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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct reduction'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 June 2024

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1

Mizoshiri, Mizue, Kenki Tamura, Junpei Sakurai, and Seiich Hata. "MoB-2-2 REDUCTION PROPERTIES OF NICKEL MICROSTRUCTURES FABRICATED BY DIRECT FEMTOSECOND LASER REDUCTION PATTERNING." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2015 (2015): _MoB—2–2–1—_MoB—2–2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2015._mob-2-2-1.

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2

Steffen, Rolf. "Direct reduction and smelting reduction - an overview." Steel Research 60, no. 3-4 (March 1989): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.198900882.

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3

Enríquez, José L., Enrique Tremps, Iñigo Ruiz-Bustinza, Carlos Morón, Alfonso García-García, José I. Robla, and Carmen González-Gasca. "Smelting in cupola furnace for recarburization of direct reduction iron (DRI)." Revista de Metalurgia 51, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): e052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.052.

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4

HASHIMOTO, Tomoki, Takashi TODAKA, Takeru SATO, and Hiroyasu SHIMOJI. "Cogging Reduction of a Low-speed Direct-drive Axial-gap Generator." Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 23, no. 3 (2015): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14243/jsaem.23.492.

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5

Wang, Chao, and Shenglin Wang. "Direct Posterior Reduction and Fixation." Neurosurgery 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): E601—E604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3181f3586a.

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6

Anameric, B., and S. Komar Kawatra. "DIRECT IRON SMELTING REDUCTION PROCESSES." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 30, no. 1 (December 22, 2008): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827500802043490.

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7

Garner, Brett, David van Reyk, Roger T. Dean, and Wendy Jessup. "Direct Copper Reduction by Macrophages." Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, no. 11 (March 14, 1997): 6927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.11.6927.

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8

Roessler, Albert, David Crettenand, Otmar Dossenbach, Walter Marte, and Paul Rys. "Direct electrochemical reduction of indigo." Electrochimica Acta 47, no. 12 (May 2002): 1989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00028-2.

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9

Markotic, A., N. Dolic, and V. Trujic. "State of the direct reduction and reduction smelting processes." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 38, no. 3-4 (2002): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0204123m.

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For quite a long time efforts have been made to develop processes for producing iron i.e. steel without employing conventional procedures - from ore, coke, blast furnace, iron, electric arc furnace, converter to steel. The insufficient availability and the high price of the coking coals have forced many countries to research and adopt the non-coke-consuming reduction and metal manufacturing processes (non-coke metallurgy, direct reduction, direct processes). This paper represents a survey of the most relevant processes from this domain by the end of 2000, which display a constant increase in the modern process metallurgy.

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10

BASU, P., U. SYAMAPRASAD, A. K. JOUHARI, and H. S. RAY. "Smelting Reduction Technologies for Direct Ironmaking." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 12, no. 2-4 (December 1993): 223–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509508935259.

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11

Magombeyi, Mercy T., and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Foreign Direct Investment And Poverty Reduction." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0013.

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This paper provides a detailed survey of the literature on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on poverty reduction, outlining the theoretical and empirical relationship between these variables. Although a number of studies have been done on the impact of FDI on poverty reduction, the majority of these studies have focused on the indirect impact of FDI on poverty reduction. The bulk of the literature reviewed supports the positive effects of foreign direct investment on poverty reduction, although a few studies have also found foreign direct investment to have an adverse or insignificant effect on poverty reduction. This study differs fundamentally from previous studies in that it focuses on the direct impact of FDI on poverty reduction, giving a detailed review of the nature of this relationship.

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12

Agarwal, Manmohan, Pragya Atri, and Srikanta Kundu. "Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty Reduction." South Asia Economic Journal 18, no. 2 (September 2017): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561417713129.

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It is widely proclaimed that capital account liberalization would immensely benefit developing economies because once capital controls are lifted, developing economies create a potential for movement of capital. And, this free movement of capital could possibly increase growth thereby lifting millions out of poverty. India has been gradually liberalizing since the 1980s and throughout more capital inflows were observed compared to outflows. Also, the composition of capital flows has been changing since the 1980s–with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows rising steadily post-1991compared to portfolio and debt flows. However, since 2000, FDI outflows from India were also witnessed. In this paper we empirically test the impact of FDI flows on poverty in India for 1980–2011. To provide a correct perspective to India’s performance we also analyze the link between FDI flows and poverty for SAARC countries. For a better understanding of how FDI flows impact poverty, we analyze the outflows and inflows separately. The results show both similarities and contrasts in the behaviour of India in comparison with the other SAARC countries.

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13

Anisimov, A. V. "Fast direct computation of modular reduction." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 35, no. 4 (July 1999): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02835848.

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14

Shim, Yang-Sub, and Sung-Mo Jung. "Conditions for Minimizing Direct Reduction in Smelting Reduction Iron Making." ISIJ International 58, no. 2 (2018): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2017-479.

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15

Li, Shuo, Huili Zhang, Jiapei Nie, Raf Dewil, Jan Baeyens, and Yimin Deng. "The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 8866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168866.

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The steel industry represents about 7% of the world’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions due to the high use of fossil fuels. The CO2-lean direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen is considered to offer a high potential to reduce CO2 emissions, and this direct reduction of Fe2O3 powder is investigated in this research. The H2 reduction reaction kinetics and fluidization characteristics of fine and cohesive Fe2O3 particles were examined in a vibrated fluidized bed reactor. A smooth bubbling fluidization was achieved. An increase in external force due to vibration slightly increased the pressure drop. The minimum fluidization velocity was nearly independent of the operating temperature. The yield of the direct H2-driven reduction was examined and found to exceed 90%, with a maximum of 98% under the vibration of ~47 Hz with an amplitude of 0.6 mm, and operating temperatures close to 500 °C. Towards the future of direct steel ore reduction, cheap and “green” hydrogen sources need to be developed. H2 can be formed through various techniques with the catalytic decomposition of NH3 (and CH4), methanol and ethanol offering an important potential towards production cost, yield and environmental CO2 emission reductions.

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16

Xiao-Yu, Jiao, and Lou Sen-Yue. "Approximate direct reduction method: infinite series reductions to the perturbed mKdV equation." Chinese Physics B 18, no. 9 (September 2009): 3611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/18/9/001.

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17

Xiao-Yu, Jiao, Yao Ruo-Xia, and Lou Sen-Yue. "Approximate Homotopy Direct Reduction Method: Infinite Series Reductions to Perturbed mKdV Equations." Chinese Physics Letters 26, no. 4 (March 31, 2009): 040202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/26/4/040202.

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18

Astier, J. "Evolution or revolution to produce steel : direct reduction vs. smelting reduction." Revue de Métallurgie 88, no. 5 (May 1991): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199188050443.

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19

Joung, S., H. Liao, E. Kobayashi, M. Mitsuishi, Y. Nakajima, T. Koyama, N. Sugano, et al. "4332 Development of a fracture reduction system for a direct reduction." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2007.5 (2007): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2007.5.0_517.

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20

Morita, Yoshiro, Tomoo Imataki, Rina Murayama, Masashi Ogawa, Hiroshi Matsubara, and Hidemi Nawafune. "Two-Step Reduction Process for Direct-Metallization." Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging 3, no. 1 (2010): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiepeng.3.31.

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21

Wang, Neng Wei, Guo Wei Li, and Min Xian Fang. "Study on Direct Reduction of Vanadium Slag." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.254.

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In this paper the process of direct reduction of vanadium slag was adopted. The main factor was determined by uniform experimental design and single factor analysis, and then the optimum process condition was drawn by the test. The test results showed that the regression equation curve fitting of the experiment data was very significant, the main factors affecting the vanadium slag reduction (according to the primary and secondary order) was the content of anhydrous sodium carbonate, roasting temperature, roasting time and reduction of carbon content. The factors for the reduction of the optimum process conditions are the carbon coefficient 1.04, roasting temperature 1100°C, roasting reduction time 4h, 4% mass percent of anhydrous sodium carbonate and slag. Under the optimum conditions, the actual rate of weight loss and theory rate of weight were close to 0, the results could be reproduced, and the vanadium slag metallization rate was 75%~83%.

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22

Mesters, Carl, Nazanin Rahimi, Dennis van der Sloot, Justin Rhyne, and Flavia Cassiola. "Direct Reduction of Magnesium Carbonate to Methane." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, no. 33 (August 12, 2021): 10977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01439.

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23

Min, Daiki. "Carbon Reduction Investments under Direct Shipment Strategy." Management Science and Financial Engineering 21, no. 1 (May 31, 2015): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7737/msfe.2015.21.1.025.

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24

French, G. J., and F. R. Sale. "WC-Co by Direct Reduction Carburisation Reactions." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 9, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509208952694.

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25

Nikolaidis, K., T. Mu, and J. Y. Goulermas. "Prototype reduction based on Direct Weighted Pruning." Pattern Recognition Letters 36 (January 2014): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2013.08.022.

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26

Shi, J. Y., E. Donskoi, D. L. S. McElwain, and L. J. Wibberley. "Modelling novel coal based direct reduction process." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 35, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328107x174654.

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27

Harada, Takao, and Hidetoshi Tanaka. "Future Steelmaking Model by Direct Reduction Technologies." ISIJ International 51, no. 8 (2011): 1301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.51.1301.

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28

Mukherjee, Arijit, and Kullapat Suetrong. "Trade cost reduction and foreign direct investment." Economic Modelling 29, no. 5 (September 2012): 1938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.06.008.

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29

Johnston, R. F., and H. T. Nguyen. "Direct reduction carburisation of scheelite with carbon." Minerals Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 1996): 765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(96)00067-2.

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30

Yuan, Zhang Fu, Wen Lai Huang, Sheng You Zhu, Dai Hua Liao, and Hong Fei Hu. "Reduction and direct alloying of calcium vanadate." Steel Research 73, no. 10 (October 2002): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200200010.

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31

Li, Shuai, Zeshuang Kang, Wanchao Liu, Yicheng Lian, and Hongshan Yang. "Reduction Behavior and Direct Reduction Kinetics of Red Mud-Biomass Composite Pellets." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00326-y.

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32

Zugliano, Alberto, Alessandra Primavera, Dino Pignattone, and Alessandro Martinis. "Online Modelling of ENERGIRON Direct Reduction Shaft Furnaces." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 16 (2013): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130825-4-us-2038.00013.

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33

Zou, Shiqiang, and Meagan S. Mauter. "Competing Ion Behavior in Direct Electrochemical Selenite Reduction." ACS ES&T Engineering 1, no. 6 (April 22, 2021): 1028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00099.

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34

Eisl, Roland, Marlen Hochwimmer, Clemens Oppeneiger, and Daniel Buchberger. "Hydrogen Based Direct Iron Ore Reduction Plant Simulation." BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte 167, no. 3 (February 9, 2022): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00501-022-01199-2.

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35

Jiang, Xin, Lin Wang, and Feng Man Shen. "Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Technology - Midrex and Energiron." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.654.

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Coke constitutes the major portion of ironmaking cost and its production causes the severe environmental concerns. So lower energy consumption, lower CO2 emission and waste recycling are driving the iron and steel industry to develop alternative, or coke-free, ironmaking process. Midrex and HYL Energiron are the leading technologies in shaft furnace direct reduction, and they account for about 76% of worldwide production. They are the most competitive ways to obtain high quality direct reduced iron (DRI) for steelmaking. Therefore, in the present paper, some detailed information about these two processes are given. Much attention has been paid on process scheme, the feedstock, DRI product, heat recovery, reforming gas, hot discharge and transportation, and by-product emission. Its very important for direct reduction development in both natural gas-rich counties and natural gas-poor counties.

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36

Yucel, Onuralp, Fahri Demirci, Ahmet Turan, and Murat Alkan. "Determination of Direct Reduction Conditions of Mill Scale." High Temperature Materials and Processes 32, no. 4 (August 16, 2013): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0167.

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AbstractIn this study, experiments were conducted to understand the optimum direct reduction conditions of mill scale which is formed on the surface of the materials produced by continuous casting and which contains iron (II) and iron (III) oxides. Experiments were performed in a rotary kiln and anthracite and metallurgical coke were used as carbon source. The eligible parameters like process temperature, process duration, reductant type and quantity were tried to determine. Obtained reduced iron pellets were characterized by using EPMA, XRD and chemical analysis techniques. The highest metallization degrees were observed as 97.4% for the stoichiometrically 200% anthracite added experiments and as 95.5% for the stoichiometrically 200% metallurgical coke added experiments at 1423 K.

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37

Wong, P. L. M., M. J. Kim, H. S. Kim, and C. H. Choi. "Sticking behaviour in direct reduction of iron ore." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 26, no. 1 (February 1999): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/irs.1999.26.1.53.

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38

Whipple, Devin T., and Paul J. A. Kenis. "Prospects of CO2Utilization via Direct Heterogeneous Electrochemical Reduction." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1, no. 24 (December 2010): 3451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz1012627.

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39

Aslanoglu, Ziya. "Direct reduction of mechanically activated specular iron oxide." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 114, no. 4 (December 2005): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/037195505x81051.

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40

Oka, Yuichi, and Ryosuke O. Suzuki. "Direct Reduction of Liquid V2O5 in Molten CaCl2." ECS Transactions 16, no. 49 (December 18, 2019): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3159330.

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41

Cheng, Xiang-li, Kai Zhao, Yuan-hong Qi, Xue-feng Shi, and Chang-liang Zhen. "Direct Reduction Experiment on Iron-Bearing Waste Slag." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 20, no. 3 (March 2013): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(13)60064-3.

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42

Zhu, Hang-yu, Zheng-bang Li, Hai-sen Yang, and Lin-gen Luo. "Carbothermic Reduction of MoO3 for Direct Alloying Process." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 20, no. 10 (October 2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(13)60176-4.

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43

Ajbar, A., K. Alhumaizi, and M. Soliman. "Modelling and parametric studies of direct reduction reactor." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 38, no. 6 (August 2011): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743281211y.0000000023.

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44

Park, B., and W. J. Lee. "O.179 Direct percutaneous reduction of zygoma fracture." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 36 (September 2008): S45—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71303-9.

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45

Lee, Dong-Won, Jung-Yeul Yun, Sung-Won Yoon, and Jei-Pil Wang. "Direct synthesis of zirconium powder by magnesium reduction." Metals and Materials International 19, no. 3 (May 2013): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12540-013-3022-x.

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46

Zuo, Hai-bin, Zheng-wen Hu, Jian-liang Zhang, Jing Li, and Zheng-jian Liu. "Direct reduction of iron ore by biomass char." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 20, no. 6 (June 2013): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0759-7.

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47

Rossell, Marta D., Piyush Agrawal, Andreas Borgschulte, Cécile Hébert, Daniele Passerone, and Rolf Erni. "Direct Evidence of Surface Reduction in Monoclinic BiVO4." Chemistry of Materials 27, no. 10 (May 4, 2015): 3593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm504248d.

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48

Lahiri, Abhishek, Rui Wen, Peijie Wang, and Yan Fang. "Direct surface plasmon induced reduction of metal salts." Electrochemistry Communications 17 (April 2012): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2012.01.017.

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49

Suzuki, Ryosuke O., and Hiroyuki Ishikawa. "Direct Reduction of Vanadium Oxide in Molten CaCl2." ECS Transactions 3, no. 35 (December 21, 2019): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2798678.

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50

Suzuki, R. O., and H. Ishikawa. "Direct reduction of vanadium oxide in molten CaCl2." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 117, no. 2 (June 2008): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328508x290894.

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