Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct monitoring system

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Direct monitoring system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Direct monitoring system"

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Liu, Ren Li, Yi Zhan, Bin Yan, and Hui Juan Wang. "Remote Monitoring System for Direct Current Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.524.

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With the purpose of remote centralized monitoring for DC Power, the paper has the scheme of the system of on-line real-time monitoring based on Web, and emphatically introduces the design and development of the monitoring server. The system realizes collecting, storage and real-time display of multiple DC Power, which makes the crews monitor the real-time working condition of DC wherever they could access the Internet. The system has good extensibility and a promising prospect in practical.
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WATANABE, Hiroaki, and Norihiko SAKURAYA. "Inaccuracy of direct blood pressure monitoring system. Part 2." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 7, no. 2 (1987): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2199/jjsca.7.245.

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G. G. Merino, L. O. Lagos, and J. E. Gontupil. "Monitoring and Evaluation of a Direct Coupled Photovoltaic Pumping System." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 24, no. 3 (2008): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24495.

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Novelly, P. E., I. W. Watson, P. W. E. Thomas, and N. J. Duckett. "The Western Australian Rangeland Monitoring System (WARMS) - operating a regional scale monitoring system." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 3 (2008): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07047.

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The Western Australian Rangeland Monitoring System (WARMS), a state government monitoring activity, provides information on change in Western Australia’s pastoral rangelands. It consists of a set of permanent sites, on which measurements of perennial vegetation (direct census in shrublands and perennial grass frequency and woody cover in grasslands) and assessments of soil surface condition are recorded at either 3-year (grasslands) or 5-year (shrublands) intervals. Data collection is non-destructive. Site distribution is based on vegetation type, and WARMS reports at the vegetation type or regional level, not individual site or property level. Operating WARMS requires a range of defined conventions to ensure that personnel changes and the interval between samplings at any one site do not lead to confounding of results through variation in how data are collected. The number of sites (1622) and program timeframe (decadal) mean that data storage and management issues are critical. Data interpretation, including the interpretive framework and use of ancillary data to assist in interpreting causality, and provision of information products relevant to a range of users are also important operational aspects. A companion paper addresses the institutional requirements for WARMS, system design and the rationale behind this design.
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Ding, Xudong, Hongyan Jiang, and Weihua Zhou. "Design of Unmanned Monitoring and Automatic Monitoring System." Frontiers of Mechatronical Engineering 1, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/fme.v1i1.598.

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<p>With the development of electronic technology, medical equipment is also undergoing some changes, and the traditional manual monitoring mode is clearly unsatisfied with today’s monitoring needs. At present, China’s medical institutions in the infusion treatment, the infusion rate control or the use of conventional clinical infusion, general use of hanging bottle infusion, and direct observation with the eyes, relying on manual clip to control the infusion rate, this mode of operation cannot be precisely controlled Infusion speed, and the workload. Therefore, the need for both cheap and practical medical infusion detection monitoring device to meet today’s medical needs. The system is designed with the single chip AT89C51 as the core, the keyboard and photoelectric sensor as the input system to digital tube and motor as the output system of intelligent infusion control and monitoring system. The keyboard system is a stand-alone key system, the function of the photoelectric sensor for the liquid droplet speed and infusion bottle page height of the reliable detection. When the liquid level is below the alert value, the system issues an alarm and can manually remove the alarm. The motor has a large controllable power and the input pulse can be maintained when the same torque and other advantages, so that you can control the bottle by the upper and lower slowly to achieve the purpose of intelligent control of liquid drip speed.</p>
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Prosovsky, Oleg F., Alexander Yu Budnev, Dmitry G. Denisov, Nikolay V. Baryshnikov, and Yuri O. Prosovsky. "Contemporary System Of Direct Broadband Optical Monitoring Of Thickness Of Spray Optical Coatings." Light & Engineering, no. 05-2020 (October 2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-017.

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In this article, construction schemes direct and indirect control systems were analyzed, and new construction, providing high operating characteristics for optic filters, was introduced. Authors introduce the original decision for creation modern broadband optic control system. Based on the proposed method, approbation of created system was made, and output characteristics control system – spectral transmission dependencies were introduced as a result. Spectral transmission dependencies of interference optical filters, made with different optical control systems were analyzed. Conclusions and prognoses about further developments of direct broadband optic control system for thickness sprayed coatings were made.
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Reifler, Liza, Eric Bell, David Tabano, Jennifer Barrow, LeeAnn Rohm, Rickey Tolliver, and Matthew Daley. "Direct Adjustment of Obesity Estimates in the Colorado BMI Monitoring System." Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews 4, no. 3 (August 10, 2017): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17294/2330-0698.1573.

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Martins, A. L., and E. L. L. Rodrigues. "Sensorless synchronization method for thin-film direct optical broadband monitoring system." Journal of Instrumentation 6, no. 05 (May 5, 2011): P05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/6/05/p05003.

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Bhatia, Himanshu. "Chat Tracking and Monitoring System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38040.

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Abstract: With the expanding utilization of instant chat messengers to share data, Suspicious exercises have additionally expanded. There are numerous sources to share the data however moment talk couriers and informal communication sites are fast, simply intended to share anything. In some cases, even new stories are at first separated via online media locales and further on talk couriers rather than any news channel and paper and so forth. Because of these innovation progressions, a few individuals are using these applications inappropriately to share suspicious messages and make arrangements to accomplish something unlawful. With the headway of web innovation and the change in the method of correspondence, it is discovered that much direct news has been examined in Internet discussions well before they are accounted for in conventional broad communications. Additionally, this correspondence channel gives a viable channel to criminal operations, for example, communicating of copyrighted films, compromising messages and internet betting and so on. Our Proposed Framework will examine online plain text messages from chosen conversation gatherings and our framework will choose which post is legitimate and unlawful. It will detect the suspicious keyword from the chatting and give a warning message to the user and also a mail will be sent to admin which will include all the details of the user. Keywords: Suspicious Chat, Chat Monitoring, Abusive word, Terrorist activities, Chat Tracking.
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Li, Tan, Xi Chen, Qi Xin Yin, and Yong Ping Hou. "Tire Pressure Monitoring Inflatable Restraint System." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1705.

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Tire blowout is a very serious security incident, particularly on the highway. As the existing anti-blowout device and measures also failed to meet the requirements to ensure traffic safety, research and development of prevention and treatment system is particularly important. In light of this, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Inflatable Restraint System is put forward. Sensor can send signals to the controller, and then the controller directs the gas generator to generate a lot of gas instantly, and through a special airway tire is inflated, so that the instability of the vehicle is eased. The concept of "vacuum tube tire" is first proposed, it can adapt to the inflation process better. Tire blowout, drunk driving and speeding is called together "three big killers on road" in China, so we can see that there are many incidents like these. Meanwhile, tire blowout is not like the other two which can be prevented by human’s means, it is sometimes not within our control. According to statistics, 70% of national highway traffic accidents are due to tire blowout, and a speed of more than 160km/h makes mortality possibility up to nearly 100%. In the check of the tires, more than 40% of them have security risks. [1] Statistics show that: The main reason why traffic accidents of high-speed driving keep increasing is leaked or inflated tires. In China, there is statistical data show that 46% traffic accidents on the highway were due to tire problem, in which tire blowout accounts for more than 70% of the total accidents, and the most crucial reasons of this is because the owners’ improper tire maintenance method. Beyond the boring concept, we can see a bunch of rather alarming figures, accounting for 49.81% highway accidents deaths, 63.94% injuries, 43.38% direct property loss were caused by high-speed tire blowout. High-speed tire blowout is considered to be the super-killer of traffic safety. And all the tire blowout incidents warn people to pay attention to tire safety.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct monitoring system"

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Gudmundsdottir, Kristin. "A Measurement System for Monitoring Play in Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3142/.

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A comprehensive measurement system was developed to monitor play in children with autism and typically developing children. The study was conducted in a preschool operated in conjunction with a center-based program for children with autism. The development of the measurement system was based on observations of four children with autism and three typically developing children during social and play activites. Data were collected on material use and several dimensions of play: Simple Manipulation, Functional Manipulation, Symbolic Toy Play, Symbolic Role Play and Play Themes. The results indicated that the measurement system consistently measured a wide range of play behaviors across children and materials. Significance of the information gathered from the measurement system in assessing play and designing interventions is discussed.
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McCray, Robert B. "UTILIZATION OF A SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM FOR DIRECT SAMPLING OF NITROGEN OXIDES PRODUCED BY FULL-SCALE SURFACE MINE BLASTING." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/31.

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Emerging health concern for gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted during surface mine blasting has prompted mining authorities in the United States to pursue new regulations. NOx is comprised of various binary compounds of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most prominent. Modern explosive formulations are not designed to produce NOx during properly-sustained detonations, and researchers have identified several causes through laboratory experiments; however, direct sampling of NOx following full-scale surface mine blasting has not been accomplished. The purpose of this thesis was to demonstrate a safe, innovative method of directly quantifying NOx concentrations in a full-scale surface mining environment. A small unmanned aircraft system was used with a continuous gas monitor to sample concentrated fumes. Three flights were completed – two in the Powder River Basin. Results from a moderate NOx emission showed peak NO and NO2 concentrations of 257 ppm and 67.2 ppm, respectively. The estimated NO2 presence following a severe NOx emission was 137.3 ppm. Dispersion of the gases occurred over short distances, and novel geometric models were developed to describe emission characteristics. Overall, the direct sampling method was successful, and the data collected are new to the body of scientific knowledge.
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Hekrlová, Kateřina. "Mikroskop pro vzájemné sesazování optických vláken." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444979.

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The demountable splicing of optical fibres uses different types of connectors which ensures accurate position of connected fibres. If the optical fibres are aligned in free space, a view from two perpendicular viewing directions is necessary for a maximum aligning accuracy. The method of direct monitoring of optical fibres provides this possibility however, it is necessary to use two imaging systems. This problem can be solved by a special microscope, which is designed in this thesis. The microscope can visualize the alignment of optical fibres from two mutually perpendicular directions by moving the objective lens and inclined mirror. The diploma thesis also describes the procedure of designing an optical simulation of the connection of optical fibres. Based on it, the microscope is designed, adjusted and tested with various optical fibres.
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Papadopoulos, Yiannis. "Safety-directed system monitoring using safety cases." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313851.

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He, Lijun. "Analysis of the dynamics of the linear-and-rotary-motion energy-conversion systems with active DC excitation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54417.

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The objective of the dissertation is to develop simplified analytical models for typical linear-motion and rotary-motion energy-conversion systems under active DC excitation without tedious numerical-simulation effort, and provide practical implementation of the models in optimal-design and thermal-protection aspects. The model of a vacuum automatic circuit recloser (a typical linear-motion system under DC excitation) is first developed in the form of a non-linear discontinuous eighth-order dynamic system. The model is then used to simulate the transient mechanical and electromagnetic performance during the opening and closing movements of the recloser. Such a model is not found in the literature. Although the model is based on certain simplifying assumptions, the result is validated by high-speed-camera measurements. In addition, the impact of key design variables is explored, based on which an improved recloser design is proposed, and helps to optimize capital and production costs without degrading performance. Further analytical investigation is carried out in modeling an inverter-fed induction motor (IM) (a typical rotary-motion system) with active DC injection. The IM is closed-loop controlled via two popular motor-control algorithms, namely, the direct-torque-control (DTC) algorithm and field-oriented-control (FOC) algorithm. Quantitative relationships between the changes of various machine variables during the active DC excitation are provided in the theoretical analysis. The developed DC-injection model is further simplified for practical implementation. The developed IM model under DC injection results in practical ways to excite a proper amount of DC current directly or indirectly into IM stator windings via different closed-loop motor-control algorithms. In a DTC motor-drive system, the modeling work makes it possible to excite the DC current indirectly inside the motor by superimposing a stator-flux-linkage-bias command in the flux-control loop or a torque-ripple command in the torque-control loop. The proposed flux-linkage-injection and torque-injection methods are the first novel efforts to implement the DC-signal-injection method in a DTC motor-drive system. In addition, the analysis carried out in a standard FOC drive system brings about an improved DC-current-injection approach: the torque ripple in this method is significantly mitigated compared to all existing DC-injection methods in FOC systems. The proposed DC-injection methods, either in a DTC or an FOC system, lead to a simple, low-cost, accurate, and non-invasive thermal-monitoring scheme for closed-loop-controlled IMs, where the stator temperature is indirectly estimated from stator resistance. Furthermore, considering inverter non-idealities, there is a challenge for a typical inverter drive to accurately estimate the DC component of motor terminal voltages. The existing methods are extended to provide a complete study of the real-time signal-processing technique for both DTC and FOC algorithms, and are finally implemented in a custom-built programmable motor-drive system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique gives accurate and robust stator-temperature estimation, regardless of the operating conditions and cooling modes. The analytical modeling method for the linear-motion and rotary-motion energy-conversion systems can be further extended to other power devices with similar mechanisms, and implemented in optimal design, control, and thermal-protection areas.
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Silva, Jucimara Christina Freire da. "Levantamento e monitoramento da malacofauna de água doce da região de influência direta do Sistema Produtor do Alto Tietê (SPAT)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-06042011-155513/.

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O aumento dos impactos ambientais devido à construção de reservatórios e barragens leva ao aumento dos riscos da infecção humana por agentes infecciosos causadores de endemias em especial as transmitidas por espécies dos moluscos de água doce, notadamente os riscos da esquistossomose mansônica. A literatura relata a distribuição geográfica de Biomphalaria tenagophila, Biomphalaria glabrata e Biomphalaria straminea presentes nas coleções hídricas de São Paulo, mostrando que uma das maiores concentrações de criadouros da espécie encontram-se no terço inicial da Bacia do Rio Tietê. No presente estudo, realizado na Represa Paraitinga (município de Salesópolis) situada na região de influência direta do Sistema Produtor do Alto Tietê (SPAT) no ano de 2009, no período de março a dezembro, foram coletados 386 moluscos, representados por 4 famílias, 1 gênero e 4 espécies, sendo 338 Biomphalaria tenagophila, 23 Lymnaea columella, 17 Physa marmorata, 7 Ampullarie sp. e 1 Drepanotrema cimex. Nenhum exemplar de B. tenagophila capturado mostrou-se positivo para Schistosoma mansoni, porém foram encontrados espécimes de B. tenagophila infestados por larvas de trematódeos identificados como Cercaria caratinguensis. As relações de determinantes ambientais analisadas foram: turbidez, cor, pH e oxigênio dissolvido. A utilização de um GPS (Global Positioning System) possibilitou a localização precisa dos locais de coleta
The increase of environmental impacts due to construction of reservoirs and dams leads to an increase in human exposure to infectious agents, that cause endemic diseases in particular those transmitted by species of freshwater snails, especially schistosomiasis mansoni. Literature shows the geographic distribution of Biomphalaria tenagophila, Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria straminea present in water collections in São Paulo, it also shows that one of the largest concentrations of breeding sites of those species are in the initial part of the Tietê Basin. The present work was carried out in Paraitinga dam (Salesópolis municipality) located in the region of direct influence of the Alto Tietê System Producer (SPAT). In 2009, from march to december, 386 specimens were collected, representing 4 families, 1 genus and 4 species, where 338 were Biomphalaria tenagophila, 23 Lymnaea columella, 17 Physa marmorata, 7 Ampullarie sp. and 1 Drepanotrema cimex. None of the captured B. tenagophila specimen was positive for Schistosoma mansoni, but some of them were infested with larval trematodes, which were identified as Cercaria caratinguensis. The relations of environmental factors examined were: turbidity, color, pH and dissolved oxygen. The use of a GPS (Global Positioning System) enabled the precise localization of the collecting site
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Chang, Yao-Shun, and 張堯舜. "Development and Evaluation of a Non-direct Contact ECG Monitoring System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k4pb8j.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
醫學工程研究所
99
In this thesis, we developed a non-direct contact ECG measurement system, and discussed different factors may affect the signal quality. We used five electrodes of different size to measure ECG signal. The results shown there are no significant affect R-peak amplitude. Then we used four thicknesses of 0.7mm cotton clothes, to discuss the influence of thickness to the signal. The results shown thicker clothes couple more 60Hz noise than thinner one. In different clothes materials, we wore cotton and polyester clothes separately. The results shown the cotton clothes have the most stable signal and the noise was smallest. Finally, we made an accuracy of heart rate detection analysis. We invited 20 subjects, and there were 17 males and 3 females. The experiment results shown the average error of heart rate detection is 1 bpm.
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Naumann, M. D., and L. Kroll. "Direct method for integrating a structural health monitoring system for fibre reinforced plastic composite pressure vessels." 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36187.

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Das vorgeschlagene SHM-System 'Adapted Metal Wire Based and fiber Oriented Sensor - AMBOS', basierend auf Drähten aus Metalllegierungen, ist vergleichsweise kostengünstig und verfügt über sehr gute Verarbeitungseigenschaften, insbesondere mit Eignung zur Integration in den Wickelprozess. Eine speziell entwickelte Abwickelvorrichtung erlaubt die direkte Verarbeitung der Drähte zusammen mit den Verstärkungsfasern und wärmehärtenden Harzsystemen im Wickelprozess. Insbesondere aufgrund der hohen Genauigkeit und der sehr niedrigen Material- und Verarbeitungskosten hat das beschriebene Verfahren ein großes Potenzial für den Einsatz in der automobilen Serienfertigung. Grundsätzlich sind die untersuchten Metalldrähte für eine solche Anwendung geeignet. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil ist die einfache Kompensation von thermischen Einflüssen. Weitere Untersuchungen zum Korrosionsschutz und zu Umwelteinflüssen stehen noch aus.
The proposed SHM system called “Adapted Metal wire Based and fiber Oriented Sensor – AMBOS”, based on wires from metal alloys, is comparatively inexpensive and has very good processing properties, in particular with suitability for integration into the winding process. A specially developed unwinding de-vice allows direct processing of the wires together with the reinforcing fibres and thermosetting resin systems in the winding process. Especially due to the high ac-curacy and the very low material and processing costs, the described process has great potential for use in automotive series production. In principle, the metal wires investigated are suitable for such an application. A significant advantage is the simple compensation of thermal influences. Further investigations on corrosion preservation and influences from the environment are still pending.
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KUO, CHIA-TING, and 郭佳婷. "Direct Monitoring of Energy Loss Due to Dust on PV system by Rainfall Type in Tainan City." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13000203873464792343.

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碩士
國立臺南大學
綠色能源學科技學系碩士在職專班
105
Dust accumulation on the surface of the solar panel decreases the power generation efficiency, which may result in financial losses. The dust on the surface of the solar panel can be washed down by rain. However, more rainfall threshold is needed as more dust is accumulated on the solar panels. The purpose of this study was to understand how precipitation may influence the power generation efficiency of the solar panel. Thirteen-month data (from December 2013 to December 2014) from the Rende station located in Tainan City were used and retrieved from the Central Weather Bureau and the photovoltaic module remotely monitored by Solar Bank, respectively. The daily accumulated precipitation amount and daily average solar photovoltaic array ratio (RA) were used as study variables analyzed by descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings were presented based on the dry season and wet season. During the dry season, the power efficiency was decreased by 4.2% of RA per month and the dust accumulation on the surface of the solar panel can be washed down by a single precipitation with 0.5 mm. During the wet season, the solar power efficiency was decreased due to the wet deposition. Overall, the solar power efficiency remains below 100% during either dry or wet season which could be contributed to that the precipitation was not able to complete wash out the dust on the solar panels. In 2014, the optimal RA observed from the Rende station was 98.08%.
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Kim, Jun Wan. "Development of interdigitated capacitor sensors for direct and wireless measurements of the dielectric properties of liquids." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/10565.

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The miniaturization of chemical and biological sensors has received considerable attention in recent years for medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical screening, military applications, etc. One interesting area of development in microfluidic system is detecting dielectric properties of MUT (Material Under Test) using IDC (Interdigital Capacitor) electrodes. The IDC chemical sensor has been investigated by many researchers because they are cheap to manufacture and can be easily integrated with other sensing components and signal processing electronics. This dissertation presents the design, fabrication, and testing of an IDC (interdigital capacitor) electrode sensor for a fluid property monitoring component that can be integrated into a microfluidic system. One practical point of this research is the analytical evaluation of the interdigital electrode capacitance for the detection of conductivity and permittivity of the aqueous solutions, which is not apparently analyzed in other chemical sensor applications. In addition, a new noble methodology of remotely accessing the IDC sensor by wireless inductive coupling similar to EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance) tags is presented.
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Books on the topic "Direct monitoring system"

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Minobrnauki, Rossiyskoy. Finance and Financial analysis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1242227.

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The textbook systematizes basic knowledge in the field of finance, financial analysis and financial management, presented in their direct relationship and significance from the point of view of evaluation, diagnosis, forecasting and monitoring of the continuity of the organization's activities. It includes seven chapters grouped into three sections. The first section is devoted to the theoretical foundations of the organization's financial management, stakeholders and sources of the organization's activities. The second section discusses the basics of financial analysis, providing knowledge of the main directions, information base and methods of financial analysis, as well as allowing them to be applied reasonably, calculate and evaluate analytical indicators, determine the impact of globalization processes, various macro-and microfactors on the financial condition of the organization. The third section contains the basics of financial management, providing an understanding of the essence of the financial mechanism of the organization and algorithms for justifying decisions in the field of financial management. It complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and provides the formation of basic competencies in the field of finance, financial management and financial analysis. For bachelor's, specialist's and master's students studying in the field of Economics, the system of additional professional education, training centers for advanced training of auditors and other financial market specialists, as well as for individual preparation of applicants for qualification certification and passing qualification exams.
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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. Intraoperative monitoring. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0043.

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Chapter 25 introduced some basic generic principles applicable to many measurement and monitoring techniques. Chapter 43 introduces those principles not covered in Chapter 25 and discusses in detail the clinical applications and limitations of the many monitoring techniques available to the modern clinical anaesthetist. It starts with non-invasive blood pressure measurement, including clinical and automated techniques. This is followed by techniques of direct blood pressure measurement, noting that transducers and calibration have been discussed in Chapter 25. This is followed by electrocardiography. There then follows a section on the different methods of measuring cardiac output, including the pulmonary artery catheter, the application of ultrasound in echocardiography, pulse contour analysis (LiDCO™ and PiCCO™), and transthoracic electrical impedance. Pulse oximetry is then discussed in some detail. Depth of anaesthesia monitoring is then described, starting with the electroencephalogram and its application in BIS™ monitors, the use of evoked potentials, and entropy. There then follow sections on gas pressure measurement in cylinders and in breathing systems, followed by gas volume and flow measurement, including the rotameter, spirometry, and the pneumotachograph, and the measurement of lung dead space and functional residual capacity using body plethysmography and dilution techniques. The final section is on respiratory gas analysis, starting with light refractometry as the standard against which other techniques are compared, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy (the principles of these techniques having been introduced in Chapter 25), piezoelectric and paramagnetic analysers, polarography and fuel cells, and blood gas analysis.
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Romagnoli, Stefano, and Giovanni Zagli. Blood pressure monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0131.

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Two major systems are available for measuring blood pressure (BP)—the indirect cuff method and direct arterial cannulation. In critically-ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the invasive blood pressure is the ‘gold standard’ as a tight control of BP values, and its change over time is important for choosing therapies and drugs titration. Since artefacts due to the inappropriate dynamic responses of the fluid-filled monitoring systems may lead to clinically relevant differences between actual and displayed pressure values, before considering the BP value shown as reliable, the critical care giver should carefully evaluate the presence/absence of artefacts (over- or under-damping/resonance). After the arterial pressure waveform quality has been verified, the observation of each component of the arterial wave (systolic upstroke, peak, systolic decline, small pulse of reflected pressure waves, dicrotic notch) may provide a number of useful haemodynamic information. In fact, changes in the arterial pulse contour are due the interaction between the heart beat and the whole vascular properties. Vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, shock states (cardiogenic, hypovolaemic, distributive, obstructive), valve diseases (aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation), ventricular dysfunction, cardiac tamponade are associated with particular arterial waveform characteristics that may suggest to the physician underlying condition that could be necessary to investigate properly. Finally, the effects of positive-pressure mechanical ventilation on heart–lung interaction, may suggest the existence of an absolute or relative hypovolaemia by means of the so-called dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness.
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Omstedt, Anders. The Development of Climate Science of the Baltic Sea Region. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.654.

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Dramatic climate changes have occurred in the Baltic Sea region caused by changes in orbital movement in the earth–sun system and the melting of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Added to these longer-term changes, changes have occurred at all timescales, caused mainly by variations in large-scale atmospheric pressure systems due to competition between the meandering midlatitude low-pressure systems and high-pressure systems. Here we follow the development of climate science of the Baltic Sea from when observations began in the 18th century to the early 21st century. The question of why the water level is sinking around the Baltic Sea coasts could not be answered until the ideas of postglacial uplift and the thermal history of the earth were better understood in the 19th century and periodic behavior in climate related time series attracted scientific interest. Herring and sardine fishing successes and failures have led to investigations of fishery and climate change and to the realization that fisheries themselves have strongly negative effects on the marine environment, calling for international assessment efforts. Scientists later introduced the concept of regime shifts when interpreting their data, attributing these to various causes. The increasing amount of anoxic deep water in the Baltic Sea and eutrophication have prompted debate about what is natural and what is anthropogenic, and the scientific outcome of these debates now forms the basis of international management efforts to reduce nutrient leakage from land. The observed increase in atmospheric CO2 and its effects on global warming have focused the climate debate on trends and generated a series of international and regional assessments and research programs that have greatly improved our understanding of climate and environmental changes, bolstering the efforts of earth system science, in which both climate and environmental factors are analyzed together.Major achievements of past centuries have included developing and organizing regular observation and monitoring programs. The free availability of data sets has supported the development of more accurate forcing functions for Baltic Sea models and made it possible to better understand and model the Baltic Sea–North Sea system, including the development of coupled land–sea–atmosphere models. Most indirect and direct observations of the climate find great variability and stochastic behavior, so conclusions based on short time series are problematic, leading to qualifications about periodicity, trends, and regime shifts. Starting in the 1980s, systematic research into climate change has considerably improved our understanding of regional warming and multiple threats to the Baltic Sea. Several aspects of regional climate and environmental changes and how they interact are, however, unknown and merit future research.
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Pandit, Neha Sheth, and Emily L. Heil. Principles of Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Antiretroviral Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0018.

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Systemic concentrations of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are influenced by the pharmacokinetic properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacokinetics and local drug exposure can differ significantly within anatomical sanctuary sites compared with the systemic compartment. High variability in interpatient ARV concentrations is common, which makes population pharmacokinetics for ARVs very difficult to interpret. HIV replication is dynamic and requires combination antiretroviral therapy with multiple active agents in order to achieve durable virologic suppression. Direct and indirect relationships between drug exposure, efficacy, and/or toxicity are common for most ARVs, which can be used to improve overall treatment success. Suboptimal adherence can result in inadequate concentrations, drug resistance, and virologic failure. Therapeutic drug monitoring can be considered in certain scenarios that should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
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Voas, Robert, and James C. Fell. Programs and Policies Designed to Reduce Impaired Driving. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.14.

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Alcohol has been associated with traffic crashes for more than 100 years, as indicated by the publication of the first scientific report on the effect of drinking by operators of “motorized wagons” in 1904. This chapter presents an overview of the status of policies and programs designed to reduce highway crashes involving alcohol-impaired drivers. Alcohol safety programs are reviewed under three headings: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention covers programs directed at reducing the high-risk drinking that leads to impaired driving, including programs directed at preventing drinking by youths aged 20 and younger and at preventing service to obviously intoxicated individuals. Secondary prevention covers programs directed at separating drinking from driving through law enforcement, public information programs, and driver licensing regulations. Finally, tertiary prevention focuses on programs directed at preventing identified drinking drivers from future impaired driving through license sanctions, vehicle actions, treatment programs, and monitoring systems.
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Jacquemyn, Yves, and Anneke Kwee. Antenatal and intrapartum fetal evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0006.

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Antenatal and intrapartum fetal monitoring aim to identify the beginning of the process of fetal hypoxia before irreversible fetal damage has taken place. Fetal movement counting by the mother has not been reported to be of any benefit. The biophysical profile score, incorporating ultrasound and fetal heart rate monitoring, has not been proven to reduce perinatal mortality in randomized trials. Doppler ultrasound allows the exploration of the perfusion of different fetal organ systems and provides data on possible hypoxia and fetal anaemia. Maternal uterine artery Doppler can be used to select women with a high risk for intrauterine growth restriction and pre-eclampsia but does not directly provide information on fetal status. Umbilical artery Doppler has been shown to reduce perinatal mortality significantly in high-risk pregnancies (but not in low-risk women). Adding middle cerebral artery Doppler to umbilical artery Doppler does not increase accuracy for detecting adverse perinatal outcome. Ductus venosus Doppler demonstrates moderate value in diagnosing fetal compromise; it is not known whether its use adds any value to umbilical artery Doppler alone. Cardiotocography (CTG) reflects the interaction between the fetal brain and peripheral cardiovascular system. Prelabour routine use of CTG in low-risk pregnancies has not been proven to improve outcome; computerized CTG significantly reduces perinatal mortality in high-risk pregnancies. Monitoring the fetus during labour with intermittent auscultation has not been compared to no monitoring at all; when compared with CTG no difference in perinatal mortality or cerebral palsy has been noted. CTG does lower neonatal seizures and is accompanied by a statistically non-significant rise in caesarean delivery. Fetal blood sampling to detect fetal pH and base deficit lowers caesarean delivery rate and neonatal convulsions when used in adjunct to CTG. Determination of fetal scalp lactate has not been shown to have an effect on neonatal outcome or on the rate of instrumental deliveries but is less often hampered by technical failure than fetal scalp pH. Analysis of the ST segment of the fetal ECG (STAN®) in combination with CTG during labour results in fewer vaginal operative deliveries, less need for neonatal intensive care, and less use of fetal blood sampling during labour, without a change in fetal metabolic acidosis when compared to CTG alone.
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Dobb, Geoffrey J. Diarrhoea and constipation in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0183.

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The diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH)/abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS ) relies on accurate IAP measurement. The current gold standard for measurement is intermittently every 4–6 hours via the bladder. IAP monitoring should be performed in all critically-ill or injured patients exhibiting ≥1 risk factors for the development of IAH, and continued until risk factors are resolved and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) has remained normal for 24–48 hours. IAH and ACS cause organ dysfunction through direct compression of the heart, compression of both arterial and venous perfusion of the abdominal organs, and abdomino-thoracic pressure transmission. All organ systems are affected by IAH-induced injury. Standard surgical treatment of established ACS not responding to non-invasive management consists of decompressive laparotomy via midline or transverse incision. Promising alternative surgical strategies are being developed to avoid the complications of the open abdomen.
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De Laurentis, Giacomo, Eugenio Alaio, Elisa Corsi, Emanuelemaria Giusti, Marco Guairo, Carlo Palego, Luca Paulicelli, et al. Rischio di credito 2.0. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00030.

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The EBA Guidelines on loan origination and monitoring (hereinafter "GL LOM") undoubtedly represent a substantially new piece of the banking regulatory framework. In fact, for the first time, the regulator moves into a topic that was traditionally outside the scope of financial regulation, so far almost exclusively focused on aspects directly linked to both micro- and macro-prudential stability, notably through capital and liquidity management requirements and guidelines on Business Model and Internal Governance. The credit management process, and in particular loan origination and monitoring, has always been typically considered as a business issue under sole responsibility of banks, as it is considered one of the "core" processes (if not the "core" process) of the banking business. As a matter of fact, since the issue of the capital requirement regulation (i.e., Basel II and Basel III), and the introduction of the use requirements for the rating systems, the regulator moved very close, but not yet, to prescribe specific credit assessment criteria, while dictating methodological and organizational requirements for the authorization of the rating systems, and leaving substantial freedom to banks to define their own models and embedded assessment criteria and indicators. With the GL LOM, the regulator takes a further step, remarkably beyond its traditional remit, dictating principles and rules for the evaluation of the credit quality of borrowers. The starting point for this new approach from the regulator can be found in the ECB guidelines on Non-Performing Loans, later endorsed by the Bank of Italy Guidelines for Less Significant Banks, aimed at encouraging banks to define their NPL management processes and establish reduction plans to achieve NPL ratio targets in line with the regulator's expectations. Consistently with the focus on NPL, the regulation on Calendar Provisioning, amending the CRR was issued; as being a Regulation, it involves all banks, and not only significant ones (for which the ECB Addendum also applies). In addition, the new definition of default (the so-called "new Dod") has defined stricter criteria for the transition of exposures to the default status and also made the return of "cured" exposures to the performing status more difficult. The combined effect of these regulatory changes has been to make the default of counterparties not only more probable but also much more "expensive" for the banks. The natural “next step” of these regulatory changes was to "move backward" into the management process covering loan origination and monitoring . The EBA's stated objective with the issuance of the GL LOM is to define "robust and prudent" standards of lending practices so as to maintain a low level of NPLs in the future. Therefore, the focus of the GL LOM is the definition of requirements (some outlined as prescriptions, others in terms of principles) for the creditworthiness assessment of counterparties and for the management of the related data and information. Notwithstanding the fact that the Final Report has articulated the principle of proportionality much more clearly as compared to the Consultation Paper, the GLs set out three macro-categories of counterparties for which specific requirements are defined: • Individuals • Micro and small businesses • Medium and large companies. The GL LOM also provide recommendations about the valuation of guarantees both at origination and during ongoing monitoring, encouraging the use of advanced statistical models. The GL LOM focus on real estate guarantees, while financial collateral is outside the scope of the GL LOM. In the mind of the regulator, the GL LOM should not only reflect industry practices, but also incorporate the latest supervisory guidance on lending, and provide the stimulus to include ESG, AML/CTF and the use of innovative technologies into banking origination and, where applicable, monitoring processes.
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Dyer, Robert A., Michelle J. Arcache, and Eldrid Langesaeter. The aetiology and management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0023.

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The management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery remains a challenge for anaesthesiologists. Close control of maternal haemodynamics is of great importance for maternal and fetal safety, as well as maternal comfort. Haemodynamic responses to spinal anaesthesia are influenced by aortocaval compression, the baricity and dose of local anaesthetic and opioid employed, the rational use of fluids, and the goal-directed use of vasopressors. The most common response to spinal anaesthesia is hypotension and an increased heart rate, which reflects a decreased systemic vascular resistance and a partial compensatory increase in cardiac output. Phenylephrine is therefore the vasopressor of choice in this scenario. Less commonly, hypotension and bradycardia may occur, possibly due to the activation of cardiac reflexes. This requires anticholinergics and/or ephedrine. The rarest occurrences are persistent refractory hypotension, or high spinal block with respiratory failure. Special considerations include patients with severe pre-eclampsia, in whom spinal anaesthesia is associated with haemodynamic stability, and less hypotension than in the healthy patient. Careful use of neuraxial anaesthesia in specialized centres has an important role to play in the management of patients with cardiac disease, in conjunction with careful monitoring. Prevention is better than cure, but should hypotension occur, rapid intervention is essential, based upon the exact clinical scenario and individual haemodynamic response.
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Book chapters on the topic "Direct monitoring system"

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Meštrović, Tomislav, Dezső P. Virok, Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak, Tímea Raffai, Katalin Burián, and Jasmina Vraneš. "Antimicrobial Resistance Screening in Chlamydia trachomatis by Optimized McCoy Cell Culture System and Direct qPCR-Based Monitoring of Chlamydial Growth." In Chlamydia trachomatis, 33–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9694-0_5.

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Ikeda, Hajime, Youhei Kawamura, Hyongdoo Jang, Nur Ellisha Binti Mokhtar, Jun Yokokura, and Zedrick Paul L. Tungol. "Development of an Underground In-Situ Stress Monitoring System for Mining Safety Using Multi Sensor Cell and Wi-Fi Direct Technology." In Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2019, 236–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33954-8_30.

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Chaudhry, Rastee, and Abdullah Waqar Tajwar. "The Punjab Schools Reform Roadmap: A Medium-Term Evaluation." In Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Education Reforms, 109–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57039-2_5.

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Abstract In 2010, a whole-system reform was designed and launched in the Punjab province of Pakistan called the Punjab Schools Reform Roadmap (PSRR). This reform was a direct response to the challenges of education in the province at the time, which included scale, capacity to deliver, and political will. Further, 2010 was a time at which the political and administrative landscape of Pakistan was changing: the right to education act had just been formalized and education was simultaneously devolved from a federal matter to a provincial one. This chapter studies the outcomes of the PSRR a decade after its implementation with an emphasis on three dimensions of the reform: management capacity, teacher capacity and monitoring & information systems. Specifically, we discuss the above with reference to increasing access to and quality of education in the province while also analyzing the outcomes and sustainability of the reform 10 years from its inception.
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Trojanowicz, M., and P. W. Alexander. "Portable Flow-Injection Systems for Field Testing." In Biosensors for Direct Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants in Field, 173–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8973-4_17.

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Christie, I. M., G. P. Rigby, P. Treloar, K. Warriner, A. Maines, D. Ashworth, S. Eddy, S. M. Reddy, and P. Vadgama. "The Use of Chemical Sensor Systems for Sampling, Selectivity and Speciation." In Biosensors for Direct Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants in Field, 41–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8973-4_4.

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Jestratjew, Arkadiusz. "Improving Availability of Industrial Monitoring Systems through Direct Database Access." In Computer Networks, 344–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02671-3_40.

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Pant, Shashank, Zahra Sharif Khodaei, and Mohamad Ghazi Droubi. "Monitoring Tasks in Aerospace." In Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace, 5–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_2.

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AbstractApproximately up to one-fifth of the direct operating cost of a commercial civilian fixed-wing aircraft is projected to be due to inspection and maintenance alone. Managing aircraft health with minimal human intervention and technologies that can perform continuous or on-demand monitoring/evaluation of aircraft components without having to take the aircraft out of service can have a significant impact on increasing availability while reducing maintenance cost. The ambition of these monitoring technologies is to shift aircraft maintenance practice from planned maintenance (PM), where the aircraft is taken out of service for scheduled inspection/maintenance, to condition-based maintenance (CBM), where aircraft is taken out of service only when maintenance is required, while maintaining the required levels of safety. Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques can play a vital role in progressing towards CBM practice. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide the reader with a brief overview of the different SHM techniques and their use, as well as, challenges in implementing them for aircraft applications.
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Ritter and Hans-Peter Seifert. "4 Detection of stress corrosion cracking in a simulated BWR environment by combined electrochemical potential noise and direct current potential drop measurements." In Corrosion monitoring in nuclear systems: research and applications, 46–62. Boca Raton London New York: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315140391-5.

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Ulrich, A., and P. Lentzsch. "Monitoring der nodulierenden R. leguminosarum- Population über eine Stammcharakterisierung mittels PCR direkt aus dem Knöllchen." In Mikroökologische Prozesse im System Pflanze-Boden, 47–50. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83428-7_9.

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Sause, Markus G. R., Elena Jasiūnienė, and Rhys Pullin. "Introduction." In Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_1.

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AbstractThe aerospace industry is aiming for a cleaner means of transport. One way to achieve this is by making transportation lighter, thus directly improving fuel efficiency and reducing environmental impact. A further aim, of the industry, is to reduce maintenance time to lessen operating costs, which can result in a reduction of air transport costs, benefitting both passenger and freight services. Current developments to support these aims include using advanced materials, with the current generation of aerospace structures being 50% composite materials. These materials offer a weight reduction whilst maintaining adequate stiffness; however, their damage mechanics are very complex and less deterministic than those of metals. This results in an overall reduced benefit. Structures are manufactured thicker using additional material to accommodate unknown or unpredictable failure modes, which cannot be easily detected during maintenance. A way to overcome these issues is the adoption of a structural health monitoring (SHM) inspection system.
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Conference papers on the topic "Direct monitoring system"

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Kirollos, K., K. Chapman, and G. Mihaylov. "382. Direct-Read, Passive, Glutaraldehyde Stel Monitoring System." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765061.

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Kirollos, K., G. M. Mihaylov, and B. W. Nurney. "383. Direct Read Monitoring System for Phosgene and Chloroformates." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765062.

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Helms, J., G. Mihaylov, and K. Kirollos. "369. Validation of a Direct Read Monitoring System for Ammonia." In AIHce 2001. AIHA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765906.

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King, Michael S. A., and Ian G. Foulds. "Sensing System for Direct Monitoring of Small Batch Alcohol Distillation." In 2019 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956511.

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Tartarin, Jean-Guy, Mohamed Cheikh, Sebastien Kessler, Alexis Morin, and Jacques David. "Efficient Time Diversity Evaluation for Direct Tire Pressure Monitoring System." In 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2010.5494121.

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Jianyun, Bai, and Shao Jiaxiao. "300MW CFB Direct Air Cooled System Frostproof Control Strategy Optimization." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.437.

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Han, Chulhee, Wan Ho Kim, and Seung-Bok Choi. "Design and modeling of new suspension system using direct drive servo-valve system actuated by piezostack actuator." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Gyuhae Park. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2218507.

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Kirollos, K., J. Helms, and G. Mihaylov. "368. Validation of a Direct Read Monitoring System for Carbon Dioxide." In AIHce 2001. AIHA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765905.

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Chapman, K., K. Kirollos, and G. Mihaylov. "236. Validated Direct-Reading Carbon Monoxide Detection System for Personnel Monitoring." In AIHce 2003. AIHA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758008.

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Cheng, Jui-Yu, Min-Hsiung Hung, and Jen-Wei Chang. "A ZigBee-Based Power Monitoring System with Direct Load Control Capabilities." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2007.372900.

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Reports on the topic "Direct monitoring system"

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D. Kraig, W. A. Treadaway, and R. J. Wechsler. Direct Penetrating Radiation Monitoring Systems: Technical Evaluation for Use at Area G, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15129.

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Mainen, Zachary F. Electrophysiological Monitoring of the Interactions Between the Serotonin and Dopamine Systems During Goal Directed Behaviors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada450259.

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Mainen, Zachary F. Electrophysiological Monitoring of the Interactions between the Serotonin and Dopamine Systems during the Initiation of Goal Directed Behaviors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435440.

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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Tidd, Alexander N., Richard A. Ayers, Grant P. Course, and Guy R. Pasco. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 6 final report development of a pilot relational data resource for the collation and interpretation of inshore fisheries data. Edited by Mark James and Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23452.

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[Extract from Executive Summary] The competition for space from competing sectors in the coastal waters of Scotland has never been greater and thus there is a growing a need for interactive seascape planning tools that encompass all marine activities. Similarly, the need to gather data to inform decision makers, especially in the fishing industry, has become essential to provide advice on the economic impact on fishing fleets both in terms of alternative conservation measures (e.g. effort limitations, temporal and spatial closures) as well as the overlap with other activities, thereby allowing stakeholders to derive a preferred option. The SIFIDS project was conceived to allow the different relevant data sources to be identified and to allow these data to be collated in one place, rather than as isolated data sets with multiple data owners. The online interactive tool developed as part of the project (Work Package 6) brought together relevant data sets and developed data storage facilities and a user interface to allow various types of user to view and interrogate the data. Some of these data sets were obtained as static layers which could sit as background data e.g. substrate type, UK fishing limits; whilst other data came directly from electronic monitoring systems developed as part of the SIFIDS project. The main non-static data source was Work Package 2, which was collecting data from a sample of volunteer inshore fishing vessels (<12m). This included data on location; time; vessel speed; count, time and position of deployment of strings of creels (or as fleets and pots as they are also known respectively); and a count of how many creels were hauled on these strings. The interactive online tool allowed all the above data to be collated in a specially designed database and displayed in near real time on the web-based application.
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