Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct reduction

Academic literature on the topic 'Direct reduction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Direct reduction"

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Mizoshiri, Mizue, Kenki Tamura, Junpei Sakurai, and Seiich Hata. "MoB-2-2 REDUCTION PROPERTIES OF NICKEL MICROSTRUCTURES FABRICATED BY DIRECT FEMTOSECOND LASER REDUCTION PATTERNING." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2015 (2015): _MoB—2–2–1—_MoB—2–2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2015._mob-2-2-1.

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Steffen, Rolf. "Direct reduction and smelting reduction - an overview." Steel Research 60, no. 3-4 (March 1989): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.198900882.

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Enríquez, José L., Enrique Tremps, Iñigo Ruiz-Bustinza, Carlos Morón, Alfonso García-García, José I. Robla, and Carmen González-Gasca. "Smelting in cupola furnace for recarburization of direct reduction iron (DRI)." Revista de Metalurgia 51, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): e052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.052.

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HASHIMOTO, Tomoki, Takashi TODAKA, Takeru SATO, and Hiroyasu SHIMOJI. "Cogging Reduction of a Low-speed Direct-drive Axial-gap Generator." Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 23, no. 3 (2015): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14243/jsaem.23.492.

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Wang, Chao, and Shenglin Wang. "Direct Posterior Reduction and Fixation." Neurosurgery 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): E601—E604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3181f3586a.

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Anameric, B., and S. Komar Kawatra. "DIRECT IRON SMELTING REDUCTION PROCESSES." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 30, no. 1 (December 22, 2008): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827500802043490.

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Garner, Brett, David van Reyk, Roger T. Dean, and Wendy Jessup. "Direct Copper Reduction by Macrophages." Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, no. 11 (March 14, 1997): 6927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.11.6927.

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Roessler, Albert, David Crettenand, Otmar Dossenbach, Walter Marte, and Paul Rys. "Direct electrochemical reduction of indigo." Electrochimica Acta 47, no. 12 (May 2002): 1989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00028-2.

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Markotic, A., N. Dolic, and V. Trujic. "State of the direct reduction and reduction smelting processes." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 38, no. 3-4 (2002): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0204123m.

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For quite a long time efforts have been made to develop processes for producing iron i.e. steel without employing conventional procedures - from ore, coke, blast furnace, iron, electric arc furnace, converter to steel. The insufficient availability and the high price of the coking coals have forced many countries to research and adopt the non-coke-consuming reduction and metal manufacturing processes (non-coke metallurgy, direct reduction, direct processes). This paper represents a survey of the most relevant processes from this domain by the end of 2000, which display a constant increase in the modern process metallurgy.
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BASU, P., U. SYAMAPRASAD, A. K. JOUHARI, and H. S. RAY. "Smelting Reduction Technologies for Direct Ironmaking." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 12, no. 2-4 (December 1993): 223–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509508935259.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct reduction"

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Wang, Tao. "Novel iron ore direct reduction process using biomass." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0297.

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La substitution du carbone fossile par du carbone biogénique issu de la biomasse pourrait réduire considérablement la contribution de l'industrie sidérurgique au réchauffement climatique. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était de poser les bases et d'analyser un procédé innovant d'élaboration du fer, dénommé BIORED (biomass-based iron ore reduction). Dans celui-ci, des boulettes de minerai de fer et de la biomasse granulaire sont chargées au sommet d'un four à cuve vertical. Le minerai est réduit par CO issu de la gazéification in-situ de la biomasse (réaction de Boudouard). Nous avons déterminé les cinétiques de dévolatilisation et de gazéification de la biomasse choisie, du charbon de bois, par thermogravimétrie. Ces cinétiques ont été modélisées par la méthode des réactions indépendantes en parallèle et l'équation de Langmuir-Hinshelwood, respectivement. Nous avons transformé un modèle existant de simulation du procédé de réduction directe du minerai de fer par les gaz pour tenir compte des deux solides et des réactions associées à la biomasse. Les résultats du nouveau modèle montrent que dans le réacteur BIORED, la gazéification prend place en bas du four, tandis que la réduction du minerai de fer s'étage, la réduction de la wustite en fer métallique étant l'étape la plus longue. Le degré de métallisation obtenu est satisfaisant et le mélange de gaz d'échappement (CO-CO₂) pourrait être recyclé pour réutiliser CO et économiser l'énergie. Nous avons développé un protocole expérimental spécifique pour la validation du modèle et les résultats de l'expérience correspondent relativement bien aux résultats numériques. Enfin, les possibilités de développement potentiel du procédé BIORED dans certaines régions du monde ont été quantifiées, et une analyse du cycle de vie de la fabrication d'acier sur la base de ce procédé a montré une diminution considérable des émissions de CO₂ (moins 96 %) et de la plupart des autres impacts sur l'environnement, par rapport à la filière usuelle haut fourneau et convertisseur
Substituting fossil carbon with biogenic carbon from biomass could considerably reduce the contribution of the steel industry to global warming. The objective of this thesis was to introduce and analyse an innovative ironmaking process, called BIORED (biomass-based iron ore reduction). In this process, iron ore pellets and granular biomass are loaded together at the top of a vertical shaft furnace. The ore is reduced by CO produced from the in-situ gasification of the biomass (Boudouard reaction). The devolatilisation and gasification kinetics of the selected biomass, charcoal, were determined from thermogravimetry experiments. These kinetics were modelled by the scheme of independent parallel reactions and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, respectively. We used an existing numerical model of a gas-based direct reduction process to create a new one that considers two solids and the biomass-related reactions. The model results show that the gasification takes place at the bottom of the BIORED reactor, while the reduction of the iron ore occurs step-wisely, with the reduction of wustite to metallic iron being the slowest. The degree of metallisation is satisfactory and the top gas (CO-CO2 mixture) could be recycled to reuse CO and save energy. We developed a specific experimental protocol for the validation of the model. The experimental results satisfactorily agree with the numerical ones. Eventually, the potential industrial development of the BIORED process in different regions of the world was assessed, and a life cycle assessment of a new steelmaking route based on BIORED process showed a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions (96% less) and most other environmental impacts, compared to the conventional Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace route
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Yasuda, Kouji. "Direct electrolytic reduction of solid SiO2 to Si in molten chlorides." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144446.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第11840号
エネ博第116号
新制||エネ||30(附属図書館)
23600
UT51-2005-K506
京都大学大学院ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ科学研究科ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ基礎科学専攻
(主査)教授 尾形 幸生, 教授 八尾 健, 教授 萩原 理加
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Kazemi, Mania. "Fundamental Studies Related to Gaseous Reduction of Iron Oxide." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191021.

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The demands for increasing the efficiency and lowering the environmental effects in iron and steelmaking industries have given rise to interests in application of direct reduction (DR) processes for production of iron by different gases. These advancements require comprehensive models for better control of the process conditions and the product properties. In the present thesis fundamental aspects in reduction of iron oxide were investigated. The experimental studies on reduction of iron oxide pellets were performed under well-controlled conditions in a setup designed for thermogravimetric investigations. The results indicated that the reaction rates by the applied procedure are higher compared to the procedure similar to conventional thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This difference was caused by the time required for replacing the inert gas by the reaction gases. Reduction by H2-CO mixtures was accompanied by deposition of carbon and formation of cementite. The variations of cementite contents in the industrial iron ore pellets reduced isothermally for different durations, showed that cementite formation starts from the initial stages of reduction. The experimental conditions such as reaction temperature, carbon activity in the reaction gas and reaction time have a large impact on carbide content of the reduced samples. The kinetics of reduction of iron ore powder by H2 and CO gas mixtures with different compositions were studied using a commercial TGA setup. The results showed that the apparent rates of reaction vary linearly with the H2 and CO contents of the gas. Larger amount of H2 resulted in higher reaction rates. The data were employed in the developed reduction model for pellets. The model was based on the mechanism observed in the commercial iron ore pellets reduced by pure hydrogen. The microstructure of reacted pellets showed that reduction of the examined industrial samples is controlled by both chemical reaction and gaseous diffusion. The reduction model was developed by combining computations for the flow and mass transfer in the gas phase, diffusion of gases in the solid phase and chemical reaction at the reaction sites. The modelling and experimental results were in reasonably good agreement. The present model provides a good foundation for a dynamic multi-particle process model. The results highlighted the importance of considering the reduction mechanisms in different types of pellets prior to modelling. Experiments were undertaken to investigate the selective reduction of iron oxide in zinc ferrite. It was observed that gaseous reduction by hydrogen at temperatures up to 873 K is a potential method for reduction of iron oxide to metallic iron, while the zinc oxide remains in the product and losses of metallic zinc are negligible. Using this primary step in the hydrometallurgical processing of EAFD can overcome the difficulties for leaching of zinc ferrite.

QC 20160823

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Wessey, Napoleon. "The evaluation of the industrial potential of Nigerian direct reduction steelmaking slag." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442228.

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Affadu-Danful, George. "Immobilization of Gold Nanoparticles on Nitrided Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrodes by Direct Reduction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3446.

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Due to enhanced properties such as large surface area-to-volume ratio, metal nanoparticles are often employed as catalysts for various applications. However, most studies involving nanoparticle catalysts have been conducted on collections of particles rather than single nanoparticles. Results obtained for ensemble systems can be difficult to interpret due to variations in particle loading and interparticle distance, which are often challenging to control and characterize. In this study, two immobilization strategies for incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) were compared with the goal of extending these techniques to nanoelectrodes for studies of single AuNPs. Both layer-by-layer deposition of AuNPs on natural carbon fiber UMEs and direct reduction of AuNPs on nitrided carbon fiber UMEs were explored. Although both methods proved feasible, the direct reduction method seemed to be more effective and should better enable direct comparisons of bare and capped AuNPs.
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Dongchen, Wang. "Effect of Density on the Reduction of Fe2O3 Pellets by H2-CO Mixtures." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100933.

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This study aims to find how density affects the reduction extent and reduction rate. H2-CO gas mixture is used as reducing agent. Five groups of different density pellets were reduced at four different temperatures. Light optical microscope (LOM) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) used to detect completely and partially reduced pellets to investigate how density affects the reduction mechanisms. Results illustrate that density affects reduction extent and reduction rate a lot. However, when reaction temperature is 1123 K, density has less influenc on reduction extent. The carbon deposition occurred for high density pellets at 973 K and 1023 K. The reduction process cannot be described by a single rate controlling step. Reduced layer is denser compared with unreduced layer. Reaction at initial stages goes much faster than later stages.
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Bardhipur, Seema. "Modeling the Effect of Green Infrastructure on Direct Runoff Reduction in Residential Areas." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1494345249222244.

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Motsoeneng, Rapelang Gloria. "Advanced oxygen reduction reaction catalysts/material for direct methanol fuel cell (dmfc) application." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4365.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Fuel cells are widely considered to be efficient and non-polluting power source offering much higher energy density. This study is aimed at developing oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) catalysts with reduced platinum (Pt) loading. In order to achieve this aim, monometallic Pd and Pt nanostructured catalysts were electrodeposited on a substrate (carbon paper) by surface limited redox replacement using electrochemical atomic layer deposition (ECALD) technique. Pd:Pt bimetallic nanocatalysts were also deposited on carbon paper. Pd:Pt ratios were (1:1, 2.1 and 3:1). The prepared mono and bimetallic catalysts were characterized using electrochemical methods for the ORR in acid electrolyte. The electrochemical characterization of these catalysts includes: Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The physical characterization includes: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for Morphology and elemental composition, respectively. The deposition of copper (Cu) on carbon paper was done by applying a potential of -0.05 V at 60s, 90s and 120s. 8x cycles of Pt or Pd showed better electrochemical activity towards hydrogen oxidation reaction. Multiples of eight were used in this work to deposit Pt: Pd binary catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry showed high electroactive surface area for Pt24Pd24/Carbon-paper while LSV showed high current density and positive onset potential. HRSEM also displayed small particle size compared to other Pt:Pd ratios.
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BRANDAO, GEISAMANDA PEDRINI. "MERCURY DETERMINATION IN GASOLINE BY COLD VAPOR AND AAS WITH DIRECT REDUCTION IN MICROEMULSION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4945@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Foi estudada a determinação de mercúrio em gasolina pela técnica do vapor frio, com redução em meio orgânico e de solução de três componentes (microemulsão). Foram utilizadas várias metodologias empregando a técnica de geração de vapor frio e detecção em espectrômetro de absorção atômica, a saber: determinação direta em gasolina; determinação direta em gasolina estabilizada na forma de microemulsão, com e sem pré-concentração em rede de ouro; e determinação direta em gasolina estabilizada na forma de microemulsão utilizando uma armadilha para vapores de gasolina antes da pré-concentração em rede de ouro. Analisando os resultados, foi verificado que a determinação de mercúrio em gasolina estabilizada na forma de microemulsão fornece medidas mais repetitivas do que em gasolina in natura; além disso, foi observada a necessidade de utilizar pré-concentração em rede de ouro, devido aos baixos níveis de mercúrio em gasolina; entretanto, foi detectado que os vapores de gasolina envenenam o ouro. Dentre as armadilhas estudadas para evitar o envenenamento do ouro, foi escolhida a armadilha com solução de K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, na qual, os vapores rovenientes do frasco de reação foram borbulhados e o Hg0, oxidado; posteriormente, a solução foi reduzida com SnCl2/ H2SO4 e os vapores enviados para a rede de ouro. Assim, os resultados indicaram que o método para determinação de mercúrio total em gasolina, no qual o mercúrio é reduzido diretamente da gasolina como microemulsão, utilizando armadilha de K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 antes da pré-concentração em ouro, com detecção por CV-AAS, é recomendado. Após uma otimização multivariada, curvas analíticas apresentaram coeficientes de correlação de até 0,9999 com uma massa característica correspondente de 2ng de mercúrio. O limite de detecção obtido por este método foi de 0,10 ng/mL (0,14 ng/g).
The mercury determination in gasoline by cold vapor and AAS, with reduction in organic liquids and in solution of three components (microemulsion)was studied. Some methodologies were used, with cold vapor generation and atomic absorption spectrometer, to know: direct determination in gasoline; direct determination in gasoline stabilized as microemulsion, with and without preconcentration in gold; and direct determination in gasoline stabilized as microemulsion using a trap for gasoline vapors before the preconcentration in gold. Analyzing the results, it was verified that the measurements from the gasoline stabilized as microemulsion supplies more repetitive readings than the gasoline in nature; moreover, it was observed that is necessary to use preconcentration in gold, due to the lower mercury levels in gasoline; however, it was detected that the gasoline vapors poison the gold. Amongst the studied traps to prevent the poisoning of the gold, the trap with solution of K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4 was chosen, in which, the vapors proceeding from the reaction bottle had been bubbled and the Hg0, oxidated; later, the solution was reduced with SnCl2/ H2SO4 and vapors sent to the gold. Thus, the results had indicated that the method for total mercury determination in gasoline, in which the mercury is reduced directly from the gasoline as microemulsion, using the K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 trap before the preconcentration in gold, with CV-AAS detection, is recommended. After multivariate optimization analytical curves showed coefficients of correlation as good as 0.9999 with a corresponding characteristic mass of 2ng of mercury. The limit of detection obtained for this method was 0.10 ng/mL (0.14 ng/g).
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Luedtke, Kerstin. "Transcranial direct current stimulation for the reduction of chronic non-specific low back pain." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5248/.

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Non-specific chronic low back pain has serious personal and socio-economic consequences. International guidelines recommend multimodal cognitive behavioural management (CBT). The effectiveness of CBT might be enhanced by directly targeting central nervous system pain processing. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel approach aiming to influence pain by altering cortical excitability. An evaluation of existing reviews indicated the need for an up-to-date review of clinical and experimental pain trials. A systematic review including 14 trials (published 2006-2012) evaluating tDCS for the reduction of clinical and experimental pain identified a low level of evidence for its effectiveness. Only 1 trial had a low risk of bias. A meta-analysis of trials on clinical pain identified a small pain reducing effect that just reached clinical importance. To investigate the effectiveness of tDCS alone and in combination with CBT, a double-blind RCT was conducted; preceded by a feasibility study confirming practicability of trial procedures and patient acceptability of tDCS. Results indicated that tDCS alone or in combination with CBT did not significantly influence pain or disability. An updated meta-analysis, including this trial’s results, lowered the pain reducing effect of tDCS below clinical importance, and increased the level of evidence for its effectiveness to "high".
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Books on the topic "Direct reduction"

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Humiston, T. J. Production-scale direct oxide reduction demonstration. Edited by Santi D. J, Long J. L, Rockwell International. Rocky Flats Plant, and United States. Dept. of Energy. Albuquerque Operations Office. Golden, Colo: Rockwell International, Aerospace Operations, Rocky Flats Plant, 1989.

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Michael, Klein. Foreign direct investment and poverty reduction. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Private Sector Advisory Services Dept., 2001.

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1950-, Garber Steven, Rand Corporation, and Institute for Civil Justice (U.S.), eds. California's ozone-reduction strategy for light-duty vehicles: Direct costs, direct emission effects and market responses. Santa Monica, Calif: Rand, Institute for Civil Justice, 1996.

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J.C. van den Berg. Direct reduction of hematite fines with coal in a fluidized bed. Randburg, South Africa: Council for Mineral Technology, 1986.

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Abuluwefa, Husein. Effect of fluxes on the reducibility of iron ore pellets in direct reduction iron making. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 1989.

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Krauter, Stefan C. W. Solar electric power generation - photovoltaic energy systems: Modeling of optical and thermal performance, electrical yield, energy balance, effect on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Berlin: Springer, 2006.

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Burkhardt, Carlo. Production and characterisation of HDDR Nd-Fe-B powders based on material produced by the direct reduction process. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Beyond the blast furnace. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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Rutherford, Thomas Fox. The impact on Russia of WTO accession and the DOHA agenda: The importance of liberalization of barriers against foreign direct investment in services for growth and poverty reduction. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.

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Geoghegan, Susan M. Modulating the redox propertoes of a flavoprotein; cloning, expression and site-directed mutagenesis of flavodoxin from M. elsdenii. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Direct reduction"

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Mansheng, Chu, and Xu Kuangdi. "Direct Reduction Ironmaking." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–5. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_1394-1.

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Mansheng, Chu, and Xu Kuangdi. "Direct Reduction Iron." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_1393-1.

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Dong, Kai, Hongyang Wang, and Zhenqiang Jiang. "Direct Reduction Iron Process." In Resource Utilization of Solid Waste by Thermometallurgy in Steel Processes, 5–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5655-5_2.

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Vankka, Jouko, and Kari Halonen. "Spur Reduction Techniques in Sine Output Direct Digital Synthesizer." In Direct Digital Synthesizers, 63–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3395-2_7.

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Aitken, Stuart, and Richard Buckley. "Direct and Indirect Reduction: Definitions, Indications, and Tips and Tricks." In Fracture Reduction and Fixation Techniques, 31–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68628-8_3.

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Ghebali, S., S. I. Chernyshenko, and M. A. Leschziner. "Turbulent-Drag Reduction by Oblique Wavy Wall Undulations." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation XI, 545–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04915-7_72.

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Zhang, Jianliang, Kejiang Li, Zhengjian Liu, and Tianjun Yang. "Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides with Hydrogen." In Primary Exploration of Hydrogen Metallurgy, 117–71. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6827-5_3.

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Raabe, Dierk, Hauke Springer, Isnaldi Souza Filho, and Yan Ma. "Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 107–8. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22634-2_10.

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Kim, J., P. Moin, and H. Choi. "Active Turbulence Control in Wallbounded Flow Using Direct Numerical Simulations." In Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction, 417–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50971-1_35.

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Franken, A. D., S. R. Ephrati, P. Cifani, and B. J. Geurts. "DNS of Drag Reduction in Dispersed Bubbly Taylor-Couette Turbulence." In Direct and Large Eddy Simulation XIII, 241–46. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47028-8_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Direct reduction"

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Arsene, L., A. Hertrich, S. Tiburzio, and L. Tommasi. "Recovering Fines in Direct Reduction Plants." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/238-23114-466.

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Arsene, L., A. Hertrich, S. Tiburzio, and L. Tommasi. "Recovering Fines in Direct Reduction Plants." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/138.

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Yousuff, Ajmal, Ian Dias, and B.-C. Chang. "Controller Reduction by Direct Feed-Through." In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790389.

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Di Battista, Davide, Roberto Cipollone PhD, and Roberto Carapellucci PhD. "A Novel Option for Direct Waste Heat Recovery from Exhaust Gases of Internal Combustion Engines." In CO2 Reduction for Transportation Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-37-0004.

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Lanni, Davide, and Enzo Galloni. "Direct Water Injection Strategies for Performance Improvement of a Turbocharged Spark-Ignition Engine at High Load Operation." In CO2 Reduction for Transportation Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-37-0007.

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Sugiyama, Masashi, Satoshi Hara, Paul von Bünau, Taiji Suzuki, Takafumi Kanamori, and Motoaki Kawanabe. "Direct Density Ratio Estimation with Dimensionality Reduction." In Proceedings of the 2010 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611972801.52.

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Cantiani, Antonio, Annarita Viggiano, and Vinicio Magi. "On the Direct Injection of Supercritical and Superheated H2O into ICEs: The Role of the Injector Geometry." In CO2 Reduction for Transportation Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-37-0002.

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Bittenson, Steven N., and Frederick E. Becker. "Direct Chemical Reduction of NOx in Diesel Exhaust." In International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982515.

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Goto, Yuichi, and Yoshio Sato. "NOx Reduction on Direct Injection Natural Gas Engines." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3608.

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Ishiyama, Hiroaki, and Masaki Yamakita. "Support vector machine data reduction for Direct Filter." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2014.6981568.

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Reports on the topic "Direct reduction"

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Humiston, T. J., D. J. Santi, J. L. Long, and I. C. Delaney. Production-scale Direct Oxide Reduction demonstration. Edited by R. L. Thomas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6188699.

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Long, J. L., D. J. Santi, D. C. Fisher, and T. J. Humiston. Direct oxide reduction demonstration, small-scale studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5661308.

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Long, J., D. Santi, D. Fisher, and T. Humiston. Direct oxide reduction demonstration, small-scale studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10123565.

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Baldwin, C., J. Berry, R. Giebel, J. Long, W. Moser, J. Navratil, and S. Tibbitts. Direct plutonium oxide reduction/electrorefining interface program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5834900.

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Robert S. Weber. ADVANCED BYPRODUCT RECOVERY: DIRECT CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF SO2 TO ELEMENTAL SULFUR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14458.

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Parkinson, David Allen. Metal Chlorination, Coalescence, and Direct Oxide Reduction Progress Report: July 2019. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1558019.

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Fife, K. W., D. F. Bowersox, C. C. Davis, and E. D. McCormick. Direct oxide reduction (DOR) solvent salt recycle in pyrochemical plutonium recovery operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6820703.

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Lustig, Nora, Valentina Martinez Pabon, and Carola Pessino. Fiscal Policy, Income Redistribution, and Poverty Reduction in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005237.

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Abstract:
This paper uses standard fiscal incidence analysis to study how much income redistribution and poverty reduction are accomplished through the fiscal system in eighteen Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. We show there is considerable heterogeneity in the income inequality and poverty-reducing power of LAC fiscal systems. While all LAC fiscal systems reduce income inequality, fiscal systems in nine LAC countries are poverty-increasing, and this startling characteristic has not improved over time. When analyzing specific fiscal elements, we find that direct taxes, direct transfers, and in-kind transfers are all equalizing, and spending on education and health is often pro-poor. Moreover, contrary to expectations, indirect taxes and subsidies are more frequently equalizing than unequalizing.
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Lonergan, Charmayne E. Direct Feed Low-Activity Waste Physical Property and Analyte Measurement Reduction: Recommendations for Measurement Removal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1526729.

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Shaqfeh, E. S., P. Moln, S. Lele, Y. Dubief, and C. Dimitropoulos. Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Drag Reduction: Molecular Modeling Molecular Optimization and Modeling without Consititutive Equations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421417.

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