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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct current source'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Zhu, W., N. Takano, K. H. Schoenbach, D. Guru, J. McLaren, J. Heberlein, R. May, and J. R. Cooper. "Direct current planar excimer source." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 40, no. 13 (June 15, 2007): 3896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/13/s09.

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2

Dudek, D., N. Bibinov, J. Engemann, and P. Awakowicz. "Direct current plasma jet needle source." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 40, no. 23 (November 16, 2007): 7367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/23/017.

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3

Smith, H. Vernon, Paul Allison, Carl Geisik, David R. Schmitt, J. David Schneider, and James E. Stelzer. "A direct‐current Penning surface‐plasma source." Review of Scientific Instruments 65, no. 4 (April 1994): 1176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145049.

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4

Vereshchago, E. N., and V. I. Kostyuchenko. "Instability of mode in circuit with capacity and electric arc supplied by direct current source." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 8 (August 28, 2014): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.08.07.

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5

Dudnikov, V., C. W. Schmidt, R. Hren, and J. Wendt. "Direct current surface plasma source with high emission current density." Review of Scientific Instruments 73, no. 2 (February 2002): 989–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1431410.

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6

Tsukamoto, Osami, Yoshiaki Nagai, and Kazuhiro Imaie. "Direct Connected Multiple Current Source Converters for SMES system." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 118, no. 9 (1998): 992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.118.992.

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7

Posadowski, Witold M., and Zbigniew J. Radzimski. "Sustained self‐sputtering using a direct current magnetron source." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 11, no. 6 (November 1993): 2980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.578679.

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8

Belchenko, Yu, I. Gusev, A. Khilchenko, A. Kvashnin, V. Rashchenko, A. Sanin, V. Savkin, and P. Zubarev. "Advanced direct current negative-ion source for accelerator use." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 3 (March 2006): 03A527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2170032.

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9

He, Chuan, Chang Bao Han, Guang Qin Gu, Tao Jiang, Bao Dong Chen, Zhen Liang Gao, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Hourglass Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a “Direct Current” Power Source." Advanced Energy Materials 7, no. 19 (June 9, 2017): 1700644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700644.

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10

Tsukamoto, Osami, Yoshiaki Nagai, and Kazuhiro Imaie. "Direct-connected multiple current-source converters for SMES system." Electrical Engineering in Japan 133, no. 1 (2000): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6416(200010)133:1<87::aid-eej9>3.0.co;2-9.

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11

Belchenko, Yu, and V. Savkin. "Direct current H− source for the medicine accelerator (invited)." Review of Scientific Instruments 75, no. 5 (May 2004): 1704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1699457.

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12

Shi, Xiaoqian, Meiqiang Zhu, Zhaokang Zhan, Kan Zang, Huajun Dong, and Fangzhun Guo. "Development of Helium Direct Current Discharge Ultraviolet Light Source." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 772, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/772/1/012035.

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13

Atta, A., A. M. Abdel Reheem, and H. El-Khabeary. "Design, characterization and applications of direct current plasma source." Emerging Materials Research 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00008.

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In this paper, the construction, and operation of a locally design cold plasma reactor are described. The anode diameter effect is studied in three inner diameters 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. This effect on the discharge and plasma characteristics is studied using oxygen and argon gases. It was found that the optimum diameter is 10 mm. Moreover, the plasma density and temperature are investigated using a cylindrical Langmuir probe at the optimum diameter. It is found that the electron temperature reaches 1.6 eV and the electron density reaches 2.3x108 cm−3 in the case of oxygen gas. On the other hand the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis are used for chractrized the manganese cobalt doped ferrite (Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4) nanoparticles sample before and after oxygen plasma irradiation. The obtained results showed that cold plasma reactor is constructed with high efficiency to meet the required applications such as surface modification, plasma deposition and etching.

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14

Kusztrits, Isabella, Lynn Marquardt, Kenneth Hugdahl, and Marco Hirnstein. "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e0257010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257010.

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Source monitoring refers to the ability to identify the origin of a memory, for example, whether you remember saying something or thinking about it, and confusions of these sources have been associated with the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Both AVHs and source confusions are reported to originate from dysfunctional brain activations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG); specifically, it is assumed that a hypoactive PFC and a hyperactive STG gives rise to AVHs and source confusions. We set out to test this assumption by trying to mimic this hypertemporal/hypofrontal model in healthy individuals with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): the inhibitory cathode was placed over the left PFC and the excitatory anode over the left dorsolateral STG. Participants completed a reality monitoring task (distinguishing between external and internal memory sources) and an internal source monitoring task (distinguishing between two or more internal memory sources) in two separate experiments (offline vs. online tDCS). In the offline experiment (n = 34), both source monitoring tasks were completed after tDCS stimulation, and in the online experiment (n = 27) source monitoring tasks were completed while simultaneously being stimulated with tDCS. We found that internal source monitoring abilities were significantly enhanced during active online tDCS, while reality monitoring abilities were unaffected by stimulation in both experiments. We speculate, based on combining the present findings with previous studies, that there might be different brain areas involved in reality and internal source monitoring. While internal source monitoring seems to involve speech production areas, specifically Broca’s area, as suggested in the present study, reality monitoring seems to rely more on the STG and DLPFC, as shown in other studies of the field.

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15

Hara, L. Y., and Michael L. Parsons. "Rotating arc direct current plasma as an emission excitation source." Analytical Chemistry 57, no. 4 (April 1985): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00281a015.

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16

El-Kahel, M., G. Olivier, C. Guimaraes, and G. E. April. "Design and simulation of a high-voltage direct-current source." Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 19, no. 4 (October 1994): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cjece.1994.6591121.

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17

Singh, Akanksha, Joseph Benzaquen, and Behrooz Mirafzal. "Current Source Generator–Converter Topology for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, no. 2 (March 2018): 1663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2781646.

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18

Simonin, A., G. Delogu, C. Desgranges, and M. Fumelli. "The drift source: A negative ion source module for direct current multiampere ion beams." Review of Scientific Instruments 70, no. 12 (December 1999): 4542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150109.

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19

Drexlin, G., V. Hannen, S. Mertens, and C. Weinheimer. "Current Direct Neutrino Mass Experiments." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/293986.

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In this contribution, we review the status and perspectives of direct neutrino mass experiments, which investigate the kinematics ofβ-decays of specific isotopes (3H,187Re,163Ho) to derive model-independent information on the averaged electron (anti)neutrino mass. After discussing the kinematics ofβ-decay and the determination of the neutrino mass, we give a brief overview of past neutrino mass measurements (SN1987a-ToF studies, Mainz and Troitsk experiments for3H, cryobolometers for187Re). We then describe the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment currently under construction at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, which will use the MAC-E-Filter principle to push the sensitivity down to a value of 200 meV (90% C.L.). To do so, many technological challenges have to be solved related to source intensity and stability, as well as precision energy analysis and low background rate close to the kinematic endpoint of tritiumβ-decay at 18.6 keV. We then review new approaches such as the MARE, ECHO, and Project8 experiments, which offer the promise to perform an independent measurement of the neutrino mass in the sub-eV region. Altogether, the novel methods developed in direct neutrino mass experiments will provide vital information on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos.

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20

Weiss, Chester J., David F. Aldridge, Hunter A. Knox, Kimberly A. Schramm, and Lewis C. Bartel. "The direct-current response of electrically conducting fractures excited by a grounded current source." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 3 (May 2016): E201—E210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0262.1.

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Hydraulic fracture stimulation of low permeability reservoir rocks is an established and cross–cutting technology for enhancing hydrocarbon production in sedimentary formations and increasing heat exchange in crystalline geothermal systems. Whereas the primary measure of success is the ability to keep the newly generated fractures sufficiently open, long–term reservoir management requires a knowledge of the spatial extent, morphology, and distribution of the fractures — knowledge primarily informed by microseismic and ground deformation monitoring. To minimize the uncertainty associated with interpreting such data, we investigate through numerical simulation the usefulness of direct-current (DC) resistivity data for characterizing subsurface fractures with elevated electrical conductivity by considering a geophysical experiment consisting of a grounded current source deployed in a steel cased borehole. In doing so, the casing efficiently energizes the fractures with steady current. Finite element simulations of this experiment for a horizontal well intersecting a small set of vertical fractures indicate that the fractures manifest electrically in (at least) two ways: (1) a local perturbation in electric potential proximal to the fracture set, with limited farfield expression and (2) an overall reduction in the electric potential along the borehole casing due to enhanced current flow through the fractures into the surrounding formation. The change in casing potential results in a measurable effect that can be observed far from fractures themselves. Under these conditions, our results suggest that farfield, timelapse measurements of DC potentials can be interpreted by simple, linear inversion for a Coulomb charge distribution along the borehole path, including a local charge perturbation due to the fractures. This approach offers an inexpensive method for detecting and monitoring the time-evolution of electrically conducting fractures while ultimately providing an estimate of their effective conductivity — the latter providing an important measure independent of seismic methods on fracture shape, size, and hydraulic connectivity.

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21

HUA, Yue, Jian SONG, Zeyu HAO, and Chunsheng REN. "Plasma characteristics of direct current enhanced cylindrical inductively coupled plasma source." Plasma Science and Technology 20, no. 6 (May 2, 2018): 065402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/aaac79.

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22

Kazerani, M. "A direct AC/AC converter based on current-source converter modules." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 18, no. 5 (September 2003): 1168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2003.816184.

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23

Dai, Hua, Yao Shen, Liuhe Li, Xiaoling Li, Xun Cai, and Paul K. Chu. "A flexible curvilinear electromagnetic filter for direct current cathodic arc source." Review of Scientific Instruments 78, no. 9 (September 2007): 095103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2785846.

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24

Toader, E. I., V. Covlea, W. G. Graham, and P. G. Steen. "High-density and low electron temperature direct current reflex plasma source." Review of Scientific Instruments 75, no. 2 (February 2004): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1637459.

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25

Ayad, Ayman, Petros Karamanakos, and Ralph Kennel. "Direct Model Predictive Current Control Strategy of Quasi-Z-Source Inverters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32, no. 7 (July 2017): 5786–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2016.2610459.

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26

Fu, Qing Qing, and Ai Ping Wu. "The Design of Digital Direct Current Source Based on Nios II." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.316.

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In this paper, a digital direct current source based on Nios II is studied. The system adopts FPGA as hard core and the main circuit of constant current source consisting of operational amplifier LM358 and power Field Effect Transistor (FET) IRF530. In addition, 12 bit D/A chip MAX531 and 12 bit A/D chip TLC549 are used to monitor the output current. The system outputs current from 20mA to 2000mA with 0.5mA step level, the set current value and actual output current value can be displayed by LCD. Result shows that the system has characteristics of high precision, good stability, small size and high integration.

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27

Xu, Ai Hua, Chen Guang Xue, and Jian Jun Xu. "The Brittleness Source Identification of Electric Grid System." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.353.

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Brittleness source identification is the work of finding every brittle source. At first, build model of electric power system, based on direct current tide, all branch currents can be solved quickly. Break off every branch in turn. Use distributing factor method to obtain the other branch currents by breaking a branch current. If the other branch current exceeds the 20% rating current, then it breaks. This will lead to the refresh distribution, until all branch breaks, namely the brittleness being motivated, or until the other branch currents all satisfy the restriction condition. Thus all branches which lead brittleness to be motivated is the brittle source of electric power system. Through analyzing a three generatrixs system, obtain that (2),(3) and (4) is the brittle source.

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28

Zheng, Xiaodong, Nengling Tai, James Thorp, and Zhongyu Wu. "Harmonic current protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission system." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 1509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0377.

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29

Kim, Wooho, Yong-Jung Kim, and Hyosung Kim. "Arc Voltage and Current Characteristics in Low-Voltage Direct Current." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102511.

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Recently, Low-Voltage DC (direct current) distribution systems have received high lights according to the expansion of DC generations and DC loads such as photovoltaics (PV) generations, electric vehicles (EVs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), computers, DC homes, etc. Low-Voltage DC distribution systems have optimistic perspectives since DC has various good aspects compared to alternating current (AC). However, ensuring safety of human and electric facility in Low-Voltage DC is not easy because of arc generation and difficulty of arc-extinguishing. This paper constructs a low-voltage DC circuit and studies the arc interruption that occurs when separating electrodes from where load currents flow. Also, arc extinguishers are experimented upon and analysed in various levels of source voltage and load currents conditions. Voltage and current characteristics for arc interruption are identified based on experimental results, and we establish the electric generation for arc interruption. Further, the voltage–current characteristics and the correlation of arc during arc duration time arc are verified, and the voltage–current equation and DC arc resistance model for the breaking arc are developed.

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30

Heagy, Lindsey J., and Douglas W. Oldenburg. "Direct current resistivity with steel-cased wells." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz281.

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SUMMARY The work in this paper is motivated by the increasing use of electrical and electromagnetic methods in geoscience problems where steel-cased wells are present. Applications of interest include monitoring carbon capture and storage and hydraulic fracturing operations. Also of interest is detecting flaws or breaks in degrading steel-casings—such wells pose serious environmental hazards. The general principles of electrical methods with steel-cased wells are understood and several authors have demonstrated that the presence of steel-cased wells can be beneficial for detecting signal due to targets at depth. However, the success of a direct current (DC) resistivity survey lies in the details. Secondary signals might only be a few per cent of the primary signal. In designing a survey, the geometry of the source and receivers, and whether the source is at the top of the casing, inside of it, or beneath the casing will impact measured responses. Also the physical properties and geometry of the background geology, target and casing will have a large impact on the measured data. Because of the small values of the diagnostic signals, it is important to understand the detailed physics of the problem and also to be able to carry out accurate simulations. This latter task is computationally challenging because of the extreme geometry of the wells, which extend kilometers in depth but have millimeter variations in the radial direction, and the extreme variation in the electrical conductivity which is typically 5–7 orders of magnitude larger than that of the background geology. In this paper, we adopt a cylindrical discretization for numerical simulations to investigate three important aspects of DC resistivity in settings with steel-cased wells. (1) We examine the feasibility of using a surface-based DC resistivity survey for diagnosing impairments along a well in a casing integrity experiment. This parameter study demonstrates the impact of the background conductivity, the conductivity of the casing, the depth of the flaw, and the proportion of the casing circumference that is compromised on amplitude of the secondary electric fields measured at the surface. (2) Next, we consider elements of survey design for exciting a conductive or resistive target at depth. We show that conductive targets generate stronger secondary responses than resistive targets, and that having an electrical connection between the target and well can significantly increase the measured secondary responses. (3) Finally, we examine common strategies for approximating the fine-scale structure of a steel cased well with a coarse-scale representation to reduce computational load. We show that for DC resistivity experiments, the product of the conductivity and the cross-sectional area of the casing is the important quantity for controlling the distribution of currents and charges along its length. To promote insight into the physics, we present results by plotting the currents, charges, and electric fields in each of the scenarios examined. All of the examples shown in this paper are built on open-source software and are available as Jupyter notebooks.

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31

Ezhilvannan, Parimalasundar, and Suresh Krishnan. "An Efficient Asymmetric Direct Current (DC) Source Configured Switched Capacitor Multi-level Inverter." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530611.

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This paper is dealing about Switched Capacitor Multi-Level Inverter (SCMLI) circuit which is controlled by triangular multicarrier Sinewave Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. The proposed SCMLI is powered from asymmetric DC source configuration to obtain multi-level output voltage by applying switching pulse to the main circuit from control circuit for switching operation. Fourteen switches and four capacitors are employing to do the proposed inversion operation in an effective way. Switching capacitors can perform boost operation to enhance voltage from the source level to the required level. Input DC from the asymmetric sources is converted to AC voltage for the application of consumers. This proposed conversion system is applicable for mainly in industrial and renewable energy-based energy conversion system because it can carry high output voltages. This proposed method gives about more efficiency. Also reduces switching losses in lower value, low conduction losses and capacitor ripple losses. The simulation model is analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and the same validated in hardware results. The developed SCMLI structure is witness over other topologies for the power inversion process in the multi-level.

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32

Kozak, Maciej. "Selected issues of control voltage source inverter with self-excited synchronous generator as DC grid voltage source." ITM Web of Conferences 19 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181901005.

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Synchronous self-excited generators are the most popular AC voltage sources installed in power plants of seagoing vessels. Because of fuel savings varying revolutions Diesel drives can be found on selected types of ships (platform support vessels, cable layers, tug boats etc.). Very interesting issue is use of such type of alternator working with inverter acting as rectifier in direct current grid system. In direct current type of electrical grid the problems with synchronization and reactive power balance are absent. As the control method most suitable to use is modified version of field oriented control (FOC) known from induction machines. Aforementioned method involves decoupling of currents and control voltages to flux and torque components and keeping them in the most optimal condition. Theoretical background of inverter and synchronous generator adopted FOC control method along with numerical situations and experimental results obtained in laboratory test bench of such a system were included in following article.

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33

Goliber, Philip A., Martha S. Hendrick, and R. G. Michel. "Direct current plasma as a radiation source for flame atomic fluorescence spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 57, no. 13 (November 1985): 2520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00290a020.

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34

Petrov, G. M., Ts Petrova, A. Ogoyski, and A. B. Blagoev. "Cd–Ne direct current glow discharge: An efficient source of ultraviolet radiation." Applied Physics Letters 77, no. 1 (July 3, 2000): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126870.

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35

Levy, C. D. P., L. Buchmann, K. Jayamanna, M. McDonald, R. Ruegg, P. W. Schmor, and A. N. Zelenskii. "A direct current polarized H− ion source based on optically pumped rubidium." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 4 (April 1992): 2625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142859.

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36

Young, P., and P. Darwin. "The conductivity of ERCP guide wires during direct contact with current source." Endoscopy 40, S 02 (February 26, 2008): E36—E37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966830.

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37

Belchenko, Yu, A. Sanin, I. Gusev, A. Khilchenko, A. Kvashnin, V. Rashchenko, V. Savkin, and P. Zubarev. "Direct current H[sup −] source for boron neutron capture therapy tandem accelerator." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 2 (2008): 02A521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2816787.

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38

Kuo, T., D. Yuan, K. Jayamanna, M. McDonald, R. Baartman, P. Schmor, and G. Dutto. "On the development of a 15 mA direct current H− multicusp source." Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 3 (March 1996): 1314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146704.

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39

Dekka, Apparao, Ahoora Bahrami, and Mehdi Narimani. "Direct Predictive Current Control of a New Five-Level Voltage Source Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, no. 3 (May 2021): 2941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2021.3065320.

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40

Khazaei, Subedi, Nickerson, Martínez-Villaluenga, Frias, and Vandenberg. "Seed Protein of Lentils: Current Status, Progress, and Food Applications." Foods 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090391.

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Grain legumes are widely recognized as staple sources of dietary protein worldwide. Lentil seeds are an excellent source of plant-based proteins and represent a viable alternative to animal and soybean proteins for food processing formulations. Lentil proteins provide not only dietary amino acids but are also a source of bioactive peptides that provide health benefits. This review focuses on the current knowledge of seed protein, extraction and isolation methods, bioactive peptides, and food applications of lentil protein. Lentil is the most rapidly expanding crop for direct human consumption, and has potential for greater impact as a protein source for food processing applications. Improvements in lentil protein quality, amino acid composition, and processing fractions will enhance the nutritional quality of this rapidly expanding crop globally.

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41

Effendi and Makandibengkel. "Studi Analisis Perbandingan Pwm Carrier Untuk Multilevel Inverter Tiga Fasa Lima Belas Level Dengan Sumber Input Simetris Terpisah." Jurnal JEETech 3, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48056/jeetech.v3i1.185.

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Inverters are used to convert direct current or DC (Direct Current) sources into alternating current sources or AC (Alternating Current). A method is needed to make the output waveform close to a sinusoidal waveform. The Multi Level Inverter (MLI) method has a large number of levels and is closer to a sinusoidal wave. The three-phase MLI design with a separate symmetrical input source in this study is able to produce a three-phase output wave, where the resulting Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) value is smaller, namely 5.65% when using the Modified PWM method where the carrier signal has no frequency

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42

Wang, Yangzhou, Jingcun Yu, Xihui Feng, Li Ma, Qianhui Gao, Benyu Su, and Xiuju Xing. "A Case Study of Direct Current Resistivity Method for Disaster Water Source Detection in Coal Mining." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.29090.

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Disaster water sources in underground coal seam always danger mining safety. The current electromagnetic methods are not effective to detect the disaster water sources in the underground due to noise interference generated by large metal equipment. To address this problem, the direct current resistivity method is proposed to detect the disaster water sources in the underground coal seams. The relationship between the resistivity distribution and water faults was investigated, and we found that a low resistivity distribution indicates a disaster water source. To verify the proposed method, both numerical simulations and field test have been carried out and the analysis results show that the low resistivity distribution can be used to correctly detect the disaster water sources. Most importantly, the proposed method has detected three threats of mine water disaster in the field test in a real coal seam in Lan County coal mine, China. As a result, the present work provides an important and solid support to coal mining safety.

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43

Nagai, Yoshiaki, Kazuhiko Tsuyuki, Hiroyuki Nishikawa, Takeo Shimamura, Akira Kawaguchi, and Kazuhiko Shimada. "Development of Multiple Space Vector Control for Direct Connected parallel Current Source Converter." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 118, no. 5 (1998): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.118.630.

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44

Dong, Can, Weiguo Wang, and Haiyang Li. "Atmospheric Pressure Air Direct Current Glow Discharge Ionization Source for Ion Mobility Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 80, no. 10 (May 2008): 3925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac800197g.

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45

Zhao, Jianguo, Jianzhong Zhu, and David M. Lubman. "Liquid sample injection using an atmospheric pressure direct current glow discharge ionization source." Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 13 (July 1992): 1426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00037a022.

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46

Shields, James P., Gae Ho Lee, and Edward H. Piepmeier. "A Six-Electrode, Direct-Current, Variable-Length Plasma Source for Atomic Emission Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 4 (May 1988): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884429454.

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Abstract:

A variable-length plasma source has been developed for analytical atomic emission spectroscopy. The length of the plasma, adjustable during plasma operation, provides a means of adjusting the sample residence time in the plasma. The plasma operates from three compact, simple, and inexpensive direct-current power supplies. Three concentric quartz tubes supply argon and sample aerosol to the plasma. The modular design allows the quartz tubing to be easily replaced and a variety of electrode distances to be established. The argon consumption, typically 7.4 L/min, is comparable to, or less than, that for commercial DCP and ICP systems. Many of the vertical spatial characteristics of the plasma described here are similar to those documented for the ICP. Changes in the nebulizer gas flow rate produced spatial shifts in the maximum of the vertical, spatial analyte emission profiles of Mg. Increases in the signal-to-background ratios at common analytical wavelengths were observed with increasing plasma length. The movement of the region of maximum emission to positions below the top of the outer quartz tube, which occurs as a result of increasing the plasma length, is thought to be the main reason for the worse detection limits. The addition of 10% nitrogen to the outer argon gas flow caused a 35% enhancement in the Ca ion and a 28% decrease in the Ca atom signal-to-background ratios.

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Sun, Yimeng, and Yingpei Liu. "An improved control method for Voltage Source Converter-High Voltage Direct Current system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 371 (December 13, 2019): 052041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/371/5/052041.

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48

Zhihong Bai, Xinbo Ruan, and Zhongchao Zhang. "A Generic Six-Step Direct PWM (SS-DPWM) Scheme for Current Source Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25, no. 3 (March 2010): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2009.2035122.

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49

Adam, Grain Philip, Ibrahim Abdelsalam, John Edward Fletcher, Lie Xu, Graeme M. Burt, Derrick Holliday, and Stephen Jon Finney. "Improved Two-Level Voltage Source Converter for High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 5, no. 4 (December 2017): 1670–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2017.2723839.

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Dargahi, Vahid, Arash Khoshkbar Sadigh, Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavani, and Abbas Shoulaie. "DC (direct current) voltage source reduction in stacked multicell converter based energy systems." Energy 46, no. 1 (October 2012): 649–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.07.005.

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