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Books on the topic 'Direct realism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Radical realism: Direct knowing in science and philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.

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2

Hammond, Albert L. Theory of knowledge: A direct realist approach. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1996.

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3

Andonovski, Venko. Strukturata na makedonskiot realističen roman. Skopje: Detska radost, 1997.

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4

L' aventure du cinéma direct revisitée: Histoire, esthétique, méthodes, tendances, textes des cinéastes, repères chronologiques, glossaire, index. Laval, Québec: 400 coups, 1997.

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5

Erlebte Rede in der russischen Literature: Vom Sentimentalismus zum sozialistischen Realismus. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2001.

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6

Jorgensen, Charles C. Direct adaptive aircraft control using dynamic cell structure neural networks. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1997.

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7

Keidan, Artemij, and Luca Alfieri, eds. Deissi, riferimento, metafora. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-744-7.

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This collection of essays by young specialists in linguistic disciplines addresses the oldest – and yet still topical – issues in the debate on language. It also includes a contribution by the famous Russian semiologist Boris Uspenskij (pupil, friend and collaborator of L. Hjelmslev, R. Jakobson and M. Lotman). Valentina Martina explores the relation between the plane of linguistic meanings and reality through an analysis of the concept of "system". The article by Artemij Keidan addresses the problem of the definition of deixis and its role in the disambiguation of proposition, with special reference to structuralism and contemporary theories on direct reference. The work of Luca Alfieri takes its cue from recent studies on cognition to demonstrate the unsustainability of the Jacobsonian dichotomy of metaphor and metonymy. Rounding off the book is an essay by Boris Uspenskij on the role of personal pronouns in the structure of language, in semiotics and in human communication, lavishly illustrated with examples and historical curiosities.
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8

Direct versus Indirect Realism. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2015-0-06974-x.

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9

Maloney, J. Christopher. Direct Realism and Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190854751.003.0008.

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The supposed problem of perceptual error, including illusion and hallucination, has led most theories of perception to deny formulations of direct realism. The standard response to this apparent problem adopts the mistaken presupposition that perception is indeed liable to error. However, the prevailing conditions of observation are themselves elements of perceptual representation, functioning in the manner of predicate modifiers. They ensure that the predicates applied in perceptual representations do indeed correctly attribute properties that perceived physical objects actually instantiate. Thus, perceptual representations are immune to misrepresentation of the sort misguidedly supposed by the spurious problem of perceptual misrepresentation. Granted the possibility that perceptual attribution admits of predicate modification, it is quite possible that perceptual experience permits both rudimentary and sophisticated conceptualization. Moreover, such treatment of perceptual predication rewards by providing an account of aspect alteration exemplified by perception of ambiguous stimuli.
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10

Maloney, J. Christopher. Direct Realism and Hallucination. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190854751.003.0009.

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Perception provides direct acquaintance with existent physical objects, if direct realism is true. However, hallucination involves perceptual experience of what does not exist. How should a direct realist rendition of perception confront hallucination? Fictivism proposes that the creation of objects of perception is secured by a person’s perception of them. Disjunctivism differentiates hallucination from perception while mistakenly insisting that hallucination is not in the brief of any genuinely coherent theory of perception. Direct realism rejects both fictivism and disjunctivism. Perception only detects and discovers—never creates nor concocts—when it represents its objects. Perception is cognition’s grip on the objectively real. If so, then accounts may be ready at hand to accommodate the likes of perception of the past, inverted and absent phenomenal character, as well as blindsight.
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11

Smith, David Woodruff. Perception, context, and direct realism. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199594900.013.0008.

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12

Maloney, J. Christopher. Direct Realism and the Extended Mind. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190854751.003.0007.

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Representationalism rightly treats perception as a type of cognitive representation. However, it wrongly proposes that perceptual content determines phenomenal character. Rather, it is the form, not the content, of a perceptual representation that constitutes phenomenal character. For direct realism is true: Perception is that form of cognition in which representation and represented are the same. Other forms of cognition recruit representations that are distinct from what they represent. In contrast, perceptual representation extends the mind's reach into the world by casting the very object perceived in the role of a self-referential demonstrative. By fusing representation and represented perception provides direct acquaintance with what is seen exactly as it is seen to be and thus determines phenomenal character.
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13

Gram, D. Direct Realism: A Study of Perception. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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14

Gram, D. Direct Realism: A Study of Perception. Springer, 2011.

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15

Direct versus Indirect Realism: A Neurophilosophical Debate on Consciousness. Academic Press, 2018.

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16

Smythies, John, and Robert E. French. Direct Versus Indirect Realism: A Neurophilosophical Debate on Consciousness. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2018.

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17

Priel, Dan. The Return of Legal Realism. Edited by Markus D. Dubber and Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.25.

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This chapter considers what might be called the ‘realist puzzle’: How can scholars who otherwise agree on very little all see themselves as legal realists? It suggests four possible explanations, not mutually exclusive: (a) that the Realists’ ideas were banal and obvious; (b) that they identified something fundamental that—despite all other differences—all contemporary legal scholars now accept; (c) that different people simply identified in the realists whatever they had already believed; and finally (d) that the Realists were less consistent than people commonly assume. Although there is little direct discussion of the realist puzzle in writings on legal realism, it is a useful framework for considering some current trends in scholarship on legal realism, in a way that helps put some recent discussions in a new light.
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18

What It Is Like to Perceive: Direct Realism and the Phenomenal Character of Perception. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2018.

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19

Lewis, Hannah. Source Music and Cinematic Realism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635978.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 focuses on the role of diegetic music in early poetic realist films. Poetic realism, the filmmaking genre that emerged out of the politics of the mid-1930s, had its roots in transition-era films by filmmakers such as Jean Grémillon, Julien Duvivier, Jacques Feyder, and perhaps most notably, Jean Renoir. The soundtracks of these filmmakers tended to favor a “realistic” incorporation of music into the narrative, an aesthetic decision grounded in a broader preference for direct recording, and frequently featured popular songs and street musicians to enhance the realism of a film’s setting. But diegetic music in early poetic realist films was multivalent, revealing the emotions or thoughts of characters, providing narrative commentary, and at times going against the expectations of a scene’s mood or actions. Considering diegetic music in early poetic realist sound films shows the ways in which audiovisual realism and stylization worked hand in hand.
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20

Millar, Alan. Perception and the Vagaries of Experience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809630.003.0009.

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An adequate theory of perception would be Direct Realist in that it represents our perception of things in our surroundings to be routinely direct. This paper considers what Direct Realism is and how it constrains a theory of sensory experience. Some Direct Realists—relationalists—hold additionally that, for instance, the visual experiences implicated in visual perceptions of our surroundings are essentially relational in that they are episodes of awareness of mind-independent objects. There are Direct Realists who are not relationalists. This discussion explores what is at issue between these different camps. Relationalists think that non-relationalists cannot make sense of the connection between perception and demonstrative thought. It is argued that the reasons commonly given for pessimism on this score are not good. A constructive proposal on behalf of non-relationalists is sketched. The discussion concludes by briefly considering whether the non-relationalist conception of experience enables us to make sense of empiricism.
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21

McKay, Janet Holmgren. Narration and Discourse in American Realistic Fiction. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.

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22

Gersel, Johan. What is the Myth of the Given? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809630.003.0005.

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McDowell defends conceptualism about experiential content by arguing that contrary views of experience are forms of the Myth of the Given. The direct realist view of experience, which rejects experiential content altogether, is thus, according to McDowell, a mythical view of experience. A series of defenders of direct realism have responded to McDowell’s accusations. However, the recent debate has revealed that there is very little agreement on the details of McDowell’s argument, let alone on how to respond to it. I will argue that the responses to McDowell given by thinkers such as Travis, Brewer, Kalderon and Johnson, all rest on various misunderstandings of his line of argument. The aim of this paper is to provide an interpretation of the Myth of the Given, which lives up to the dialectical role it plays in McDowell’s argumentation. I aim to elaborate the notions of reasons and the notion of conceptuality in play in McDowell’s writings. On this basis I present an argument leading from the requirement that experience provides reasons for thought to the conclusion that experience must possess conceptual content.
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23

Stroud, Barry. Ways of Meaning and Knowing Moral Realities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809753.003.0018.

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This chapter examines some of the important and distinctive features of Mark Platts’ views on morality and on the kind of knowledge and understanding human beings have of it. In his Ways of Meaning, Platts sought ‘to present and discuss…the most important recent contributions to the philosophy of language’. The most important recent contributions to that subject through the 1970s were Donald Davidson’s elaborations of the idea of a theory of meaning for a particular language. This chapter considers Platts’ defence of the theory that he calls a form of ‘realism’, It considers specifically his ‘realist’ or ‘objectivist’ account of evaluative thought that stresses its direct connection with the non-‘epistemic’ conception of meaning and understanding from which it is derived.
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24

Cramer, Franz Anton. Warfare over Realism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036767.003.0010.

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This chapter describes the development of East German dance after the proclamation of national independence in 1949. This development was constructed within a larger debate about realism and the role of art-making in a socialist state. The importance of these questions inspired leading authors to attempt to define the meaning of realism in dance over a period of twenty years. These ideologies evolved along with the broader political and economic situation in the German Democratic Republic. The chapter focuses on the significant 1966 founding of the Tanztheater company at East Berlin's Komische Oper and the role played by its artistic director and chief choreographer, Tom Schilling. The unstable legacy of his work reveals that the question of how to create dances that are both politically effective as well as successful works of art has yet to be resolved.
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25

Akyüz, Yilmaz. Foreign Direct Investment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797173.003.0006.

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Recent years have also seen increased openness of EDEs to foreign direct investment (FDI) in search for faster growth and greater stability. However, FDI is one of the most ambiguous and least understood concepts in international economics. Common debate is confounded by several myths regarding its nature and impact. It is often portrayed as a stable, cross-border flow of capital that adds to productive capacity and meets foreign exchange shortfalls. However, the reality is far more complex. FDI does not always involve inflows of financial or real capital. Greenfield investment, unlike mergers and acquisitions, makes a direct contribution to productive capacity, but can crowd out domestic investors. FDI can induce significant instability in currency and financial markets. Its immediate contribution to balance-of-payments may be positive, but its longer-term impact is often negative because of high-profit remittances and import contents.
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26

Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification: A Direct Realist and Conceptualist Theory of Foundationalism. Lexington Books, 2006.

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27

Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification: A Direct Realist and Conceptualist Theory of Foundationalism. Lexington Books, 2006.

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28

Porter, Steven. Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification: A Direct Realist and Conceptualist Theory of Foundationalism. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2006.

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29

Gellera, Giovanni. Common Sense and Ideal Theory in Seventeenth-Century Scottish Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783909.003.0002.

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In the nineteenth century James McCosh and many others identified the Common Sense school with “Scottish philosophy” tout court: the supposedly collective “Scottish” reply to Hume was the rejection of skepticism and Ideal Theory. This chapter addresses the anticipations of the Common Sense school and its broader place in the history of Scottish philosophy. The seventeenth-century Scottish philosophers reacted to Cartesian skepticism with epistemological views which anticipate Thomas Reid: direct realism and perception as a faculty of judgment. Common sense-like views seem to have been a popular strategy against skepticism already before the Common Sense school, thus providing additional evidence for McCosh’s claim of the special role of common sense in the history of Scottish philosophy.
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30

Yetter-Chappell, Helen. Idealism Without God. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746973.003.0005.

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This chapter develops a novel non-theistic (quasi-)Berkeleyan idealism. The strategy is to peel away the attributes of God that aren’t essential for the role he plays in idealist metaphysics. Neither God’s desires, intentions, beliefs, nor his status as an agent is relevant to the metaphysical work he does in sustaining a robust reality. When we peel away these things, we’re left with a view on which reality is a vast unity of consciousness, weaving together sensory experiences into the familiar world around us. The chapter argues that if reality is fundamentally phenomenal in this way, we can give a unique account of perception that robustly captures direct realist intuitions of reality forming the ‘constituents’ of our experiences. The chapter assesses the unique virtues and challenges such a view faces, paying particular attention to the question of whether idealism entails a profligacy of physical laws.
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31

Ott, Walter. The Cartesians. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791713.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the crisis of perception as it figures in the work of four of Descartes’s immediate successors: Louis de la Forge, Robert Desgabets, Pierre-Sylvain Régis, and Antoine Arnauld. La Forge opts for a version of Descartes’s last view, which has no place for natural geometry. Desgabets defends a version of Descartes’s earliest view, which requires the mind to turn to the brain image. Régis thinks we sense colors and sounds and the rest and then use these to imagine extension. Arnauld’s case is especially problematic, since he rejects the mind-independent existence of sensible qualities but seems committed to some version of direct realism. He is then left with the question how the mind projects these illusory states on to extended bodies, a question for which he has no answer.
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32

Amor en Directo Popped Books4pocket Romantica. Spanish Publishers, 2010.

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33

Rossi, Enzo. Understanding Religion, Governing Religion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794394.003.0005.

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Cécile Laborde has argued that the freedom we think of as ‘freedom of religion’ should be understood as a bundle of separate and relatively independent freedoms. This chapter criticizes that approach by pointing out that it is insufficiently sensitive to facts about the sorts of entities that liberal states are. It argues that states have good reasons to mould phenomena such as religion into easily governable monoliths. If this is a problem from the normative point of view, it is not due to descriptively inadequate accounts of religion, but a problem with a lack of realism about the sort of institutions states are. The chapter’s conclusion is a three-way disjunction: either one must reckon with liberal states’ historically determined limitations in the management of changing social phenomena, or one should direct one’s frustration at the marriage of liberalism and the state, or the very existence of states is normatively problematic.
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34

McDermid, Douglas. Reid and the Problem of the External World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789826.003.0004.

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The main purpose of this chapter is to understand how Thomas Reid (1710–96) understood what we now call ‘the problem of the external world’: the problem of whether we can have any knowledge of a material world if we have non-inferential knowledge of nothing but the subjective contents of our own minds. According to Reid, this sceptical problem is ill-posed: we do not need to prove the existence of the external world of matter any more than we need to prove the existence of the internal world of mind, since our belief in both is the direct effect of principles which we have by our very constitution. Hence Reid’s brand of common sense realism is best seen not as a solution to the problem of the external world, but as a denial of the Cartesian and representationalist assumptions which made that problem seem possible and urgent in the first place.
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35

New forms of work organisation: Can Europe realise its potential? : results of a survey of direct participation in Europe. Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1998.

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36

Oettingen, Gabriele, and Malin Patricia Chromik. How Hope Influences Goal-Directed Behavior. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and Shane J. Lopez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.6.

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This chapter explores how hope affects goal-directed behavior. In contrast to expectancy-based hope theories, hope is defined as positive fantasies about the future despite having low expectations of reaching the desired future. Depending on whether people indulge in these positive fantasies or mentally contrast them with the present reality, and depending on the situational contexts, such positive fantasies can serve different functions. In situations in which action alternatives are possible, positive fantasies complemented with obstacles of the present reality allow people to selectively pursue desired futures. People invest their limited resources in feasible futures. However, in situations in which action alternatives are not possible and people can neither reach their desired future nor disengage from it, indulging in positive fantasies without contrasting them with the reality can help people to endure the difficult situations. The chapter also considers affective aspects of hope and discusses directions for future research.
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37

Group, EPOC Research, and European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions., eds. New forms of work organisation: Can Europe realise its potential? : results of a survey of direct employee participation in Europe. Dublin, Ireland: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1997.

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38

New forms of work organisation: Can Europe realise its potential? Results of a survey of direct employee participation in Europe. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1997.

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39

Ross, Stephen J. Invisible Terrain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798385.001.0001.

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In his debut collection, Some Trees (1956), John Ashbery poses a question that resonates across his oeuvre and much modern art: “How could he explain to them his prayer / that nature, not art, might usurp the canvas?” When Ashbery asks this strange question, he joins a host of transatlantic avant-gardists—from the Dadaists to the 1960s neo-avant-gardists and beyond—who have dreamed the paradoxical dream of turning art into nature. Invisible Terrain examines Ashbery’s poetic mediation of this fantasy, reading his work alongside an array of practitioners, from Wordsworth to Warhol, as an exemplary case study of avant-garde transvaluation of Western nature aesthetics. Ashbery takes his coordinates from a constellation of British, American, and continental European poetic and visual art practices—from romantic nature poet John Clare’s presentational immediacy to the French “New Realism” movement’s “direct appropriation of the real” in the early 1960s—that share an emphasis on somehow transforming the material of art into a “second nature.” Nature, as Ashbery and his company understand it, is a vanguard horizon, a metaphor for art, that which lies beyond “art as we know it.” The fact that the artist can never realize this aesthetic fiction—which overturns what we generally mean by “art” and “nature”—makes it all the more powerful as a tool for staking out the limits of art. In chronicling Ashbery’s articulation of “a completely new kind of realism,” Invisible Terrain tells the larger story of nature’s transformation into a resolutely unnatural aesthetic resource in twentieth-century art and literature. But in documenting Ashbery’s eventual turn against this avant-garde tradition—most conspicuously in his archive of campy, intentionally “bad” nature poems—the project also registers queer resistance to the normative concept of nature itself as a governing conceit for art. The story begins in the late 1940s with the Abstract Expressionist valorization of process, surface, and immediacy—summed up by Jackson Pollock’s famous quip, “I am Nature”—that so influenced Ashbery’s early quest for transparent, anti-mimetic modes of composition. It ends with “Breezeway,” a poem about Hurricane Sandy and climate change. Along the way, Invisible Terrain documents Ashbery’s strategic literalization of the stream-of-consciousness metaphor, his pastoral dispersal of the lyric subject during the politically fraught Vietnam era, and his investment in “bad” nature poetry.
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40

Cave, Richard. Modernism and Irish Theatre 1900–1940. Edited by Nicholas Grene and Chris Morash. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.013.9.

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Modernism, defined here initially in its key features across the art forms, was a strong countercurrent to the dominant style of realism in Irish theatre in the first decades of the twentieth century. This is particularly evident in the dance dramas of W. B. Yeats and his other experiments with non-realist dramatic forms. Séan O’Casey, in his controversial playThe Silver Tassieand later works, drew on the bold techniques of expressionism. Denis Johnston, who emerged as a playwright from the 1920s Dublin Drama League, gave the Gate Theatre one of its key early successes inThe Old Lady Says No!. And it was in the Gate, with Hilton Edwards as director and Michéal Mac Liammóir as designer and actor, that Irish audiences were exposed to the internationally influential style of presentational staging.
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41

Filimon, Monica. Ineffable Experiences of the Profane World. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040764.003.0001.

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“I do not think that realism exists; it is merely a label,” claims director Cristi Puiu every time interviewers venture to use the term in relation to his work.1 Yet realism would be the first qualifier most critics would associate with his films, especially with the groundbreaking ...
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42

Tomoff, Kiril. Creative Union. Cornell University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801444111.001.0001.

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Why did the Stalin era, a period characterized by bureaucratic control and the reign of Socialist Realism in the arts, witness such an extraordinary upsurge of musical creativity and the prominence of musicians in the cultural elite? This is one of the questions that this book seeks to answer. The book shows how the Union of Soviet Composers established control over the music profession and negotiated the relationship between composers and the Communist Party leadership. Central to the book's argument is the institutional authority and prestige that the musical profession accrued and deployed within Soviet society, enabling musicians to withstand the postwar disciplinary campaigns that were so crippling in other artistic and literary spheres. Most accounts of Soviet musical life focus on famous individuals or the campaign against Shostakovich's ‘Lady Macbeth’ and Zhdanov's postwar attack on musical formalism. This book's approach, while not downplaying these notorious events, shows that the Union was able to develop and direct a musical profession that enjoyed enormous social prestige. The Union's leadership was able to use its expertise to determine the criteria of musical value with a degree of independence. The book reveals the complex and mutable interaction of creative intelligentsia and political elite in a period hitherto characterized as one of totalitarian control.
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43

Yuill, Gordon, and Simon Millar. International outreach. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0055.

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One dead every minute. The stark reality is that somewhere between 382,910 and 437,860 women worldwide died from a direct or indirect childbirth-related cause in 1990. This is an astonishing figure that eclipses the number of deaths from natural disasters such as the 2004 Asian tsunami and the 2010 Haitian earthquake. It is made worse when we realize that many of these deaths are avoidable and that there is an enormous variation in mortality rates across the planet. In 2010, Save the Children quoted the lifetime risk in Afghanistan as 1 in 6, compared to 1 in 47,600 in Ireland. Such discrepancies between the developed and developing countries are alarming and have been cited as ‘the largest discrepancy of all public-health statistics’, substantially greater than that for child or neonatal mortality. This chapter considers the size of the problem, the global initiatives aiming to tackle it, Millennium Development Goal 5, the role that obstetric anaesthesia can play, and how those who practise in the developed world can help their neighbours in developing countries.
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44

Hölscher, Tonio. Visual Power in Ancient Greece and Rome. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294936.001.0001.

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This book aims to explore the aspects of visuality in Greek and Roman culture, comprising the visual appearance of images as well as the reality of the social world. The face-to-face societies of ancient Greece and Rome were to a high degree based on civic presence and direct, immediate social interaction in which visual appearance and experience of beings and things was of paramount importance. The six chapters of the book are dedicated to action in space, memory over time, the appearance of the person, conceptualization of reality, and, finally, presentification and decor as fundamental categories of art in social practice.
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45

Makkreel, Rudolf A. Baumgarten and Kant on Clarity, Distinctness, and the Differentiation of our Mental Powers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783886.003.0007.

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This chapter examines Baumgarten’s empirical psychology by comparing it with Kant’s discussion of the same material in his Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Through a careful analysis of both texts, Makkreel shows that while Kant clearly adopts much of the structure and terminology of his own empirical psychology directly from Baumgarten, he nevertheless reworks and reorganizes these in quite different ways. According to Makkreel, this can be explained by Kant’s removal of empirical psychology from the realm of metaphysics, and his repurposing of Baumgarten’s ideas for the sake of developing a pragmatic, and ultimately morally directed, theory for the cultivation of the mind.
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46

Beer, Yishai. Military Strategy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881146.003.0004.

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This chapter points at a paradox related to the gap between law and reality. Since it is the strategic level of war that mostly affects war’s conduct, one might have expected that the law of armed conflict—whose stated agenda is to humanize war’s arena—would focus upon it. The current law, however, generally ignores the strategic discourse and prefers to scrutinize the conduct of war through a tactical lens. This chapter challenges the current blind spot of the law: its disregard of the direct consequences of war strategy and the war aims derived from it. Ignoring reality by disregarding military strategy carries a humanitarian price that will be demonstrated in the prevailing law of targeting. The chapter asks of those who want to comprehensively reduce war’s hazards to think strategically—indeed, to face reality—and to leverage military strategy as a constraining tool.
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47

Thompson, Evan. Looping Effects and the Cognitive Science of Mindfulness Meditation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495794.003.0003.

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Cognitive neuroscience tends to conceptualize mindfulness meditation as inner observation of a private mental realm of thoughts, feelings, and body sensations, and tries to model mindfulness as instantiated in neural networks visible through brain imaging tools such as EEG and fMRI. This approach confuses the biological conditions for mindfulness with mindfulness itself, which, as classically described, consists in the integrated exercise of a whole host of cognitive and bodily skills in situated and ethically directed action. From an enactive perspective, mindfulness depends on internalized social cognition and is a mode of skillful, embodied cognition that depends directly not only on the brain, but also on the rest of the body and the physical, social, and cultural environment.
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48

Pana, Alexandra Cerasela. La seguridad cibernética y los derechos humanos. Los límites de la restricción de derechos humanos para la protección del espacio cibernético. Editura Universitara, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062813604.

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La presente monografía representa la tesis doctoral defendida en el año 2021, en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, España, bajo la coordinación del director Prof. Dr. D. José Manuel Rodríguez Uribes, un reconocido filósofo del derecho y hombre político. Durante sus estudios de doctorado, la autora también realizó una estancia de investigación en el Centro de Estudios de Derecho Europeo del Instituto de Investigación Jurídica "Acad. Andrei Rădulescu" de la Academia Rumana, bajo la atenta dirección del Prof. Dr. Mihai Daniel Șandru. El texto de la tesis doctoral está en español y contiene un resumen y conclusiones en inglés y rumano. Teniendo en cuenta que la vida del ciudadano está migrando cada vez más al espacio virtual - comunidades virtuales, internet banking, telemedicina, información e investigación desde fuentes digitales, comercio electrónico, virtual dating, virtual reality etc. – las medidas de protección del individuo en el espacio cibernético deben ser concebidas en directa correlación con las medidas de seguridad específicas para el entorno offline. Si el entorno offline está bien determinado y cuenta con actores bien definidos (estados, territorios administrativos, instituciones con responsabilidades en materia de seguridad y protección ciudadana, etc.), el espacio virtual sigue siendo una jungla, sin límites determinadas y sin órganos de control que puedan proteger a los usuarios vulnerables cuando se convierten en víctimas de los delincuentes digitales (autores de noticias falsas, pedófilos, espías digitales, bullies, ladrones de identidad o de datos personales etc.). La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el marco jurídico aplicable a la restricción del ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales en el entorno online, así como las normas legales que protegen el derecho a la privacidad, el derecho a la información y la libre expresión. La ciberseguridad y el marco regulatorio aplicable tanto a nivel europeo, como al nivel internacional, son otros dos temas de interés para la tesis.
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49

Levine, Joseph. Phenomenal Experience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0013.

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This paper presents a sketch of a theory of phenomenal consciousness, one that builds on the notion of a “way of appearing,” and draws out various consequences and problems for the view. I unabashedly endorse a version of the Cartesian Theater, while assessing the prospects for making such a view work. As I treat phenomenal consciousness as a relation between a subject and what it is she is conscious of, I face a difficulty in making sense of hallucination, since the object of awareness is missing. I distinguish my position from direct realists who endorse disjunctivism, and end on a somewhat speculative note.
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50

Carman, Taylor. Phenomenology. Edited by Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabó Gendler, and John Hawthorne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199668779.013.31.

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This article explores the role of phenomenology in philosophical inquiry. It begins by discussing Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological reductions (the “transcendental” and the “eidetic”), the sharp distinction he draws between consciousness and reality, and his intuitive claims about intentionality. It then considers Martin Heidegger’s conceptions of phenomenon and phenomenology in relation to hermeneutics before returning to Husserl’s argument that we have a direct intuition, not just of entities, but of the phenomenal appearance of their being (and nonbeing). It also examines Heidegger’s claim that “ontology is possible only as phenomenology” and concludes by assessing phenomenology’s legacy and relevance to philosophy.
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