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1
NTT, Fashiritīzu Kabushiki Kaisha. Jiritsu, bunsangata enerugī shakai no jitsugen ni muketa chokuryū hōshiki ni yoru chiikikan sōgo enerugī yūzū shisutemu no kaihatsu seika hōkokusho. [Tōkyō-to Minato-ku]: NTT Fashiritīzu, 2013.
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2
Kaisha, NTT Fashiritīzu Kabushiki. Jiritsu, bunsangata enerugī shakai no jitsugen ni muketa chokuryū hōshiki ni yoru chiikikan sōgo enerugī yūzū shisutemu no kaihatsu: Seika hōkokusho. [Tōkyō-to Minato-ku]: NTT Fashiritīzu, 2014.
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3
Nash, Howard. Foreign direct investment in the United States: An annotated guide to current data sources. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1987.
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Nash, Howard. Foreign direct investment in the United States: An annotated guide to current data sources. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1987.
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5
Weerdt, Hilde, and Franz-Julius Morche, eds. Political Communication in Chinese and European History, 800-1600. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720038.
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Based on a collaboration between historians of Chinese and European politics, Political Communication in Chinese and European History, 800-1600 offers a first comprehensive overview of current research on political communication in middle-period European and Chinese history. The chapters present new work on the sources and processes of political communication in European and Chinese history partly through juxtaposing and combining formerly separate historiographies and partly through direct comparison. Contrary to earlier comparative work on empires and state formation, which aimed to explain similarities and differences with encompassing models and new theories of divergence, the goal is to further conversations between historians by engaging regional historiographies from the bottom up.
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van Kooten, G. Cornelis, and Linda Voss, eds. International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0000.
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Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.
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S, Daniels Taumi, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. A linearly controlled direct-current power source for high-current inductive loads in a magnetic suspension wind tunnel. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.
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8
Shields, James Phillip. Design, construction, and characterization of a six-electrode, direct current, variable length plasma source for atomic emmission spectroscopy. 1987.
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9
Eissa, M. M. Medium Voltage Direct Current Grid: Resilient Operation, Control and Protection. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2019.
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Fisher, Maryanne L., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Women and Competition. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.001.0001.
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The topic of women’s competition has gained significant recent momentum. This book provides direct evidence of this growth and is the first scholarly volume to focus specifically on the topic. In general, the included chapters provide a definitive view of the current state of knowledge regarding women’s competition. Many of the chapters are theoretically grounded in an evolutionary framework, such that the authors investigate the adaptive nature of women’s competitive behavior, motivations, and cognitions. Other chapters rely on a different framework, with these authors instead arguing that sociocultural sources shape women's competition. In addition, while the book is primarily about women, some contributors focus their chapters on issues faced by adolescent girls, or mention developmental trajectories for young girls through to adulthood. Some authors focus on nonhuman females to provide a stronger background for understanding women. It is hoped that the information within this volume will serve as a source of inspiration to help guide future directions for research.
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Rümmeli, M. H. Fundamental properties of direct current and microwave glow discharge sources of relevance to analytical applications. 1996.
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12
Saugera, Valérie. Remade in France. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625542.001.0001.
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Remade in France: Anglicisms in the Lexicon and Morphology of French chronicles the current status of French Anglicisms, a hot topic in the history of the French language and a compelling example of the influence of global English. The abundant data come from primary sources—a large online newspaper corpus (for unofficial Anglicisms) and the dictionary (for official Anglicisms)—and secondary sources. This book examines the appearance and behavior of English items in the lexicon and morphology of French, and explains them in the context of French neology and lexical activity. The first phase of the latest contact period (1990–2015) has its own complex linguistic characterization, including a significant influx of nonce borrowings and very low-frequency Anglicisms, heterogeneous and creative borrowing outcomes, and direct phraseological borrowing. This book is a counterargument to the well-known criticism that Anglicisms are lexical polluters. On the contrary, the use of Anglicisms requires the inventive application of complex linguistic rules, and the borrowing of Anglicisms into the French lexicon is convincing proof that language change is systematic. The findings bring novel interdisciplinary insights to the domains of borrowing in a non-bilingual contact setting; global English as a source of lexical creativity in the French lexicon; the phases, patterns and processes of integration of English loanwords; the morphology of borrowing; and computational corpus linguistics. The appended database is a snapshot of a synchronic period of linguistic contact and a useful lexicographic resource.
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Amann, Edmund. Multinational Corporations from Brazil. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.34.
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Following an overview of relevant theoretical considerations centering on Mathews’s view of the potential sources of emerging market multinational corporation (MNC) advantage, this chapter presents a brief survey of statistical trends surrounding Brazilian outward foreign direct investment (FDI) over the past 15 years or so. The chapter characterizes the sectoral orientation of Brazilian MNCs, pointing out the significant natural-resource base (NRB) focus of many of the largest enterprises. It also considers the broad policy-related factors that have helped propel the recent surge in outward investment. The chapter concludes by considering the challenges currently facing Brazilian MNCs. Not the least of these is the current wave of corruption scandals surrounding key MNCs in the energy and construction sectors. It is argued that these partly underlie a process of consolidation and divestment that is taking place in many of Brazil’s largest MNCs.
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Barrett, Christopher B., and Erin C. Lentz. Food Insecurity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.438.
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Food plays an essential role in performance and well-being. Apart from its physiological necessity, food is also a source of pleasure. Since both biological needs for food and psychic satisfaction from food vary considerably among and within populations, coming up with precise, operationalizable measures of food security have proved problematic. Furthermore, the concept of food security encompasses not only current nutritional status but also vulnerability to future disruptions in one’s access to adequate and appropriate food. The complexity of the concept of food security has given rise to scores, if not hundreds, of different definitions of the term “food security.” As a result, there have also been variations in thinking about the proximate manifestations and direct and indirect causes and consequences of “food insecurity,” the complement to “food security.” Food security is commonly conceptualized as resting on three pillars that are inherently hierarchical: availability, access, and utilization. Some agencies, such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), have added a fourth dimension: stability. Food insecurity is often used interchangeably with the terms “hunger,” “undernutrition,” and “malnutrition.” Threats to food insecurity may be classified as either “covariate” or “idiosyncratic.” Based on these threats, various interventions have been implemented to promote food security by means of increasing availability (improving agricultural productivity), promoting access (economic growth and assistance programs such as food stamps or vouchers, food aid delivery, food banks, school lunch programs), or improving utilization (supplementary feeding programs, therapeutic feeding programs).
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Bradfield, Laura, Richard Morris, and Bernard W. Balleine. OCD as a Failure to Integrate Goal-Directed and Habitual Action Control. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0031.
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This chapter discusses the considerable research that has identified distinct functional circuits linking frontal cortex with the basal ganglia in the control of goal-directed and habitual actions. OCD is characterized by hyperactivity in a circuit involving some of these regions. Recent accounts of the interaction of goal-directed actions and habits suggest that these control processes interact hierarchically, so one alternative to current theories is that OCD reflects a dysfunction in this interactive process resulting in dysregulated action selection, whether that selection is driven by the outcome itself or by cues predicting the outcome. Importantly, it appears that both sources of action selection depend on the OFC—outcome based retrieval on the medial OFC and cue-related retrieval on the lateral OFC. From this perspective, therefore, hyperactivity of the OFC could produce both elevated outcome retrieval and increased responsiveness to outcomes-related cues, resulting in dysregulated action selection and compulsive action initiation as a consequence.
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Yaden, David B., and Andrew B. Newberg. The Interaction of Religion and Health. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0005.
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Religion and spirituality are an important part of many patients’ lives and influence healthcare and healthcare-related decisions. Measuring religious and spiritual beliefs is difficult and relies mostly on self report. As concepts, religion and spirituality overlap but also are distinct concepts. Religions often have specific rules or guidelines regarding sexual behavior, diet, drugs, and alcohol. These in turn may also affect psychological health and well-being. Religiousness has generally correlated with improved overall physical and mental health outcomes. Furthermore, religion and spirituality are sources of support and coping for many people. But religiousness can sometimes have negative influences such as in the case of cults or terrorism. Specific spiritual practices such as prayer, meditation, and yoga can have a direct effect on the brain and body. This chapter reviews the current understanding of how religious and spiritual beliefs and practices affect the brain and overall psychological health.
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Béland, Daniel, Christopher Howard, and Kimberly J. Morgan. The Fragmented American Welfare State. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.035.
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In the United States, the welfare state has long been a source of political and academic debate, and this volume pulls together much of our current knowledge about its origins, development, functions, and challenges. This introductory chapter provides an overview of the volume’s main themes and sections. For example, many of the following chapters emphasize the public-private mix in social policy, in which the government helps certain groups of citizens directly (e.g., through social insurance) or indirectly (e.g., through tax expenditures and regulations). Many chapters stress disjointed patterns of policy-making, which can lead simultaneously to problems of high cost and low impact on poverty and inequality. Even under a variety of stresses, however, much of the American welfare state remains quite resilient. The contributing authors are experts from political science, sociology, history, economics, and other social sciences.
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Cohn, Stephan, and P. Allan Klock. Operating Room Fires and Electrical Safety. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0018.
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Understanding electrical systems and fire safety protocols in the operating room is fundamental to patient and staff safety. Modern operating rooms are designed to reduce the risk of electrical hazards. Line isolation transformers were developed in the era of explosive anesthetics to reduce the risk of sparks and macro-shock. Isolated electrical supplies are still used in operating rooms because they allow surgery to continue while the line isolation alarm is activated and the source of the fault is investigated and deactivated. Ground fault circuit breaker interrupters may also be used in operating rooms, but if a fault is detected, they will deactivate the electrical circuit, which may be disruptive to surgical or anesthetic care. Micro-shock occurs when a small amount of current is delivered directly to the myocardium via an indwelling catheter or pacing wire. Operating room fires, though relatively rare, can cause devastating patient injury but are largely preventable.
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Peacock, Sharon J., and David A. B. Dance. Glanders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0029.
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Glanders is a serious zoonotic disease that primarily affects equids (horses, mules and donkeys). A disease eradication programme based on case detection and destruction of infected domestic animals has been highly successful and the number of reported glanders cases in animals worldwide is now very low. Human glanders is extremely rare and associated with occupations associated with extensive contact with equids. Glanders is caused by Burkholderia mallei, a Gram-negative, non-motile, facultative intracellular organism that is an obligate parasite of equids with no other known natural reservoir. B. mallei is transmitted by direct contact with infected animals, or indirectly via communal food and water sources that have become contaminated by an infected animal. The clinical presentation in equids can be acute or chronic and has been categorized into nasal, pulmonary and cutaneous forms. Diagnosis is based on culturing B. mallei from lesions or exudates and skin or serological testing. Infected animals are usually euthanized. Optimal antimicrobial therapy for human glanders is unknown, and current advice is to adopt antimicrobial treatment guidelines for human melioidosis. There is no vaccine available for either humans or other animals. B. mallei is considered a potential biological weapon and is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention category B select agent.
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Legendre, Laurent, and Douglas W. Darnowski. Biotechnology with carnivorous plants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0020.
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Several carnivorous plant families have been a source of medicine for centuries in many parts of the world. Research into their active ingredients have revealed that they include naphthoquinones, flavonoids, phenolic acid derivatives, goodyerosides, iridoids, and phenylpropanoids. Many aspects of their industrial production have been optimized, including plant elicitation, plant genetic modification, and plant in vitro culture to limit the collect of wild material. The currently most active biotechnological developments are related directly to their carnivorous nature. These include the heterologous production of therapeutic polypeptides by carnivorous plant secretory glands; and the creation of bio-inspired engineered products based on the snap-buckling mechanism of trap closure of the Venus’ fly trap, the internal nano-structures of the Drosera mucilage, and the physical properties of the slippery zone of the Nepenthes pitcher with applications in the textile, automobile, aeronautics, architecture, and medical industries.
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Lewis, Jayne Elizabeth. The Eighteenth-Century Psalm. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.150.
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Integral to both Anglican liturgy and nonconformist devotional practice in the eighteenth century, the “Englished” Psalm supplied a common currency between competing but increasingly compatible confessional groups. The Psalms also turn up everywhere in emergent, nonreligious literary genres. In both settings, the Psalms calibrated signature speech acts of imprecation, petition, and praise with lexical praxes that a commercialized print culture made not only possible and common but visible and adjustable by individual writers and readers. A novel experimental culture of the English Psalms held unprecedented potential to turn class, credal, and historical division into unity but also posed uniquely “modern” perils. While the Psalms could now be experienced directly as sources of freedom and pleasure available to a wide range of Christian readers and writers, they also potentially transferred the experience of pleasure from a many-personed God to printed English words.
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Khan, B. Zorina. Inventing Ideas. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936075.001.0001.
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Abstract: How do knowledge and ideas influence the competitiveness of firms and nations? Current debates about grand innovation prizes, patent trolls, technological disruption, human capital, and the role of an entrepreneurial state reflect and replicate earlier controversies that took place on both sides of the Atlantic. This book shows how and why the ideas of creative individuals promote progress. The insights are based on original archival research regarding over 100,000 inventors, patented inventions, and innovation prizes in Europe and the United States during industrialization. This systematic empirical analysis across time and place and institutions provides a comprehensive microfoundation for understanding technological change and long-run macroeconomic growth. British and French policies favored “administered innovation systems,” in which elites, administrators, or panels made key economic decisions about inducement prizes, rewards, and the allocation of resources. European institutions generated returns that were misaligned with economic value and productivity and perpetuated socioeconomic inequality. Europe fell behind when the negative consequences of such top-down administered systems accumulated and reduced comparative advantage. The modern knowledge economy emerged when, for the first time in world history, an intellectual property clause was included in a national Constitution, in the United States. This strong endorsement for open-access property rights and unfettered markets in ideas reflected a revolution in thinking about the sources of creativity and technical progress. U.S. global industrial ascendancy was a direct outcome of its decentralized market-oriented institutions, which fostered diversity in ideas and innovations, the diffusion of information and disruptive technologies, and sustained endogenous growth.
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Weiss, Harvey, ed. Megadrought and Collapse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.001.0001.
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This is the first book to treat the major examples of megadrought and societal collapse, from the late Pleistocene end of hunter–gatherer culture and origins of cultivation to the 15th century AD fall of the Khmer Empire capital at Angkor, and ranging from the Near East to South America. Previous enquiries have stressed the possible multiple and internal causes of collapse, such overpopulation, overexploitation of resources, warfare, and poor leadership and decision-making. In contrast, Megadrought and Collapse presents case studies of nine major episodes of societal collapse in which megadrought was the major and independent cause of societal collapse. In each case the most recent paleoclimatic evidence for megadroughts, multiple decades to multiple centuries in duration, is presented alongside the archaeological records for synchronous societal collapse. The megadrought data are derived from paleoclimate proxy sources (lake, marine, and glacial cores; speleothems, or cave stalagmites; and tree-rings) and are explained by researchers directly engaged in their analysis. Researchers directly responsible for them discuss the relevant current archaeological records. Two arguments are developed through these case studies. The first is that societal collapse in different time periods and regions and at levels of social complexity ranging from simple foragers to complex empires would not have occurred without megadrought. The second is that similar responses to megadrought extend across these historical episodes: societal collapse in the face of insurmountable climate change, abandonment of settlements and regions, and habitat tracking to sustainable agricultural landscapes. As we confront megadrought today, and in the likely future, Megadrought and Collapse brings together the latest contributions to our understanding of past societal responses to the crisis on an equally global and diverse scale.
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Syré, Ludger, ed. Ressourcen für die Forschung. Klostermann, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783465143628.
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Collections and "collecting" are keywords that have in recent years been reintroduced into the focus of library considerations – not least under the influence of the all-embracing present trend of "digitalization", but also because of the attention currently being paid to the cultural heritage, its preservation and presentation. Against this background, the retrospective consolidation of existing collections and the continuation of collecting traditions continue to be pursued by German regional libraries in particular. This book adheres to the goal of publicizing the special collections handed down in the regional libraries as a source for research projects. However, the volume's attention is directed towards those segments within the libraries’ inventories that one does not necessarily expect, that are sometimes considered curios, and sometimes even constitute a distinction of uniqueness. The collections presented in this volume embrace a great variety of subjects, ranging from collections of miscellanies pertaining to theater, dance and ballet, of New Year's wishes and leaflets issued by funfair operators, of death sentences, wall newspapers and numismatics to collections of socialist and anarchist literature of the 19th century, writings and memorabilia concerning the German South Sea and China missions of the early 20th century to the history of shorthand.
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Prado, Carlos. História do Trotskismo no Brasil (1928-1936). Brazil Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-752-5.
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The present work takes as its object of investigation the first Brazilian organizations linked to Trotskyism, in the period between 1928 and 1936. The Brazilian Trotskyist movement originated from certain historical conditions, from a rupture caused by national, particular factors, but which were directly related to divergences that shook the Russian Revolution and the international communist movement. The Lenine Communist Group (GCL), founded in May of 1930, was the first Brazilian organization to establish contact with the International Left Opposition. The group had a short life, but gave rise to another organization with the same Trotskyist ties. In January 1931, the Communist League (LC) emerged, which in 1933 adopted the name of the Communist Internationalist League (LCI) and operated until the end of 1936. As for methodological procedures, this research sought to dialogue with historiography, but to advance in the investigation a wide search was carried out in all available documentation. From the consultation and analysis of primary sources, we sought to reconstruct the discourse and political positioning of Trotskyist organizations. Despite the fact that the groups and parties that claimed Trotskyism were in general minority, made up of a few dozen militants and sympathizers, it is necessary, even today, due to their impact on militant culture, the depth and penetration of their criticism and theoretical formulation, investigate and discuss the performance of these organizations. In short, it is a question of recovering a debate that is still very current and necessary
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Isendahl, Christian, and Daryl Stump, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Historical Ecology and Applied Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672691.001.0001.
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This volume presents theoretical discussions, methodological outlines, and case-studies describing the discursive overlap of the theoretical and methodological framework of historical ecology, and the emerging sub-discipline of applied archaeology. Historical ecology is based on the recognition that humans are not only capable of modifying their environments, but that all environments on earth have already been directly or indirectly modified. This includes anthropogenic climate change, widespread deforestations, and species extinctions, but also very local alterations, the effects of which may last a few years, or may have legacies lasting centuries or more. The volume presents a range of case-studies that highlight how modern environments and landscapes have been shaped by humans, and includes outlines of the methods we can use to better understand these changes. Authors include anthropologists, archaeologists, human geographers, and historians, all of whom are focussed not just on defining human impacts in the past, but on the ways that understanding these changes can help inform contemporary practices and development policies. Some present examples of how ancient or current societies have modified their environments in sustainable ways, while others highlight practices that had unintended long-term consequences. The possibility of learning from these practices are discussed, as is the potential of using the long history of human resource exploitation as a method for building or testing models of future change. Rather than merely acting as advocates for historical data, the chapters collected here also warn of the limitations of drawing simple lessons from the history of interactions between humans and their environments, and note that doing so is potentially just as damaging as ignoring these rich sources of data.