBM2 model considers the variability of strength characteristics of soils described by Weibull survival function and in most cases gives the lowest values of the shear strength increase, which usually constitute 50% of the values of shear strength increase determined using classic Wu-Waldron model. Whereas the second model (mRBM1.) considers averaged values of roots strength parameters as well as the possibility that two main mechanism of destruction of a root bundle - rupture and pulling out - can occur at the same. time. The values of shear strength increase calculated using this model were the lowest in case of beech and hornbeam roots, which had high tensile strength. It indicates that in the surface part of the profile (down to 0.2 m below the ground level), primarily in case of deciduous trees, the main mechanism of failure of the root bundle will be pulling out. However, this model requires the knowledge of a much greater number of geometrical parameters of roots and geotechnical parameters of soil, and additionally it is very sensitive to input data. Therefore, it seems practical to use the RBM2 model to assess the influence of roots on the soil shear strength increase, and in order to obtain safe results of calculations in the surface part of the profile, the Weibull shape coefficient equal to 1.0 can be assumed. On the other hand, the Wu-Waldron model can be used for the initial assessment of the shear strength increase of soil reinforced with roots in the situation, where the deformation properties of the root system and its interaction with the soil are not considered, although the values of the shear strength increase calculated using this model should be corrected and reduced by half. Test results indicate that in terms of slope stability the root systems of beech and hornbeam have the most favourable properties - their maximum effect of soil reinforcement in the profile to the depth of 0.5 m does not usually exceed 30 kPa, and to the depth of 1 m - 20 kPa. The root systems of conifers have the least impact on the slope reinforcement, usually increasing the soil shear strength by less than 5 kPa. These values coincide to a large extent with the range of shear strength increase obtained from the direct shear test as well as results of stability analysis given in literature and carried out as part of this work. The analysis of the literature indicates that the methods of measuring tree's root systems as well as their interpretation are very different, which often limits the possibilities of comparing test results. This indicates the need to systematize this type of tests and for this purpose a root distribution model (RDM) can be used, which can be integrated with any deformation bundle model (RBM). A combination of these two calculation models allows the range of soil reinforcement around trees to be determined and this information might be used in practice, while planning bioengineering procedures in areas exposed to surface mass movements. The functionality of this solution can be increased by considering the dynamics of plant develop¬ment in the calculations. This, however, requires conducting this type of research in order to obtain more data.
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Ecklund, Elaine Howard, and Christopher P. Scheitle. Religious People Are Against Scientific Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190650629.003.0007.

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There is a myth that religious people do not like technology, whether it is the Internet, social media, or medical technologies. In fact, religious people’s concerns with many technologies mirror those of nonreligious people. As for social media, for instance, religious people fear what these technologies can do to relationships. And yet religious people support these technologies for the ways they can grow, strengthen, and connect communities of faith. While religious people are not unique in their concerns about many technologies, there are a few that concern religious people, in particular: reproductive genetic technologies (RGTs), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and human embryonic stem-cell (hESC) research. Biomedical technologies, specifically those related to “human enhancement,” tend to intersect directly with faith and can cause tension with religious groups. In other words, people of faith have theological concerns about these technologies because they seem to have implications for who God is and who human beings are and what it means to have a good life.
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Book chapters on the topic "Direct tensile strength"

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Le, An Hoang. "An Experimental Evaluation of Direct Tensile Strength for Ultra-high Performance Concrete." In RILEM Bookseries, 958–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83719-8_82.

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Kimura, F., S. Kadoya, and Y. Kajihara. "Cavity Pressure Dependence on Tensile-Shear Strength of Metal-Polymer Direct Joining." In Proceedings of the 38th International MATADOR Conference, 245–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64943-6_17.

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Davidson, J. L. "Direct Observations of the Elastic Modulus and Tensile Strength of CVD Diamond Films and Fibers." In Diamond Based Composites, 229–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5592-2_19.

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Li, Jia-Le, and Gao-Feng Zhao. "A numerical estimation on Dynamic Direct Tensile Strength (DDTS) of rock by introducing centrifugal field." In Rock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect, Volume 2, 20–24. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003359159-4.

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Chaduvula, Uma, B. V. S. Viswanadham, and Jayantha Kodikara. "Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Direct Tensile Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Black Cotton Soil." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 17–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4739-1_2.

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Ali, Shehroze, M. Neaz Sheikh, and Muhammad N. S. Hadi. "Splitting- and Direct-Tensile Strengths of Ambient Cured Geopolymer Concrete with Glass Fibers." In 8th International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, 109–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09632-7_13.

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"Tensile Testing of Ceramics and Ceramic-Matrix Composites." In Tensile Testing, 163–82. 2nd ed. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060163.

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Abstract This chapter describes tensile testing of advanced ceramic materials, a category that includes both noncomposite, or monolithic, ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs). The chapter presents four key considerations that must be considered when carrying out tensile tests on advanced monolithic ceramics and CMCs. These include effects of flaw type and location on tensile tests, separation of flaw populations, design strength and scale effects, and lifetime predictions and environmental effects. The chapter discusses the advantages, problems, and complications of four basic categories of tensile testing techniques as applied to ceramics and CMCs. These categories are true direct uniaxial tensile tests at ambient temperatures, indirect tensile tests, tests where failure is presumed to result from tensile stresses, and high-temperature tensile tests.
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"Determination of direct tensile strength and stiffness of intact rocks." In Rock Mechanics in Civil and Environmental Engineering, 99–102. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10550-15.

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Kwan, A. K. H., P. K. K. Lee, and W. Zheng. "INFLUENCE OF SPECIMEN SIZE ON MEASURED DIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE." In Challenges of Concrete Construction: Volume 3, Repair, Rejuvenation and Enhancement of Concrete, 237–46. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/rraeoc.31753.0025.

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Jeon, Euy Sik, and Yeong Jo Ju. "Optimization of Seat Frame With Dissimilar Materials for Lightweight Materials." In Handbook of Research on Advancements in Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering, 242–67. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4939-1.ch011.

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High-strength and lightweight methods for vehicle parts include methods such as optimization and application of lightweight materials by reflecting load or material characteristics. Safety regulations have been established in accordance with the loads affecting the vehicle to secure the safety of the vehicle. In order to reduce the weight, high strength materials such as high strength steel (HSS) or high tensile strength steel (AHSS) have been studied. In addition, research on additional lightweight optimization is actively performed by removing parts that do not require high strength or replacing them with plastics. The process of designing a vehicle or part with different properties and considering various loads is costly and time consuming. In order to secure safety and light weight, the authors propose an approximate model for the optimal design of the seat frame that has a direct impact on occupants among the parts of the vehicle, and reduces the development cost, time, and intuitive design through the procedure.
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Conference papers on the topic "Direct tensile strength"

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Renić, Tvrtko, and Tomislav Kišiček. "Direct tensile strength test of concrete." In 4th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/phdsym.2018.09.

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O, J., and R. J. "Direct Tensile Strength in Joint of Roller Compacted Concrete Dams." In Fifth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering - ACSEE 2017. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-122-1-11.

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Sharpe Jr, W. N., B. Yuan, R. Vaidyanathan, and R. L. Edwards. "Direct Measurements of Young's Modulus and Tensile Strength of Polysilicon." In 1996 Solid-State, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop. San Diego, CA USA: Transducer Research Foundation, Inc., 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31438/trf.hh1996a.14.

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Tufekci, K., S. Demirdag, N. Sengun, R. Altindag, and D. Akbay. "A new design test apparatus for determining direct tensile strength of rocks." In The 2016 Isrm International Symposium, Eurock 2016. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315388502-49.

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Yongtong, Wang, Wang Zhe, Liu Jinglong, Peng Yang, and Chen Mingxiang. "Bonding Strength Test and Tensile Failure Study for Direct Plated Copper Ceramic Substrate." In 2022 23rd International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept56209.2022.9873347.

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"Direct Tensile Strength Testing at 6 Hours of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Mortar Fractions." In SP-155: Testing of Fiber Reinforced Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/933.

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Ehrler, Julian, Alexander Solodov, Yannick Bernhardt, and Marc Kreutzbruck. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials Tensile Strength via Nonlinear Acoustics Data." In 2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75235.

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Abstract The nonlinear acoustic approach is assessed for applications as a nondestructive tool for reconstructing stress-strain curves and quantifying the ultimate tensile strength for variety of materials. The direct algorithm uses the polynomial stress-strain expansion up to the third power of strain and the literature data on the second-order nonlinearity parameters to calculate relevant segments of the stress-strain curves. Since the third-order nonlinearity parameters are unknown for majority of materials the calculations used an iteration scheme to obtain closer approximations to the experimental data available from static tensile tests. The solution to the inverse problem identifies the range of the nonlinearity parameters for a given tensile strength and enables to categorize the contribution of the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities in mechanical response for different materials.
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Purwanto, Edy, Stefanus Adi Kristiawan, Endah Safitri, and Febiana Yoda Kartika. "Effect of volume fraction and aspect ratio of Agave fiber Cantula Roxb against compressive strength and direct tensile strength." In EXPLORING RESOURCES, PROCESS AND DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application (ICETIA) 2018. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112424.

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Kelley, Paul F., Anil Saigal, James K. Vlahakis, and Andrew Carter. "Tensile and Fatigue Behavior of Direct Metal Laser Sintered (DMLS) Inconel 718." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50937.

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In the rapidly growing field of additive manufacturing (AM), the focus in recent years has shifted from prototyping to manufacturing fully functional, end-use parts, particularly using metals. In order for these parts to be designed to function both safely and effectively, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the mechanical behavior of materials produced via the AM process. This research focuses on characterizing Inconel 718 produced via the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process. Specimens from three orthogonal build orientations were tested as both machined and as-fabricated specimens. Surface roughness was evaluated using non-contact profilometry. Tensile testing was performed in order to characterize material yield strength. Finally, high cycle fatigue (HCF) testing was conducted on a rotating beam apparatus. Results show that the measured elastic modulus of the as-fabricated material was 162.7 GPa for the in-plane build orientation and 72.1 GPa for the vertical build orientation. In addition, the measured fatigue strength of horizontal build orientations was greater than that of specimens built in a vertical orientation. Furthermore, it was found that the fatigue lives of the machined specimens were at least 7 times greater than those of as-fabricated specimens.
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Gifford, Peter, and Allison Kennedy. "Assessment of Lifeboat Laminate Strength." In SNAME 9th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2010-152.

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The objective of this work was to assess the material strength of conventional lifeboat composites and to examine the effect that particular factors have on the strength, using design of experiments methods. The research was a direct response to the growing need for information pertaining to the performance of lifeboats in ice-covered waters. Evaluating the strength of lifeboat laminates was completed through two test programs. The first focused on assessing the tensile strength while the second examined the impact strength.
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