Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diplomatie – Europe – 16e siècle'
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Micallef, Fabrice. "L' Europe des possibles : crises et compétitions politiques pendant les "Affaires de Provence" (vers 1580-1610)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010574.
Full textBély, Lucien. "Diplomates et diplomatie autour de la paix d'Utrecht." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010635.
Full textNeverova, Natalia. "Le monde des diplomates européens à Prague et à Strasbourg (années 1590 - années 1610)." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0096.
Full textAt the end of the 16th century the diplomatic service is changing to be more structured and professional and it is witnessing an increasing number of resident ambassadors. The standards and regulations of this service originate from its practical application, but also are due to the theoretical speculations of the century. Though the reality of it is still quite far from its ideal introduced by the works poring over this subject. Turning to the case study of Prague this research attempts to explore that special zone of a shared existence where the encounters among the diplomatic agents from different states take place. Our analysis focuses on the actions of the ambassadors during their missions and aims to uncover the similarities in their duties as well as to define the strategies and instruments used to achieve their goals. A few selected examples enable us to examine some features and qualities that are common among the ambassadors and to determine if they could be perceived as the key factors defining the diplomatic trade. Given the multicultural character of Prague as a capital it is the case of Strasbourg that allows us to introduce the notion of « small » diplomacy, the one that attracts less attention than the affairs that are dealt with in the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and to better define the roles of the ambassadors who are involved
Vuillez, Alexis. "Entre la Couronne et L’Évangile : les diplomates protestants au service du roi de France (ca. 1530 – ca. 1630)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCC041.
Full textDuring the early modern period, when Europe was gradually marked by the phenomenon of confessionalisation and religious bipolarisation, the Kingdom of France took on a very special character due to the presence of a large Huguenot minority. Although the Edict of Nantes legalised the existence of the Reformed and their access to public office from 1598 onwards, their influence nevertheless met with varying degrees of opposition from the Crown.However, from the 1530s until the ministry of Richelieu, the successive kings of France continued to employ agents of the Reformed faith. Among the diplomats employed by the monarchy between the start of the religious tensions and the complete re-Catholicisation of the state apparatus were more than thirty ambassadors.The aim of this thesis is to examine the relationship between the Reformed faith of these diplomats and the service of a Catholic king, and also to identify the interest that the monarch may have had in maintaining a resident ordinary ambassador or sending a Protestant ambassador extraordinary to a foreign prince. Finally, this work aims to study the impact of the diplomats’ religion on the way they negotiated and on the results obtained, as well as the way in which their religious interests may have interfered with the mission entrusted to them by the sovereign
Speeckaert, Jean-Charles. "Construire une relation pacifiée. Les ministres de France à Bruxelles dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Pratiques et réseaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040095.
Full textFrom the relations between France and the Low Countries, History has kept especially the memory of confrontations and thirst for conquest. The renversement des alliances in 1756 changes this conflictual neighborhood. This unprecedented alliance led Louis XV and Maria Theresa of Austria to pacify their relations. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to examine how this peace is concretized in the Austrian Netherlands, the nearest Hapsburg land for France. Nearly two generations of the populations of these countries live a period of peace, which is rare. The first part of the work deals with the diplomatic and political significance of sending ministers to Brussels - in the heart of a non-sovereign territory. In analyzing the forms of diplomatic representation and the mission of these envoys, emerges the question of the Belgian provinces as the place and stakes of international relations. The second part focuses on the men and women at the heart of these relationships, the resources they implement, i.e. their practices and the networks they form. In the context of cross-border relations, the emphasis is on the intervention of various people, whom sometimes are distant from Courts and places of power
Speeckaert, Jean-Charles. "Construire une relation pacifiée. Les ministres de France à Bruxelles dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Pratiques et réseaux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/256988.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tessier, Alexandre. "Réseaux diplomatiques et République des Lettres. Les correspondants de Sir Joseph Williamson (1660-1680)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040201.
Full textDiplomatic and cultural spheres are often regarded as being very close, especially in Early Modern Europe. Many biographies are devoted to diplomats who were also authors, artists or scholars. The purpose of this PhD is to question this association, and to argue that it results from inaccurate observations, and from a refusal to consider diplomatic structures globally at a given date, so that brilliant individuals tend to attract all attention, even if they are exceptions.In order to draw a more accurate picture of the actual relations between diplomatic and cultural spheres, I decided to focus on the Republic of Letters, as the prominent cultural structure of Early Modern Europe, and on a specific diplomatic network of informants: the international network which was developed by Sir Joseph Williamson between 1660 and 1680. This case is particularly appealing, because Williamson was one of the major British diplomats of the time, and also an accomplished scholar. Finally, his extensive records have been remarkably well preserved. Thanks to these materials, it has been possible to reconstitute Williamson’s network of informants, and to establish that few of them were men of letters, most of whom only appear in specific circumstances, which are depicted and discussed in this work
Tessier, Alexandre. "Réseaux diplomatiques et République des Lettres. Les correspondants de Sir Joseph Williamson (1660-1680)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040201.
Full textDiplomatic and cultural spheres are often regarded as being very close, especially in Early Modern Europe. Many biographies are devoted to diplomats who were also authors, artists or scholars. The purpose of this PhD is to question this association, and to argue that it results from inaccurate observations, and from a refusal to consider diplomatic structures globally at a given date, so that brilliant individuals tend to attract all attention, even if they are exceptions.In order to draw a more accurate picture of the actual relations between diplomatic and cultural spheres, I decided to focus on the Republic of Letters, as the prominent cultural structure of Early Modern Europe, and on a specific diplomatic network of informants: the international network which was developed by Sir Joseph Williamson between 1660 and 1680. This case is particularly appealing, because Williamson was one of the major British diplomats of the time, and also an accomplished scholar. Finally, his extensive records have been remarkably well preserved. Thanks to these materials, it has been possible to reconstitute Williamson’s network of informants, and to establish that few of them were men of letters, most of whom only appear in specific circumstances, which are depicted and discussed in this work
Mouline, Nabil. "Le califat imaginaire d'Ahmad al-Mansûr : légitimité, pouvoir et diplomatie au Maroc." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040012.
Full textAhmad al Mansûr's reign distinguished itself by a strong will to building a powerful empire with stable ideological and institutional structures. The sultan-sharîf had got a triptych plan : to legitimate his power within Morocco, to break away from the foreign influence, notably the Ottoman one, and to pursue an imperialist policy in the Sahara and the Sudan. To go througt with this plan, the Moroccan monarch borrowed the caliphate ideology wich is a sort of universal monarchy. In actually, the sultan-sharîf had something to reform administration and financial and military structures, and sometimes to revolutionize the system creating new institutions copied out of Iberian and Ottoman patterns. Finally, Ahmad Al-Mansûr showed pragmatism pursuing an active, proactive and reative foreign policy and using his alliances to carry out his plan
Favalli, Alessandra. "Le rang et la dynastie : les Este à la recherche d'un équilibre politique dans l'espace italien et européen à l'époque des guerres de religion françaises (1559-1580)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLN005.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the quality and evolution of the relations between the Duke of Ferrara, Alfonso II d'Este, and the French crown, from the restoration of peace in 1559 between the Valois and the Habsburgs with the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (2-3 April 1559) and during the following twenty years, until 1580. However, this is not an analysis aimed at deepening the relations between the ducal power of Ferrara and the French monarchy from a strictly diplomatic point of view. I have preferred to study the links between the Duke of Ferrara and the Valois kingdom through the family network that the former had on the other side of the Alps, thanks to the matrimonial alliance signed between the Este and the Guise in 1548, and which in 1559 still existed and was fully functional. From the European framework of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, we would like to shed light on the hopes, the level of autonomy, the oscillations, and the modes of action that the House of Este implemented in the face of Spanish preponderance through its links with the Kingdom of France. In addition to an international approach, we study the effects on the system of equilibrium and competition between the Italian courts through the red thread of the dispute for precedence between Este and Medici. Through the relations of the Este with the French Crown, we try to analyse not only the relationship between these two entities and the real contractual power of the Duke of Ferrara, but also the balances and influences of other Italian dynasties, such as the Savoy and the Medici, in the same context. This is also reflected in the sources that constitute the documentary framework of my thesis, i.e. the correspondence of the Este agents in the kingdom of France in the first place, which has been cross-referenced with that of the Savoy and Medici envoys, and of the ambassadors of the Republic of Venice and the apostolic nuncios, as well as with the family correspondences. Finally, it is a question of determining the negotiating power and the margins of initiative of the Este lineage, a ducal house at the head of an independent Italian state but linked by feudal ties to the Empire and the Papacy, in the face of the indirect tutelage of Spain and the geopolitical disorder produced by the French Wars of Religion
L’obiettivo di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di studiare la qualità e l’evoluzione delle relazioni che intercorsero tra il duca di Ferrara, Alfonso II d’Este, e la corona di Francia a partire dal ripristino della pace tra Valois e Asburgo con il trattato di Cateau-Cambrésis (2-3 aprile 1559) e nel corso dei vent’anni successivi, fino al 1580. Non si tratta, però, di un’analisi mirante ad approfondire le relazioni tra il ducato di Ferrara e la monarchia francese da un punto di vista strettamente diplomatico. Ho preferito, piuttosto, studiare i legami intercorrenti tra il duca di Ferrara e il regno dei Valois attraverso la rete familiare di cui il primo poteva disporre Oltralpe, grazie all’alleanza matrimoniale stretta tra gli Este e i Guise nel 1548, e che nel 1559 non solo esisteva ancora, ma era pienamente operativa. A partire dal quadro europeo sancito dal trattato di Cateau-Cambrésis, si sono tentante di chiarire le aspirazioni, il livello di autonomia, le oscillazioni e le modalità d’azione che caratterizzarono l’operato della casata degli Este alla luce dei suoi legami con il regno di Francia e dinanzi all’avanzare della preponderanza spagnola. A un approccio su scala internazionale, è stato incrociato uno studio degli effetti sul sistema di equilibrio e competizione esistente tra le corti principesche della penisola italiana, di cui la disputa per la precedenza tra Este e Medici, consumatasi anche alla corte dei Valois, fu uno dei più vividi esempi. Attraverso le relazioni degli Este con la corona di Francia, si è analizzata non solo le connessioni tra queste due entità e la consistenza del potere contrattuale reale del duca di Ferrara, ma anche gli equilibri e le influenze di altre dinastie italiane, come i Savoia e i Medici, nel medesimo conteso. Questo approccio si riflette anche sul corpus documentario su cui si è costruita la tesi, formato prevalentemente dalle corrispondenze degli agenti estensi nel regno di Francia, che sono state incrociate non solo con quelle degli ambasciatori sabaudi, medicei, veneziani e dei nunzi apostolici, ma anche con i carteggi familiari di origine estense e guisarda. Infine, si è trattato di determinare il potere di negoziazione e i margini di iniziativa della casata degli Este, lignaggio alla testa di uno Stato italiano indipendente ma legato da vincoli feudali tanto all’Impero quanto al Papato, dinanzi alla tutela indiretta esercitata dal regno di Spagna sulla penisola italiana e al disordine geopolitico prodotto dalle guerre di religione in Francia
Feng, Chen. "La Découverte de l'Occident : regard anthropologique des premiers diplomates chinois sur l'Europe occidentale : 1866-1894." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0040.
Full textDuring the second half of the 19th century, the oing gouvernment sent the first chinese diplomates to western europe. According to the orders of the qing gouvernment, the chinese diplomates were obliged to submit written accounts on western civilization these diarries constitute a precious documentation of the immediate perception of western civilization by the first group of chinese intellectuals sent to europe. What surprised these trevellers most in western civilization? how do they perceive the cultural context of europe, using the chinese cultural and historical experences, their traditional intellectual formation and their own psychology? finally, how do they arrive at a readjustment of chinese culture in the world? these are tha main questions of this dissertation. Another subject: do these first chinese intellectuals sent to europe develop a kind of "occidentalisme" corresponding to western "orientalisme"?
Ribera, Jean-Michel. "Les ambassadeurs du roi de France auprès de Philippe II, du traité du Cateau-Cambrésis (1559) à la mort de Henri III (1589) : diplomatie et espionnage." Toulouse 2, 2004. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/index.php?module=App&action=FrameMain&colname=ColGarnier&filename=JraMS01.
Full textDuring the thirty years of French diplomatic representation in Madrid, five Ambassadors followed each other. Those men, born into the provincial nobility are introduced to the King by relations or allied. They are experienced men who served the King in varied diplomatic negotiations and / or military campaigns. Their main mission is to preserve peace and secure the installation of Elisabeth de Valois, new Queen of Spain into the Court. Confronted with the hostility of the Spaniards, those Ambassadors do defend the policy of the kings of France and its omnipresent mother Catherine de Medicis. They rely on a really expensive informers network that leads to their debt. Spies in the foreign court, they invent all sorts of stratagems to send their messages. The letters are coded ; they duplicate the mails they sent onto different ways. The events they are confronted with (the meeting of Bayonne, the Florida affair or the conquest of Portugal) reveal their personalities, the moments of détente or tension between the two crowns
Pantalacci, Jean-Pierre. "Diplomatie et diplomates vénitiens à Rome au XVIe siècle : 1500-1535 : les rapports entre la Papauté et Venise à travers les Relazioni des ambassadeurs vénitiens." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040232.
Full textThe aim of this work tends to analyse the relationships between the papacy and Venice in the first half of the XVIth century through the Venetian ambassadors'reports that have been preserved. The span of time chosen for this study covers the period 1500-1535 and corresponds to four pontificates : Alexander VI b. Borgia, Julius II b. Della Rovere, Leo X and Clement VII b. Medici. This period is particularly eventful both in Italy and Europe, period in which Venice found itself an ally and an opponent of Rome in turns. Thus, the Venetian ambassador is at same time an observer, a judge and an actor of these events. He also considers the personalities of the four pontiffs and Rome
Zyssman, Elisabeth. "De l'ordre politique au XVIe siècle : l'humanisme chrétien à l'épreuve de la Réforme." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100143.
Full text[Texte en anglais] the purpose of this work is to examine the way in which XVIth century thinkers with various backgrounds have come to reflect on political order and to define it. Through a review of nine great figures of the period - Machiavelli, Erasmus, More, Luther, Müntzer, Calvin, La Boétie, Bodin and Montaigne -, the object is to set out and analyse the stakes, the operating conditions and the main characteristics of the political order (inside the state, not international), which was conceived at the dawn of modern times, before the Reform, by the Reform and by thinkers confronted with the Reform. Did they, in the XVIth century, dream of setting up a radically new order, improving the established order, or just keeping it, if not restoring it ? Who was supposed to be responsible for the disorders recorded, and who was expected to restore order ? Statesmen ? the elite ? the people ? Did order depend on the reform of institutions, military and police dispositions, or the regeneration of men? In the century of Humanism, what was the placegiven to the representations and the passions of men (the governors and the governed alike), when reflecting on the causes of disorder and on the ways of preventing it or coping with it. . .
Antoche, Emanuel Constantin. "Guerre et diplomatie en Europe orientale au XVIIe siècle : le cas de la principauté de Moldavie (1606-1621) : édition critique de l'Histoire sommaire des choses plus mémorables advenues aux derniers troubles de Moldavie. Où sont décrites plusieurs batailles gagnées tant par les Princes Polonois, que par les Turcs, et Tartares : Ensemble l'évasion admirable du Prince Correcki des Tours noires du Grand Turc, par l'invention et assistance d'un Parisien. Composée par M. Jacques Baret Avocat en Parlement sur les mémoires de Charles de Joppecourt Gentilhomme Lorrain, qui portait les armes durant ces troubles à la suite des Princes Polonois. A Paris, chez Toussainct du Bray, MDCXX." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0170.
Full textArpin-Gonnet, Gaëlle. "Un diplomate aux origines de la raison d'état : René de Lucinge." Lyon 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO33029.
Full textDewière, Rémi. "L'esclave, le savant et le sultan : représentations du monde et diplomatie au sultanat du Borno (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010631.
Full textLocated on the Western shores of Lake Chad in present-day Nigeria, the Borno Sultanate was the most important Islamic African state in the XVIth-XVIIth centuries. It influenced economical, cultural and human circulations in the whole Sahel and Sahara. Two contemporary authors described how the Borno sultans were integrated into the diplomatic exchanges in order to defend their economical and territorial interests. The first one was a Borno imam whose name named Aḥmad ibn Furṭū (c. 1570). The other was a French surgeon who was enslaved in Tripoli in the 1670s. On the basis of the texts they produced, this work aims to go beyond a political history of the Borno Sultanate and analyze the representations, the circulations and the practices of diplomacy between a sahelian state and its neighbours in the Early Modern period, taking into consideration the influence of environmental, religious, economical and social dynamics as well as the discourses and practices of diplomacy
Bajer, Jakub. "La France face à l’élection et à la reconnaissance du roi Stanislas-Auguste (1763-1766)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV037.
Full textThe main goal of the dissertation was to present a complex diplomatic negotiations between France and other courts of South (Austria, Spain and Saxony) the day after death of Augustus III (5 X 1763), and the late acknowledgement (juin 1766) of his successor Stanislaus-Augustus, from the polish noble family of Poniatowski (elected the 7th of september 1764 as a russian candidate)
Petitclerc, Isabelle. "François Savary de Brèves, ambassadeur de Henri IV à Constantinople (1585-1605) : diplomatie française dans l'Empire ottoman et recherche orientaliste." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040077.
Full textPriotti, Jean-Philippe. "Bilbao et le commerce européen au XVIe siècle." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20032.
Full textPIERRE CHAUNU'S WORK SEVILLE ET L'ATLANTIQUE, PUBLISHED IN THE YEARS 1955-1960, LED TO A LARGE BODY OF HISTORICAL LITERATURE IN WHICH SEVILLE IS PRESENTED AS THE ONLY IMPORTANT TRADE CENTRE IN THE SPANISH KINGDOMS. THE IMPACT OF THESE STUDIES ON THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY IS SUCH THAT SCHOLARS HAVE PAID RELATIVELY LITTLE ATTENTION TO BASQUE TRADE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. THE FIRST CHAPTER IS DEDICATED TO THE ORIGINS OF PORT ECONOMIC RISE AND TO THE ANALYSIS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT. THE HISTORY OF TRADE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BILBAO AND EUROPE, AN ATTEMPT TO QUANTIFY BILBAO'S PORT ACTIVITIES, CONSTITUTE THE FIRST PART. IN FACT, UNTIL THE YEARS 1560-1570 BILBAO PLAYED A ROLE AS IMPORTANT AS SEVILLE FOR SPANISH TRADE. THE SECOND PART DEALS WITH TRADE ACTORS. BASQUE PEOPLE ARE NOT ONLY TUNED INTO SHIPPING AS IT USUALLY HAS BEEN SAID. THEY SETTLED IN AMERICA AND IN THE MAIN EUROPEAN TRADE CENTRES. THEY ACTED LIKE REAL BUSINESSMEN IN RELATION WITH THEIR PARENTS LIVING IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY OR IN ANDALUSY. COOPERATING WITH THE BURGOS MERCHANTS, THEY WERE ONE OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN TRADE ENVIRONMENT. THE THIRD PART ANALYSES TRADE AND FINANCIAL MECHANISMS. BANKING AND FINANCIAL LINKS THAT BASQUE PEOPLE HAD WITH STATE, NOBILITY AND PEOPLE FROM THE HINTERLAND ARE THE POINT. THE BASQUE COUNTRY'S TRADE, SHIPPING AND INDUSTRIAL DYNAMISM, THE strengthENESS AND FLEXIBILITY OF BASQUE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK, SUMMURISE, AS WELL THE BASQUE CONTRIBUTION TO MODERN SPAIN, AS THEIR PARTICIPATION INTO THE WORLD ECONOMIC DOMINATION OF EUROPE IN ITS INITIAL STEP
Chionna, Francesca. "La correspondance politique de Ludovico da Canossa et la diplomatie italienne dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAC006.
Full textOur dissertation offers a commented edition of the unpublished letters of Ludovico da Canossa to some illustrious addressees. We focused mainly on the correspondence sent to the pontifical datary Gian Matteo Giberti, with a specific attention to the literary practice, the language and the documents brought out by European diplomatic corps between the late fifteenth and the first half of the sixteenth- century. Canossa’s correspondence - stored in the Capitualar Library of Verona DCCCXXVIII-XXXI (DCCXXXII-V) – looks as a sixteenth century’s paper codex (1523-29) indistinct sheets, in italic autograph characters.The research has been carried out along different axes : on the one hand, the edition of the correspondence with the pontifical datary Gian Matteo Giberti in the period of the Cognac League ; on the other hand, the analysis of Canossa as a character of Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier ; finally, it has been analysed the language of Ludovico da Canossa’s epistolography, with a constant look at the historical and political dynamics of the first half of the Sixteenth century
La tesi si propone di pubblicare un’edizione commentata della corrispondenza inedita di Ludovico di Canossa con alcuni destinatari illustri e soprattutto con il datario pontificio Gian Matteo Giberti, con uno sguardo storico e critico sulle pratiche, il linguaggio e le scritture letterarie prodotti dalla diplomazia europea tra la fine del XV secolo e la prima metà del XVI. La corrispondenza di Canossa, conservata presso la Biblioteca Capitolare di Verona DCCCXXVIII-XXXI (DCCXXXII-V), si presenta in cartaceo del XVI secolo (1523-29) in fogli separati con carattere corsivo autografo, raccolti in tre buste.La ricerca si è svolta lungo diversi assi: da un lato, l’edizione della corrispondenza con il datario Giberti relativa agli anni della lega di Cognac; dall’altro, l’analisi del personaggio Canossa inserito da Castiglione nel Cortegiano. Infine la lingua dell’epistolografia di Canossa, con uno sguardo costante sulle dinamiche storico-politiche della prima metà del Cinquecento.Canossa (1475-1532) visse per intero le fasi più acute delle cosiddette ‘guerre d’Italia’: egli fu non solo un erudito ma anche un abile negoziatore impiegato a più riprese dai sovrani francesi Luigi XII e Francesco I. Il corpus epistolare del diplomatico di Verona costituisce, nel suo insieme, un documento significativo per i rapporti tra lo stato pontificio (e dunque, in una certa misura, dell’Italia intera) e la corona francese, soprattutto negli anni venti del Cinquecento: Canossa in effetti mostra una percezione precoce della crisi italiana e del lento deteriorarsi dei rapporti con la Francia. Il punto più alto della parabola diplomatica del veronese si configurerà con la favorevole conclusione della lega di Cognac (maggio 1526), alleanza che in effetti è percepita dagli stessi protagonisti come l’ultima e disperata battaglia di ‘intellettuali impegnati’ come Ludovico da Canossa e Francesco Guicciardini per costruire uno spazio politico italiano. La scrittura, pubblica e privata, in questo contesto diventa uno strumento di dialogo fra identità culturali, linguistiche e politiche eterogenee, oltre che strumento per orientare il proprio responsabile politico e l’opinione pubblica.Gli anni venti del Cinquecento ci restituiscono un Ludovico da Canossa che ha lasciato alle spalle la carriera da nunzio pontificio, ormai prostrato nel perseverare, al servizio di Francesco I, nell’allestimento della lega anti-spagnola. Si tratta di un periodo di trattative decisive non solo per le vicende ‘locali’ degli stati e delle corti della Penisola, ma durante il quale si percepisce con maggiore evidenza come le ‘guerre d’Italia’ si configurino in realtà come una guerra europea di predominio cheha l’Italia come campo di battaglia e ad un tempo come preda. Occorreva organizzare una risposta vigorosa alle potenze straniere se i territori italiani non volevano rischiare di essere fagocitati da Francia e Spagna. Canossa personaggio del Cortigiano insieme ai fratelli Fregoso, a Giuliano de’ Medici, a Bibbiena, a Bembo appartiene al gruppo di coloro che hanno effettivamente giocato un ruolo significativo nelle ‘cose de Italia’, per usare una formula sovente ripetuta nelle epistole del veronese.Tuttavia, proprio Canossa e i Fregoso furono tra i primi a percepire che la politica di equilibrio di Leone X sarebbe stata destinata a fallire e che occorreva schierarsi con la potenza d’Oltralpe
Echard, Jean-Philippe. "Etude physico-chimique des vernis d'un corpus d'instruments de musique européens du 15e au 18e siècle : approche historique et perspectives de conservation." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0033.
Full textVarious, and often contradictory, hypotheses have been raised for more than a century concerning the composition of ancient varnishes of musical instruments, in particular those made by Antonio Stradivari. Neither these hypotheses, nor the rare experimental results, allow grasping correctly the varnishing processes used by European instrument-makers until the end of the 18th century. The aim of this PhD work is to confront information collected in historical sources with the analysis of a group of instruments varnishes using a specific analytical methodology. First, the study of written and iconographical documents shows that a general and coherent understanding of this topic is not achievable on the basis of these sole elements. Then, a methodology organizing and optimizing chemical analytical methods is elaborated to characterize ancient varnishes of musical instruments. It prioritizes in situ and non destructive analyses, and, when micro-sampling is possible, its analysis is optimized. Thus, techniques as spectroscopies (EDXRF, fluorimetry), micro-spectrometries (FTIR/synchrotron, Raman), separative analyses (GC/MS, Py-GC/MS) and imaging techniques (SEM/EDX, OCT) have been applied to varnishes of a corpus of seventy instruments from European collections, mainly the one in Musée de la musique, Paris. Results deal both with the stratigraphy and the chemical –organic and inorganic– composition of each of the identified strata. These results bring novel insights to the history of varnishing techniques and suggest new approaches to the conservation of these varnished musical instruments and of all their values
Dehaudt, Christophe. "Le duc de Guines (1735-1806) : un courtisan entre service du roi et affaires au temps des Lumières." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040267.
Full textAdrian Louis de Bonnières, duke de Guines (1735-1806) was the descendant of an honorable family from the province of Artois, who - because he married into the Montmorency family and obtained the protection of Choiseul and Marie-Antoinette experienced social ascent in the latter half of the 18th century. That resulted in rapid promotion in the army (lieutenant general, member of the Comité de la guerre and the Conseil de la guerre} and in an entry into diplomatic circles (as a plenipotentiary minister in Berlin in 1769 and ambassador in London from 1770 to 1776). But that success was somehow limited (he never became a minister or a marshal of France). His successful life was also tarnished by several scandals (legal proceedings against his secretary Tort de la Sonde). Nonetheless he was a real gentleman, being refined, elegant and popular with women. He even became one of the most prominent figures at the court of France under Louis XVI. He was also famous for his musical sensibility: Mozart wrote a concerto for him. He also took an interest in the research for coal in the Artois area. But towards the end of his life he had to emigrate because he was faced with the hostility of Robespierre. He came back to France under the consulate and died in dire circumstances
Fonbaustier, Laurent. "Modèles ecclésiologiques et droit constitutionnel : l'institution de la responsabilité des gouvernants." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020052.
Full textRichard-Jamet, Céline Catherine Jeanne. "Les galeries de "femmes fortes" dans les arts en Europe au XVIe et au XVIIe siécles : une étude iconographique comparative." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30061.
Full textOriginating from the Nine Worthies theme, from them they sometimes adopt the distribution, the Strong Women series blossom as early as the 15th century in Italy, then spread to France and the rest of Europe in 16th and 17th century. These series or galleries, constituted by heroines embodying precise virtues, are inspired by feminine qualities as praised by Salomon in "La femme de Caractère", extracted from his book "Proverbes". They are created only after the "hommes illustres" series, as counterparts, and later acquire their own autonomy. These cycles cover diverse functions depending on the country, the time period : in Italy, the first series serve the function of memory, they are commemorative, then they become edifying, through the cassoni who educate young wives ; in France, they allow to legitimate a regent accession to the throne and to support her power, process who was copied by the Dutch, the Florentine and Viennese court. Spain focuses on women from the Bible and fills its churches of cycles sculpted or painted on mirrors, destined to edifying the faithful ; the Belgium series educate the monks ; the Dutch engraved cycles praise women at home, whereas England seems to be apart. Queens, women from the Bible and amazons appear recurrently in series, to the detriment of vestals and saints. The most irreproachable heroines are disgracied, the most barbaric acts are justified
Schick, Sébastien. "Des liaisons avantageuses : action des ministres, liens de dépendance et diplomatie anglaise dans le Saint-Empire romain germanique (années 1720-1750)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010695.
Full textThis PhD analyses how the principal German ministers of the 18th century use their personal and informal relationships (friendship, patronage…) when they have to act beyond the borders of their state : in other words, it focuses on a particular way of acting. These relationships appear to be particularly efficient when it comes to taking action at a distance, and they are, therefore, fundamental for the power of the ministers. The scope of the work is the English diplomatic offensive in the Holy Roman Empire of the 1720's and 1750's : we observe how the ministers of several German territories (Hanover, Prussia, Cologne, Saxony and Wolfenbüttel) used their relations to act for or against this diplomacy. Through this analysis, we want to link different historiographical topics, which remain usually separate, and renew them by doing so: first, the functioning of the Holy Roman Empire, which depends not only on its institutions, but also depends on the networks which irrigate the Empire. To look at them is a way to avoid the question of its political nature, and to see how the imperial level and the level of the territories were functioning as a common system. Second, the diplomatic history: by looking at the personal networks of the ministers, we are able to challenge the idea of an ever-more “professional” diplomacy during modern times. The ministers and the princes depended on these personal networks, which constituted a parallel and complementary level of the “official” diplomacy
Sénié, Jean. "Entre l'aigle, les Lys et la tiare : les relations des cardinaux d'Este avec le royaume de France (environ 1530 - environ 1590), entre diplomatie et affirmation de soi." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL128.
Full textMy research focuses on the d’Este cardinals’ diplomatic and religious actions and on their role as mediators between Italy and France. My objective is to uncover the geopolitical foundations of their actions whilst highlighting the different scales thereof. The territorial emprise of the d’Este cardinals is actually revealed by the existence of Italian and French relays. I study the presence of Ippolito II and Luigi d’Este both in terms of their material presence and their participation in the political stakes of the time. This research combines multiple forms of historiography. First, it develops the existing knowledge of the cardinals’ sociology in the sixteenth century. It then considers contributions from the history of international relations and how they pertain to the roles of the two d’Este cardinals as supporters of the French crown in Rome and pontifical mediators in the French court and studies their methods. I conclude by analysing Christian humanism as conceptualised by Erasmus to see whether it constitutes a guideline for their religious conduct. By examining their modus operandi on the international scene, this thesis argues that a Catholic identity is emerging which is not heterodox, but rather which fits into the strictest denominational orthodoxy. Nevertheless, crossing the mountains leads to readjustments in manners of expressing and representing the Catholic faith
Haan, Bertrand. "Les relations diplomatiques entre Charles Quint, Philippe II et la France au temps de la paix du Cateau-Cambrésis (1555-1570) : l'expérience de l'"amitié"." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS009S.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a new definition of the nature of relationship between sovereigns during Modern Europe – usually considered as contemporary international relationship – through study of forms taken by diplomatic alliances. One term refers to links between princes when they are allied : “friendship”. A thorough analysis of language and political practice, based on diplomatic letters, is the best way to show all the aspects of this notion. When pragmatism gets first, a practical study was prefered to a purely theorical approach, considering reconciliation, then alliance during a decade between sovereigns who appear as out-and-out rivals, the Kings of Spain of France. As it appears in the middle of the 16th century, the friendship link is strongly familial and personal, which needs a permanently renewed engagement. “Friendship” has also its own rules. It supposes feelings must appear sincere and its engagement, honoured, as it is founded on a principle of reciprocity. Advising, giving information, affording military help, commiting no frontly hostile act, these are evidences mainly given by the two allies for they will to preserve the special relationship during the 1560’. In the end, “friendship” opens way to realizing ideals of medieval and modern Christendom : instauring global peace and restauring unity of faithThough it has a virtually limited impact and can’t exist without any interest of both parts, “friendship” between princes, in its principle, in a subtle but fundamental way is not an alliance between States
Avignon, Mathieu d'. "Samuel de Champlain et les alliances franco-amérindiennes : une diplomatie interculturelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60627.pdf.
Full textVignaud, Laurent-Henri. "Les "merveilles de la nature" : histoire naturelle et érudition à l'âge baroque, vers 1560-vers 1660." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS015S.
Full textPeople of 16th and 17th centuries were obsessed by the “wonders of Nature”: they observed, studied, described, collected and exchanged them passionately. Wonders of Nature were not only an intellectual category or a learned notion partly bequeathed by Ancient and Medieval thought, but also a body of pictures (drawings or engravings) easily reproducible and distributable, a series of natural phenomena which can be attested by letters and a set of objects on display in cabinets of curiosities. This works follows three directive patterns: 1) articulation between science and philological scholarship; 2) function of prodigies during French 16th century civil wars, and 3) appraisal processes used in giving account of strange natural objects. The first part of the study is devoted to the legacy, in other word to the notion of “wonders of Nature” as an inherited intellectual category, and is focused on the years 1560-1610. In the second part, the specific case of the prodigies is considered, mostly between 1580 and 1620, and through French historiography of the civil wars. Third part confronts the “science” of the wonders of Nature with the new experimental practice which, between 1610 and 1660, makes the wonder a pattern of “scientific fact”
Martinez, Carolina. ""Mondes parfaits et étrangers dans les confins de l'orbis terrarum : utopie, expansion transocéanique et altérité (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles")." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070097.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis aims to understand the developement of the utopian genre in early modern Europe by making special emphasis on its relationship with the process of overseas expansion (that begins in the XVIth century but develops further in the following century), the outbreak of the Reformation and progressive radicalization of religious dissidence, as well as with the transformations in terms of knowledge that gave birth to unprecedented manifestations in european thought. To this end, a set of utopian travel accounts published in French, both in France and in the United Provinces, which circulated in Europe from the early seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century, have been analyzed in terms of three major themes: the religious question, the question of the "other" and the question of space (or the horizon of overseas expansion). Given these three issues, we propose as a general hypothesis that the features acquired by the utopian genre published in French in the seventeenth century, account for the political-religious situation experienced by France in this period, as well as for the place occupied by the French monarchy and the United Provinces in the overseas competition developed around the same time. The expansionist ambitions of the former and the commercial and intellectual prevalence of the latter can be traced in utopian travel accounts, which were written in the centers of culture and trade but were located in the margins of the known world
Gellard, Matthieu. "Une reine épistolaire. Les usages de la lettre et leurs effets dans l’action diplomatique de Catherine de Médicis, 1559 1589." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040176.
Full textHistorians have always been interested by Catherine de Medici but no research has even been produced on a central aspect of her action: diplomacy. Yet, she has written an enormous amount of letters from the accession to the throne of her son François II in 1559 to her own death in 1589 and we still have 5 958 letters from a correspondence that has never weakened during three decades. Among them, we can find 2 454 foreign letters, that forms a central object to understand the foreign policy decided by the Queen Mother. Yet, during this work, the letters written by Catherine de Medici to the French ambassadors and the replies she received from them has mainly been considered as an historical object more than a testimony of diplomatic negotiations. Therefore, the interest has been focused on epistolarity as a means of government in a time when distance between actors makes the letter to be the only link between them
Guérinot-Nawrocki, Sophie. "Les réseaux d’information et la circulation des nouvelles autour de l’exil de Marie de Médicis (1631-1642)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040088.
Full textIn 1631, Mary de’ Médici (1573-1642), queen mother of the French king, opposed to Richelieu’s government, precipitately leaves the kingdom to find shelter at the court of Brussels. Until her death in 1642, she never succeeds, in spite of many attempts, to be allowed to come back to France. She lives in the Spanish Netherlands from 1631 to 1639. Then, after a short passage through the United Provinces, she stays in London until 1641, to move out again to Cologne, where she finally dies. Whereas the Thirty Years War tears Europe to pieces, Mary de’ Médici weaves bonds not only with foreign princes, but also with other French banned emigrants, such as Gaston of Orleans or the duchess of Chevreuse. The study of this outstanding situation reveals official or secret networks, which are built up and undone around those emigrants. The making and good working of those networks are ensured by a pool of ambassadors, courtiers, servants, who have various profiles and follow different purposes. By rebuilding the individual stories of these men, we can disclose the organic logic of this complex and moving party, in which the news arise and flow. We try to provide an analysis from the point of view of the material support and routing of information, but also according to its content, which may vary following the peculiar circumstances and political issues. The circulation and changes of the news affect the diplomatic deeds in a way that must be investigated and explained. Moreover, information, as a mirror of political thoughts, is reflecting codes, symbols, representations and behaviors. Therefore, the setting and showing of information can be seen as a significant matter for political studies
Duong, Sophie. "Les "hermaphrodites", des phénomènes au carrefour des savoirs et des conceptions scientifiques et philosophiques : une étude sur l'"objectivation" scientifique et médicale des hermaphrodites de la Renaissance au début du XVIIe siècle." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070025.
Full textThis work aims to propose a conceptual history of hermaphrodism during the 16th and the early 17th centuries, through the study of the scientific and philosophical concepts linked to the existence of human hermaphrodites, in the conceptual evolution of the idea/the notion of « monsters », of generation, of differentiation of sexes and of the organization of genitalia. On the one hand, this study intends to show that during the Renaissance in Europe (Germany, Italy, Spain, France), the ancient and medieval heritage of scholarships and conceptions linked to hermaphrodites and monsters was the subject of scholars' questions and research and was renewed and enriched through the re-discovery of anatomy, in particular for hermaphrodites. On the other hand, its purpose is to demonstrate that an impulse, itself renewed, tried to restore hermaphrodites and monsters only In the domain of natural sciences, excluding them from the domain of divination from the second-naïf of the 16th century onwards, or even attempted to consider hermaphrodites only as human beings certainly presenting an anomaly, but a minor anomaly which nevertheless calls into question one's belonging to one or the other gender. Far from proposing a linear conceptual history, but considering the possible influences of these concepts on the conditions and social status of hermaphrodites, this study highlights two « traditions >; in the interpretation and presentation of hermaphrodites, which coexisted during the 16th century and raised questions still debated during the next centuries, such as the existence of the « perfect » hermaphrodite
Degans, Axelle. "La sécurité économique de la France dans la mondialisation : une stratégie de puissance face aux nouveaux défis du XXIème siècle." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIML010.
Full textEconomic security, long neglected by political and economic decision-makers, is nowadays an absolute necessity. The international environment is changing rapidly with the affirmation of the major emerging economies, which is changing the major global balances and the return to power politics of the main global players, with the exception of Europe. The problems of sovereignty - the control of one's destiny - are strongly felt in France and Europe. Only strong political will and the definition of economic strategies will make it possible to maintain independence in a world revolutionized by the new use of law, influence, digital technology that is opening up to cyberspace and disruptive innovations in the wake of artificial intelligence. Faced with new risks, we must bring together the energies, wills and intelligence to serve the best that France and Europe have to offer in order to avoid being subjected to the law of others and a future that will not necessarily be to our advantage. This thesis questions the long standing blindness of our elites, the field work we carried out seeks to evaluate the different economic security practices to confront them with the European belated reaction in this matter. Economic security is global, it must be thought of as a whole for an implementation that brings hope and in the future. At a time when French and European people are going through a crisis of collective trust and identity, economic security is a tool that can unite them. It requires to rediscover what makes our continent unique, it is a tool for reconstruction, but also a means of forging a future that is appropriate to us. Our own ambition is clearly challenged
Drisdelle, Julie Lynne. "Female Self-Portraiture and the Construction of the Self." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23669/23669.pdf.
Full textGuérinot-Nawrocki, Sophie. "Les réseaux d’information et la circulation des nouvelles autour de l’exil de Marie de Médicis (1631-1642)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040088.
Full textIn 1631, Mary de’ Médici (1573-1642), queen mother of the French king, opposed to Richelieu’s government, precipitately leaves the kingdom to find shelter at the court of Brussels. Until her death in 1642, she never succeeds, in spite of many attempts, to be allowed to come back to France. She lives in the Spanish Netherlands from 1631 to 1639. Then, after a short passage through the United Provinces, she stays in London until 1641, to move out again to Cologne, where she finally dies. Whereas the Thirty Years War tears Europe to pieces, Mary de’ Médici weaves bonds not only with foreign princes, but also with other French banned emigrants, such as Gaston of Orleans or the duchess of Chevreuse. The study of this outstanding situation reveals official or secret networks, which are built up and undone around those emigrants. The making and good working of those networks are ensured by a pool of ambassadors, courtiers, servants, who have various profiles and follow different purposes. By rebuilding the individual stories of these men, we can disclose the organic logic of this complex and moving party, in which the news arise and flow. We try to provide an analysis from the point of view of the material support and routing of information, but also according to its content, which may vary following the peculiar circumstances and political issues. The circulation and changes of the news affect the diplomatic deeds in a way that must be investigated and explained. Moreover, information, as a mirror of political thoughts, is reflecting codes, symbols, representations and behaviors. Therefore, the setting and showing of information can be seen as a significant matter for political studies
Gellard, Matthieu. "Une reine épistolaire. Les usages de la lettre et leurs effets dans l’action diplomatique de Catherine de Médicis, 1559 1589." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040176.
Full textHistorians have always been interested by Catherine de Medici but no research has even been produced on a central aspect of her action: diplomacy. Yet, she has written an enormous amount of letters from the accession to the throne of her son François II in 1559 to her own death in 1589 and we still have 5 958 letters from a correspondence that has never weakened during three decades. Among them, we can find 2 454 foreign letters, that forms a central object to understand the foreign policy decided by the Queen Mother. Yet, during this work, the letters written by Catherine de Medici to the French ambassadors and the replies she received from them has mainly been considered as an historical object more than a testimony of diplomatic negotiations. Therefore, the interest has been focused on epistolarity as a means of government in a time when distance between actors makes the letter to be the only link between them
Sénié, Jean. "Entre l'aigle, les Lys et la tiare : les relations des cardinaux d'Este avec le royaume de France (environ 1530 - environ 1590), entre diplomatie et affirmation de soi." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL128.
Full textMy research focuses on the d’Este cardinals’ diplomatic and religious actions and on their role as mediators between Italy and France. My objective is to uncover the geopolitical foundations of their actions whilst highlighting the different scales thereof. The territorial emprise of the d’Este cardinals is actually revealed by the existence of Italian and French relays. I study the presence of Ippolito II and Luigi d’Este both in terms of their material presence and their participation in the political stakes of the time. This research combines multiple forms of historiography. First, it develops the existing knowledge of the cardinals’ sociology in the sixteenth century. It then considers contributions from the history of international relations and how they pertain to the roles of the two d’Este cardinals as supporters of the French crown in Rome and pontifical mediators in the French court and studies their methods. I conclude by analysing Christian humanism as conceptualised by Erasmus to see whether it constitutes a guideline for their religious conduct. By examining their modus operandi on the international scene, this thesis argues that a Catholic identity is emerging which is not heterodox, but rather which fits into the strictest denominational orthodoxy. Nevertheless, crossing the mountains leads to readjustments in manners of expressing and representing the Catholic faith
Boestad, Tobias. "« Pour le profit du commun marchand » : la genèse de la Hanse (XIIe siècle-milieu du XIVe siècle)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL078.
Full textAlthough the commercial organisation known as the Hanse did not emerge until the second half of the 14th century, merchants from the Holy Roman Empire did not wait until then to join forces on the various marketplaces they frequented in Northern Europe. On the contrary, some of their associations could already be found in England and in the Baltic Rim at the end of the 12th century. Over time, such groupings developed into more complex organisations. Their political influence increased as they came to represent the commercial interests of all Low German cities, whereas the reference to “the common merchant’s profit” spread within them and paved the way to lasting cooperation. This study seeks to shed light on the political motives of solidarity between German merchants and cities, with particular attention to the discourses produced about it and their normative value. Its aim is to turn around the constitutionalist perspective which has characterised legal studies on the Hanse for a long time, and to highlight the legal mechanisms by which the political experiences of the 13th and early 14th centuries were able to produce an inter-municipal decision-making regime, abiding by specific rules and by its own system of principles and values. After having presented the main steps and chronological milestones in the genesis of the Hanse, this work considers the foundations of the Hanseatic community and finally the way in which some of its actors, in particular the city of Lubeck, were able to turn a political and economic cooperation into a legal principle
Couhault, Pierre. "Et les premiers furent nommés Honneur et Foi... : l'office d'armes dans la monarchie des Habsbourg au XVIe siècle, entre mythes et réalités." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040181.
Full textDuring the middle-ages and the early modern period, a group of person was claiming to be the servants of the whole noble order. They were the heralds. Several important functions related with the identity of the prince and his nobility were associated with these apparently inferior persons. During the Renaissance, in spite of a manner of decline, this officeremained in existence and continued to serve both princes and nobles. The evolutions of these two traditionnal groups were nonetheless important. At the court of the Hapsburg, the heralds took part in particular in the wars of Charles V, in the sedentarisation an hispanisation of the court of Philip II and in the Dutch revolt. Through these persons, the history of the reign of the two first Hapsburg reveals itself
Couhault, Pierre. "Et les premiers furent nommés Honneur et Foi... : l'office d'armes dans la monarchie des Habsbourg au XVIe siècle, entre mythes et réalités." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040181.
Full textDuring the middle-ages and the early modern period, a group of person was claiming to be the servants of the whole noble order. They were the heralds. Several important functions related with the identity of the prince and his nobility were associated with these apparently inferior persons. During the Renaissance, in spite of a manner of decline, this officeremained in existence and continued to serve both princes and nobles. The evolutions of these two traditionnal groups were nonetheless important. At the court of the Hapsburg, the heralds took part in particular in the wars of Charles V, in the sedentarisation an hispanisation of the court of Philip II and in the Dutch revolt. Through these persons, the history of the reign of the two first Hapsburg reveals itself
Bundalo, Anja. "La construction et la déconstruction des modèles de l'absolutisme éclairé dans l'Europe des Lumières." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2019/document.
Full textThe French philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment, especially in the second part of the eighteenth century, endeavoured to specify the cases in which inequality and the limitations of freedom would be in accordance with natural laws in order to propose precepts for a blossoming life. By doing so, they opened the way to the formation of enlightened absolutism, a model of government that finds its legal foundations in the Natural Law Theory Developed largely part by Voltaire, who put it in the direct relation with the ideology of “classical” absolutism, the ideology of enlightened absolutism had as its principal goal the creation of a strong state. Having embraced the philosophers’ precepts, the “enlightened monarchs” or “philosopher kings” founded the evidence of such a policy on language, fashion, and especially on the confidence in a progress that France had been able to promote
Beaubien, Marie-Michelle. "L'utilisation de la violence à travers la littérature pamphlétaire du début de la Réforme de l'aire française : les écrits de polémique religieuse de Pierre de Vingle (1533-1535)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18124.
Full textGauthier, Chantal. "Activité missionnaire en frontière de catholicité : l'exemple du Valais et de l'ancienne Rhétie (1550-1650)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20022.
Full textMahjoub, Rami. "De Constantinople à Istanbul : la représentation nuancée des Ottomans par des voyageurs européens aux XVe et XVIe siècles." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2028/document.
Full textAfter Constantinople’s conquest in 1453, the need to gather updated information on the city under its new rulers became a necessity. Not only the available documentation on the Turks was obsolete, the Ottomans themselves were different from the Seljuk dynasty encountered during the Crusades. Both Asian and European, Muslim and Christian, Turks and Greeks, defining the Ottoman society was a hard task that needed a journey and a shrewd observer. The Ottomans were involved in almost all the European and Mediterranean affairs whether through forming alliances, waging wars, creating puppet states or establishing trade routes. The Holy Roman Empire, France and the Italian city states were among the first to send emissaries to Constantinople. The reports gathered by the travelers offer a variety of first-hand eye witnesses of how the capital of the Ottoman Empire is ruled from daily life activities to the political vision of the sultan. The identity of the traveler plays a great role in determining the content of his report. An ambassador, a spy see things differently from a merchant or a monk. The perception of the Ottoman reality itself evolves from the beginning of the journey to its end. The representation of the average Turk, the sultan, the Greeks and other minorities in Constantinople gives a great insight about the social and political representation of self and others in Europe during the Renaissance. The frequent comparisons with the Roman Empire shows that, surprisingly, the Ottomans are inheriting some characteristics that explain their golden age with Mehmed the Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent. The result of crossing the traveler’s accounts leads to the unexpected conclusion that not only Constantinople is becoming Istanbul, it is reclaiming its Roman roots
Allaire, Valeria. "Les images "italiennes" de François Ier entre 1515 et 1530 : l'attente, la crainte, la célébratiοn et la déceptiοn chez les hοmmes de culture de la péninsul." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC023/document.
Full textThis analysis deals with the representation of King Francis I wihthin the Italian peninsula spanning the period from 1515 to 1530. In the collective imagination, King Francis I is known as the Knight-King, the « Father and Restorer of Letters » and a Renaissance patron of the arts. He is equally remembered for his contribution to architecture, his hunting activities and amorous conquests, but also for his captivity and his alliance with the Turks. This study aims to broaden the range of King Francis I's multifaceted depictions by adopting a new Italian prespective in order to cast a new light on his representation. From the very beginning of his reign, this highly manifold monarch appears to have been haunted by the idea of dominating the peninsular political arena. The study is based on a corpus of letters written by ambassadors and papal nuncios as well as on historical and literary works. Emhphasis has been laid on several milestones in the history of Italy's relationships with its sovereign : the victory at the battle of Marignano and the King's meeting in Bolonia with Pope Leo X in 1515, the failure of the imperial election in 1519, the defeat at the Battle of the Bicocca, in 1522, and at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, as well as the Neapolitan campaigns of 1528. This thesis demonstrates that the king's image does not solely rely on his successes and defeats, but it largely depends on the changeing shifts in Italian political hopes and fears of the day. Our findings show that some of the depictions of King Francis I belie all expectations. In 1529, the king signs a treaty in Cambrai with Charles V and abandons his Italian allies to his long-lasting enemy. From that point onwards, a shift in politics occurs: the king does not wholly give up his Italian ambitions, but his representation changes, adapting to new political stakes
Bureaux, Guillaume. "Union et désunion de la noblesse en parade. Le rôle des Pas d'armes dans l'entretien des rivalités chevaleresques entre cours princières occidentales, XVe-XVIe siècles (Anjou, Bourgogne, France, Saint-Empire)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR142/document.
Full textAppearing in 1428 in Spain, the Pas d’Armes are a real example of the undeniable interest held by the nobility of the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance in the arts of warfare, in literature, and theater. It is in reality an evolution of the joust and tournament in which one or several knights volunteer to keep a crossroad, a door or another symbolic place. To differ from the joust, the organizers publish chapters, or letters of weapons, several months in advance. They consisted of two parts, the first one coming to place the knights defenders and aggressors in a magic and fantastic universe, the second containing rules to be followed. It is also necessary to note that the great majority of Pas place the knights in a fictional world, in particular regarding Arthurian legend, by means of chapters, present scenery around the lists and, naturally, costumes. Testimonies of transcultural contacts between the Valois ‘courts of Anjou and Burgundy and Spanish courts, the Pas d’armes are organized at courtly decisive moments like marriages, treaties of peace or just after a war, all the Pas d’armes had a common role : to highlight the unity of knighthood around the Prince and his power. On each occasion is the Prince who emerges victorious from all the entertainment organized at his court. Essentially, it is a way for the prince to dramatize his power in this “game – mimicry” where the important thing was not so much the fighting but the scenery and the highlighting of cultural, financial and military power of the court
Benzoni, Maria Matilde. "« L'apertura del Mondo » : Pierre Martyr d'Anghiera et les réseaux d'information sur le Mexique, l'Amérique Espagnole et le Monde dans l'Italie du XVIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0076.
Full textThis research aims at contributing in the study of the attitudes of the Italian political and intellectual élite in relation to the " widening of the world " between XV and XVI centuries. The thesis studies Peter Martyr d'Anghiera and the influence exerted by the Italian humanist and the corpus of his writings - Opus Epistolarum, Legatio Babylonica, Decades de Orbo Novo - on the XVI century Italian net-works on Mexico, Spanish America and the World. Contrary to the prevalent habit of the studies on Peter Martyr to focus on specific aspects of his figure and works, the I chapter tryies to consider Peter Martyr within the " International " of the Italian humanists. The II and III chapters are devoted to the analysis of the corpus of his writings, with a specific attention toward Peter Martyr's vision of international relations and of the Novus Orbis. The IV chapter studies the influence exerted by his intellectual legacy on G. Ramusio, G. Botero and the XVI Century Italian and European cultures
Manchio, Corinne. "Machiavel secrétaire et l'écriture de la politique : étude d'une langue de chancellerie en temps des guerres d'Italie (1498-1512)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080097.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the entire Machiavellian diplomatic carteggio (Legazioni, Commissarie, Scritti di governo). This correspondence reflects cultural practices of writing and all the sociolinguistic transformations they cover. The methodology is a combination between traditional philological methods and computer technology (Digital Humanities and Digital Studies): it is the intersection of these disciplinary fields I have conceived a software to analyze my corpus (Machiato). The argument of the the political instability has been developed in three stages: analyzing the upheavals triggered by the proliferation of conflicts; the impact of war on the conception of Stato as on practices and finally, multiplication and confusion of temporalities of the political world. Individuals are forced to reduce the time of speculation and theorizing to respond to the state of emergency, a state of permanent war. The LCSG allow to identify the steps in the construction of the Machiavellian perspective and more specifically, the various attempts to found the practice including insecurity, not as a source of disorientation but as specificity of action in politics