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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct realism'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Brown, Harold I. "Direct Realism, Indirect Realism, and Epistemology." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 52, no. 2 (June 1992): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2107939.

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2

Robinson, Howard. "SEMANTIC DIRECT REALISM." American Philosophical Quarterly 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/48570645.

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Abstract The most common form of direct realism is Phenomenological Direct Realism (PDR). PDR is the theory that direct realism consists in unmediated awareness of the external object in the form of unmediated awareness of its relevant properties. I contrast this with Semantic Direct Realism (SDR), the theory that perceptual experience puts you in direct cognitive contact with external objects but does so without the unmediated awareness of the objects’ intrinsic properties invoked by PDR. PDR is what most understand by direct realism. My argument is that, under pressure from the arguments from illusion and hallucination, defenders of intentionalist theories, and even of relational theories, in fact retreat to SDR. I also argue briefly that the sense-datum theory is compatible with SDR and so nothing is gained by adopting either of the more fashionable theories.
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3

Costa, Claudio. "Non-naïve direct realism." Revista Perspectiva Filosófica - ISSN: 2357-9986 49, no. 2 (May 3, 2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2357-9986.2022.253881.

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This paper aims to answer some main arguments against direct realism. It is based on two theses: that of the Janus face of perceptual experience, and that of the cognitive primacy of sensory content (sense data). Together they help us give better answers to the old arguments of illusion and of science against direct realism.
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4

Butchvarov, Panayot. "Direct Realism without Materialism." Midwest Studies in Philosophy 19 (1994): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4975.1994.tb00276.x.

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5

윤보석. "Direct Realism and Illusion." CHUL HAK SA SANG - Journal of Philosophical Ideas ll, no. 49 (August 2013): 177–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15750/chss..49.201308.007.

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6

Brewer, Bill. "Attention and Direct Realism." Analytic Philosophy 54, no. 4 (December 2013): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phib.12031.

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7

Aydede, Murat. "Naturalism, introspection, and direct realism about pain." Consciousness & Emotion 2, no. 1 (October 12, 2001): 29–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ce.2.1.03ayd.

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This paper examines pain states (and other intransitive bodily sensations) from the perspective of the problems they pose for pure informational/representational approaches to naturalizing qualia. I start with a comprehensive critical and quasi-historical discussion of so-called Perceptual Theories of Pain (e.g., Armstrong, Pitcher), as these were the natural predecessors of the more modern direct realist views. I describe the theoretical backdrop (indirect realism, sense-data theories) against which the perceptual theories were developed. The conclusion drawn is that pure representationalism about pain in the tradition of direct realist perceptual theories (e.g., Dretske, Tye) leaves out something crucial about the phenomenology of pain experiences, namely, their affective character. I touch upon the role that introspection plays in such representationalist views, and indicate how it contributes to the source of their trouble vis-à-vis bodily sensations. The paper ends by briefly commenting on the relation between the affective/evaluative component of pain and the hedonic valence of emotions.
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8

Fumerton, Richard. "Externalism and Epistemological Direct Realism." Monist 81, no. 3 (1998): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/monist199881320.

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9

Hodes, Greg. "Lonergan and Perceptual Direct Realism." International Philosophical Quarterly 47, no. 2 (2007): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ipq200747243.

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10

Peterson, John. "DIRECT REALISM, SKEPTICISM AND TRUTH." Grazer Philosophische studien 31, no. 1 (August 13, 1988): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-90000353.

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11

BONJOUR, LAURENCE. "In Search of Direct Realism." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 69, no. 2 (September 2004): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2004.tb00398.x.

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12

SIEGEL, Susanna. "Direct Realism and Perceptual Consciousness." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 73, no. 2 (September 2006): 378–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2006.tb00623.x.

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13

SMITH, A. D. "In Defence of Direct Realism." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 73, no. 2 (September 2006): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2006.tb00624.x.

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14

Studdert-Kennedy, Michael. "Two cheers for direct realism." Journal of Phonetics 14, no. 1 (January 1986): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30597-2.

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15

Gibson, Roger F. "McDowell's Direct Realism and Platonic Naturalism." Philosophical Issues 7 (1996): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1522912.

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16

Hilbert, David. "Hallucination, Sense-Data and Direct Realism." Philosophical Studies 120, no. 1-3 (July 2004): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:phil.0000033754.22719.c3.

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17

Buras, J. Todd. "The Problem with Reid's Direct Realism." Philosophical Quarterly 52, no. 209 (October 2002): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9213.00280.

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18

FUMERTON, Richard. "Direct Realism, Introspection, and Cognitive Science1." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 73, no. 3 (November 2006): 680–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2006.tb00554.x.

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19

Soldati, Gianfranco. "II-Direct Realism and Immediate Justification." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Hardback) 112, no. 1pt1 (April 2012): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9264.2012.00324.x.

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20

Wilson, Keith A. "Reid's Direct Realism and Visible Figure." Philosophical Quarterly 63, no. 253 (September 13, 2013): 783–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2013.02002.x.

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21

Hobson, Kenneth. "In Defense of Relational Direct Realism." European Journal of Philosophy 21, no. 4 (March 22, 2011): 550–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0378.2011.00462.x.

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22

Wood, Mark A., Briony Anderson, and Imogen Richards. "Breaking Down the Pseudo-Pacification Process: Eight Critiques of Ultra-Realist Crime Causation Theory." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 3 (November 3, 2019): 642–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz069.

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Abstract This paper critically examines ultra-realist criminology’s two central crime causation theories: the breakdown of the pseudo-pacification process and special liberty. We identify a number of shortcomings in these theories pertaining to (1) their explanation of gender-related disparities in criminal offending; (2) their explanation of violence reduction through Freudian notions of drives, libidinal energy, and sublimation; and (3) their explication of crime as an expression of capitalist values. Fundamentally, we suggest that in treating political economy as the underlying source of all causative power in society, both theories engage in what Margaret Archer terms ‘downwards conflationism’. To this end, ultra-realism offers what we term a ‘direct expression theory of crime’, in which crime is a synecdoche and direct unmediated expression of political-economic conditions alone. Drawing on Margaret Archer’s realist social theory, we conclude by sketching out several potential principles of an ‘indirect expression theory’ that avoid the shortcomings of ultra-realism in explaining the complicated relationship between political economy and crime.
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23

Wolterstorff, Nicholas. "What Sort of Epistemological Realist was Thomas Reid?" Journal of Scottish Philosophy 4, no. 2 (September 2006): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2006.4.2.111.

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Reid's theory of perception has long been cited as a paradigmatic example of direct realism; and the term “direct” undoubtedly carries the connotation that external objects are items in “the manifold of intuition.” There are important ways in which perception, on Reid's analysis, undoubtedly is immediate and direct. Nonetheless, this paper contends that, with the exception of his account of our perception of visible fi gure, Reid's theory is not an example of direct realism, if a condition of a theory of percep- tion's being a direct realist theory is that it hold that perception yields acquaintance with external objects, so that those objects are present to consciousness. The defense given in Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology of the no-acquaintance interpretation of Reid's theory occurred in the context of a comprehensive account of Reid's theory of perception, and was accordingly brief. This essay places that interpretation in the center of attention so as to offer a more adequate defense, developing somewhat more fully the arguments briefly presented in the book, and adding some additional considerations.
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24

Hulbert, Mark. "DESCARTES' DIRECT REALISM AND THE THIRD MEDITATION." Southern Journal of Philosophy 31, no. 1 (March 1993): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1993.tb00668.x.

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25

Bravo, Monica. "“The Last Word in Direct Naive Realism”." American Art 34, no. 1 (March 2020): 20–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/709414.

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26

Shook, John R. "The Direct Contextual Realism Theory of Perception." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 17, no. 4 (2003): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2003.0059.

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27

Copenhaver, Rebecca. "A realism for Reid: mediated but direct." British Journal for the History of Philosophy 12, no. 1 (February 2004): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0960878042000188856.

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28

FUMERTON, RICHARD. "Brewer, Direct Realism, and Acquaintance with Acquaintance." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63, no. 2 (September 2001): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2001.tb00114.x.

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29

J. Boongaling, Pamela Ann. "On the perils of A.D. Smith’s direct realism." Discusiones Filosóficas 19, no. 33 (July 1, 2018): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/difil.2018.19.33.2.

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A rebuttal of the version of A.D. Smith’s version of direct realism according to which one can directly perceive the purely physical objects in the external world (Smith, 2002) is presented in this article. It is argued that, even if Smith can incorporate a characterization of veridical perception that takes into account the phenomenological character of our perceptual experiences, his theory of perception remains incoherent for it is unable to provide a solution to the inconsistency of the metaphysical and epistemic theses of his theory. For this reason, his version of direct realism is untenable.
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30

Macdonald, Paul A. "Direct Realism and Aquinas’s Account of Sensory Cognition." Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review 71, no. 3 (2007): 343–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tho.2007.0012.

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31

Dougherty, Jude P., and Edward Pols. "Radical Realism: Direct Knowing in Science and Philosophy." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 55, no. 3 (September 1995): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2108455.

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32

Galloway, Graeme. "Direct Realism and the Analysis of Perceptual Error." Theory & Psychology 10, no. 5 (October 2000): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354300105002.

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33

Rantzen, Andy J. "Constructivism, Direct Realism and the Nature of Error." Theory & Psychology 3, no. 2 (May 1993): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354393032001.

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34

Michell, Joel. "Maze's direct realism and the character of cognition." Australian Journal of Psychology 40, no. 3 (August 1988): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049538808260045.

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35

Nathan, N. M. L. "Direct realism: Proximate causation and the missing object." Acta Analytica 20, no. 3 (September 2005): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12136-005-1025-z.

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36

Sulko, Lirim. "THE POETICS OF REALISM AND THAT OF SOCIALIST REALISM." International Journal of Applied Language Studies and Culture 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34301/alsc.v2i2.21.

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When discussing the poetics of realism, we consider the fact that the indisputable dominant literary genre is the novel which, since the 18th century, in the context of romantization, turned out to be a suitable form for expressing the basic contradiction of romantization, the one between the individual and the community, where the hero is a direct expression of the archetype of the romantic individual. Later, in the nineteenth century, the novel became the main literary genre in Western literature as well, which, through the development of the psychological novel (the non-psychological, pre-psychological novel, is only a form of epic or satire) becomes an expression of the individualist vocation characterizing western civilization, when the latter has finally passed from the traditional (holistic) society to modern (individualist) society. Even in the poetics of socialist realism, the novel remains the most favorite lyrical genre (in addition to poems and lyrical poetry) being directly linked to the base paradigm of the communist regime, which was the creation of a ‘New Man’.
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37

Fourie, Pieter Jacobus. "Rolprent, Televisie en die Omgewing." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 9, no. 2 (November 10, 2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v9i2.2015.

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Against the background of the realist and expressionist film theories it is argued in this article that directors of films/videos on the environment should work in a more realistic style. The purpose should be to develop closer contact between the viewer and the environment. A brief descrip tion of realism and expressionism as two dominant styles in filmmaking and of Direct cinema and cinéma vérité is given, and the implications of these styles for the relationship Image/environment are discussed.
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38

Brink, David O. "Realism, Naturalism, and Moral Semantics." Social Philosophy and Policy 18, no. 2 (2001): 154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500002946.

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The prospects for moral realism and ethical naturalism have been important parts of recent debates within metaethics. As a first approximation,moral realismis the claim that there are facts or truths about moral matters that are objective in the sense that they obtain independently of the moral beliefs or attitudes of appraisers.Ethical naturalismis the claim that moral properties of people, actions, and institutions are natural, rather than occult or supernatural, features of the world. Though these metaethical debates remain unsettled, several people, myself included, have tried to defend the plausibility of both moral realism and ethical naturalism. I, among others, have appealed to recent work in the philosophy of language—in particular, to so-called theories of “direct reference” —to defend ethical naturalism against a variety of semantic worries, including G. E. Moore's “open question argument.” In response to these arguments, critics have expressed doubts about the compatibility of moral realism and direct reference. In this essay, I explain these doubts, and then sketch the beginnings of an answer—but understanding both the doubts and my answer requires some intellectual background.
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39

Lange, Marc. "Would "Direct Realism" Resolve the Classical Problem of Induction?" Nous 38, no. 2 (June 2004): 197–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0068.2004.00468.x.

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40

Hoffman, Paul. "Direct Realism, Intentionality, and the Objective Being of Ideas." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 83, no. 2 (June 2002): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0114.00141.

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41

Huemer, Michael. "Direct Realism and the Brain-in-a-Vat Argument." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 61, no. 2 (September 2000): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2653657.

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42

Meadows, Phillip John. "On A. D. Smith’s constancy based defence of direct realism." Philosophical Studies 163, no. 2 (October 21, 2011): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-011-9828-9.

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43

Gusev, Aleksandr A. "The problem of perception: disjunctivism vs representationalism." Philosophy Journal 15, no. 1 (2022): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-115-130.

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The article explores discussions surrounding the problem of perception, the grounds of which can be explicated through the antinomy between two components: the argument from the transparency of experience and the argument from hallucination. In general, the argument from transparency is used to justify direct realism, and the argument from hal­lucination is usually associated with attempts to refute direct realism and establish the sense-data theory. The latter has a rich history in analytical philosophy in the first half of the twentieth century, but ultimately philosophers came to the conclusion that it had seri­ous theoretical flaws. In the second half of the twentieth century, the position of represen­tationalism became orthodox, which not only retained some of the realistic intuitions of direct realists, but blocked the argument from hallucination. The article demonstrates that if we accept the common kind assumption, then representationalism “loses” material ob­jects as constituents of perception, as in the case of the theory of sense-data. In recent decades, direct realism in the form of disjunctivism has returned to the battlefield in the philosophy of perception. Within its framework, the common kind assumption is blocked, which makes it possible to protect the ontology of direct realism without facing the disad­vantages of the representationalist option. Nevertheless, the author proposes his own ap­proach to solving the problem of perception, revealing a problematic presupposition com­mon to both components of the antinomy. It turns out to be a methodological principle that connects introspective theses with metaphysical ones, which is faced with an ana­logue of the problem of the guillotine of D. Hume. The author concludes that although the problem of perception loses its foundation, this does not devalue the very discussions about the conceptions of perception. Rather, it indicates the need for reflection on the very methodology of modern philosophy of perception.
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44

Majkut, Paul. "Bookish Philosophy and Immediated Realism." Glimpse 22, no. 1 (2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/glimpse20212219.

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Disputes among conflicting “schools of thought,” located predominantly in philosophy departments in universities throughout the world, have degenerated into an academic, bookish philosophy that threatens to replace the discourse of wonder with the jargon of specialists. An elite process of inbred, intellectual decay renders all schools to a discourse that restricts philosophical discourse to print media, professional / professorial standards replace open-ended discussion, and “publish or perish” deflates the value of discourse. Literacy becomes the benchmark of understanding, and illiteracy is equated with lack of understanding. A tyranny of the articulate dismisses the wisdom of ordinary discourse, and the book itself becomes a coffin whose colophon page is a gravestone inscribed with the date of death of the corpse text within. Escape from this inevitable condition can be found in a return to the ordinary, common language and direct realism of the everyday human through a process of mediation, unmediation, and immediation.
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45

Soc, Andrija. "Deliberative democracy between moralism and realism." Filozofija i drustvo 27, no. 4 (2016): 920–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1604920s.

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The topic of this paper is the debate between political moralists and political realists. I will try to show that it is possible to find the middle ground that simultaneously satisfies the main demands of both camps while resisting objections directed against each. In the first part, I start with the view shared by both moralists and realists: that the main challenge lying before a political theory is solving the problem of legitimacy. I first sketch Rawls? moralist approach. I then move to outline the realist criticisms of such moralism. I will mainly follow one of the most detailed recent theories - Sleat?s realist theory, although I will also draw from other well-known realists. In the second part, I outline objections against realism. They somewhat similar to the same criticisms they themselves direct against moralists. The main issue is, in short, the problem of underdetermination - that is, the insufficient determination of political action by facts. Since realists hold that a political theory has to be applicable, their view is thus considerably weakened by such criticism. In the third part of the paper, I point to deliberative theory as a view that can answer both realist criticism - because its main aspect is dealing with the way things work in actual politics of concrete societies - but it can also answer criticisms directed against realists themselves, because empirical research of deliberation suggests an actual and viable way to solve the problem of legitimacy - by raising the quality of deliberation. Moreover, a deliberative theory retains autonomy of the ethical, although it doesn?t do that, unlike moralism, by encroaching on the autonomy of politics. Thus, at the end of the paper, I claim that such a deliberative approach can be accepted by both realists and moralists.
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46

Morgan, Daniel. "Bazin's Modernism." Paragraph 36, no. 1 (March 2013): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2013.0075.

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One of the basic assumptions about André Bazin's theory of cinema has been that his idea of realism stands in direct opposition to modernism. In this article, I further develop a revised account of Bazin's realism that I have offered elsewhere, which rethinks the basic assumptions of ontology and realism in his work. This brings Bazin into a surprising affinity with tenets of high (reflexive) modernism. From this position, a re-examination of his engagement with the films of Orson Welles not only shows Bazin to be wrestling with those issues in his criticism but also provides a way to rethink a number of positions in film theory that have historically been associated with a stringently reflexive modernism.
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47

Christy, Justin. "The world is my representation: Direct realism and the extended mind." Metascience 28, no. 3 (June 17, 2019): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-019-00431-z.

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48

Vitry, A., B. Mintzes, and J. Lexchin. "Direct-to-consumer advertising policy in Australia: realism in whose interests?" Internal Medicine Journal 37, no. 9 (September 2007): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01447.x.

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49

AKKAN GÜNGÖR, Dr Öğr Üyesi Fatma. "A. Chalmers’ın Radikal Enstrümentalizm veya Plüralistik Realizminin Uluslararası İlişkiler İçin Yorumu." International Journal of Social Sciences 6, no. 24 (May 20, 2022): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.6.24.26.

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A. Chalmers emphasizes that scientific theories and the external world are real, but they can’t be equated with each other. Scientific theories are produced and modified incessantly as a result of scientific practice. The willingness to call this interpretation of realism as a pluralistic is related to this. Both the external world and world of theories are real, but they are different from each other. They are brought together by third reality, scientific practice. The position he advocates is the instrumentalist in that it rejects a direct link between theories and the real world and it refuses to be seen as attempts to explain how theories really are. The neorealism will be criticized via the mentioned approach, and neorealist would fit into this group that Chalmers defines as naïve instrumentalist. All concepts that trying to explain the international relations after 1980 will be discussed in line with his radical instrumentalism or pluralistic realism. Keywords: Alan Chalmers, Radical Instrumentalism, Pluralistic Realism, Neo-realism, Theory.
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50

Gusev, A. A. "Qualia realism and representationalism." Philosophy of Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (2021): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2021-26-1-107-121.

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The article deals with the problem of naturalistic explanation of an essential feature of all conscious mental states – the phenomenal character. The conception of qualia realism can be considered as one of the options for a non-naturalistic explanation of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, it is believed that the phenomenal character of experience can be explained in terms of representational content that are more acceptable to naturalism. As a rule, in these discussions, qualia are identified with the non-representational properties of experience – mental paint. The author analyzes in detail the relationship between the concepts of “qualia” and “mental paint” in the key work of G. Harman. It is shown that Harman’s argument against qualia realism fails. He defined qualia in terms of the mental paint conception, which contains consequences that replace the original thesis of qualia realism. To attack the foundations of qualia realism in a more relevant way, the author develops A. Kind’s idea of the epistemic dimension of qualia. Kind points out that since the philosophers arrived at the question of the existence of qualia by considering the plausibility of functionalism, they were so focused on metaphysical considerations that they forgot that this phenomenon is connected in the first epistemic dimension. On the basis of this, a new version of the argument from transparency of experience versus qualia realism was proposed. The argument demonstrates that the qualia realism fails the test of introspective analysis of perceptual experience. Qualia turn out to be theoretical objects that do not fulfill their prescribed explanatory function. This undermines the foundations of metaphysical arguments against the reductionist approach to consciousness, since they proceeded from the assumption of the existence of referents of the concept of “qualia”. The variant of the explanation of the phenomenal character of experience in terms of representationalism also faces internal problems. In this regard, the author offers the option of direct realism, since it is well compatible with the transparency thesis and is generally consistent with the naturalistic attitudes of the representationalism.
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