Academic literature on the topic 'Direct Action (Group)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Direct Action (Group)"
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MEYEROVITCH, TOM. "Direct topological factorization for topological flows." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 37, no. 3 (November 27, 2015): 837–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2015.67.
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This paper considers the general question of when a topological action of a countable group can be factored into a direct product of non-trivial actions. In the early 1980s, D. Lind considered such questions for $\mathbb{Z}$-shifts of finite type. In particular, we study direct factorizations of subshifts of finite type over $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ and other groups, and $\mathbb{Z}$-subshifts which are not of finite type. The main results concern direct factors of the multidimensional full $n$-shift, the multidimensional $3$-colored chessboard and the Dyck shift over a prime alphabet. A direct factorization of an expansive $\mathbb{G}$-action must be finite, but an example is provided of a non-expansive $\mathbb{Z}$-action for which there is no finite direct-prime factorization. The question about existence of direct-prime factorization of expansive actions remains open, even for $\mathbb{G}=\mathbb{Z}$.
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Liang, Shuang. "Group action and its application on classification of low order groups." Theoretical and Natural Science 9, no. 1 (November 13, 2023): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/9/20240733.
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The classification of finite groups is an important topic in mathematics throughout history of mathematics. The topic of this paper is to use group action as a tool, to classify some special finite groups and some low order groups. First this paper introduces some concepts of group action. Then this paper states and proves some important theorems related to group action. For example, the Sylows theorem, which is very important in this paper. Research has found that, groups of specific order, such as groups whose order are 2p,p^2, pq(p, q are distinct prime numbers), p3(p is prime) can be classified using group action and the technique of semi-direct product, and groups whose order are no more than 15 are classified which can be seen as the special situations of the above ones. But in general, to make classification of a larger range of finite groups, more tools should be introduced.
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Broodryk, Theo. "The appealability of decisions to certify class actions: Where are we now? A proposed approach after Stellenbosch University Law Clinic v Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd (WCC)." South African Law Journal 140, no. 2 (2023): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/salj/v140/i2a2.
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Decisions refusing to certify class proceedings are appealable. The position regarding the appealability of decisions certifying class actions is, however, less clear. Regrettably, in Stellenbosch University Law Clinic v Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd [2021] JOL 51475 (WCC), the court did not give a final ruling on whether a decision to certify a class action is appealable. Gamble J merely assumed, without deciding, that his decision in Stellenbosch University Law Clinic v Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd 2022 (2) SA 237 (WCC) to certify the class action was appealable. This article aims to clarify the preferred approach when deciding whether to permit an appeal against a decision to certify a class action.
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Amini, Massoud, Kang Li, Damian Sawicki, and Ali Shakibazadeh. "Dynamic asymptotic dimension for actions of virtually cyclic groups." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 64, no. 2 (May 2021): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091521000183.
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We show that the dynamic asymptotic dimension of an action of an infinite virtually cyclic group on a compact Hausdorff space is always one if the action has the marker property. This in particular covers a well-known result of Guentner, Willett, and Yu for minimal free actions of infinite cyclic groups. As a direct consequence, we substantially extend a famous result by Toms and Winter on the nuclear dimension of $C^{*}$-algebras arising from minimal free $\mathbb {Z}$-actions. Moreover, we also prove the marker property for all free actions of countable groups on finite-dimensional compact Hausdorff spaces, generalizing a result of Szabó in the metrisable setting.
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Zillekens, Imme Christina, Lena Maria Schliephake, Marie-Luise Brandi, and Leonhard Schilbach. "A look at actions: direct gaze modulates functional connectivity of the right TPJ with an action control network." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, no. 9 (September 2019): 977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz071.
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ABSTRACT Social signals such as eye contact and motor actions are essential elements of social interactions. However, our knowledge about the interplay of gaze signals and the control of actions remains limited. In a group of 30 healthy participants, we investigated the effect of gaze (direct gaze vs averted) on behavioral and neural measures of action control as assessed by a spatial congruency task (spatially congruent vs incongruent button presses in response to gaze shifts). Behavioral results demonstrate that inter-individual differences in condition-specific incongruency costs were associated with autistic traits. While there was no interaction effect of gaze and action control on brain activation, in a context of incongruent responses to direct gaze shifts, a psychophysiological interaction analysis showed increased functional coupling between the right temporoparietal junction, a key region in gaze processing, and the inferior frontal gyri, which have been related to both social cognition and motor inhibition. Conversely, incongruency costs to averted gaze were reflected in increased connectivity with action control areas implicated in top-down attentional processes. Our findings indicate that direct gaze perception inter-individually modulates motor actions and enforces the functional integration of gaze-related social cognition and action control processes, thereby connecting functional elements of social interactions.
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(Stanciu) Florescu, Mihaela Felicia, and Adrian Turek Rahoveanu. "Local Action Group - a pillar of the development of the Romanian village." SHS Web of Conferences 95 (2021): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219501013.
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The Local Action Groups have the capacity to act in a complex way, so as to cover the entire economic and social issues of the regions where they act. The actions carried out by the LAGs have direct consequences on rural development by encouraging those projects that develop alternative solutions in obtaining revenues; diversification of the market for products and services; ensuring sustainable development, by protecting the environment and ensuring the security and well-being of life. This article makes an analysis of the impact of European funding in supporting the development of the rural environment of the area of influence of a Local Action Group in Olt County. It describes the situation of European funding at LAG level and the proposal of development directions that need to be considered in the future: increasing competitiveness in agricultural activities, sustainable use of resources and balanced development of economic activities and local communities in rural areas.
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Brookes, Matthew D. G. K. "Congruences on the partial automorphism monoid of a free group action." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 31, no. 06 (June 3, 2021): 1147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196721400075.
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We study congruences on the partial automorphism monoid of a finite rank free group action. We determine a decomposition of a congruence on this monoid into a Rees congruence, a congruence on a Brandt semigroup and an idempotent separating congruence. The constituent parts are further described in terms of subgroups of direct and semidirect products of groups. We utilize this description to demonstrate how the number of congruences on the partial automorphism monoid depends on the group and the rank of the action.
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Burov, Dmitry A. "Subgroups of direct products of groups invariant under the action of permutations on factors." Discrete Mathematics and Applications 30, no. 4 (August 26, 2020): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dma-2020-0021.
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AbstractWe study subgroups of the direct product of two groups invariant under the action of permutations on factors. An invariance criterion for the subdirect product of two groups under the action of permutations on factors is put forward. Under certain additional constraints on permutations, we describe the subgroups of the direct product of a finite number of groups that are invariant under the action of permutations on factors. We describe the subgroups of the additive group of vector space over a finite field of characteristic 2 which are invariant under the coordinatewise action of inversion permutation of nonzero elements of the field.
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Lo, Chung Kwan. "Examining the Flipped Classroom through Action Research." Mathematics Teacher 110, no. 8 (April 2017): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.110.8.0624.
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There is a growing interest in using a flipped classroom format in day-to-day teaching. According to Bishop and Verleger (2013), direct computer-based individual instruction outside the classroom and interactive group learning activities inside the classroom are the two essential components of the flipped classroom model. By watching instructional videos, students can work through some materials before class. Therefore, the in-class time is no longer occupied by teachers' direct instruction. Teachers can provide more interactive learning activities to facilitate peer interactions.
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Nonkané, Ibrahim, and Latevi Lawson. "Invariant differential operators and the generalized symmetric group." Gulf Journal of Mathematics 13, no. 2 (September 16, 2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56947/gjom.v13i2.738.
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In this paper we study the decomposition of the direct image of π+(OX) the polynomial ring OX as a D-module, under the map π: spec OX →spec OXG(r,n), where OXG(r,n) is the ring of invariant polynomial under the action of the wreath product G(r, p):= Z/rZ ~Sn. We first describe the generators of the simple components of π+(OX) and give their multiplicities. Using an equivalence of categories and the higher Specht polynomials, we describe a D-module decomposition of the polynomial ring localized at the discriminant of π. Furthermore, we study the action invariants, differential operators, on the higher Specht polynomials
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct Action (Group)"
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Simm, Jonathan. "Direct action self-help groups in UK flood risk management." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29541/.
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This thesis critically evaluates the reasons and extent to which Direct Action Self-Help (DASH) groups are, or can be, viable and an efficacious, efficient and effective means of managing and monitoring Flood and Coastal erosion Risk Management (FCRM) assets. FCRM DASH groups are found to be motivated by challenges of increasing flood risk and reduced public funding, alongside a sense of stewardship and community solidarity, catalysed by a few motivated individuals. The thesis develops a conceptual framework of the different dimensions, contextual aspects and motivations for DASH activity. Case studies show that channel maintenance work by DASH groups can be effective and efficient at reducing some aspects of local fluvial flood risk for lower order flood events. By contrast, maintenance of existing sea walls by DASH groups is less efficient because of the need for significant expenditure on materials and is only efficacious if the engineering is quality controlled; its longer term effectiveness is limited by sea level rise. Professional FCRM coordination and support of DASH activity is examined using a case study of an Environment Agency (EA) area coordinator and comparisons with alternative approaches. Support of DASH groups by FCRM professionals is essential to avoid unwise activity and to provide practical support, seed-corn funding and advice on the nature and extent to which DASH activity might be appropriate. The most effective form of DASH facilitation requires a quality and quantity of involvement that cannot readily be supplied by dispersed arrangements from a number of individuals. The thesis also proposes an approach for assessing and scoring the human dimensions of engineering assets. The dimensions of Sense of Security, Accessibility/Availability and Delight/Inspiration reflect insights from key thinkers from a wide range of disciplines. The framework is verified for the FCRM context and its practicality evaluated by trials in which DASH and other community groups assess human dimensions.
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Falleiros, Carolina Teodoro. "Alcance subjetivo das decisões judiciais sobre interesses metaindividuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-11112015-104820/.
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A tutela dos interesses metaindividuais em juízo e a busca de mecanismos que assegurem que o processo seja instrumento para o acesso substancial à justiça inserem-se no contexto das ondas renovatórias do processo civil. Embora o movimento em questão situe-se cronologicamente na década de 1960, o ordenamento jurídico pátrio ainda não fez fluir simultaneamente as três ondas. Os denominados interesses metaindividuais abrangem tanto os interesses essencialmente coletivos, nos quais se incluem os difusos e coletivos, quanto os interesses doutrinariamente denominados de acidentalmente coletivos, correspondentes, nos termos do microssistema processual coletivo, ao conceito de interesse individual homogêneo. No Brasil, a tutela jurisdicional de interesses metaindividuais pode se dar através do processo coletivo e, também, por meio do processo civil tradicional, caso apresentem viés estritamente individual. A dificuldade de enquadramento de determinados interesses dentro dos conceitos legais dados pelo microssistema processual coletivo é recorrente no cotidiano jurisprudencial. O processo civil vigente não apresenta mecanismo normativo apto a evitar a concomitância entre ações individuais e coletivas sobre uma mesma questão jurídica, razão pela qual o sistema convive com demandas de massa repetitivamente levadas ao Poder Judiciário. O processo coletivo, no entanto, não é a única alternativa processual existente para o manejo racional de processos repetitivos: as denominadas ações de grupo prestam-se à resolução isonômica de tais demandas sem que, para tanto, sejam necessárias ficções representativas e grandes debates acerca da legitimidade. O presente trabalho presta-se à análise de tais possibilidades, tendo por norte a otimização do alcance subjetivo da decisão judicial que trate de interesse metaindividual. Encontra-se em trâmite na Câmara dos Deputados o projeto do Novo Código de Processo Civil, que traz, dentre as inovações destinadas ao tratamento de demandas de massa, o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas, a centralização de processos repetitivos e a conversão da ação individual em coletiva, mecanismos estes que integrarão o objeto do presente estudo.The judicial protection of group rights and the search for mechanisms that ensure that civil procedure is actually an instrument for substantial access to justice fall into the context of the waves of reform. Although such motion is chronologically situated in the 1960s, Brazilian Law has not yet fulfilled the task of simultaneously flowing the three waves. The so called group rights refer, in Brazilian Law, both essencially and occasionally group rights. The latter refers, in Brazilian Civil Procedure, to the concept of homogeneous individual rights. In Brazil, the judicial protection of group rights can be led through class actions or individual suits, as long as the right involved has a strictly individual aspect. The difficulty of framing some rights into the legal concepts is iterant in Brazilian Courts daily routine. The current Civil Procedure does not have tools able to avoid the concomitance between individual suits and class actions that refer to the same legal issue. For that reason, the judiciary deals with repetitive suits. Class actions, however, are not the only procedural alternative to rationally dealing with repetitive suits: group actions also aim to adequately resolving suits, but without involving issues as adequacy of representation or further concerns related to standing to sue. This research is dedicated to the analysis of such possibilities, having in mind the optimization of the subjective range of judicial decisions that refer to group rights. The Project of the new Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, currently at the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies, brings, among the innovations that intend to deal with repetitive suits, the incident of resolution of repetitive suits, the centralization of repetitive suits and the possibility of convertion of individual suits into class actions. All of these innovations will also be analised.
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Hmoda, Farag. "La protection des créanciers au sein des groupes de sociétés." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828144.
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L'étude juridique du groupe de sociétés fait apparaître une difficulté majeure qui émane de la grande différence entre le droit et le fait. En effet, bien qu'elles soient liées par un intérêt commun, les sociétés membres d'un groupe ne font toujours pas l'objet d'une réglementation détaillée qui prendrait en considération leur entité et leur unité économique et sociale distinctes. Il découle de cet antagonisme un risque de non correspondance des intérêts particuliers des sociétés membres avec la prévalence juridique de l'intérêt du groupe, lequel pourrait induire des effets préjudiciables aux différentes catégories des créanciers de ces sociétés.Toutefois, cette absence d'une loi particulière aux groupes a donné lieu à une réglementation ponctuelle qui vient modifier des règles du droit des sociétés ou qui régit certains domaines particuliers. De même, en raison d'une telle insuffisance de normes écrites, une importante partie du droit positif des groupes semble d'origine jurisprudentielle. Soutenus par la Cour de cassation, les juges du fond ne cessent de circonscrire les différents aspects de ce phénomène en vue de combler des lacunes juridiques qui heurtent l'équité. Plusieurs théories ont été instaurées en la matière, construisant ensemble une base importante pour la protection des créanciers, des salariés et des associés minoritaires liés à l'ensemble des sociétés regroupées.
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PILLAI, Vinoshene. "Intravital two photon clcium imaging of glioblastoma mouse models." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/109211.
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Jiazhang, Xu, and 許家彰. "Small Group Learning Style Used in Self-directed Learning Elementary Vision Care Action Research." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67466772815716607154.
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碩士國立臺東大學
教育學系(所)
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Purpose of this study to the Ministry of Education Empirical generation health promoting school spirit, action research, and promote small-group learning style self-directed learning curriculum implementation of the vision care teaching students to develop a vision to guide the self-management behaviors and improve their vision care the knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and ultimately achieve the goal of improving the problem of vision problems, but also as a school vision care for health promotion issues of implementation of the future reference, specific objectives are as follows: First, understand the current status of school vision care. Second, self-directed learning vision care curriculum design. Third, student in the implementation of self-directed learning vision care programs changes. Fourth, researchers in teaching reflection grow. The results showed that: First, Student performance in vision care curriculum strong interest in learning Second, through self-directed learning students can diagnose themselves in difficulties on the implementation of vision care. Third, group cooperative learning can enhance learning outcomes. Fourth, self-directed learning programs can enhance students' vision care eye care knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Fifth, self-directed learning can enhance students' ability to self-manage and maintain vision.
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Pabion, Laurie. "Le processus de construction de l'identité collective du mouvement queer montréalais : perspectives militantes francophones." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14007.
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Ce mémoire vise à analyser le processus de construction de l'identité collective du mouvement
queer à Montréal dans un contexte francophone. Bien que plusieurs travaux portent en partie sur les
groupes militants queers québécois, aucune recherche ne s'est employée à comprendre comment les
militant.es queers à Montréal se constituent comme un collectif qui développe une identité. Pour
analyser le processus de construction de l'identité collective du mouvement queer montréalais, je
m'appuie sur la théorie de Melucci (1985; 1996), qui définit l'identité collective d'un mouvement selon
plusieurs axes : les champs d'action, les moyens employés et les fins visées, ainsi que le mode
d'organisation.
Afin de répondre à cette question de recherche, j'ai effectué une recherche documentaire ainsi
que sept entrevues avec des militant.es queers montréalais.es francophones. L'analyse des données a
été faite grâce à divers travaux qui portent sur les champs d'action, les valeurs, les fins et moyens, le
mode d'organisation de mouvements contemporains anti-autoritaires et anti-oppressifs, ainsi qu'en
fonction de trois dimensions élaborées par Melucci (1985) : le conflit, la solidarité et les limites du
système. Je conclus que l'identité collective comme processus s'articule autour de plusieurs enjeux :
premièrement, la diversité des champs d'action, les valeurs anti-oppressives, les relations d'affinités, le
mode de vie alternatif et le mode d'organisation anti-oppressif des militant.es queers permettent au
mouvement de créer une solidarité interne, d'affirmer une position anti-autoritaire qui brise les limites
du système dominant et de se différencier du mouvement LGBT mainstream. Par ailleurs, les actions
militantes concrètes qui réalisent le changement dans l'ici et maintenant participent à créer une
solidarité et une reconnaissance entre militant.es, ainsi qu'à mettre en lumière un conflit avec le
système dominant oppressif. Enfin, les perspectives francophones sur le mouvement queer ne semblent
pas donner au bilinguisme du mouvement un rôle fondamental dans la construction de son identité
collective. Cependant, l'intérêt marqué des militant.es francophones comparativement aux militant.es
anglophones pour la politique institutionnelle fait émerger de nouvelles interrogations sur l'impact que
pourrait avoir le mélange des cultures francophone et anglophone à Montréal sur la culture politique et
l'identité du mouvement.This dissertation aims at analyzing the process of construction of the collective identity of the Montreal queer movement in a french-speaking context. Although several works partly focus on queer militant groups from Quebec, no research tries to understand how queer militants in Montreal are formed as a collective which develops an identity. To analyze this process, I employ Melucci's theory (1985; 1996), which defines the collective identity of a movement according to three axes : the field of action, the means used and the ends aimed, as well as the forms of organization. In order to answer this research question, I carried out a documentary research and seven interviews with french-speaking queer militants from Montreal. The data analysis is based on various works concerning the fields of action, the values, the means and the ends, as well as the forms of organization of anti-authoritative and anti-oppresive contemporary movements, but also through three dimensions developed by Melucci (1985) : the conflict, the solidarity and the limits of the system. I argue that collective identity is articulated around several challenges : firstly, the diversity of the fields of action, the anti-oppressive values, the relation of affinity and the anti-oppressive form of organization of the queer militants allow the movement to create an internal solidarity, affirm an antiauthoritarian position which breaks the limits of the dominant system, and dissociate itself from the mainstream LGBT movement. In addition, concrete militant actions play a part in the social change here and now, contribute to creating solidarity and recognition between militants and reveals a conflict with the dominant oppressive system. Lastly, from the perspective of its french-speakers, the bilingual feature of the queer movement does not play a fundamental role in the construction of its collective identity. However, the shown interest of french-speaking militants for the institutional policy by comparison with english-speaking militants brings up new questions concerning how the mixture of the french-speaking and english-speaking cultures might have an impact on the political culture and the identity of the queer movement in Montreal.
Books on the topic "Direct Action (Group)"
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Godwin, R. Kenneth. One billion dollars of influence: The direct marketing of politics. Chatham, N.J: Chatham House Publishers, 1988.
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Rouillan, Jean-Marc. Infinitif présent. Paris: Editions de la Différence, 2010.
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Swords Into Plowshares: Nonviolent Direct Action for Disarmament. Harper Perennial, 1987.
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Direct Action: Memoirs of an Urban Guerrilla. Between the Lines, 2001.
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Direct Action: Memoirs of an urban guerrilla. Toronto: Between the Lines, 2001.
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Direct Action: Memoirs of an Urban Guerrilla. AK Press, 2002.
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Direct Action: Memoirs of an Urban Guerrilla. Between the Lines, 2022.
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(Editor), Arthur J. Laffin, and Anne Montgomery (Editor), eds. Swords Into Plowshares: Nonviolent Direct Action for Disarmament. Harper Perennial, 1987.
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Fleming, Jennie, Audrey Mullender, and Dave Ward. Empowerment in Action: Self-Directed Groupwork. Palgrave, 2013.
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Organizing for Policy Influence: Comparing Parties, Interest Groups, and Direct Action. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Direct Action (Group)"
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Attie, Paul C., and William L. Cocke. "Model and Program Repair via Group Actions." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 520–40. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30829-1_25.
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AbstractGiven a textual representation of a finite-state concurrent program $$P$$ P , one can construct the corresponding Kripke structure $$\mathcal {M}$$ M . However, the size of $$\mathcal {M}$$ M can be exponentially larger than the textual size of $$P$$ P . This state explosion can make model checking properties of $$P$$ P via $$\mathcal {M}$$ M expensive or even infeasible. The action of a symmetry group $$G$$ G on $$\mathcal {M}$$ M can be used to produce a smaller Kripke structure $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}$$ M ¯ . Various authors have exploited the direct correspondence between $$\mathcal {M}$$ M and $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}$$ M ¯ to perform model checking. When the structure $$\mathcal {M}$$ M does not satisfy a formula, one can look for a substructure that will satisfy the formula. We call this substructure-repair: identifying a substructure $$\mathcal {N}$$ N of $$\mathcal {M}$$ M that satisfies a given temporal logic formula.In this paper we extend previous work by showing that repairs of $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}$$ M ¯ lift to repairs of $$\mathcal {M}$$ M . In other words, we can repair a computer program $$P$$ P , which exhibits a high degree of symmetry, by repairing the smaller Kripke structure $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}$$ M ¯ and then symmetrizing the corresponding program. To do this we arrange the substructures of $$\mathcal {M}$$ M and $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}$$ M ¯ into substructure lattices that are ordered by substructure inclusion. We show that the substructures of $$\mathcal {M}$$ M preserved by $$G$$ G form a (sub)lattice that maps to the substructure lattice of $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}$$ M ¯ . When restricted to the lattice of substructures of $$\mathcal {M}$$ M that are “maximal” with the action of $$G$$ G on $$\mathcal {M}$$ M , the above map is a lattice isomorphism.These results enable us to repair $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}$$ M ¯ and then to lift the repair to $$\mathcal {M}$$ M . In cases where a program has a high degree of symmetry, such as in many concurrent programs, we can repair the program by repairing the small Kripke structure $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}$$ M ¯ .
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Ólafsson, Gestur, and Keng Wiboonton. "The Segal–Bargmann Transform on Compact Symmetric Spaces and Their Direct Limits." In Lie Groups: Structure, Actions, and Representations, 225–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7193-6_11.
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Giacomucci, Scott. "Psychodrama and Social Work Theory." In Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama, 101–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6342-7_6.
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AbstractThis chapter includes an overview of foundational psychodrama theories—action theory, catharsis, and surplus reality. The three phases of a psychodrama group (warm-up, enactment, and sharing) and the five elements of a psychodrama (stage, protagonist, director, auxiliary egos, and audience/group) are described. Morenean philosophy and sociometric theory are revisited as they relate to psychodrama. The similar elements of psychodrama theory and social work are underlined including the importance of mutual aid, spontaneity, creativity, empowerment, self-determination, interpersonal skills, relationships, group stages, and roles.
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Hornung, Johanna. "Conclusion." In International Series on Public Policy, 223–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05774-8_8.
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AbstractWhich institutions are necessary for programmatic action to take place? This chapter summarizes the “institutions of programmatic action”, which are the institutionalization of bureaucratic recruitment systems and scientific impulses through policy advice, and argues that the political institutions of federalism and corporatism are not directly related to the occurrence of programmatic action. At the same time, institutional changes may present both a challenge and an opportunity for programmatic groups.
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Garner, Robert, and Yewande Okuleye. "Collective Action." In The Oxford Group and the Emergence of Animal Rights, 79–99. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197508497.003.0005.
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This chapter considers what Farrell defines as the “collective action” stage of a collaborative circle. The collective action pursued by members of the Oxford Group is documented in the context of the historical development of the animal protection movement. The activity of the group can be usefully divided into attempts to convince the academic community of the merits of vegetarianism, on the one hand, and, on the other, outward-facing activism directed at the wider community. A discussion of the group’s activism outside of the university environment can, in turn, distinguish between personal lifestyle statements, direct and overt campaigning, and published outputs, principally the edited volume Animals, Men and Morals, which led to the publication of Animal Liberation.
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"4. The Livermore Action Group: Direct Action and the Arms Race." In Political Protest and Cultural Revolution, 125–56. University of California Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520914469-007.
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Hai-Jew, Shalin. "Action Potentials." In Digital Democracy and the Impact of Technology on Governance and Politics, 50–106. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3637-8.ch005.
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An ideology is defined as a set of ideas that “explains and evaluates social conditions, helps people understand their place in society, and provides a program for social and political action” (Ball & Dagger, 2011, p. 4). As such, these concepts underpin the actions of various groups and organizations, including that of the Anonymous hacker group, which professes no ideology or creed. Rather, the group has styled itself as a kind of anarchic global brain connected by various spaces on the Internet. This work explores four main data streams to extrapolate the group’s ideology: the current socio-political context of hacking and hacktivism; the group’s self-definition (through its professed values); the group’s actions (through the “propaganda of the deed”); and the insights of others about the group This chapter defines the socio-technical context of this Anonymous hacker socio-political movement, which draws ideas from the Hacker Manifesto 2.0, which suggests the advent of a new economic system with the new technological vectors (mediums of communication). This movement is apparently pushing forth the advent of a new information regime in which the abstraction of ideas adds a “surplus” economic value that may be tapped. Styled as fighters against government tyranny, they are pushing hard against an international regime of intellectual property and information control by governments and corporations. This is being published in the spirit that (some) information wants to be free and that there is a value in direct discourse.
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Hai-Jew, Shalin. "Action Potentials." In Open Source Technology, 812–69. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch039.
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An ideology is defined as a set of ideas that “explains and evaluates social conditions, helps people understand their place in society, and provides a program for social and political action” (Ball & Dagger, 2011, p. 4). As such, these concepts underpin the actions of various groups and organizations, including that of the Anonymous hacker group, which professes no ideology or creed. Rather, the group has styled itself as a kind of anarchic global brain connected by various spaces on the Internet. This work explores four main data streams to extrapolate the group's ideology: the current socio-political context of hacking and hacktivism; the group's self-definition (through its professed values); the group's actions (through the “propaganda of the deed”); and the insights of others about the group This chapter defines the socio-technical context of this Anonymous hacker socio-political movement, which draws ideas from the Hacker Manifesto 2.0, which suggests the advent of a new economic system with the new technological vectors (mediums of communication). This movement is apparently pushing forth the advent of a new information regime in which the abstraction of ideas adds a “surplus” economic value that may be tapped. Styled as fighters against government tyranny, they are pushing hard against an international regime of intellectual property and information control by governments and corporations. This is being published in the spirit that (some) information wants to be free and that there is a value in direct discourse.
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Cleary, Sean. "Thompson’s Group." In Office Hours with a Geometric Group Theorist. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158662.003.0016.
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This chapter considers the Thompson's group F. Thompson's group F exhibits several behaviors that appear paradoxical. For example: F is finitely presented and contains a copy of F x F, indicating that F contains the direct sum of infinitely many copies of F. In addition, F has exponential growth but contains no free groups of rank 2. After providing an overview of the analytic definition and basic properties of the Thompson's group, the chapter introduces a combinatorial definition of F and two group presentations for F, an infinite one and a finite one. It also explores the subgroups, quotients, endomorphisms, and group action of F before concluding with an analysis of several geometric properties of F such as word length, distortion, dead ends, and growth. The discussion includes exercises and research projects.
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Frey, Perry A., and Adrian D. Hegeman. "Glycosyl Group Transferases." In Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122589.003.0016.
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Glycosyl group transfer underlies the biosynthesis and breakdown of all nucleotides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosylated nucleic acids, as well as certain DNA repair processes. Glycosyl transfer consists of the transfer of the anomeric carbon of a sugar derivative from one acceptor to another, as in, which describes the transfer of a generic pyranosyl ring between nucleophilic atoms :X and :Y of acceptor molecules. The stereochemistry at the anomeric carbon is not specified in eq. 12-1, but the leaving group occupies the axial position in an α-anomer or the equatorial position in a β-anomer. The overall transfer can proceed with either retention or inversion of configuration. In biochemistry, the acceptor atoms can be oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or in the biosynthesis of C-nucleosides even carbon. The great majority of biological glycosyl transfer reactions involve transfer between oxygen atoms of different acceptor molecules. Enzymes catalyzing glycosyl transfer are broadly grouped according to whether the acceptor :Y–R2 in is water or another molecule. In the actions of glycosidases, the acceptor is water, and glycosyl transfer results in hydrolysis of a glycoside, a practically irreversible process in dilute aqueous solutions. In the action of glycosyltransferases, the acceptors are molecules with hydroxyl, amide, amine, sulfhydryl, or phosphate groups. The simplest nonenzymatic glycosyl transfer reaction is the hydrolysis of a glycoside, and early studies revealed the fundamental fact that glycosides are much less reactive toward hydrolysis in basic solutions than in acidic solutions. This fact underlies much that is known about the mechanism of glycosyl transfer; that is, the anomeric carbon of a glycoside is remarkably unreactive toward direct nucleophilic attack, but it becomes reactive when one of the oxygens is protonated by an acid, as illustrated in fig. 12-1 for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a generic glycoside. The reaction by both mechanisms in fig. 12-1 proceeds by pre-equilibrium protonation of the glycoside to form oxonium ion intermediates, which are subject to hydrolysis by water. The two mechanisms in fig. 12-1 are of interest. The mechanism proceeding through exocyclic cleavage of the glycoside has historically been regarded as the more likely, and for this reason, the route through endocyclic cleavage has received little consideration.
Conference papers on the topic "Direct Action (Group)"
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Dudek, Steven M., Nilda Maria M. MUNOZ, Anjali Desai, Lucille N. Meliton, Angelo Y. Meliton, and Alan R. Leff. "Group V Phospholipase A2 Increases Permeability Of Human Pulmonary Endothelium By Direct Membrane Action." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1975.
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Zitkeviciene, Daiva, and Ona Monkeviciene. "Music Teachers’ Communication Ways Helping Preschool Children to Engage with Learning Objects and to Explore their Critical Aspects." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.75.
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This article aims to reveal the variation-theory-grounded ways that music teachers use to communicate with pre-school children and direct their attention to learning objects (sounds of music) and the critical aspects of learning objects (music sound qualities) while listening to music. Variation theory is a novel didactic approach in the musical education of pre-school children. A learning study based on the theory of variation as a phenomenographic approach and a strategy for a lesson study as a form of participatory action research were employed. While conducting the empirical research, attempts were made to identify the ways in which music teachers communicate with children, which are grounded in variation theory and direct children’s attention to learning objects and their critical aspects. The research distinguishes two groups of ways of music teacher communication that encourage children to listen to music: music teacher communication that directs children’s attention to feeling, understanding and discerning the learning object, i. e., sounds of music (group one) and the critical aspects of learning objects, e. g., pitch, duration of music (group two). These ways that apply variation theory are new and enrich the didactics of early music education.
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Balacci, Sergiu, Ion Balan, and Vladimir Buzan. "Modification of the yolk sac in carp larvae depending on the variety of environmental temperatures." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.45.
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The purpose of the research is to highlight the effects of moderate intensity temperature stress on the consumption of nutrients of the yolk sac of fish larvae. The temperature values that could be applied in order to stimulate the growth of adaptive capacities and the resistance of carp larvae to the unfavorable action of the environment were determined. As final results is presented the possibility of using the environmental factors applied to fish as a model for the application of ecological factors on homeothermic animals, in particular, on agricultural animals. The10 days study was carried out on carp larvae (Cyprinus carpio) divided into 3 groups (aged 1, 2 and 3 days), consists of 4 experimental sublots, in which temperatures of 9, 12, 15 and 20ºC were applied. The batch in which the water temperature was 20ºC (identical to the water temperature during incubation) served as a control. The experiment was carried out in 3 liters vessels, 500 larvae per liter density. The adaptation period to the tested temperatures was 1 hour. Starting from day 3, the carp larvae were fed abundantly with live zooplankton. The yolk sac parameters (length and height) were monitored on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th day after applying the thermal factor. The dimensions of the yolk sac were determined using a microscope equipped with a lens to evaluate the linear size of the studied object. The obtained data demonstrate that the thermal variations of the water act differently on the absorption rate of the yolk sac in carp larvae aged 1 day. The lower the temperature, the slower it is absorbed. At the temperature of 9℃, the length of the yolk sac in the larvae subjected to the action of the temperature for 10 days decreased compared to it in the larvae subjected to the action for 1 day by 0,46mm (15,49%) and constituted 2,51±0,08mm versus 2,97±0,08mm. At the temperature of 12℃, the yolk sac length decreased by 1,04mm (64,26%) and was 1,87±0,07mm compared to 2,91±0,05mm. When the larvae are exposed to higher temperatures (15 and 20℃) the yolk sac is completely absorbed. The same tendency is manifested in the larvae of group II. The size of the yolk sac in 2-day-old larvae subjected to the action of the thermal factor is smaller compared to the size of the yolk sac in 1-dayold larvae at all temperatures studied and throughout their application. The yolk sac at the larvae subjected to the action of the temperature of 9℃ for 10 days decreased relative to it at the larvae subjected to the action for 1 day by 0,89mm (32,84%), at the temperature of 12℃ it shrank by 1,77mm (68,34%). At the same time, at higher temperatures (15 and 20℃) the yolk sac is fully absorbed. Moreover, it should be noted that at 15℃ the yolk sac is absent in the sublot in which the temperature was applied for 7 days compared to it in the 1-day-old larvae whose length was 1,62±0,11mm. When applying temperatures of 20℃ for 5 days (which corresponds to the age of the larvae of 7 days), the yolk sac is practically not noted and corresponds to the data of the specialized literature. It is worth mentioning that the absorption rate of the yolk sac in group II is higher compared to the absorption rate in the 1-day-old carp larvae experiment. The yolk sac at carp larvae of group III is preserved during all periods of application of the temperature of 9℃. At the temperature of 12, 15 and 20℃ it is recorded only up to the duration of the application of the stressogenic factor of 3 days. Thus, it can be mentioned that the application of low temperature on carp larvae leads to the retention of their development with the preservation of the yolk sac for a period of up to 10-12 days from birth. These results are more evident when applying the temperatures of 9 and 12℃ in the groups where larvae at the beginning of the experiment were 1 day and 2 days old. So, by applying the thermal factor it is possible to direct the duration of the development period of carp larvae.
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Huang, Da-Fu. "Outcome assessment of the online English learning and management system: A project on educational technology application to English learning in Taiwanese polytechnic higher education." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.4808.
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This paper presents the result of a three-year action research plan involving the innovative application of “LiveDVD”, a web-based English learning system loaded with VODs and embedded into the English learning program of a polytechnic university in Taiwan. Over the implementation period, the LiveDVD action plan essentially involves use requirement on students along with creation of learning and assessment materials for the target VODs and outcome management. Outcome assessment indicators include (1) the association between use activeness of LiveDVD and pass status of English proficiency certificates and (2) the causal relations between LiveDVD-related variables and English learning outcome. A survey questionnaire on LiveDVD and the management platform were employed to collect relevant data. The chi-squared test of group independence and an SEM-based path analysis were performed to address the outcome indicators respectively. The findings of the project include: (1) use of LiveDVD is positively and significantly associated with the pass status of English proficiency certificates and, (2) use motivation has direct effect on English proficiency and create the significant mediation effect on English proficiency certificates. This project yields significant implications especially for vocational higher education in Taiwan in the innovative application of educational technology to English education coupled with an effective outcome management model.
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Sugimoto, Jun. "Important Severe Accident Research Issues After Accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16796.
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After the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station several investigation committees issued reports with lessons learned from the accident in Japan. Among those lessons, some recommendations have been made on severe accident research. Similar to the EURSAFE efforts under EU Program, review of specific severe accident research items was started before Fukushima accident in working group of Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ) in terms of significance of consequences, uncertainties of phenomena and maturity of assessment methodology. Re-investigation has been started after the Fukushima accident in this working group. Additional effects of Fukushima accident, such as core degradation behaviors, sea water injection, containment failure/leakage and re-criticality have been covered. The review results are categorized in ten major fields; core degradation behavior, core melt coolability/retention in containment vessel, function of containment vessel, source term, hydrogen behavior, fuel-coolant interaction, molten core concrete interaction, direct containment heating, recriticality and instrumentation in severe accident conditions. In January 2012, Research Expert Committee on Evaluation of Severe Accident was established in AESJ in order to investigate severe accident related issues for future LWR development and to propose action plans for future severe accident research, in collaboration with this working group. Based on these activities and also author’s personal view, the present paper describes the perspective of important severe accident research issues after Fukushima accident. Specifically those are investigation of damaged core and components, advanced severe accident analysis capabilities and associated experimental investigations, development of reliable passive cooling system for core/containment, analysis of hydrogen behavior and investigation of hydrogen measures, enhancement of removal function of radioactive materials of containment venting, advanced instrumentation for the diagnosis of severe accident and assessment of advanced containment design which excludes long-term evacuation in any severe accident situations.
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Yu-Tong, Li, and Wang Yuxin. "Innovation of Matching Structures Through Clustering and Reconstructing Basic Operation Actions in the Form Layer." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67307.
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Due to a lack of essential knowledge to support functional reasoning from the design requirements of the kinematic compound mechanisms to their constituent mechanisms, the creative conceptual design of kinematic compound mechanisms based on functional synthesis approach is still a challenging task. Through introducing the dynamic partition-matching process between the function layer and the form layer to substitute for the direct function-structure matching in the FBS model, the function-structure matching problem corresponding to deficient functional reasoning knowledge for kinematic compound mechanisms is solved by the authors. The following challenge is how to cluster the divided subset of basic operation actions generated in the form layer during the partition-matching process into a well-organized and complete kinematic behavior that can be matched by the sub-function in the function layer and implemented by a structure in the database. The adopted strategies in this paper are: through defining the correlation indexes between basic operation actions, the basic operation action and its realized function behavior, and its embodied structure, as well as its dynamic behavior characteristics, the clustering possibility for a group of basic operation actions is determined. With the aid of the compatibility conditions between basic operation actions in the form layer and the consistency of the order relations between basic operation actions in the function layer and the form layer respectively, the consistency of the order relations among basic operation actions between the sub-functions in the function layer and the sub-behaviors in the form layer are guaranteed. Then, the optimal matching structures corresponding to the sub-functions in the function layer are determined based on the maximum matching coefficients of basic operation actions. In this way, the subsets of basic operation actions in the form layer are clustered into a number of complete behaviors that can be realized by mechanisms in the structure database and matched by the sub-functions in the function layer. Since multiple functional behaviors of each constituent basic mechanism take part in matching, some novel schemes of compound mechanisms with fewer and simpler constituent mechanisms to implement the overall function may be dug out.
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Arantes, Ellen Carla Gonçalves, Mateus Emanuel Segalla Ribeiro, Maria Clara Diniz Martins, Kamilla Caetano Costa Lemos, and Josy Barros Noleto de Souza. "Neglected diseases." In IV Seven International Congress of Health. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeivsevenhealth-027.
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On April 11, 2024, a group of second-year Medicine students from ITPAC held an event at the Santa Luzia parish in Porto Nacional, TO, to share knowledge about neglected diseases with the elderly in the community. The focus was on leprosy, Chagas disease, visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. We used A4 sheets with illustrative images to make it easier for the participants to understand. We held a round table discussion explaining the treatment and forms of prevention for each disease. According to Macedo (2020), the term “neglected” reflects the lack of interest and investment on the part of the pharmaceutical industry and other health sectors, which aggravates the situation and perpetuates the cycle of poverty and disease. It is therefore essential to promote awareness of these diseases and mobilize resources for effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. The elderly participated actively, sharing their personal experiences and those of their family members. We observed that many had superficial knowledge about these diseases, but few knew the appropriate forms of prevention and treatment. Leprosy and Chagas disease were better known, while leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis were less understood. We realized the need for continuous and targeted educational actions on neglected diseases, as well as common topics such as high blood pressure and diabetes, especially in vulnerable communities. The exchange of information in a round table format proved to be effective, allowing for direct and enlightening interaction. The use of images made it easier to understand the concepts covered, the action disseminated knowledge about neglected diseases effectively and demonstrated the importance of ongoing educational activities to promote public health. However, the continuity of this type of approach is essential, as the participation of the elderly revealed great interest and the need for more information on the subject.
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Takahashi, Marcela Tengler Carvalho, Paulo Rodrigo Bázan, Joana Bisol Balardin, Danielle de Sá Boasquevisque, Edson Amaro Júnior, and Adriana Bastos Conforto. "Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation in the first weeks after stroke: a preliminary study." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.252.
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Background: There is limited information about effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), delivered within the first weeks post-stroke, on performance of the paretic upper limb and on connectivity between motor areas in the affected and unaffected hemispheres. Objectives: We compared changes in Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery(FMA) scores, connectivity between the primary motor cortex of the unaffected(M1UH) and the affected hemisphere(M1AH), as well as between M1UH and the premotor cortex of the unaffected hemisphere(PMUH) before and after 6 sessions of cathodal tDCS targeting the primary motor cortex of the unaffected hemisphere(M1UH) early after stroke in 13 patients. Methods: This hypothesis-generating substudy was a randomized parallel, two-arm, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial performed at the Albert Einstein Hospital. Subjects were randomized active(N=6) or sham(N=7) groups. Results: Clinically relevant differences in FMA scores(≥ 9 points) were observed more often in the sham than in the active group. Between-group differences in changes in FMA scores were not statistically significant(Mann-Whitney test, p=0.133) but the effect size was -0.619(rank biserial correlation). Connectivity measures(Fisher’s z- transform of ROI-to-ROI correlations) between M1AH-M1UH increased in 5/6 participants in the active, and in 2/7 in the sham group after treatment. Between-group differences in changes in connectivity(M1UH-M1AH or PMUH-M1AH) were not statistically significant. In contrast with M1AH-M1UH connectivity, improvements in motor performance were more frequent in the active than in the sham group. Conclusions: Effects of cathodal tDCS on motor performance and on Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging may have distinct underpinnings in subjects at an early stage after stroke.
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Grosu, Vlad Teodor, Hanna Imola Vari, Mircea Nicolae Ordean, Gheorghe Balint, Radu Adrian Rozsnyai, and Emilia Florina Grosu. "Increasing Self-Confidence in Students from Different Universities through Exercises in Body Technique and Dance Therapy." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/28.
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Objectives of this article refer to ways to increase self-confidence in students from different universities in Transylvania manifested by the values of self-depreciation, infatuation and self-esteem. These are realized through the use of complex exercises on music in the form of dance-therapy and body technique. Purpose: elaboration of an action strategy to modify the self-depreciation, self-esteem, infatuation. Hypothesis: by introducing the exercises of body technique and dance-therapy, the aim is to modify the components of the ASSI psychological test: self-depreciation, infatuation and self-esteem Material and Methods: statistical processing was performed with the program Stats Direct v.2.7.2. The graphical representation of the results was done with the Excel application (from the Microsoft Office 2010 package). The tests used are: ASSI and an intervention program based on exercises in body technique and dance therapy. The subjects participating in the experiment with a duration of 6 months by 200 students at the Technical University Cluj-Napoca, and the extension from Baia-Mare and from the Academy of Music "Gheorghe Dima" from Cluj-Napoca. The period: of development was between October 2019 and March 2020. The results: of this study are due to the intervention program through exercises in body technique and dance therapy performed by the experimental group compared to the control group. In the case of A-SN it is a good correlation but of the opposite direction, which means that if (A) self-depreciation decreases then (SN) self-esteem increases. In the case of I-SN it is an acceptable correlation and of the same meaning, which means that if (I) the infatuation increases and (SN) the self-esteem increases, were observed statistically significantly significant differences between the two times (p <0.001). Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were observed in the indicators of the ASSI tests (self-depreciation, self-esteem, infatuation) which indicates, that our intervention program in the preliminary study had a positive and measurable impact on students in terms of improving self-depreciation and infatuation, as well as increasing self-esteem.
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Bluestein, Maurice. "Applied Heat Transfer in the Development of the New Wind Chill Temperature Chart." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59103.
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In November, 2001, the national weather services of the United States and Canada, recognizing inaccuracies in the original, adopted a revised Wind Chill Temperature (WCT) chart. This revision was developed by the authors under a mandate from a joint action group for temperature indicies (JAG/TI) formed by the U.S. Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. This new chart provides, for a given air temperature and recorded wind speed, that air temperature, the WCT, which would result in the same rate of heat loss from exposed human skin in still air. Values of the WCT are given for a range of air temperatures from −45°F to 40°F and a range of wind speeds from 5 mph to 60 mph. For Canada, the ranges are from −50°C to 10°C and 10 km/hr to 80 km/hr. The new chart was developed using principles of heat transfer, including conduction, forced convection and radiation. Skin tissue resistance was obtained from human studies. This paper describes the application of these principles and will show how these same principles have been used to demonstrate the errors in the original chart developed over 60 years ago by our military in Antarctica and adopted by the U.S. Weather Service in 1973. As was the case for the original chart, a clear night sky has been assumed, thus ignoring any direct solar radiation that would otherwise tend to elevate the WCT. The new chart is unlikely to be the final version long term and this paper will also discuss possible future modifications.
Reports on the topic "Direct Action (Group)"
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Ton, Giel, Keetie Roelen, Neil Howard, and Lopita Huq. Social Protection Intervention: Evaluation Research Design. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.004.
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This paper describes the research design for investigating and evaluating the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) social protection cash-plus intervention in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. After an introductory section, the second section elaborates on contribution analysis – the methodological approach underpinning the research design. The third section provides an overview of the intervention, and the fourth explores the overall design of the evaluation, its guiding framework, and the timeline of the intervention rollout and data collection. The fifth and sixth sections address the project’s suite of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the approach to data analysis. Using four panel surveys, bi-monthly monitoring, in-depth interviews, group discussions and direct observations, the research will zoom in on specific behaviours. First, at the individual level, we want to learn how people adopt alternative livelihoods in response to the intervention. Second, at the household level, we consider how community mobilisation and cash transfers help households to resolve intra‑household problems. Third, at the group level, we consider how groups manage collective action in response to community mobilisation. For each of these behaviour change outcomes, we want to understand the realist evaluation question, ‘Why does the intervention work, for whom, and under what conditions?’ We also want to assess whether these new behaviours change the propensity for children to be involved in the worst forms of child labour.
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Hutchinson, Paul, Adolor Aisiri, Udochisom Anaba, Elizabeth Omoluabi, Akanni Akinyemi, U. C. Ifunanya Ozoadibe, and Dele Abegunde. Behavioral sentinel surveillance survey in Nigeria: Endline technical report. Population Council, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2023.1020.
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This technical report presents results from the Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance (BSS) endline survey undertaken by Breakthrough RESEARCH/Nigeria in Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara states between October 1 and November 10, 2022. BSS surveys are intended to assess changes in indicators targeted by the integrated social and behavior change (SBC) activities of the USAID-funded Breakthrough ACTION/Nigeria project. The Breakthrough ACTION/Nigeria project, which began in 2019 and is slated to run until 2025, focuses on the health areas of malaria; family planning; and maternal, newborn, and child health plus nutrition (MNCH+N) in Kebbi and Sokoto states, as well as malaria-only SBC activities in Zamfara State. The project uses three primary SBC approaches: advocacy outreach to opinion leaders and community influencers at the state and local government area (LGA) levels, direct engagement of community members through community dialogues and group meetings, and SBC messaging campaigns through mass media and digital media. The primary objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of integrated SBC programming, as implemented by Breakthrough ACTION/Nigeria in Kebbi and Sokoto states, with single-focused vertical SBC programming, used by Breakthrough ACTION/Nigeria to target malaria outcomes in Zamfara state.
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Burdman, S., E. Welbaum, R. Walcott, and B. Zhao. erial fruit blotch, elucidating the mechanisms of fruit infection by Acidovorax citrulli. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134162.bard.
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Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli. BFB affects cucurbit production worldwide, and mainly watermelon and melon. Most A. citrulli strains are divided into two genetically differentiated groups: while group I strains have been mainly associated with melon and other non-watermelon cucurbits, group II strains are more aggressive on watermelon. Like many Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria, A. citrulli relies on a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) for pathogenicity. The T3SS is responsible for direct secretion of bacterial protein effectors to the host cell. Type III-secreted effectors (T3Es) contribute to virulence through manipulation of the host cell metabolism and suppression of plant defense. Our previous collaboration showed that group I and II strains significantly differ in their T3E arsenal (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Phytopathology 2014, 104:1152-1162). Using comparative genomics, we also showed that group I and II strains of A. citrulli have substantial differences in their genome content (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Front. Microbiol. 2016, 7:430). Our long-term goals are to identify the genetic determinants that contribute to virulence and host preferential association of the two major groups of A. citrulli, and to exploit these insights to develop effective BFB management strategies. We hypothesize that differences in the arsenal of T3Es, are greatly responsible for the differences in host preferential association between strains belonging to the two groups. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) to investigate the susceptibility of cucurbit species to group I and II strains under field conditions; (2) to assess the contribution of T3Es and other virulence factors to A. citrulli virulence and host preference; and (3) to characterize the mechanisms of action of selected T3Es of A. citrulli. In the frame of objective 1, we carried out three field experiments involving inoculation of several cucurbit crops (watermelon, melon, pumpkin and squash) with group I and II strains. Findings from these experiments confirmed that A. citrulli strains exhibit a preference for watermelon and melon. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time under field conditions, host-preferential association of group I and II strains to melon and watermelon, respectively. While host-preferential association was observed in leaves and in fruit tissues, it was more pronounced in the latter. In this part of the project we also developed a duplex PCR assay to differentiate between group I and II strains. In the frame of objective 2, we employed a multifaceted approach combining bioinformatics and experimental methods to elucidate the T3E arsenal of A. citrulli. These experiments led to discovery that A. citrulli strains possess large arsenals with more than 60 T3E genes. Remarkably, we found that ~15% of the T3E genes are group-specific. Advances were achieved on the contribution of selected T3E genes and other virulence determinants to the ability of A. citrulli to colonize the fruit and other tissues of melon and watermelon. Last, in the frame of objective 3, we advanced our understanding on the mode of action of few key T3Es of A. citrulli. We also optimized a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for functional genomics in melon and watermelon. This system will allow us to test melon and watermelon genes that may have defense or susceptibility roles related to BFB disease. Overall, this collaboration substantially enriched our knowledge on basic aspects of BFB disease. We believe that the fruits of this collaboration will greatly contribute to our ultimate goal, which is generation of durable resistance of melon and watermelon to A. citrulli.
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Rivas, Jorge, and Antonio Vives. Private Infrastructure and the Inter-American Development Bank Group. Inter-American Development Bank, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008894.
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This report provides a review of IDB Group activities supporting private participation in infrastructure between 1990 and 1997. It is intended to serve as a reference in the development of its infrastructure strategies. By compiling in a single document all the actions that promote private participation in infrastructure, a better appreciation will be developed, inside and outside the IDB Group, for the contribution it has made and the degree to which more action is required. Section II comments on the financial needs and sources of financing for infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the increasing importance of private financing. Section III is the core of the report, describing IDB Group actions for private infrastructure since 1990. This section is divided in four subsections according to the different fronts of activity as follows: (1) the IDB Group strategy, (2) the lending program, (3) the technical assistance program, and (4) nonfinancial activities. Section IV presents some conclusions and highlights that derive directly from a global overview of the Bank¿s seven year experience. Finally, the Annexes provide summary tables and a brief description of each project.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.
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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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Romero, Mauricio, and Abhijeet Singh. The Incidence of Affirmative Action: Evidence from Quotas in Private Schools in India. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/088.
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This paper studies the effects of India’s main school-integration policy—a 25 percent quota in private schools for disadvantaged students, whose fees are reimbursed by the state—on direct beneficiaries. Combining survey and administrative data from the state of Chhattisgarh, with lottery-based allocation of seats in oversubscribed schools, we show that receiving a quota seat makes students more likely to attend a private school (by 24 percentage points). However, within eligible caste groups, quota applicants are drawn disproportionately from more-educated and economically better-off households and over three-quarters of the applicants who were not allotted a quota seat also attended a private school as fee-paying students. Consequently, we estimate that ~ 70 percent of the total expenditure on each quota seat is inframarginal to school choice. The policy delivers clear gains for direct beneficiaries but is unlikely to affect school integration without broadening the pool of applicants.
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programme, CLARISSA. Children Discontinue Studies Due to Homelessness and Negligence, or Fall into Substance Abuse. Institute of Development Studies, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.026.
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The CLARISSA Nepal Action Research Group discussed in this report is located in a UNESCO world heritage site, in one of the Durbar Squares in Kathmandu Valley. The location was selected as a cluster for CLARISSA processes due to its density of street-connected children and child street vendors. These children are highly mobile, and the nature of the neighbourhood is diverse. The involvement of children in child labour, such as children working in small-scale khaja ghars and Adult Entertainment Sector venues, can be directly seen in this area, making it an important location for CLARISSA Action Research. This Action Research Group focused on two topics: children discontinuing their studies due to homelessness and negligence, and children falling into substance abuse.
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Ahmed, Nabil, Anna Marriott, Nafkote Dabi, Megan Lowthers, Max Lawson, and Leah Mugehera. Inequality Kills: The unparalleled action needed to combat unprecedented inequality in the wake of COVID-19. Oxfam, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8465.
Full textAbstract:
The wealth of the world’s 10 richest men has doubled since the pandemic began. The incomes of 99% of humanity are worse off because of COVID-19. Widening economic, gender, and racial inequalities—as well as the inequality that exists between countries—are tearing our world apart. This is not by chance, but choice: “economic violence” is perpetrated when structural policy choices are made for the richest and most powerful people. This causes direct harm to us all, and to the poorest people, women and girls, and racialized groups most. Inequality contributes to the death of at least one person every four seconds. But we can radically redesign our economies to be centered on equality. We can claw back extreme wealth through progressive taxation; invest in powerful, proven inequality-busting public measures; and boldly shift power in the economy and society. If we are courageous, and listen to the movements demanding change, we can create an economy in which nobody lives in poverty, nor with unimaginable billionaire wealth—in which inequality no longer kills.
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Duffy, Katie, Kelly De Bruin, Loïc Henry, Clement Kyei, Anne Nolan, and Brendan Walsh. Health impacts of climate change and mitigation policies in Ireland. ESRI, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs188.
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Recognition of the need to limit climate change has led countries to sign up to concerted efforts to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These efforts culminated in the ratification of the Paris Agreement by Ireland and 196 other countries in 2015. This agreement, and the subsequent Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Act of 2021, commit Ireland to a GHG emissions reduction goal of at least 55 per cent compared to 1990 levels by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050. These commitments to reduce GHG emissions through various Climate Action Plans will have considerable economic and societal ramifications, including on population health. For EU countries, the health implications of climate change are estimated to be extensive, while climate change may impede the sustainability of healthcare service provision. The changing climate, predicted to intensify, can exacerbate health impacts, especially in vulnerable demographic groups such as children, older people, and individuals with chronic diseases. However, in addition to the direct benefits for health from emission reductions (e.g., from fewer extreme weather events), emission reduction policies may also have co-benefits for health, e.g., the shift to more bicycle-based commuting through increased cycle lanes or the switch to lower meat consumption can help reduce emissions and improve health outcomes. Despite the growing evidence on the link between increasing temperatures, and likely emission reduction target policies, on health, little evidence exists on the health effects of climate change and associated mitigation actions in an Irish context. The aim of this report is to contribute to the understanding of the link between climate change and health by examining the impact of temperature changes on health and healthcare utilisation in Ireland. While there are multiple dimensions of climate change that may affect health (e.g., increasing temperature, increased precipitation, wildfires, etc.), temperature change is considered one of the principal health threats facing Ireland with respect to climate change. First the report undertakes an in-depth review of the literature on the link between temperature change and health, focusing on evidence from other regions with moderate climates that are similar to Ireland. It also provides an overview of the literature that has assessed the health benefits and co-benefits of climate change mitigation action. Second, the report utilises Met Éireann temperature data to develop Irish climate projections based on simulations performed by the Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC). Next, the research examines the impact of increases in temperature on use of emergency in-patient hospital care in Ireland. Finally, the report also outlines some of the potential health benefits and co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions, in Ireland.
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Menon, Shantanu, Kushagra Merchant, Devika Menon, and Aruna Pandey. Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action (YUVA): Instituting an ideal. Indian School Of Development Management, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58178/2303.1021.
Full textAbstract:
This case study traces the journey of Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action (YUVA), an NGO which was co-founded in Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) in 1984 by a young graduate Minar Pimple along with a group of his lecturers and peers from the Nirmala Niketan College of Social Work, together looking to evolve an indigenous model of social work practice. To say that times have changed in India since YUVA’s inception 38 years ago would be an understatement. Despite this, the organization’s spirit continues to echo its founding purpose and values, and provide a space in which the most marginalised of young and like-minded people can come together, understand their rights and responsibilities as citizens, and work together towards shared ideals. Even today, the majority of the people who work with YUVA (meaning “youth”) come from marginalised backgrounds. Such talent composition is not the norm, even in civil society. Seeded with feminist ideals—in particular that of nurturing a careful and life-long sensitivity for the socio-politically marginalised, and standing by them in their strive for social justice—YUVA’s historical record is a statement of how a steadfast commitment to principles can eventually find home in a settled and satisfying practice. This case study lays out both what that historical record speaks and what it speaks between the lines. What the record directly speaks of is the radical milieu in which YUVA came into being, how it became a significant civil society presence in its own right, how it multiplied new initiatives, and how it underwent a difficult leadership transition and financial stresses, yet strived hard to remain relevant. Between the lines, the record hints at how an alert, attuned and active academic milieu constitutes a real treasure—a reminder that perhaps seems appropriate for the times; and narrates the story of how a feminist organization deeply committed to social justice operates from the inside, of the people who make it and how they make and remake it. organizations of this nature have an important place in the annals of Indian civil society but have not received a proportionate space within the documented field of organizational development and talent management. This case study provides an opportunity for learners to explore the idea, relevance and practices of a feminist organization, through the travails and triumphs of one of the oldest ones in India.