Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct current motors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Direct current motors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 February 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Direct current motors"

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Huey, C. "NAVY DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 37, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 93–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1925.tb00247.x.

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Greenslade, Thomas B. "Small Direct Current Electric Motors." Physics Teacher 61, no. 4 (April 2023): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0048352.

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When I was about 10 years old, I was given an electric motor kit for Christmas. I had to wind a length of insulated copper wire on the rotor, put together the commutator, and install a small U magnet. I enjoyed the construction experience and with some parental assistance figured out how it worked. Ever since then, I have been curious about these simple artifacts of technology, and this article discusses some of them that I have met in my scientific travels. The small electric motor is a simple piece of technology that is based on mechanics, electricity, and magnetism and is a good mechanism for drawing students into physics.
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Ab Rahman, Nur Naajihah, Nafrizuan Mat Yahya, and Nurul Umiza Mohd Sabari. "Design of a fuzzy logic proportional integral derivative controller of direct current motor speed control." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v12i1.pp98-107.

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Direct current (DC) motor speed control is useful. Speed can be modified based on needs and operations. DC motors cannot control their speed. To control the DC motor’s speed, a dependable controller is needed. The DC motor speed will be controlled by a fuzzy logic proportional integral derivative controller (FLC-PID). The DC motor circuit’s electrical and mechanical components have been modeled mathematically. Ziegler-Nichols is used to tune the PID controller’s gain parameters. The FLC controller employs 3×3 membership function rules in conjunction with the MATLAB/Fuzzy Simulink toolbox. Real hardware was attached to the simulation to evaluate the DC motor speed control using the fuzzy logic PID controller. DC motors with FLC PID controllers, FLC controllers, and DC motors alone will be compared for the transient response. The DC motor with an FLC PID controller performed better in this study.
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Sinan Cabuk, Ali. "EXPERIMENTAL DATA ACQUISITION OF VIBRATION FORCE IN DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR FOR MINI SUMO ROBOT." Applied Researches in Technics, Technologies and Education 7, no. 1 (2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/artte.2019.01.006.

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Vibration is the oscillating or periodic movement of electric motors from its position to a certain point, which has effect on performance. The vibration of electrical motor is essential causes of machine failure. Therefore, reaction force of electric motors is the most important parameter for their working life. It is monitoring and minimize the vibration generated by the electric motor. One of the objectives of this study is to present that forced vibration analysis is compatible technique for diagnosing electromagnetic and mechanical problems in electric motors. In this study aims at vibration analysis on Direct Current (DC) motor, that is the most preferred motors for robotic application. DC motor used in this study has 15 W output power, 400 min-1 shaft speed and 12 V terminal voltage, which is widely implemented in robot competition. Vibration forced was measured with accelerometer sensor on the motor. Test vibration results of the motor were checked it whether limiting value or not. In this study, vibration effect of DC motor in mini sumo robot is presented with during competition and smooth road conditions.
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Gustino Djentoe, Yokanan, Budi Kristiawan, Koji Enoki, Agung Tri Wijayanta, and Budi Santoso. "Comparative investigation on potential application of hybrid nanofluids for Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor cooling system." E3S Web of Conferences 465 (2023): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346501010.

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In this study, the potential usage of hybrid nanofluids for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor cooling was compared. Due to their efficiency, durability, and small size, brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are a type of electric motor that are frequently employed in electric vehicles (EVs). In order to maintain appropriate operating temperatures and ensure long-term durability, cooling systems must be taken into account throughout the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors. Because excessive heat can shorten a motor's lifespan and affect its performance, effective cooling is crucial. Systems for cooling liquids need more parts and upkeep than those for cooling air. taken into account to get the maximum cooling effectiveness. The effectiveness and dependability of the liquid cooling system are greatly influenced by the system's correct design and implementation, including hose routing, sealing, and coolant choices. There are several approaches to improve a BLDC motor's hybrid nanofluid/nanofluid cooling system. In order to achieve the highest cooling efficiency, fluid flow velocity, nanoparticle concentration, and cooling system design should all be carefully taken into account.
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Yasuhiro, Komatsu, Syed Abdul Kadir Zawawi, and Yoshihiko Araki. "Maximum Output Operation by Equivalently Field Weakening and Optimal Parameters of BLDC Motor." Advanced Materials Research 566 (September 2012): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.566.170.

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Permanent-magnet brushless direct-current motors are easy to maintain, compared with direct-current motors. Therefore, they are attracting attention. In this paper, the authors discuss a non-salient pole brushless direct-current motors. Usually, the quadrature armature current which contributes to torque generation is supplied in this motor. But, in this case that the source voltage cannot be increased by supplying the direct armature current, that is, equivalently field weakening, a quadrature armature current can be increased. Consequently, the motor torque increases. In the case that the load characteristics are settled, the motor torque can have a maximum Tm by adjusting a direct armature current. At this time the rotational speed and output are maximum also. Tm changes with the change of the motor parameters. Consequently, the motor parameters which maximize Tm are optimal. In this paper, the authors have clarified an optimal parameter determination method considering by the load torque-speed characteristics and, armature resistance by the power factor, and efficiency where the motor has optimal parameters and generates the maximum output. Furthermore, the theory obtained has been confirmed experimentally by the authors.
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Kıvrak, Sinan, Tolga Özer, and Yüksel Oğuz. "Design and implementation of dspic33fj32mc204 microcontroller–based asynchronous motor voltage/frequency speed control circuit for the ventilation systems of vehicles." Measurement and Control 52, no. 7-8 (July 17, 2019): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019858097.

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Direct current motors are used for blower fans as well as for many other systems in vehicles. In this study, it was suggested to use an asynchronous motor instead of the direct current motor for the blower fan. Therefore, an induction motor driver was designed. The purpose of designing this driver was to allow the use of asynchronous motors instead of the brushed direct current motors utilized in automotive ventilation systems. Power and control circuits were designed. A three-phase variable frequency voltage was obtained using an inverter circuit designed with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor semiconductor elements from the direct voltage. The voltage/frequency control method was applied to the induction motor. The power circuit was designed using three npn-type and three pnp-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, in order to reduce the number of independent sources. The direct current motors generally used in automotive ventilation systems have 12 V operating voltage, so the driver was designed to be used in the 12–18 V range. In this study, the alternating current driver was used for a 90 W asynchronous motor and drive at 12 V and 18 V variable input voltage values. The dsPIC33fj32mc204 microcontroller was used to achieve variable frequency and speed control.
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Nurdamayanti, Nurdamayanti, Linda Sartika, and Abdul Muis Prasetia. "BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT (BLDC) MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL (FOC) METHOD." Jurnal Edukasi Elektro 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jee.v6i2.52234.

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ABSTRACTBrushless DC motors or commonly known as BLDC motors are starting to be widely used in the automotive and industrial fields compared to three-phase induction motors. This is because the advantages of BLDC motors are high efficiency, large torque, and easy maintenance. Some drive systems that use BLDC motors require a constant motor speed. However, when the drive system is given more load, the speed will decrease. Therefore, we need a motor speed regulation so that the speed becomes constant even though it is given an overload. There are many ways to adjust the speed of a BLDC motor, one of which is using the Field Oriented Control method because it can adjust the field current and armature current separately. From the simulation results, the speed of the BLDC motor using the FOC method in the loaded condition, showed a better response by producing a steady state of 1494 rpm, a rise time of 0.5192 s, a settling time of 0.6362 s while not being given a load, a steady state of 1504 rpm and, a rise time of 0.533 s and a settling time of 0.64 s.ABSTRAKMotor Brushless DC atau biasa dikenal dengan motor BLDC mulai banyak digunakan pada bidang otomotif dan industri dibandingkan dengan motor induksi tiga fasa. Hal ini disebabkan karena kelebihan dari motor BLDC adalah memiliki efisiensi tinggi, torsi yang besar, dan perawatan mudah. Beberapa sistem penggerak yang menggunakan motor BLDC membutuhkan kecepatan motor yang konstan. Akan tetapi sistem penggerak tersebut ketika diberi beban lebih maka kecepatan akan menurun. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu pengaturan kecepatan motor agar kecepatan menjadi konstan walaupun diberi beban lebih. Banyak cara untuk mengatur kecepatan motor BLDC salah satunya adalah menggunakan metode Field Oriented Control karena dapat mengatur antara arus medan dan arus jangkar secara terpisah. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan kecepatan motor BLDC menggunakan metode FOC pada kondisi berbeban, menunjukkan respon yang lebih baik dengan menghasilkan steady state yaitu 1494 rpm, rise time 0.5192 s, settling time 0.6362 s sedangkan tidak diberi beban didapatkan steady state sebesar 1504 rpm dan, rise time sebesar 0,533 s dan settling time sebesar 0,64 s.
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Shin, Myoung-Ho. "Speed Characteristics of Direct Current Shunt Motors." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 26, no. 3 (March 31, 2012): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2012.26.3.069.

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Jiang, J. P., S. Chen, and P. K. Sinha. "Optimal feedback control of direct-current motors." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 37, no. 4 (1990): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.103412.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct current motors"

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Britten, Mark David. "Torque Controlled Drive for Permanent Magnet Direct Current Brushless Motors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5252.

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This thesis describes the design and implementation of a simple variable speed drive (VSD) based on a brushless direct current (BLDC) machine and discrete logic circuits. A practical VSD was built, capable of operating a BLDC machine in two quadrants, motoring and regenerative braking. The intended applications are electric scooters and electric bicycles, where the recovered energy from braking extends the range of the vehicle. A conceptual four quadrant VSD, suitable for three and four wheelers requiring reverse operation, was designed and tested in simulation. Simplicity was emphasized in this design to help achieve a robust, easy to analyse system. The versatility of multi-function gate integrated circuits (ICs) made them ideal for implementing the commutation logic and keeping the system simple. The BLDC machine has sensors with a resolution of 60 ed to determine rotor position. An electronic commutator or phase switcher module interprets the position signals and produces a switching pattern. This effectively transforms the BLDC machine into a direct current (DC) brushed machine. A synchronous step down converter controls the BLDC machine current with a tolerance band scheme. This module treats the BLDC machine as if it was a DC machine. The leakage inductance of the electric machine is used as the inductive filter element. The unipolar switching scheme used ensures that current flows out of the battery only for motoring operation and into the battery only during regeneration. The current and torque are directly related in a DC brushed machine. The action of an electronic commutator or phase switcher creates that same relationship between torque and current in a BLDC machine. Torque control is achieved in the BLDC machine using a single channel current controller. The phase switcher current is monitored and used to control the duty ratio of the synchronous converter switches. Successful operation of the practical VSD was achieved in two quadrants: forwards motoring and forwards regenerating. The maximum tested power outputs were 236W in motoring mode and 158W in regenerating mode. The output torque could be smoothly controlled from a positive to a negative value. iv v Simulation of the conceptual four quadrant design was successful in all the motoring, generating and active braking zones. The required manipulation of logic signals to achieve this type of operation was done automatically while the machine was running. The resulting output torque is smoothly controlled in all of the operating zones. Commutation at certain speeds and torques are handled better by some topologies than others. Some current sensing strategies adversely affect instantaneous phase currents under certain conditions. The final design chose the method where phase currents experience no overshoot, minimizing component stress. The battery, or energy storage system, used in verifying the operation of the VSD in the practical electric bicycle was found to be the most limiting component. In regenerating mode, the low charge acceptance rate of the battery reduced the maximum retarding torque and energy recovery rate.
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Miller, Joel Christopher. "Modulating dynamic stiffness of a direct-drive brushless linear DC motor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16103.

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Hamann, Franz, and Gustavo Mesones. "Development of a hybrid system for automatic identification of brushed direct current motors." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656635.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
This work proposes a low-cost hybrid hardware and software system that, through a set of methods and nested while loop fitting algorithms, allows to automatically identify the electrical and mechanical parameters of a brushed direct current motor. The aim is to facilitate a tool that contributes to the development of motion control projects in which this type of actuator is used, automating and speeding up the identification process of the motor system aiming to reach 98% accuracy, in order to guarantee a good electrical and mechanical parameter estimates for the brushed direct current motor. To achieve the objective, a platform was developed consisting of a main interface programmed in Matlab and a data acquisition hardware based on a single-phase incremental optical encoder, an H-bridge, an optocoupler circuit, and a C language-programmed DSPIC30F2010. Both parts of the platform are interconnected through the authors' own serial communication protocol.
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Ghosh, Ramit. "Sensorless starting of a brushless D.C. motor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43403.

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Permanent magnet brushless DC motors that have found wide application in high performance servo drives need absolute rotor position sensors. However, the cost of the position sensor limits the use of brush less DC motors for low performance applications such as automotive and home appliances. A sensorless starting scheme for brushless DC motors is studied in this thesis. A hardware implementation of the starting scheme has been instrumented. The modeling and simulation of the sensorless starting performance of brushless DC motors have been accomplished to gain the insight into the process. The experimental results confirm the theoretical prediction that the permanent magnet brush less DC motor can be started without a position sensor. The experimental setup with individual subsystems are described in detail.


Master of Science

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Gan, Jinyun, and 干金云. "Design, analysis and control of multiphase flux regulated permanent magnet brushless DC motor drives." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245304.

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Wang, Zheng, and 王政. "Chaoization and stabilization of electric motor drives and their industrial applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687594.

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Wang, Zheng. "Chaoization and stabilization of electric motor drives and their industrial applications." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687594.

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Ai, Yong-le. "Novel direct field and torque control of six-phase induction machine with special phase current waveform." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/489.

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Borojević, Dušan. "Nonlinear algorithms for fast and robust control of electrical drives." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74723.

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Several new nonlinear algorithms for speed control of electrical drives are developed. They are compared with the algorithms for integral-proportional (I-P) control, sliding mode control (SLM) and adaptive control which uses the torque and parameter observer. To achieve fast and robust response, all algorithms use very large gains. In a new, variable limit PI (VLPI) control algorithm, integrator windup is completely prevented by using a high gain, "variable dead zone" nonlinearity as a local feedback over the integrator. Recently proposed soft variable structure (SVS) control, derived by using the Liapunov direct method, is modified so that the algorithm can be implemented with only the output measurements. Proper operation is achieved for any value of the output variable. The new control is very robust, but exhibits a steady state error. Two versions of the adaptive PI (API) control algorithm are developed that have fast and robust transient response with zero steady state error. The SVS API version operates similarly as the modified SVS control, but does not have its drawbacks. The SLM API version operates like the SLM control during large transients, and like VLPI control when close to the steady state. The local stability of the control is proved using the "small gain theorem". Its global behavior is analyzed by describing functions. Very good operation of the SVS API speed control within the proportional position loop is demonstrated. Faster transient response is achieved by implementing the SLM adaptive proportional control in the position loop. The operation is the same as the operation of the SLM API control in the speed loop. Similarity between modified SVS control, and classical adaptive algorithms is shown. API control, All the algorithms are simulated and compared for twofold and tenfold changes in plant parameters. The experimental verification of the results for I-P control, SLM control, and modified SVS control, are presented. Theory of the new algorithms is general, such that the results are applicable to any SISO plant that can be stabilized.
Ph. D.
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Jenkins, James Scott. "Operation of a brushless DC drive for application in hybrid electric vehicles." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Thesis_JJenkins_09007dcc8032dbaa.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed October 25, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).
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Books on the topic "Direct current motors"

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Dederer, Daniel H. Motors reference guide. 3rd ed. [Toronto: Ontario Hydro, 1997.

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Kenjō, Takashi. Permanent-magnet and brushless DC motors. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

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P, Tolkunov V., ed. Kommutat͡s︡ionnai͡a︡ sposobnostʹ dvigateleĭ postoi͡a︡nnogo toka. Sankt-Peterburg: "Nauka", 1993.

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Kenjo, Takashi. Permanent-magnet and brushless DC motors. Oxford: Clarendon, 1985.

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Joseph, Appelbaum, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Starting characteristics of direct current motors powered by solar cells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Stolov, L. I. Momentnye dvigateli postoi͡a︡nnogo toka. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 1989.

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Ivanovich, Lutidze Shota, ed. Beskontaktnye ėlektricheskie dvigateli postoi͡a︡nnogo toka. Tbilisi: Izd-vo "Sabchota Sakartvelo", 1986.

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Skobelev, V. E. Dvigateli pulʹsirui͡u︡shchego toka. 2nd ed. Leningrad: Ėnergoatomizdat, Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1985.

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Technology, Magnetic, ed. Direct drive engineering handbook. [Canoga Park, Calif.]: Magnetic Technology, 1985.

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Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., ed. Interurban electric traction systems, A.C. versus D.C. [Montréal?: s.n., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Direct current motors"

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Morris, Noel M. "Direct Current Motors." In Mastering Electrical Engineering, 177–90. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18015-8_9.

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Morris, Noel M. "Direct Current Motors." In Mastering Electrical Engineering, 177–90. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12230-1_9.

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Dubin, Jeffrey A. "The World Demand for Fractional Horsepower Direct-Current Motors." In Studies in Consumer Demand — Econometric Methods Applied to Market Data, 27–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5665-7_2.

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Aravanis, Theofanis I., Tryfon-Chrysovalantis I. Aravanis, and Polydoros N. Papadopoulos. "Fault Diagnosis in Direct Current Electric Motors via an Artificial Neural Network." In Engineering Applications of Neural Networks, 488–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20257-6_42.

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Culbert, Ian. "Causes of Breaks in Squirrel Cage Windings During Direct-On-Line Starts and Steady-State Operation." In Current Signature Analysis for Condition Monitoring of Cage Induction Motors, 55–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119175476.ch3.

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Cernăianu, Adrian, Corina Cernăianu, and Eugenia Stăncuț. "Study of the Stop Phenomena at the End Sliding Plate Movement with Reciprocating Rectilinear Motion Driven by Direct Current Motors." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICOME 2022), 398–406. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-152-4_44.

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Sundareswaran, K. "Direct Current Motor Modeling and Control Aspects." In Elementary Concepts of Power Electronic Drives, 127–44. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429423284-4.

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Mohanty, Prakriti, Debani Prasad Mishra, Anshuman Behera, and Swati Swarupa Das. "Demonstration and Simulation of Brushless Direct Current Motor." In Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8700-9_1.

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Zhu, Liao, Ruizhuo Song, Yulong Xie, and Junsong Li. "Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Direct Current Servo Motor." In Neural Information Processing, 731–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70087-8_75.

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Hernández-Guzmán, Victor Manuel, and Ramón Silva-Ortigoza. "Velocity Control of a Permanent Magnet Brushed Direct Current Motor." In Automatic Control with Experiments, 605–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75804-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Direct current motors"

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Pires de Souza, Leonardo, and Rodrigo Zelir Azzolin. "Dead Zone Compensation in Direct Current Motors: A Review." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1223.

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As one of the types of electric motors, DC motors are presented, a class of motors that is commonly used in torque and speed control systems. The control of these motors in real applications is affected by system nonlinearities, such as the dead zone, which limits the motor to fulfill its task with precision since it disables the motor movement for certain applied inputs. Thus, control methods need to be implemented to compensate it. Three modern control methods generate good compensation results: artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic and sliding mode control. Thus, this study aims to perform a review of the available literature on the use of these methods in the compensation of the dead zone in direct current motors.
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Vlad, Ion, Sorin Enache, and Monica Enache. "Optimization of low-power brushless direct current motors." In 2015 9th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atee.2015.7133760.

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Liu, Hailong, Jin Chen, and Haibo He. "Research on Electromagnetic Vibration Behavior of Direct Current Motors." In 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications (ICEF). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icef.2012.6310427.

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Vlad, Ion, Aurel Campeanu, Sorin Enache, and Monica Adela Enache. "Aspects regarding electromagnetic torque of brushless direct current motors." In 2016 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icate.2016.7754708.

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Faiz, Jawad, and Ahmad Jafari. "Interturn fault diagnosis in brushless direct current motors — A review." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2018.8352217.

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Enache, S., A. Campeanu, I. Vlad, and Monica-Adela Enache. "Numerical Modelling and Torque Analysis in Brushless Direct Current Motors." In 2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2018.8506881.

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Enache, Monica Adela, Aurel Campeanu, Ion Vlad, and Sorin Enache. "Study of dynamic regimes for low power direct current motors." In 2012 13th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/optim.2012.6231828.

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North, Terry, Keith Frazier, Dale L. Sanders, and James P. Muccioli. "Electromagnetic Compatibility of Direct Current Motors in an Automobile Environment." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0637.

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Vlad, Ion, Aurel Campeanu, Sorin Enache, and Monica Adela Enache. "Torque analysis in brushless direct current motors and constructive recommendations." In 2017 10th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atee.2017.7905047.

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Khafagy, Hafiz S., Wesley Cardone, and Asaad Makki. "Practical Modeling and Simulation of Permanent Magnet Direct Current (PMDC) Motors." In SAE 2003 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0089.

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Reports on the topic "Direct current motors"

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Tang, Xian, Yamei Feng, Yuan Xing, Jun Xing, and Shujuan Tian. Treatment of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on upper extremity motor impairment of Patients after stroke:A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0061.

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Tedla, Jaya Shanker, Devika Rani Sangadala, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Paul Silvian Samuel, Snehil Dixit, Ajay Prashad Gautham, Kanagaraj Rengaramanujam, Kumar Gular, Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi, and Faisal Asiri. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on upper limb motor function in subjects with stroke: An overview review of the systematic reviews. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.1.0061.

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Li, Ruo-wei, Yuan Xia, Yong-jie Li, Yue Lu, and Sheng Hu. Efficacy evaluation of different stimulation types with transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in patients after stroke: A network Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0021.

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Bell, Jack, Rik Law, Howell Li, Ben Anderson, and Darcy M. Bullock. New Opportunities for Automated Pedestrian Performance Measures. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317351.

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Pedestrian safety is an important concern when evaluating intersections. Previous literature has shown that exclusive pedestrian phases improve safety, but at the expense of imposing greater pedestrian and motorist delay. However, outside of crash data, there are no easily implementable performance measures for pedestrians at traffic signals. This study proposes two performance metrics: (1) a time-to-jaywalk measure, and (2) the Conflict Occupancy Ratio (COR) for evaluating concurrent pedestrian signal phasing with turning vehicles. The COR quantifies conflicts between turning vehicles and pedestrians in the crosswalk. The COR is based upon a commercially deployed video detection system that correctly identified the presence of pedestrians to within two per cycle in this study. This performance is likely sufficient for the current application, but as the technology matures it will provide a scalable screening tool to identify intersections that have opportunities for capacity adjustments or warrant further direct field investigation.
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Graft, Auralice, Nicole Haberland, and Rachel E. Goldberg. Married adolescents: A review of programmes. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1006.

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Historically, major adolescent and reproductive health initiatives have failed to explicitly consider the needs of married adolescents. This paper provides insight into what is being done—or not being done—to support married adolescent girls and boys, how these populations’ needs are being conceptualized, and the extent to which social context is factored into program design. Some early work with adolescent mothers (married and unmarried) is considered. The degree to which selected adolescent programs have been able to reach married girls with their activities is briefly examined. A few basic parameters of potential interventions for married adolescents are presented, including an inventory of current projects, to examine how, when, and at whom efforts typically are directed. Finally, three in-depth examples of recent, ongoing programs for married adolescent girls are presented.
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Abdolmaleki, Kourosh. PR-453-134504-R05 On Bottom Stability Upgrade - MS III. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012195.

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The extension of the PRCI on bottom stability (OBS) software's applicability to shallow water is assessed. Version 3 of the software has a limitation on water depth; only depths greater than 6 m (20 ft) are accepted. This limitation is likely related to the increasing inaccuracy of linear wave theory as the wave height to water depth ratio increases, as well as caution about breaking wave limits. The usage of linear wave theory inside the software can be categorized into two different types: � Linear regular waves - these are used in the Level 1 module to determine the motions of the water particles as part of the calculation of the hydrodynamic forces; � Linear irregular waves - these are present in the Level 2, Level 3 and ASM modules, where the surface wave energy spectra are converted to the near-seabed wave velocities through the use of a transfer function based on linear wave theory. It is noted that for irregular waves, all wave spectral formulations currently implemented in the OBS software, do not account for water depth. This document addresses the finite water depth and shallow water restrictions and presents a discussion and investigation in two categories: 1. The direct use of the linear theory to describe waves in the Level 1 calculation module; and 2. The direct use of linear spectral transfer functions in the Level 2, Level 3, and ASM modules. The scope of this activity is to prepare a solution for consideration by PRCI and implement the agreed course of action. The solution proposed will be based on the continued use of the linear wave theory. It is noted that higher order wave theories would be more appropriate for shallow water conditions, but due to the currently established methodology in the software, implementation of higher order wave theory is not included within this scope.
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Moran, Nava, Richard Crain, and Wolf-Dieter Reiter. Regulation by Light of Plant Potassium Uptake through K Channels: Biochemical, Physiological and Biophysical Study. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571356.bard.

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The swelling of plant motor cells is regulated by various signals with almost unknown mediators. One of the obligatory steps in the signaling cascade is the activation of K+-influx channels -K+ channels activated by hyperpolarization (KH channels). We thus explored the regulation of these channels in our model system, motor cell protoplasts from Samanea saman, using patch-clamp in the "whole cell" configuration. (a) The most novel finding was that the activity of KH channels in situ varied with the time of the day, in positive correlation with cell swelling: in Extensor cells KH channels were active in the earlier part of the day, while in Flexor cells only during the later part of the day; (b) High internal pH promoted the activity of these channels in Extensor cells, opposite to the behavior of the equivalent channels in guard cells, but in conformity with the predicted behavior of the putative KH channel, cloned from S. saman recently; (c) HIgh external K+ concentration increased (KH channel currents in Flexor cells. BL depolarized the Flexor cells, as detected in cell-attached patch-clamp recording, using KD channels (the K+-efflux channels) as "voltage-sensing devices". Subsequent Red-Light (RL) pulse followed by Darkness, hyperpolarized the cell. We attribute these changes to the inhibition of the H+-pump by BL and its reactivation by RL, as they were abolished by an H+-pump inhibitor. BL increased also the activity KD channels, in a voltage-independent manner - in all probability by an independent signaling pathway. Blue-Light (BL), which stimulates shrinking of Flexor cells, evoked the IP3 signaling cascade (detected directly by IP3 binding assay), known to mobilize cytosolic Ca2+. Nevertheless, cytosolic Ca2+ . did not activate the KD channel in excised, inside-out patches. In this study we established a close functional similarity of the KD channels between Flexor and Extensior cells. Thus the differences in their responses must stem from different links to signaling in both cell types.
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McElwain, Terry F., Eugene Pipano, Guy H. Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephn A. Hines, and Wendy C. Brown. Protection of Cattle against Babesiosis: Immunization against Babesia bovis with an Optimized RAP-1/Apical Complex Construct. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573063.bard.

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Previous research and current efforts at control of babesiosis fall short of meeting the needs of countries where the disease is endemic, such as Israel, as well as the needs of exporting countries and countries bordering on endemic areas, such as the U.S. Our long-term goal is to develop improved methods of immunization against bovine babesiosis based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune protection and parasite targets of a protective immune response. In our previous BARD project, we established the basis for focusing on rhoptry antigens as components of a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis, and for additional research to better characterize rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1) as a target of protective immunity. In this continuation BARD project, our objectives were to [1] optimize the immune response against RAP-1, and [2] identify additional rhoptry candidate vaccine antigens. The entire locus encoding B. bovis RAP-1 was sequenced, and the rap-1 open reading frame compared among several strains. Unlike B. bigemina, in which multiple gene copies with variant domains encode RAP-1, the B. bovis RAP-1 locus contains only two identical genes which are conserved among strains. Through testing of multiple truncated constructs of rRAP-1, one or more immunodominant T cell epitopes were mapped to the amino terminal half of RAP-1. At least one linear and one conformational B cell epitope have been demonstrated in the same amino terminal construct, which in B. bigemina RAP-1 also contains an epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody. The amine terminal half of the molecule represents the most highly conserved part of the gene family and contains motifs conserved broadly among the apicomplexa. In contrast, the carboxy terminal half of B. bovis RAP-1 is less well conserved and contains multiple repeats encoding a linear B cell epitope potentially capable of inducing an ineffective, T cell independent, type 2 immune response. Therefore, we are testing an amino terminal fragment of RAP-1 (RAP-1N) in an immunization trial in cattle. Cattle have beer immunized with RAP-1N or control antigen, and IL-12 with Ribi adjuvant. Evaluation of the immune response is ongoing, and challenge with virulent B. bovis will occur in the near future. While no new rhoptry antigens were identified, our studies did identify and characterize a new spherical body antigen (SBP3), and several heat shock proteins (HSP's). The SBP3 and HSP21 antigens stimulate T cells from immune cattle and are considered new vaccine candidates worthy of further testing. Overall, we conclude that a single RAP-1 vaccine construct representing the conserved amino terminal region of the molecule should be sufficient for immunization against all strains of B. bovis. While results of the ongoing immunization trial will direct our next research steps, results at this time are consistent with our long term goal of designing a subunit vaccine which contains only the epitopes relevant to induction of protective immunity. Parallel studies are defining the mechanisms of protective immunity. Apicomplexan protozoa, including babesiosis and malaria, cause persistent diseases for which control is inadequate. The apical organelles are defining features of these complex protozoa, and have been conserved through the evolutionary process, Past and current BARD projects on babesiosis have established the validity and potential of exploiting these conserved organelles in developing improved control methods applicable to all apicomplexan diseases.
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Palmer, Guy, Varda Shkap, Wendy Brown, and Thea Molad. Control of bovine anaplasmosis: cytokine enhancement of vaccine efficacy. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695879.bard.

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Anaplasmosis an arthropod-born disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. In this collaborative project we focused on two approaches to vaccine development. The first focused o n improving antigen delivery to livestock and specifically examined how DNA vaccines could be improved to enhance priming and expansion of the immune response. This research resulted in development and testing of two novel vaccine delivery systems--one that targeted antigen spread among dendritic cells (the key cell in priming immune responses and a follow-on construct that also specifically targeted antigen to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment the processing organelle within the dendritic cell that directs vaccine antigen to the MHC class ll-CD4* T cell priming pathway). The optimized construct targeting vaccine antigen to the dendritic cell MHC class II pathway was tested for ability to prime A. marginale specific immune responses in outbred cattle. The results demonstrated both statistically significant effects of priming with a single immunization, continued expansion of the primary immune response including development of high affinity lgG antibodies and rapid recall of the memory response following antigen challenge. This portion of the study represented a significant advance in vaccine delivery for livestock. Importantly the impact of these studies is not limited to A. marginale a s the targeting motifs are optimized for cattle and can be adapted to other cattle vaccinations by inserting a relevant pathogen-specific antigen. The second approach (which represented an addition to the project for which approval was requested as part of the first annual report) was a comparative approach between A . marginale and the Israel A . centrale vaccines train. This addition was requested as studies on Major Surface Protein( MSP)- 2 have shown that this antigen is highly antigenically variable and presented solely as a "static vaccine" antigen does not give cross-strain immunity. In contrast A. . centrale is an effective vaccine which Kimron Veterinary institute has used in the field in Israel for over 50 years. Taking advantage of this expertise, a broad comparison of wild type A. marginale and vaccine strain was initiated. These studies revealed three primary findings: i) use of the vaccine is associated with superinfection, but absence of clinical disease upon superinfection with A. marginale; ii) the A. centrale vaccine strain is not only less virulent but transmission in competent in Dermacentor spp. ticks; and iii) some but not all MSPs are conserved in basic orthologous structure but there are significant polymorphisms among the strains. These studies clearly indicated that there are statistically significant differences in biology (virulence and transmission) and provide a clear path for mapping of biology with the genomes. Based on these findings, we initiated complete genome sequencing of the Israel vaccine strain (although not currently funded by BARD) and plant to proceed with a comparative genomics approach using already sequenced wild-type A. marginale. These findings and ongoing collaborative research tie together filed vaccine experience with new genomic data, providing a new approach to vaccine development against a complex pathogen.
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CIE 245:2021 Optical Safety of Infrared Eye Trackers Applied for Extended Durations. International Commission on Illumination (CIE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.245.2021.

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Infrared eye trackers are employed to achieve communication through gaze interaction, which is an important application of modern electro-optics and computer technology to the benefit of persons with disabilities who have major motor impairments, as well as for general use as a human-to-computer interaction device. By tracking eye movements of persons with severe motor disabilities, the individuals can interact with automated equipment through movements of their gaze. In addition to purely passive systems, which may only employ ambient lighting, more typical eye trackers employ active infrared eye-tracking techniques. However, questions have arisen with regard to the potential optical radiation hazards of using infrared eye trackers for the much-extended durations of 10 to 12 hours each day for a lifetime. Conventional eye trackers employed in the research setting would rarely be used for more than an hour. Several exposure guidelines exist today, but the question has arisen whether the chronic nature of exposure for such an infrared illuminator for assistive devices falls outside the assumed conditions of daily exposure. This technical report explores the basis of the current human exposure guidelines, their scientific basis and underlying assumptions in order to determine the direct applicability of these guidelines to this application. It is found that the most limiting exposure criterion is the infrared exposure limit to protect against delayed changes in the crystalline lens of the eye. The Technical Committee also examined some representative eye trackers and found that the day-long average exposure in these typical examples of current technology did not exceed that criterion.
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