Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct measure

Academic literature on the topic 'Direct measure'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Direct measure"

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Wilf, Jacob, and A. Ben-Naim. "Direct Measure of Hydrophilic Interaction." Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, no. 34 (August 1994): 8594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100085a046.

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Romps, David M. "A Direct Measure of Entrainment." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1908–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3371.1.

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Abstract A method is introduced for directly measuring convective entrainment and detrainment in a cloud-resolving simulation. This technique is used to quantify the errors in the entrainment and detrainment estimates obtained using the standard bulk-plume method. The bulk-plume method diagnoses these rates from the convective flux of some conserved tracer, such as total water in nonprecipitating convection. By not accounting for the variability of this tracer in clouds and in the environment, it is argued that the bulk-plume equations systematically underestimate entrainment. Using tracers with different vertical profiles, it is also shown that the bulk-plume estimates are tracer dependent and, in some cases, unphysical. The new direct-measurement technique diagnoses entrainment and detrainment at the gridcell level without any recourse to conserved tracers. Using this method in large-eddy simulations of shallow and deep convection, it is found that the bulk-plume method underestimates entrainment by roughly a factor of 2. The directly measured entrainment rates are then compared to cloud height and cloud buoyancy. Contrary to existing theories, fractional entrainment is not found to scale like the inverse of height, the cloud buoyancy, or the gradient of cloud buoyancy. On the other hand, fractional detrainment is found to scale linearly with cloud buoyancy. Finally, direct measurement is used to diagnose the spatial distribution of entrainment and detrainment during the evolution of an individual deep cumulonimbus.
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Pendick, D. "First Direct Measure of Volcano's Blast." Science News 143, no. 7 (February 13, 1993): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3977034.

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Spangler, William D. "Direct versus Indirect Measures of Utilities." Psychological Reports 64, no. 1 (February 1989): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.1.307.

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Utilities may be measured directly by questionnaire or indirectly through the statistical analysis of choices individuals make among profiles of jobs or products. In the present research, 211 undergraduate students directly rated the importance to themselves of 10 factors such as location and starting salary thought to be relevant to students seeking their first full-time jobs. Participants also rated 32 hypothetical job profiles, from which indirect measures of job factor utilities were calculated. Finally, participants rated and ranked four additional job profiles. The present research suggested that both measures of utilities may predict job-choice behavior better than either measure used alone.
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Rabovsky, Alexander, and John Cuomo. "Olive oil: direct measure of antioxidant activity." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 27 (January 1999): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(99)90637-8.

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BEREZANSKY, YURIJ M. "POISSON MEASURE AS THE SPECTRAL MEASURE OF JACOBI FIELD." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 03, no. 01 (March 2000): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025700000078.

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A direct proof of the assertion that the spectral measure of a Poisson field of self-adjoint commuting operators is a Poisson measure is presented. This proof gives a possibility to generalize such a fact to more general situations.
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Luce, Christine, and Jean P. Kirnan. "Using Indirect vs. Direct Measures in the Summative Assessment of Student Learning in Higher Education." Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 16, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v16i4.19371.

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Contradictory results have been reported regarding the accuracy of various methods used to assess student learning in higher education. The current study examined student learning outcomes across a multi-section and multi-instructor psychology research course with both indirect and direct assessments in a sample of 67 undergraduate students. The indirect method measured student perceived knowledge and abilities on course topics, while the direct method measured actual knowledge where students answered test questions or solved problems reflecting course content. Both measures independently demonstrated increases from pretest to posttest; however the indirect measure did not correlate with final course grades. Results also showed respondents scoring lower on the direct measure were overconfident (as measured by indirect score) in their perceived knowledge and ability, the Dunning-Kruger Effect. Based on our findings, we concluded that the indirect method was not an accurate measure of student learning, but may have benefits as an instructional tool.
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Ringen, Stein. "Direct and Indirect Measures of Poverty." Journal of Social Policy 17, no. 3 (July 1988): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400016858.

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ABSTRACTPoverty can be defined and measured either directly (in terms of consumption) or indirectly (in terms of income). The relative deprivation concept of poverty is a direct concept; poverty is understood as visible poverty, that is, a low standard of consumption. The income poverty line is an indirect measure; poverty is established as low income. It is argued that recent mainstream poverty research combines a direct definition and an indirect measure. This causes there to be no logical line of deduction between definition and measurement and, along with other problems in the approach, renders the statistics produced invalid.
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Chakrabarti, Sukanya, Jason Wright, Philip Chang, Alice Quillen, Peter Craig, Joey Territo, Elena D’Onghia, et al. "Toward a Direct Measure of the Galactic Acceleration." Astrophysical Journal 902, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): L28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb9b5.

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Tripodi, A. "To measure or not to measure direct oral anticoagulants before surgery or invasive procedures." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 14, no. 7 (June 13, 2016): 1325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.13344.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct measure"

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Jowett, Simon. "A novel photogrammetric technique using DLT to measure golf shaft dynamics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272754.

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Gandy, Megan E. "Assessing LGBTQ youth cultural competency in direct-care behavioral health workers: Development and validation of a measure." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3741.

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Direct-care workers can provide an array of service types to children, adolescents, and their families in behavioral health treatment. They may also work in a variety of settings (e.g., group homes, inpatient units/hospitals, residential treatment, treatment foster care, day treatment, in-home treatment, etc.). Direct-care workers typically are involved in the supervision of youth and in the implementation of a treatment plan developed by the youth’s treatment team. For youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) and are receiving behavioral health services, such workers form a critical part of their therapeutic experience. However, little is known about these workers’ competencies related to working with LGBTQ youth. This study begins to fill that gap by developing and testing a measure that assessed LGBTQ cultural competencies related to behavioral health practice with youth and a measure that was relevant to the roles and responsibilities of direct-care (e.g., paraprofessional, front-line) workers. In order for direct-care workers to use LGBTQ cultural competency in their practice, more understanding is needed about their current level of LGBTQ-related cultural competency. The LGBTQ Youth Cultural Competency scale (abbreviated as LGBTQY-CC) provides a means to measure those competencies. An exploratory factor analysis found that the new scale consists of one primary factor which represents knowledge, attitudes, skill, and awareness of LGBTQ cultural competency. Cronbach’s alpha, correlations with other measures for concurrent validity, and correlation with a measure of social desirability all resulted in evidence that the LGBTQY-CC has good validity. Analyses examined how the new measure was related to constructs associated with training and competency in direct-care workers. Multiple regression analyses showed that higher levels of LGBTQ cultural competency (as measured by the LGBTQY-CC) were significantly related to age (younger), political ideology (more liberal), more social contact with LGBTQ individuals, and degree of religious belief about LGBTQ being a sin. A model including these factors explained 60% of the variance in LGBTQY-CC scores. The LGBTQY-CC was created with the long-term goal of creating training interventions for direct-care workers to improve their practice with LGBTQ youth. The measure could be used to assess training participants’ knowledge, attitudes, skills, and awareness and to evaluate the effectiveness of varying types and styles of training programs. Federal and state regulatory bodies have begun to require service providers to identify how they will address disparities faced by LGBTQ individuals, so service providers need to demonstrate how they are improving access to and quality of care for LGBTQ individuals. Therefore, the LGBTQY-CC may provide a means to gather data on efforts made by service providers to improve their behavioral health workforce’s capacity to serve LGBTQ youth.
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Laham, Noor. "Episodic DSS tests to measure changing strength for whole-life geotechnical design." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Changes in seabed soil strength due to loading events during the life of a structure, affect the response of the structure to any future event. This change in soil strength due to loading events, in particular cyclic loads, was of great concern in the field of offshore geotechnics during the last decades. Allowing for these changes can have a beneficial outcome on the design. Studying the changes occurring in the soil can be mainly done using large scale centrifuge tests or Laboratory element testing, where the latter proved to be able to successfully illustrate soil strength changes during periods of cyclic loads and reconsolidation. A new approach of life design known as “the whole life design” has been introduced lately to the industry “. Whole life design embraces the time-varying evolution of actions and resistances to create a continuous assessment of conditions of a structure. This dissertation studies the possibility of one of the most famous element tests which is the “Direct simple shear testing” to capture the changing in strength under cyclic (i.e., episodic in this context) loads and the settlement of subsea layers for the whole life geotechnical design. The outcome of the DSS testing in addition to outcomes from other previous methods (eg T-bar penetrations and Triaxial testing) can form the basis for a new framework to be adopted in the future for demonstrating a whole life design for subsea structures. In general, the project introduces the concept of whole-life geotechnical design through practical examples and shed lights on Direct simple shear testing ability to simulate specific cyclic loading scenarios. The topic closes with a discussion of next steps to enable whole-life geotechnical design to be more readily adopted in routine practice where appropriate.
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Looney, David. "The relationship between the CEFI, as a measure for executive function, and the BASC-3, as a measure of externalizing behavior, on school problems for children receiving special education services." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3612.

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This study examined the relationship between executive function and externalizing behaviors within a student population that was assessed for special education services. Executive function was measured by using the Comprehensive Executive Function Inventory (CEFI). Externalizing behaviors and school problems was measured using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3). Four separate structural equation models were produced and analyzed to examine this relationship. The results from this study indicate that there is a significant direct effect from executive function on externalizing behaviors and school problems, such that higher scores in executive function yielded lower externalizing behavior and school problems scores. Differences in average full scale CEFI scores were noted between types of special education placements and between various groupings of students in regards to what category they qualified in. The data indicates programs that facilitated more environmental supports and services had students with lower full scale CEFI scores, while students that qualified under Other Health Impairment and Emotional Disturbance shared comorbid features with other distinct processing deficits.
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Genovese, Marco. "Analisi sperimentale e misura diretta dello sforzo taglianti di fondo di correnti in canale a pelo libero." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1976.

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2013 - 2014
The manuscript presents the study that led to the design, implementation and testing of an innovative system for the direct measurement, in the laboratory, of the bed shear stress of flows in open channel. The related analysis has been intended at exploring the possibility of providing a new tool to survey research, especially in the context of the erosion of the bed during the events known as debris flow. In facts, the shear stress between the debris flow and the ground over which it propagates, is now recognized as one of the key parrrameters that affect the most dynamic local and global motion (Iverson 2010). However, experimental resarch has not sufficiently investigated this aspect. The electromechanical system presented in this work earned, therefore, the purpose to make a contribution to this survey... [edited by Author]
XIII n.s.
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Vaculík, Vlastimil. "Snímače proudu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219715.

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This diploma theisis deals with the theoretical analysis of the known types of current sensors, including for example, current transformers, shunts, and advanced sensors using Hall sensor or Rogowski coil. Subsequently, the rest of the work deals with the issue of current transducers with Hall sensors, without using a ferromagnetic circuit. For optimal currnet measure and overall precision, several possible options are designed and calculated. This includes number of sensing elements and distribution of sensors around the wires. Based on calaculation of magnetic intensity, related 3D charts ale plotted unsing Excel software. These charts illustrate the theoretical calculations of field distribution around conductors for various number of sensor. In the last part, components ale designed for practical implementation and scheme of electrical wiring. According to this scheme there is PCB designed as well. Whole current meter ir practically build and its results are compared with theoretical assumtions that are discussed in conclusion part of this theisis.
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Reuter, Robert. "Direct and indirect measures of learning in visual search." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209542.

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In this thesis, we will explore direct and indirect measures of learning in a visual search task commonly called contextual cueing. In the first part, we present a review of the scientific literature on contextual cueing, in order to give the readers of this thesis a better general idea of existing evidence and open questions within this relatively new research field. The aims of our own experimental studies presented in the succeeding chapters are the following ones: (1) to replicate and extend the findings described in the various papers by Marvin Chun and various colleagues on contextual cueing of visual attention; (2) to explore the nature of memory representations underlying the observed learning effects, especially whether learning is actually implicit and whether memory representations are distinctive, episodic and instance-based or rather distributed, continuous and graded; (3) to extend the study of contextual cueing to more realistic visual stimuli, in order to test its robustness across various situations and validate its adaptive value in ecologically sound conditions;

and (4) to investigate whether such knowledge about the association between visual contexts and “meaningful” locations can be (automatically) transferred to other tasks, namely a change detection task.

In a first series of four experiments, we tried to replicate the documented contextual cueing effect using a wide range of various direct measures of learning (tasks that are supposed to be related to explicit knowledge) and we systematically varied the distinctiveness of context configurations to study its effect on both direct and indirect measures of learning.

We also ran a series of neural network simulations (briefly described in the general discussion of this thesis), based on a very simple association-learning mechanism, that not only account for the observed contextual cueing effect, but also yield rather specific predictions about future experimental data: contextual cueing effects should also be observed when repetitions of context configurations are not perfect, i.e. the networks were able to react to slightly distorted versions of repeating contexts in a similar way than they did to completely identical contexts. Human participants, we conjectured, should therefore (if the simple connectionist model captures some relevant aspects of the contextual cueing effect) become faster at detecting targets surrounded by context configurations that are only partially identical from trial to trial compared to those trials where the context configurations were randomly generated. These predictions were tested in a second series of experiments using pseudo-repeated context configurations, where some distractor items were either displaced from trial to trial or their orientation changed, while conserving their global layout.

In a third series of experiments, we used more realistic images of natural landscapes as background contexts to establish the robustness of the contextual cueing effect as well as its ecological relevance claimed by Chun and colleagues. We furthermore added a second task to these experiments to study whether the acquired knowledge about the background-target location associations would (automatically) transfer to another visual search task, namely a change detection task. If participants have learned that certain locations of the repeated images are “important”, since they contain the target item to look for, then changes occurring at those specific locations should lead to less “change blindness” than changes occurring at other irrelevant locations. We used two different types of instructions to introduce this second task after the visual search task, where we either stressed the link between the two tasks, i.e. telling them that remembering the “important” locations for each image could be used to find the changes faster, or we simply told them to perform the second task without any reference to the first one.

We will close this thesis with a general discussion, combining findings based on our review of the existing research literature and findings based on our own experimental explorations of the contextual cueing effect. By this we will discuss the implications of our empirical studies for the scientific investigation of contextual cueing and implicit learning, in terms of theoretical, empirical and methodological issues.
Doctorat en sciences psychologiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Pires, Jacinta Paula. "Modelling output and inflation using direct measures of expectations." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9943.

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This thesis provides an applied macroeconometric study of the determination of output and inflation and of stabilization policy. Its focus is on the time series analysis of output and inflation, concentrating on the use of direct measures of expectations and data obtained in real time, and modelled in multivariate settings. Direct measures of expectations are useful in this study as they allow a better understanding of the expectations formation processes as well as the role played by expectations in the output and inflation dynamics and in the conduct of monetary policy. The use of real time data is important as it focuses on information sets available when decisions are made. This study considers three empirical exercises using actual and expected output and inflation series for the UK and US for the last forty years and making use of different sources of survey data. They are presented to build an increasingly sophisticated picture of the interactions between growth, inflation and stabilization policy. The first chapter concentrates on the measurement of actual and expected inflation and output from different sources of survey data, eventually developing a multivariate framework with which to analyse expectations at different time horizons. The second chapter concentrates on the dynamics between actual and expected inflation and output, developing a simple growth model that distinguishes between the longrun trend in output and short and medium term fluctuation around that trend, with inflation assumed to be driven by a model of time-consistent monetary policy. The last chapter builds on the previous ones by considering a small macro model of the economy based on three main behavioural relationships: a Phillips curve, an IS curve and a monetary policy rule; its focus is on the role of expectations in the conduct of monetary policy.
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Hester, Dena M. "Corporate Money and Direct Democracy Measures: A Case Study." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7807.

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Direct democracy was adopted by states to balance the influence and power of corporate interests. Although corporate money has always been a part of American democracy, dark money expenditures have increased significantly since the Citizens United v. FEC case. Corporate money in elections poses a problem because it inconsistent with the tenants of direct democracy. Little published literature addresses the influence of corporate money on direct democracy measures. Using Kingdon's multiple streams approach as the foundation, the purpose of this case study was to investigate the perceived influence of corporate money on the 2018 ballot initiative and referendum measures in Arizona. The research question was focused on the perceptions of political professionals of the influence of corporate money on direct democracy. Data were collected through using a purposeful sampling that identified 10 political professionals. Semi-structured interviews with participants were supplemented with document review. Data were inductively coded, and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure, producing 4 thematic elements. The key findings of this study indicated that access to the ballot, using an effective campaign strategy, running an effective paid media campaign, and the outcome all hinged on the money available to fund and support, or oppose, a measure. The implications for social change for the study include informing policy makers of the perceived influence of corporate money on direct democracy so they are equipped to implement policy aligned with the original goal of citizen participation in the state's constitution.
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Guo, Li Li. "Direct Optimization of Ranking Measures for Learning to Rank Models." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1341520987.

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Books on the topic "Direct measure"

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Fund, International Monetary. Foreign direct investment statistics: How countries measure FDI. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 2003.

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Fund, International Monetary, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., eds. Foreign direct investment statistics: How countries measure FDI 2001. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 2003.

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Welch, Catherine J. Differential performance on a direct measure of writing skills for black and white college students. Iowa City, IA: American College Testing Program, 1989.

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Wibral, Michael, Raul Vicente, and Joseph T. Lizier, eds. Directed Information Measures in Neuroscience. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54474-3.

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Olsen, Lars. Random geometrically graph directed self-similar multifractals. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1994.

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Schedler, Andreas. Democrats with adjectives: Linking direct and indirect measures of democratic support. Glasgow: University of Strathclyde, 2004.

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Council on Quality and Leadership in Supports for People with Disabilities (Towson, Md.), ed. Personal outcome measures in consumer-directed behavioral health. 2nd ed. Towson, MD: Council on Quality and Leadership in Supports for People with Disabilities, 2000.

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Verification of calibration for direct-reading portable gas monitors. Washington, D.C.]: U. S. Dept. of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Directorate of Science, Technology and Medicine, Office of Science and Technology Assessment, 2004.

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Evans, Paul. Measured effects of repeater jamming on direct-sequence spread spectrum receivers that use envelope detectors. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Japan. Tsūshō Sangyōshō. Kokusai Kigyōka. Waga kuni no tainichi chokusetsu tōshi sokushinsaku: Measures for promoting foreign direct investment in Japan. [Tokyo]: Tsūshō Sangyōshō Kokusai Kigyōka, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Direct measure"

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Roos, K. R., and M. C. Tringides. "A Direct Measure of the Barrier to Interlayer Diffusion." In Surface Diffusion, 219–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0262-7_19.

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Singh, Anand Pratap, and Irina Perfilieva. "Measure of Lattice-Valued Direct F-transforms and Its Topological Interpretations." In Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, 240–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50153-2_18.

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Holness, Gary F. "A Direct Measure for the Efficacy of Bayesian Network Structures Learned from Data." In Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition, 601–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73499-4_45.

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Wilhelm, C., J. Bida, A. Domin, and M. Lohr. "Is the Measure of PSII Quantum Yield by Means of in-vivo Chl a-fluorescence really a direct Measure of Phytoplankton Primary Production?" In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, 4701–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_1100.

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Strauss, Gary H. S. "Direct Mutagen Risk Assessment: The Development of Methods to Measure Immunologic and Genetic Responses to Mutagens." In Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures IV, 333–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7849-9_25.

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Pachl, Jan. "Direct Product and Convolution." In Uniform Spaces and Measures, 129–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5058-0_10.

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Lynn, Theo, Pierangelo Rosati, Edel Conway, Declan Curran, Grace Fox, and Colm O’Gorman. "Digital Technologies and Civil Society." In Digital Towns, 91–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91247-5_5.

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AbstractCivil society refers to social institutions outside of the confines of households, the market and the state. Such institutions provide a wide range of facilities and services in communities and society, generate employment, and create significant economic value through direct, indirect and induced expenditure. Notwithstanding this, voluntary, social and community organisations are rarely included in indices seeking to measure digital progress in society. Digital technologies can transform how civil society organisations operate and interact with their stakeholders. This chapter defines civil society, discusses the role they play in society, and the opportunities and challenges for digital adoption and use in civil society.
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Jinji, Naoto, Xingyuan Zhang, and Shoji Haruna. "Do Deep Regional Trade Agreements Enhance International Technology Spillovers? Depth, Breadth, and Heterogeneity." In Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, 127–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5210-3_7.

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AbstractIn Chap. 10.1007/978-981-16-5210-3_5, we examine the relationship between bilateral trade patterns and international technology spillovers. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-16-5210-3_6, we analyze how horizontal and vertical foreign direct investment (FDI) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) affects technology spillovers between themselves and firms in host countries. Both chapters analyze the issues from theoretical and empirical points of view. Each chapter shows that international trade or FDI is an important channel of international technology spillovers, but the effect on them is heterogeneous, depending on the type of trade patterns or the structure of FDI. In both chapters we measure technology spillovers using patent citation data.
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Suda, Jürgen, Siegfried Sauermoser, and Florian Rudolf-Miklau. "Building protection (direct protection) measures." In The Technical Avalanche Protection Handbook, 311–24. Berlin, Germany: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783433603840.ch08.

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Deaconu, Stefan-Marius, and Roland Olah. "Measuring Students’ Perception of COVID-19 Impact on Higher Education Through the National Student Survey in Romania." In Higher Education in Romania: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing Opportunities, 141–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94496-4_8.

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AbstractThe article presents the first National Student Survey (NSS-RO) results. The questionnaire was opened to all Romanian students between November 2020 and January 2021 and involved 23,796 respondents from 76 higher education institutions. Initially designed to be a tool to improve the quality of higher education, given the epidemiological context created with the Covid-19 pandemic, it expanded with one section to measure students’ perception of its impact on higher education. This work intends to establish a correlation between student dropout intention during the Covid-19 pandemic and the direct support received from higher education institutions regarding material resources, such as tablets, laptops, or other similar tools. Secondly, it analyses the students’ perception of the transition into emergency remote education. We measured in this sense their opinion on how easily they accessed mainly online educational resources, the information received, and the teachers’ performance during classes. These results provide one of the first steps towards understanding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Romanian higher education system. The massive interference provoked a giant leap in digitalisation and significantly changed how universities apply Student-Centred Learning (SCL) practices. Also, this study contributes to the area of national student surveys.
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Conference papers on the topic "Direct measure"

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Lin, Hui, Xiaopeng Hong, Zhiheng Ma, Xing Wei, Yunfeng Qiu, Yaowei Wang, and Yihong Gong. "Direct Measure Matching for Crowd Counting." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/116.

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Traditional crowd counting approaches usually use Gaussian assumption to generate pseudo density ground truth, which suffers from problems like inaccurate estimation of the Gaussian kernel sizes. In this paper, we propose a new measure-based counting approach to regress the predicted density maps to the scattered point-annotated ground truth directly. First, crowd counting is formulated as a measure matching problem. Second, we derive a semi-balanced form of Sinkhorn divergence, based on which a Sinkhorn counting loss is designed for measure matching. Third, we propose a self-supervised mechanism by devising a Sinkhorn scale consistency loss to resist scale changes. Finally, an efficient optimization method is provided to minimize the overall loss function. Extensive experiments on four challenging crowd counting datasets namely ShanghaiTech, UCF-QNRF, JHU++ and NWPU have validated the proposed method.
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Just, Felix, Andrea Cavanna, Maria V. Chekhova, and Gerd Leuchs. "Direct measure of the Schmidt number of biphotons." In Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cqo.2013.m6.17.

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Moghaddam, B., C. Nastar, and A. Pentland. "A Bayesian similarity measure for direct image matching." In Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1996.546848.

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Sciubba, Enrico. "Exergy as a Direct Measure of Environmental Impact." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0870.

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Abstract This paper describes an original approach to the evaluation of the influence of environmental pollution reduction measures on the energetic balance of conversion processes and systems. The quantifier taken to represent this influence is based on an extended representation of the exergy flow diagram of the process. The approach constitutes both a synthesis and a substantial extension of two different methods recently proposed by several independent Research Groups [6,8,15,30], with the purpose of providing Process Designers a general framework to include into their Design Procedures the engineering effects of effluents clean-up. The method presented here provides indeed such a coherent and consistent framework for evaluating environmental externalities, and at the same time constitutes a rational and theoretical basis which can be used to assess present and future pollution reduction technologies and policies. The paper begins with a brief summary of the existing state-of-the-art of environmental accounting techniques is given. It is then argued that some of the issues which are difficult to address with the present Thermoeconomic theory of value can be resolved in a straightforward manner by Extended Exergy Accounting (“EEA” in the following) methods. The importance of selecting the proper control volume (the portion of the biosphere affected by the system) and the correct time scale (the time span which the analysis must cover) are also discussed, and it is shown that their choice strongly affects the outcome of any environmental analysis. As an example of application, a standard cogeneration process is discussed in some detail, albeit at a rather general level.
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Boring, Ronald L., Candice D. Griffith, and Jeffrey C. Joe. "The Measure of human error: Direct and indirect performance shaping factors." In 2007 IEEE 8th Human Factors and Power Plants and HPRCT 13th Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hfpp.2007.4413201.

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Dubbs, Nathaniel C. "Design of instrumented bearings for direct measure of bridge live loads." In IABSE Symposium, Vancouver 2017: Engineering the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/vancouver.2017.1553.

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Fakoor, Rasool, Amanjit Kainth, Siamak Shakeri, Christopher Winestock, Abdel-rahman Mohamed, and Ruhi Sarikaya. "Direct Optimization of F-Measure for Retrieval-Based Personal Question Answering." In 2018 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639562.

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Zhang, Hui, Jie Tian, and Zonglei Zhen. "Direct Measure of Local Region Functional Connectivity by Multivariate Correlation Technique." In 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2007.4353521.

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Van Sy, Mai, and Eyad H. Abed. "Dynamic consensus measure and optimal selection of direct followers in multiagent networks." In 2016 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525356.

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ESMAN, R. D., and L. GOLDBERG. "Using direct modulation and an all-fiber interferometer to measure LD spectral linewidth." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.1989.wq18.

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Reports on the topic "Direct measure"

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Gillen, Emily, Nicole M. Coomer, Christopher Beadles, and Amy Mills. Constructing a Measure of Anesthesia Intensity Using Cross-Sectional Claims Data. RTI Press, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.mr.0040.1910.

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With intensifying emphasis on episodes of care and bundled payments for surgical admissions, anesthesia expenditures are increasingly important in assessing variation in expenditures for surgical episodes. When comparing anesthesia expenditures across surgical settings, adjustment for anesthesia case complexity and duration of anesthesia services, also known as anesthesia service intensity, is desirable. A single anesthesia intensity measure allows researchers to make more direct comparisons between anesthesia outcomes across settings and services. We describe a process for creating a claims-based anesthesia intensity measure using Medicare claims. We create the measure using two fields: base units associated with American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology codes on the anesthesia claim and time units associated with the service. We rescaled the time component of the anesthesia intensity measure to equally represent base units and time units. For illustration, we applied the measure to Medicare anesthesia expenditures stratified by rural/urban location. We found that adjustments for intensity were greater in urban settings because the level of intensity is greater. Compared with rural settings, unadjusted expenditures in urban settings are roughly 26 percent higher, whereas adjusted expenditures in urban settings are only 20 percent higher. Even absent longitudinal data, researchers can adjust anesthesia outcomes for intensity using our cross-sectional claims-based intensity method.
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Hayes-Sterbenz, Anna, Matthew Gooden, Gerard Jungman, Joshua Sauppe, Lynn Kot, Steven Batha, and Jerry Wilhelmy. Minimum dopant levels needed to measure the 13N and 41Ar produced in a direct drive exploding pusher capsule at the National Ignition Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1829615.

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Bell, Jack, Rik Law, Howell Li, Ben Anderson, and Darcy M. Bullock. New Opportunities for Automated Pedestrian Performance Measures. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317351.

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Pedestrian safety is an important concern when evaluating intersections. Previous literature has shown that exclusive pedestrian phases improve safety, but at the expense of imposing greater pedestrian and motorist delay. However, outside of crash data, there are no easily implementable performance measures for pedestrians at traffic signals. This study proposes two performance metrics: (1) a time-to-jaywalk measure, and (2) the Conflict Occupancy Ratio (COR) for evaluating concurrent pedestrian signal phasing with turning vehicles. The COR quantifies conflicts between turning vehicles and pedestrians in the crosswalk. The COR is based upon a commercially deployed video detection system that correctly identified the presence of pedestrians to within two per cycle in this study. This performance is likely sufficient for the current application, but as the technology matures it will provide a scalable screening tool to identify intersections that have opportunities for capacity adjustments or warrant further direct field investigation.
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Shillito, Rose, Markus Berli, and Teamrat Ghezzehei. Quantifying the effect of subcritical water repellency on sorptivity : a physically based model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41054.

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Soil water wettability or water repellency is a phenomenon that can affect infiltration and, ultimately, runoff. Thus, there is a need to develop a model that can quantitatively capture the influence of water repellency on infiltration in a physically meaningful way and within the framework of existing infiltration theory. The analytical model developed in this study relates soil sorptivity (an infiltration parameter) with contact angle (a direct measure of water repellency) for variably saturated media. The model was validated with laboratory experiments using a silica sand of known properties treated to produce controlled degrees of water repellency. The measured contact angle and sorptivity values closely matched the model‐predicted values. Further, the relationship between the frequently used water drop penetration time test (used to assess water repellency) and sorptivity was illustrated. Finally, the direct impact of water repellency on saturated hydraulic conductivity was investigated due to its role in infiltration equations and to shed light on inconsistent field observations. It was found that water repellency had minimal effect on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of structureless sand. A quantitative model for infiltration incorporating the effect of water repellency is particularly important for post‐fire hydrologic modeling of burned areas exhibiting water repellent soils.
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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
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Gutiérrez Fernández, Emilio, and Adrian Rubli. Challenges for Measuring the LGBT+ Population and Homophobia in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004747.

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We contribute to understanding the challenges for estimating the size of the LGBTQ population and discriminatory sentiment against it by surveying 10,003 individuals, whom we randomize into a direct question or an Item Count Technique (ICT) elicitation group. The fractions of the population that self-identify as LGBTQ, that reports having had same-sex sexual experiences, and that has felt same-sex attraction are higher for our sample than those obtained from government surveys. However, the difference between estimates recovered from our direct questions and through the ICT does not always have the expected sign. The negative relationship between age and self-identifying as non-heterosexual is present both in the government survey and in our direct question sample but vanishes when measured with the ICT. The positive correlation between age and homophobic sentiment is present across samples and elicitation techniques. We find no significant variation in all measures for formal vs informal workers.
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Huijser, MP, J. W. Duffield, C. Neher, A. P. Clevenger, and T. Mcguire. Final Report 2022: Update and expansion of the WVC mitigation measures and their cost-benefit model. Nevada Department of Transportation, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.10.

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This report contains an update and an expansion of a cost-benefit model for wildlife-vehicle collisions and associated mitigation measures along highways, that was originally calculated in 2007 US$ and published in 2009. The direct cost values (vehicle repair, human injuries, human fatalities) were updated for deer, elk, and moose, and expanded by including additional species: gray wolf (Canis lupus), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), and free ranging or feral domesticated species including cattle, horse, and burro. The costs associated with collisions were also expanded by including passive use, or nonuse values associated with the conservation value of selected wild animal species. The total costs (in 2020 US$) associated with a collision with deer, elk and moose were about 2-3 times (direct costs only) or about 3-4 times higher (direct costs and passive use values combined) compared to the values in 2007 US$. The passive use costs associated with threatened species (wolf, grizzly bear) were higher or much higher than the direct costs. The costs associated with mitigation measures (especially fences and wildlife crossing structures) were also updated and supplemented with new data. New cost-benefit analyses generated updated or entirely new threshold values for deer, elk, moose, and grizzly bear. If collisions with these large wild mammal species reach or surpass the threshold values, it is economically defensible to install the associated type and combination of mitigation measures, both based on direct use and passive use parameters and their associated values. The trend in increasing costs associated with vehicle repair costs, costs associated with human injuries and fatalities, and through including passive use values for wildlife is that we learn that the implementation of effective mitigation measures can be considered earlier and more readily than based on the cost-benefit model published in 2009.
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Liu, X., Z. Chen, and S. E. Grasby. Using shallow temperature measurements to evaluate thermal flux anomalies in the southern Mount Meager volcanic area, British Columbia, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330009.

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Geothermal is a clean and renewable energy resource. However, locating where elevated thermal gradient anomalies exist is a significant challenge when trying to assess potential resource volumes during early exploration of a prospective geothermal area. In this study, we deployed 22 temperature probes in the shallow subsurface along the south flank of the Mount Meager volcanic complex, to measure the transient temperature variation from September 2020 to August 2021. In our data analysis, a novel approach was developed to estimate the near-surface thermal distribution, and a workflow and code with python language have been completed for the thermal data pre-processing and analysis. The long-term temperature variation at different depths can be estimated by modelling, so that the relative difference of deducing deeper geothermal gradient anomalies can be assessed. Our proposed inversion and simulation methods were applied to calculating the temperature variation at 2.0 meters depth. The results identified a preferred high thermal flux anomalous zone in the south Mount Meager area. By combining with previous studies, the direct analysis and estimation of anomalous thermal fields based on the collected temperature data can provide a significant reference for interpretation of the regional thermal gradient variation.
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Whitecloud, Simone, Holly VerMeulen, Franz Lichtner, Nadia Podpora, Timothy Cooke, Christopher Williams, Michael Musty, Irene MacAllister, and Jason Dorvee. Understanding plant volatiles for environmental awareness : chemical composition in response to natural light cycles and wounding. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45961.

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Plants emit a bouquet of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses and, simultaneously, eavesdrop on emit-ted signals to activate direct and indirect defenses. By gaining even a slight insight into the semantics of interplant communications, a unique aware-ness of the operational environment may be obtainable (e.g., knowledge of a disturbance within). In this effort, we used five species of plants, Arabidopsis thaliana, Panicum virgatum, Festuca rubra, Tradescantia zebrina, and Achillea millefolium, to produce and query VOCs emitted in response to mechanical wounding and light cycles. These plants provide a basis for further investigation in this communication system as they span model organisms, common house plants, and Arctic plants. The VOC com-position was complex; our parameter filtering often enabled us to reduce the noise to fewer than 50 compounds emitted over minutes to hours in a day. We were able to detect and measure the plant response through two analytical methods. This report documents the methods used, the data collected, and the analyses performed on the VOCs to determine if they can be used to increase environmental awareness of the battlespace.
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Christiano, Lawrence, Martin Eichenbaum, and Robert Vigfusson. The Response of Hours to a Technology Shock: Evidence Based on Direct Measures of Technology. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10254.

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