Journal articles: 'Direct measure'

1

Wilf, Jacob, and A. Ben-Naim. "Direct Measure of Hydrophilic Interaction." Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, no. 34 (August 1994): 8594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100085a046.

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Romps, David M. "A Direct Measure of Entrainment." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1908–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3371.1.

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Abstract A method is introduced for directly measuring convective entrainment and detrainment in a cloud-resolving simulation. This technique is used to quantify the errors in the entrainment and detrainment estimates obtained using the standard bulk-plume method. The bulk-plume method diagnoses these rates from the convective flux of some conserved tracer, such as total water in nonprecipitating convection. By not accounting for the variability of this tracer in clouds and in the environment, it is argued that the bulk-plume equations systematically underestimate entrainment. Using tracers with different vertical profiles, it is also shown that the bulk-plume estimates are tracer dependent and, in some cases, unphysical. The new direct-measurement technique diagnoses entrainment and detrainment at the gridcell level without any recourse to conserved tracers. Using this method in large-eddy simulations of shallow and deep convection, it is found that the bulk-plume method underestimates entrainment by roughly a factor of 2. The directly measured entrainment rates are then compared to cloud height and cloud buoyancy. Contrary to existing theories, fractional entrainment is not found to scale like the inverse of height, the cloud buoyancy, or the gradient of cloud buoyancy. On the other hand, fractional detrainment is found to scale linearly with cloud buoyancy. Finally, direct measurement is used to diagnose the spatial distribution of entrainment and detrainment during the evolution of an individual deep cumulonimbus.

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Pendick, D. "First Direct Measure of Volcano's Blast." Science News 143, no. 7 (February 13, 1993): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3977034.

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Spangler, William D. "Direct versus Indirect Measures of Utilities." Psychological Reports 64, no. 1 (February 1989): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.1.307.

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Utilities may be measured directly by questionnaire or indirectly through the statistical analysis of choices individuals make among profiles of jobs or products. In the present research, 211 undergraduate students directly rated the importance to themselves of 10 factors such as location and starting salary thought to be relevant to students seeking their first full-time jobs. Participants also rated 32 hypothetical job profiles, from which indirect measures of job factor utilities were calculated. Finally, participants rated and ranked four additional job profiles. The present research suggested that both measures of utilities may predict job-choice behavior better than either measure used alone.

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Rabovsky, Alexander, and John Cuomo. "Olive oil: direct measure of antioxidant activity." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 27 (January 1999): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(99)90637-8.

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BEREZANSKY, YURIJ M. "POISSON MEASURE AS THE SPECTRAL MEASURE OF JACOBI FIELD." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 03, no. 01 (March 2000): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025700000078.

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A direct proof of the assertion that the spectral measure of a Poisson field of self-adjoint commuting operators is a Poisson measure is presented. This proof gives a possibility to generalize such a fact to more general situations.

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Luce, Christine, and Jean P. Kirnan. "Using Indirect vs. Direct Measures in the Summative Assessment of Student Learning in Higher Education." Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 16, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v16i4.19371.

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Contradictory results have been reported regarding the accuracy of various methods used to assess student learning in higher education. The current study examined student learning outcomes across a multi-section and multi-instructor psychology research course with both indirect and direct assessments in a sample of 67 undergraduate students. The indirect method measured student perceived knowledge and abilities on course topics, while the direct method measured actual knowledge where students answered test questions or solved problems reflecting course content. Both measures independently demonstrated increases from pretest to posttest; however the indirect measure did not correlate with final course grades. Results also showed respondents scoring lower on the direct measure were overconfident (as measured by indirect score) in their perceived knowledge and ability, the Dunning-Kruger Effect. Based on our findings, we concluded that the indirect method was not an accurate measure of student learning, but may have benefits as an instructional tool.

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Ringen, Stein. "Direct and Indirect Measures of Poverty." Journal of Social Policy 17, no. 3 (July 1988): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400016858.

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ABSTRACTPoverty can be defined and measured either directly (in terms of consumption) or indirectly (in terms of income). The relative deprivation concept of poverty is a direct concept; poverty is understood as visible poverty, that is, a low standard of consumption. The income poverty line is an indirect measure; poverty is established as low income. It is argued that recent mainstream poverty research combines a direct definition and an indirect measure. This causes there to be no logical line of deduction between definition and measurement and, along with other problems in the approach, renders the statistics produced invalid.

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Chakrabarti, Sukanya, Jason Wright, Philip Chang, Alice Quillen, Peter Craig, Joey Territo, Elena D’Onghia, et al. "Toward a Direct Measure of the Galactic Acceleration." Astrophysical Journal 902, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): L28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb9b5.

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10

Tripodi, A. "To measure or not to measure direct oral anticoagulants before surgery or invasive procedures." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 14, no. 7 (June 13, 2016): 1325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.13344.

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11

Kutsenko, Anton A. "On the measure of the spectrum of direct integrals." Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis 9, no. 2 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15352/bjma/09-2-1.

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12

Dec, Steven F., Kristin E. Bowler, Laura L. Stadterman, Carolyn A. Koh, and E. Dendy Sloan. "Direct Measure of the Hydration Number of Aqueous Methane." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 2 (January 2006): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja055283f.

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13

Sparks, W. B. "A direct way to measure the distances of galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 433 (September 1994): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/174621.

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14

Weitz, Jeffrey I., and John W. Eikelboom. "Urgent Need to Measure Effects of Direct Oral Anticoagulants." Circulation 134, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.116.022307.

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15

Clapham, Lindsay. "How to measure blood pressure: direct and indirect techniques." Veterinary Nurse 2, no. 6 (July 2011): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2011.2.6.324.

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16

Dalzell, G. "Is Operating Cost a Direct Measure of Inherent Safety?" Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, no. 6 (November 2003): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758203770866584.

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17

Yazgan, M. Yanki, James F. Leckman, and Bruce E. Wexler. "A Direct Observational Measure of Whole Body Turning Bias." Cortex 32, no. 1 (March 1996): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(96)80025-6.

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18

Evenson, D. P., and D. Tritle. "SCSA is a direct measure of sperm DNA fragmentation." Fertility and Sterility 82 (September 2004): S174—S175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.454.

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19

Zelinka, Samuel L., Douglas R. Rammer, Donald S. Stone, and James T. Gilbertson. "Direct current testing to measure corrosiveness of wood preservatives." Corrosion Science 49, no. 3 (March 2007): 1673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.10.001.

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20

Miyagi, Toshihiko, and Hisa Morisugi. "A DIRECT MEASURE OF THE VALUE OF CHOICE-FREEDOM." Papers in Regional Science 75, no. 2 (January 14, 2005): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00657.x.

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21

Sharma, Preeti, Jean-François Motte, Frank Fournel, Benjamin Cross, Elisabeth Charlaix, and Cyril Picard. "A Direct Sensor to Measure Minute Liquid Flow Rates." Nano Letters 18, no. 9 (August 2, 2018): 5726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02332.

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22

Firouzi, Hadi, and Homayoun Najjaran. "Adaptive on-line similarity measure for direct visual tracking." Image and Vision Computing 32, no. 4 (April 2014): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2014.01.007.

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23

Miyagi, Toshihiko, and Hisa Morisugi. "A direct measure of the value of choice-freedom." Papers in Regional Science 75, no. 2 (April 1996): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02404703.

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24

Boyack, Kevin W., and Richard Klavans. "A comparison of large-scale science models based on textual, direct citation and hybrid relatedness." Quantitative Science Studies 1, no. 4 (December 2020): 1570–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00085.

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Recent large-scale bibliometric models have largely been based on direct citation, and several recent studies have explored augmenting direct citation with other citation-based or textual characteristics. In this study we compare clustering results from direct citation, extended direct citation, a textual relatedness measure, and several citation-text hybrid measures using a set of nine million documents. Three different accuracy measures are employed, one based on references in authoritative documents, one using textual relatedness, and the last using document pairs linked by grants. We find that a hybrid relatedness measure based equally on direct citation and PubMed-related article scores gives more accurate clusters (in the aggregate) than the other relatedness measures tested. We also show that the differences in cluster contents between the different models are even larger than the differences in accuracy, suggesting that the textual and citation logics are complementary. Finally, we show that for the hybrid measure based on direct citation and related article scores, the larger clusters are more oriented toward textual relatedness, while the smaller clusters are more oriented toward citation-based relatedness.

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25

Spyropoulos, A. C., A. Al-Badri, M. W. Sherwood, and J. D. Douketis. "To measure or not to measure direct oral anticoagulants before surgery or invasive procedures: comment." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 14, no. 12 (October 24, 2016): 2556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.13505.

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26

Tripodi, A. "To measure or not to measure direct oral anticoagulants before surgery or invasive procedures: reply." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 14, no. 12 (October 24, 2016): 2559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.13513.

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27

Tripodi, A. "To measure or not to measure direct oral anticoagulants before surgery or invasive procedures: reply." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 15, no. 1 (January 2017): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.13572.

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28

Selby, R., Z. Shah, L. Black, J. Ongteco, S. Kulkarni, and D. Piraino. "To measure or not to measure direct oral anticoagulants before surgery or invasive procedures: comment." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 15, no. 1 (January 2017): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.13573.

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29

Ahuja, Tania, Veronica Raco, Sharonlin Bhardwaj, and David Green. "To Measure or Not to Measure: Direct Oral Anticoagulant Laboratory Assay Monitoring in Clinical Practice." Advances in Hematology 2023 (February 22, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9511499.

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The need for therapeutic drug monitoring of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) remains an area of clinical equipoise. Although routine monitoring may be unnecessary given predictable pharmacokinetics in most patients, there may be altered pharmacokinetics in those with end organ dysfunction, such as those with renal impairment, or with concomitant interacting medications, at extremes of body weight or age, or in those with thromboembolic events in atypical locations. We aimed to assess real-world practices in situations in which DOAC drug-level monitoring was used at a large academic medical center. A retrospective review of the records of patients who had a DOAC drug-specific activity level checked from 2016 to 2019 was included. A total of 119 patients had 144 DOAC measurements (apixaban (n = 62) and rivaroxaban (n = 57)). Drug-specific calibrated DOAC levels were within an expected therapeutic range for 110 levels(76%), with 21 levels (15%) above the expected range and 13 levels (9%) below the expected range. The DOAC levels were checked in the setting of an urgent or emergent procedure in 28 patients (24%), followed by renal failure in 17 patients (14%), a bleeding event in 11 patients (9%), concern for recurrent thromboembolism in 10 patients (8%), thrombophilia in 9 patients (8%), a history of recurrent thromboembolism in 6 patients (5%), extremes of body weight in 7 patients (5%), and unknown reasons in 7 patients (5%). Clinical decision making was infrequently affected by the DOAC monitoring. Therapeutic drug monitoring with DOACs may help predict bleeding events in elderly patients, those with impaired renal function, and in the event of an emergent or urgent procedure. Future studies are needed to target the select patient-specific scenarios where monitoring DOAC levels may impact clinical outcomes.

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30

Axt, Jordan R. "The Best Way to Measure Explicit Racial Attitudes Is to Ask About Them." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 8 (October 4, 2017): 896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617728995.

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Direct assessments of explicit racial attitudes, such as reporting an overt preference for White versus Black people, may raise social desirability concerns and reduce measurement quality. As a result, researchers have developed more indirect self-report measures of explicit racial attitudes. While such measures dampen social desirability concerns, they may weaken measurement quality by assessing construct-irrelevant attitudes, thereby lowering correspondence between measure and construct. To investigate whether direct or indirect self-report measures better assess explicit racial attitudes, participants ( N > 800,000) completed an implicit racial attitude measure and a subset of over 400 items that varied in the degree to which they were indirect or direct assessments of self-reported racial attitudes. More direct assessments of racial preferences were better predictors of implicit racial attitudes and maximized differences between Black and White participants. These results suggest that the best method to measure individuals’ explicit racial attitudes is to ask about them directly.

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31

Li, Sheng Li, Xing Dong Peng, and Yu Chen. "Study on Direct Annealing Process of Hot-Rolled Plate." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.535.

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To study the transmutation of organization and texture on direct annealing process of hot-rolled plate. Different annealing experiments were done in the lab. The annealed samples are from steel grade of SPHC. To check the organization of the annealed samples by optical microscopy, to measure grain size by Micro-image Analysis & process software. To measure the mechanical properties by the room temperature tensile test. To check AlN by TEM and EDX.To measure texture by texture measuring instrument, and the data was collected on a computer, using two-step calculation of ODF, measured with constant 45° section of graph. When annealing temperature of the samples reaches 875 °C or more, a relatively low strength , high n value, and high r value is received, but if the holding time is longer, grain coarsening occurs at the time,so the annealing temperature is not more than 925°C.When annealing temperature reaches 875 °C, AlN increased slightly, and the texture is not obvious.

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32

Calderon, Orly. "Direct and Indirect Measures of Learning Outcomes in an MSW Program: What Do We Actually Measure?" Journal of Social Work Education 49, no. 3 (June 6, 2013): 408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2013.796767.

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33

DYKEMA, KEN, and KUNAL MUKHERJEE. "MEASURE-MULTIPLICITY OF THE LAPLACIAN MASA." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 55, no. 2 (August 2, 2012): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001708951200050x.

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34

Douketis, James D., and Mansoor Radwi. "A clinical conundrum: to measure or not measure direct oral anticoagulants before a surgery or procedure?" Internal and Emergency Medicine 13, no. 7 (August 24, 2018): 997–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-018-1930-y.

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Marks, Guy B., Jennifer Ho, Phuong Thi Bich Nguyen, Thu Anh Nguyen, Khanh Luu Boi, Khoa Hien Tran, Son Van Nguyen, et al. "A Direct Measure of Tuberculosis Incidence — Effect of Community Screening." New England Journal of Medicine 386, no. 14 (April 7, 2022): 1380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2114176.

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36

Mitsugi, Jin. "Direct strain measure for large-deformation analyses of beam structures." AIAA Journal 33, no. 10 (October 1995): 1934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.12748.

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37

van Buren, Dave, and Matthew A. Greenhouse. "A more direct measure of supernova rates in starburst galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 431 (August 1994): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/174515.

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38

van Gruijthuijsen, Kitty, Wim G. Bouwman, Peter Schurtenberger, and Anna Stradner. "Direct comparison of SESANS and SAXS to measure colloidal interactions." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 106, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 28002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/106/28002.

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39

TAIRA, Naoyuki, Hayao MIYAGI, and Katsumi YAMASHITA. "A Measure for Decision-Making Problem on Direct Product Space." Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers 15, no. 1 (2002): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5687/iscie.15.17.

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40

Mannuzzu, L. M., M. M. Moronne, and E. Y. Isacoff. "Direct Physical Measure of Conformational Rearrangement Underlying Potassium Channel Gating." Science 271, no. 5246 (January 12, 1996): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5246.213.

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41

Woodhouse, Iain H., Edward T. A. Mitchard, Matthew Brolly, Danae Maniatis, and Casey M. Ryan. "Radar backscatter is not a 'direct measure' of forest biomass." Nature Climate Change 2, no. 8 (July 15, 2012): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1601.

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42

Purdie, Neil, Laura H. Murphy, and Robin B. Purdie. "Direct measure of the low-density fractions of serum cholesterol." Analytical Chemistry 63, no. 24 (December 15, 1991): 2947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00024a026.

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43

Shibley, I. A., T. A. McIntyre, and S. N. Pennington. "Experimental models used to measure direct and indirect ethanol teratogenicity." Alcohol and Alcoholism 34, no. 2 (March 1, 1999): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/34.2.125.

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44

Zhi-Qiang, Jiang, and Zhou Wei-Xing. "Direct Evidence for Inversion Formula in Multifractal Financial Volatility Measure." Chinese Physics Letters 26, no. 2 (February 2009): 028901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/26/2/028901.

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45

Wang, Zhiting. "A Method for a Direct Measure of Entrainment and Detrainment." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 8 (July 20, 2020): 3329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-20-0046.1.

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Abstract The entrainment and detrainment rates are important quantities characterizing airmass exchange between clouds and the environment. One of the challenges in calculating the rates is the need to know the velocity vector of the cloud interface in relation to that of the cloud-free air; however, the interface is not well resolved in most cloud model simulations and so the precise value of the vector is not known. Here a new method is described to approximately calculate mass fluxes across the cloud surface in well-resolved simulations of cumulus convection. The method does away with the need to calculate a cloud interface velocity and instead uses gradients of a defined cloud scalar across the cloud interface. As a result, the entrainment and detrainment rates are expressed as an integration over a small region around the cloud interface. The integrand is composed of the total derivative of the cloud scalar. The new method is applied to large-eddy simulations (LES) of a shallow cumulus case and a deep convection case. Compared to a previous method, the approach described here gives 1.5–2 times smaller exchange rates and shows less noise. The smaller exchange rates are explained as the result of differences in how the two methods correct for the advective contribution to variations of cloud volume. Derived two-dimensional distributions of the exchange rates agree well for both methods. Spatial correlation coefficients are about 0.69–0.88 for entrainment and 0.55–0.78 for detrainment.

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46

Scholler, Simon, Sebastian Bosse, Matthias Sebastian Treder, Benjamin Blankertz, Gabriel Curio, Klaus-Robert Muller, and Thomas Wiegand. "Toward a Direct Measure of Video Quality Perception Using EEG." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 21, no. 5 (May 2012): 2619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2187672.

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47

Bogo, Marion, Cheryl Regehr, Judy Hughes, Roxanne Power, and Judith Globerman. "Evaluating a Measure of Student Field Performance in Direct Service." Journal of Social Work Education 38, no. 3 (October 2002): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2002.10779106.

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48

Kevan, S. D. "Direct measure of surface impurity scattering by angle-resolved photoemission." Physical Review B 33, no. 6 (March 15, 1986): 4364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.33.4364.

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49

Altman, David. "The Potential of Direct Democracy: A Global Measure (1900–2014)." Social Indicators Research 133, no. 3 (July 8, 2016): 1207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1408-0.

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50

Iachini, Tina, and Gennaro Ruggiero. "Egocentric and allocentric spatial frames of reference: a direct measure." Cognitive Processing 7, S1 (July 19, 2006): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-006-0100-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct measure'

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