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Books on the topic 'Direct reduction'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 June 2024

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1

Humiston, T. J. Production-scale direct oxide reduction demonstration. Edited by Santi D. J, Long J. L, Rockwell International. Rocky Flats Plant, and United States. Dept. of Energy. Albuquerque Operations Office. Golden, Colo: Rockwell International, Aerospace Operations, Rocky Flats Plant, 1989.

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2

Michael, Klein. Foreign direct investment and poverty reduction. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Private Sector Advisory Services Dept., 2001.

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3

1950-, Garber Steven, Rand Corporation, and Institute for Civil Justice (U.S.), eds. California's ozone-reduction strategy for light-duty vehicles: Direct costs, direct emission effects and market responses. Santa Monica, Calif: Rand, Institute for Civil Justice, 1996.

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4

J.C. van den Berg. Direct reduction of hematite fines with coal in a fluidized bed. Randburg, South Africa: Council for Mineral Technology, 1986.

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5

Abuluwefa, Husein. Effect of fluxes on the reducibility of iron ore pellets in direct reduction iron making. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 1989.

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6

Krauter, Stefan C. W. Solar electric power generation - photovoltaic energy systems: Modeling of optical and thermal performance, electrical yield, energy balance, effect on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Berlin: Springer, 2006.

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7

Burkhardt, Carlo. Production and characterisation of HDDR Nd-Fe-B powders based on material produced by the direct reduction process. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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8

Beyond the blast furnace. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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9

Rutherford, Thomas Fox. The impact on Russia of WTO accession and the DOHA agenda: The importance of liberalization of barriers against foreign direct investment in services for growth and poverty reduction. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.

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10

Geoghegan, Susan M. Modulating the redox propertoes of a flavoprotein; cloning, expression and site-directed mutagenesis of flavodoxin from M. elsdenii. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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11

Zhukov, Aleksey, Ekaterina Bobrova, Igor' Bessonov, and Elizaveta Mednikova. Energy efficiency of building systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1856852.

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The monograph summarizes and systematizes the results of experimental and theoretical studies of thermal insulation systems of building structures, technological facilities, transport facilities, and cold preservation. The criterion for the effectiveness of system insulation solutions is energy efficiency as a criterion for a comprehensive assessment, including both taking into account the direct reduction of energy costs during the operation of insulation shells, and the costs of installation, maintenance of structures in working condition, evaluation of the operational resistance of materials and durability of system solutions as a whole. Modern types of thermal insulation materials based on gas-filled plastics, foamed glass, foamed rubber and products based on mineral fibers are considered: stone wool, glass wool and glass fiber, basalt fiber. It is intended for researchers, specialists in the field of materials science, technologists — developers of new types of thermal insulation materials and constructors, designing products from them, as well as for teachers and university students. It can be useful for a wide range of people interested in construction and energy saving problems.

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12

Sizer, John. Institutional responses to financial reductions in the university sector: Report of a research project directed by Professor John Sizer. London: Department of Education and Science, 1987.

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13

Office, General Accounting. Social security: Staff reductions and service quality : briefing report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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14

1938-, Sizer John, and Great Britain. Department ofEducation and Science., eds. Institutional responses to financial reductions in the university sector: Report of a research project directed by Professor John Sizer,Department of Management Studies, Loughborough University of Technology. [London]: Department of Education and Science, 1987.

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15

Polonina, Elena, Sergey Leonovich, Sergey Fedosov, and Valeriy Yaglov. Structural concrete with a complex addition of hydrothermal nanosilicon and carbon nanotubes. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1981690.

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The monograph is devoted to improving the methods of directed and controlled regulation of the C — S — H-gel structure by varying the doses, sizes, physical and chemical characteristics of the surface, and the nanoparticles used. The authors have developed an additive that additionally contains a superplasticizer to reduce the water demand of the concrete mixture and stabilize the nanoparticles. The dependences of the strength growth of cement stone and structural heavy concrete on the components of the complex additive are revealed. Experimental confirmation of the mechanism of action of a combined nano—additive with a reduced consumption of nanoparticles on the structure of C — S - H-gel was obtained based on the results of the application of a set of methods. It is revealed that the use of a complex additive contributes to a proportional increase in the reduced modulus of elasticity, hardness, and mechanical characteristics of Portland cement stone and concrete. The study of the additive in the conditions of the construction site showed the prospects of its application for construction, ensuring a reduction in the cost of the technology of nanomodification of concrete relative to the effect of improving performance. For specialists of research, construction and design organizations dealing with the modification of concrete with nanomaterials, as well as for students, undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers who work on the problems of building materials science.

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16

Adams, Amos. Songs of victory directed by human compassion, and qualified with Christian benevolence: In a sermon delivered at Roxbury, October 25th, 1759 : on the general thanksgiving for the success of His Majesty's Arms, "more particuarlly, [sic] in the reduction of Quebec, the capital of Canada". Boston?: Printed and sold by Edes and Gill, ..., 1987.

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17

Klein, Michael, Carl Aaron, and Bita Hadjimichael. Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty Reduction. The World Bank, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2613.

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18

Company, Financial Publishing. Monthly Payment Direct Reduction Loan Schedules. Financial Pub Co, 1987.

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19

Cavaliere, Pasquale. Hydrogen Assisted Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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20

Company, Financial Publishing. Monthly Payment Direct Reduction Loan Schedules, Supplement. Financial Pub Co, 1987.

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21

Sponge Iron Production by Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide. Prentice Hall India Pvt., Limited, 2012.

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22

Smith, Christopher, and Zack Marshall. Critical Approaches to Harm Reduction: Conflict, Institutionalization, Politicization, and Direct Action. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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23

Fang, Fangxin, I. M. Navon, and C. C. Pain. Applications of Efficient POD Model Order Reduction to Direct and Inverse Problems of Fluid Dynamics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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24

Krauter, Stefan C. W. Solar Electric Power Generation - Photovoltaic Energy Systems: Modeling of Optical and Thermal Performance, Electrical Yield, Energy Balance, Effect on Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2010.

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25

Krauter, Stefan C. W. Solar Electric Power Generation - Photovoltaic Energy Systems: Modeling of Optical and Thermal Performance, Electrical Yield, Energy Balance, Effect on Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Springer London, Limited, 2007.

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26

Chatterjee, Amit. Beyond the Blast Furnace. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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27

Chatterjee, Amit. Beyond the Blast Furnace. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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28

Chatterjee, Amit. Beyond the Blast Furnace. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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29

Chatterjee, Amit. Beyond the Blast Furnace. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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30

Ezeanya, Chika, and Abel Kennedy. Integrating Clean Energy Use in National Poverty Reduction Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0023.

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The disappearance of Rwanda’s forests and attendant change in climatic conditions prompted the government to explore clean energy alternatives such as biogas. Unlike at any other time in Rwanda’s history, more and more Rwandans in rural areas are becoming owners of cattle because of the Government of Rwanda’s agricultural direct assistance and poverty reduction programme known as Girinka. This chapter focuses on the various strategies employed by the government of Rwanda in achieving increased biogas use among the rural poor Girinka beneficiaries who use cow dung for their domestic biogas plants. Conditions necessary for successful implementation of clean energy pro-poor reforms in rural communities are explored.

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31

Nguyen, Thi Phuong Hoa. Foreign Direct Investment And Its Contributions To Economic Growth And Poverty Reduction In Vietnam (1986-2001) (Schriften Zur Internationalen Entwicklungs- Und Umweltforschung). Peter Lang Publishing, 2004.

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32

Foreign Direct Investment and Its Contributions to Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Vietnam (1986-2001) (Schriften Zur Internationalen Entwicklungs- Und Umweltforschung). Peter Lang Publishing, 2004.

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33

Rutherford, Thomas, Oleksandr Shepotylo, and David Tarr. The Impact On Russia Of WTO Accession And The Doha Agenda : The Importance Of Liberalization Of Barriers Against Foreign Direct Investment In Services For Growth And Poverty Reduction. The World Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3725.

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34

Humphreys, Paul. Causation and Reduction. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0031.

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When considering the relations between causation and reduction one must distinguish between, on the one hand, issues about how causation operates within and between systems that stand in various reductive relations to one another; and on the other hand, issues concerning whether causation itself is amenable to a reductive treatment. These two issues are intertwined and each must be treated with sympathy for the other. There are two basic types of reduction. Ontological reduction concerns reductive relations between the objects themselves whereas linguistic or conceptual reduction deals with reductive relations between our representations of those objects. For the great majority of the last century, both causation and reduction were treated linguistically or conceptually, but in recent years there has been a significant shift towards directly ontological treatments of each.

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35

Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: European Scrutiny Committee and Jimmy Hood. Thirty-fourth report of Session 2005-06: Documents considered by the Committee on 5 July 2006, including, voluntary reduction of direct farm support payments, report, together with formal Minutes. Stationery Office, The, 2006.

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36

Britain, Great. Direct Payments to Farmers (Reductions) (England) Regulations 2022. Stationery Office, The, 2022.

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37

Britain, Great. Direct Payments to Farmers (Reductions) (England) Regulations 2022. Stationery Office, The, 2022.

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38

Atkins, Richard Kenneth. Phenomenological Investigation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887179.003.0006.

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Phenomenological investigation involves observation, description, analysis, and evaluation. The phenomenologist observes the phaneron, describes it by making judgments about it, analyzes it into its most basic sorts of constituents, and then evaluates whether the analysis is accurate and adequate. Two kinds of analysis are employed in phenomenological investigation: logical analysis and analysis by inspection. The former consists in the application of Peirce’s reduction thesis and in the framing of scientific definitions. The second consists of both direct and indirect inspective analysis. Direct inspective analysis is either organic or attentional. Indirect inspective analysis is either comparational or experimental. Whereas Peirce restricts the sort of inspective analysis involved in phenomenology to direct attentional inspective analysis, he could have extended it to direct organic analysis and indirect comparational analysis.

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39

Alix, Alexandre, Laurent Bellet, Corinne Trommsdorff, and Iris Audureau, eds. Reducing the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Water and Sanitation Services: Overview of emissions and their potential reduction illustrated by utility know-how. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789063172.

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The scientific evidence contained in the three volumes of the 6th IPCC report (AR6), published between August 2021 and April 2022, are another reminder of the urgent need to respect the 2015 Paris Agreement. 195 countries agreed to the goal of limiting long-term global temperature increase to “well below 2°C” compared to pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C by massively reducing their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). Water and climate questions are usually addressed from the perspective of adaptation to climate change. For urban water services the mitigation aspect has been less studied up till now. These considerations fit into the broader context of the interdependence of energy and water (Water-Energy Nexus). This report approaches the question from the angle of energy use in the water sector rather than the better-known water requirements for the energy sector. Reducing GHG emissions in urban water management requires reducing both fossil energy requirements and direct emissions of nitrous oxide and methane. Finally, it must be said that the need to reduce the GHG emissions of water and sanitation services goes with the growing demand for water. It should increase by 50% between now and 2030 worldwide due to the combined effects of population growth, economic development, and the shift in consumer patterns. This synthetic report aims to provide an overview of possible levers to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of water and sanitation services and provides an analysis of how adaptation measures can embrace this low-carbon approach.

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40

Fisher, David. Self-Healing Concrete. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901373.

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Self-healing techniques are most successful in preventing concrete from cracking or breaking. The book reviews the most promising methods, including the use of polymers, epoxy resins, fungi or cementitious composites; biomineralization, continuing hydration or carbonation or wet/dry cycling. Various micro-organisms are able to produce favorable effects, such as denitrification, calcium carbonate formation, sulfate reduction or the production of methane. The book references 289 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.

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41

Britain, Great. Direct Payments to Farmers (Reductions and Simplifications) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2021. Stationery Office, The, 2021.

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42

Britain, Great. Direct Payments to Farmers (Reductions and Simplifications) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2021. Stationery Office, The, 2021.

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43

Alcohol Fuel Cells, Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Alcohol Oxidation, Nano-Catalysts, Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Polymer Electrolyte Membranes, Nanomaterials for Oxygen Reduction, Polymer-based Nanocomposites, Electrocatalysts, Ethanol Electro-Oxidation, Proton Electrolyte Membranes, Methanol Oxidation, Polymer-based Nanocomposites, Trimetallic Nanoparticles. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900192.

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44

Koons, Robert C., and Alexander Pruss. Must Functionalists Be Aristotelians? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796572.003.0013.

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Functionalism in the theory of mind requires an account of function that has a normative component—mere conditional connection (whether indicative or sub-junctive) is not enough. For instance, a component of a computing system isn’t an adder just in case its output is always or would always be the sum of the inputs, since any computing system in a world with as much indeterminism as ours can err or malfunction. Two general reductions of normative language have been proposed that one might wish to apply to the problem of defining proper function: the evolutionary reduction (Wright, Millikan) and the agential reduction (Plantinga). We argue that whatever the merits of the reductions in other contexts, a functionalist theory of mind that defines proper function in either of these ways must fail. The argument proceeds by first showing the agential reduction is viciously circular in the context of a functionalist theory of agency. Second, if functionalism about mind is true and proper function is reducible evolutionarily, then it is possible to have a situation in which the presence or absence of mental properties depends in an implausibly spooky, acausal way on remote facts. It is plausible that the only currently avail-able way for the functionalist to meet these challenges is to accept irreducible end-directed causal powers of minds and/or their functional parts, in accordance with a broadly Aristotelian tradition.

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45

Lopez-Arvizu, Carmen, Carmel Bogle, and Harolyn M. E. Belcher. Neurobiology of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0179.

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Prenatal exposure to ethanol can result in a wide range of clinical presentations that are grouped under the term “Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders” (FASD). The direct cellular teratogenic effects of ethanol on fetal neurodevelopment include damage to cell survival, proliferation, and migration mechanisms. Dysregulation of neurotransmission and alteration of genetic transcription have also been implicated in the neurotoxic effects of prenatal ethanol exposure. These deleterious events lead to brain volume reduction, corpus callosum dysgenesis, cerebellar, and other neuroanatomical anomalies that have been observed in individuals with FASD. Beyond direct ethanol-induced insults, the impact that ethanol has on maternal nutrition, metabolism, hormonal regulation, and placental physiology also adversely effects fetal development. The complex interactions between numerous neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms that hinder optimal fetal neurodevelopment are reflected by the heterogeneous clinical presentation of FASD, including impaired growth, dysmorphic facial features, and cognitive and behavioral disorders.

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46

Sinkin, Robert A., and Christian A. Chisholm, eds. PCEP Specialized Newborn Care (Book IV). 3rd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610020596.

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Developed by a distinguished editorial board, the Perinatal Continuing Education Program (PCEP) is a comprehensive, self-paced education program in four volumes. This popular resource features step-by-step skill instruction, and practice-focused exercises covering maternal and fetal evaluaton and immediate newborn care. The PCEP workbooks feature leading-edge procedures and techniques, and are filled with clear explanations, step-by-step skill instruction, and practice-focused exercises. Book IV includes 6 units dealing with complex neonatal therapies, such as assisted ventilation, as well as a unit on continuing care for at-risk babies and those with special problems following intensive care. Contents include: Unit 1: Direct Blood Pressure Measurement Skills Units: Transducer Blood Pressure Monitoring Unit 2: Exchange, Reduction, and Direct Transfusions Part 1: Respiratory Distress Skills Unit: Exchange Transfusions Unit 3: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Skills Unit: Delivery of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Unit 4: Assisted Ventilation With Mechanical Ventilators Skills Unit: Endotracheal Tubes Unit 5: Surfactant Therapy Skills Unit: Surfactant Administration Unit 6: Continuing Care for At-Risk Babies

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47

Kattwinkel, John, Robert J. Boyle, Christian A. Chisholm, and Susan B. Clarke, eds. PCEP Specialized Newborn Care (Book IV). 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581107128.

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New 2nd edition features step-by-step skill instruction, and practice-focused exercises. Developed by a distinguished editorial board, the Perinatal Continuing Education Program (PCEP) is a comprehensive, self-paced education program in four volumes. The PCEP workbooks have been significantly revised and brought up-to-date with leading-edge procedures and techniques. The revised volumes are filled with clear explanations, step-by-step skill instruction, and practice-focused exercises. They offer time- saving, low-cost solutions for self-paced learning or as adjuncts to instructor-led skills training. New 2nd edition features 6 units dealing with complex neonatal therapies, such as assisted ventilation, as well as a unit regarding Continuing Care for at-risk babies and those with special problems, following intensive care. Contents include: Unit 1: Direct Blood Pressure Measurement Skill Unit: Transducer Blood Pressure Monitoring Unit 2: Exchange, Reduction, and Direct Transfusions Skill Unit: Exchange Tranfusions Unit 3: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Skill Unit: Delivery of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Unit 4: Assisted Ventilation With Mechanical Ventilators Skill Unit: Endotracheal Tubes Unit 5: Surfactant Therapy Skill Unit: Surfactant Administration Unit 6: Continuing Care for At-Risk Babies Subsection: Babies With Special Problems Pretest Answer Key Index

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48

Tidman, Victoria. Proof of concept. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0048.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Epidural morphine in treatment of pain’, published by Behar et al. in 1979. A small case series in the seventies first highlighted the use of epidural morphine for pain. It consists of only ten patients who were all administered 2 mg of morphine epidurally. Patients suffering from both acute and chronic pain had a significant reduction in the level of pain within 2–3 minutes, and this lasted 6–24 hours. The authors went on to postulate that morphine produced its effect by a direct action on the specific opioid receptors in the substantia gelatinosa. Although morphine is rarely used epidurally, this paper paved the way for the use of epidural opioids in many different pain conditions.

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49

Social Security: Better payment controls for benefit reduction provisions could save millions : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Social Security, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1998.

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50

Graves, Tracey. Neurogenetic disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0223.

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There are many genetic diseases which affect the nervous system. Although some of these are extremely rare, several are quite common and, as a group, they comprise a significant proportion of neurological disease. Almost all clinical neurological syndromes can have a genetic cause. Not all of these have been genetically elucidated, but some have been extensively characterized in terms of clinical phenotype, molecular genetics, and cellular pathophysiology. Given the improvement in laboratory techniques and subsequent reduction in the cost of direct DNA sequencing, there is likely to be a rapid expansion over the next decade in the identification of causative genes and hence the availability of genetic tests. Thus, all clinicians should have a basic understanding about genetic disease; inheritance patterns; availability of genetic tests; genetic counselling; and ethics. Particular subspeciality areas where neurogenetic disease is common include neuromuscular disease and movement disorders.

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