Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diplomatie – États-Unis – 20e siècle'
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Grollemund, Anne-Sophie. "Charles E. Bohlen, diplomate au service de la politique extérieure des Etats-Unis, 1929-1968." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL010.
Full textThis PhD thesis under the supervision of Pr. Olivier Forcade (Sorbonne Université) covers the diplomatic activity of Charles Eustis Bohlen, within the 20th century period characterized by evolving international tensions due the Cold War. This work represents a thorough study of various content sources: public and private archives, from both France and the United States, of textual, audiovisual, and iconographic nature. Within it is reassembled the journey of an American diplomat whose country asserts itself as a front-line great power when dealing with major international affairs. Light will be shed on the ambassador’s mission and his degree of influence in multilateral negotiations, shifting suddenly to the forefront in favor of the conferences which shaped the post-war era. His stay as an ambassador in France has been the subject of a particularly detailed study given the complexity of the role and the context, in order to highlight the decision-making mechanisms at hand
Bengobeyi, Benjamin Jean-Jacques. "La France et les Etats-Unis face à l'Irak et à l'Iran de 1972 à 1982 : comparaison et relations." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H211.
Full textFrance and the United States fascinate the observer of international relations by the complexity and contradictions of their relations, as is paradoxical and sometimes explosive, the love-hate mixing (or perhaps more accurately, attraction-repulsion or friendship-voltage) they contain. This does not prevent the two countries to get together when it cornes to defending freedom. Unlike Spain or Britain, France remains the only major European country to have never been at war against the United States. Yet it is his most unruly ally. France and the US are the worst friends. Also this reflection does the ambition to analyze their relations with Iran and Iraq from 1972 to 1982, as well as prospects of cooperation or competition that resulted. However, one cannot understand these relations only if we admit beforehand that they refer to a different assessment of international situations and interests of both countries
ApRoberts, Lucy. "Salariat et retraite aux États-Unis." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010047.
Full textSuzarte, Manuel. "From Burning a Flag to Carrying One : United States Cultural Diplomacy and Chilean university students during the Cold War (1956-1973)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030052.
Full textThis research analyzes the deployment of United States cultural diplomacy in Chile between the mid-1950s and the early 1970s, with a focus on the relationship with the Chilean university world, especially students. It is framed within recent historiographical narratives on the relationship between the two countries, which highlight the agency of Chilean actors in their relations with the United States. The analysis is divided into three scales, allowing for multifocal articulation between macro, middle, and micro perspectives. First, a macro-scale establishes the milestones of the development of United States cultural diplomacy since the early years of the Cold War and the application of these policies in Latin America and Chile, to understand why the young student university population became an important actor. Second, the middle scale focuses on the institutional actors that managed cultural diplomacy in Chile, mainly government agencies such as the U.S. Embassy. It analyzes the role of the diplomatic post in Santiago, including its functioning, officials, and functions, the characteristics of the different ambassadorial periods, and their strategies for establishing links with Chilean students. Third, a micro-historical scale focuses on the exchange program between the University of Texas and the University of Chile (1959-1967), known as the Latin American Student Leader Seminar. Through the testimonies of its former participants, this unique exchange experience is reconstructed, allowing for an analysis of the implementation of cultural diplomacy policies
Esta investigación analiza el despliegue de la diplomacia cultural de Estados Unidos en Chile entre mediados de los años cincuenta y principios de los setenta, centrándose en la relación con el mundo universitario chileno, especialmente con los estudiantes. Se enmarca dentro de las narrativas historiográficas recientes sobre la relación entre ambos países, que destacan la agencia de los actores chilenos. en sus relaciones con Estados Unidos. El análisis se divide en tres escalas, lo que permite una articulación multifocal entre las perspectivas macro, media y micro. En primer lugar, la macro escala establece los hitos del desarrollo de la diplomacia cultural de estadounidense desde los primeros años de la Guerra Fría y la aplicación de estas políticas en América Latina y Chile, para entender por qué la joven población universitaria estudiantil se convirtió en un actor importante. En segundo lugar, la escala intermedia se centra en los actores institucionales que gestionaron la diplomacia cultural en Chile, principalmente agencias gubernamentales como la Embajada de Estados Unidos. Se analiza el rol de la sede diplomática en Santiago, incluyendo su funcionamiento, funcionarios y misiones, las características de los distintos períodos de los embajadores y sus estrategias para establecer vínculos con los estudiantes chilenos. En tercer lugar, una escala micro histórica se centra en el programa de intercambio entre la Universidad de Texas y la Universidad de Chile (1959-1967), conocido como Seminario de Líderes Estudiantiles Latinoamericanos. A través de los testimonios de sus antiguos participantes, se reconstruye esta singular experiencia de intercambio, permitiendo analizar la implementación de políticas de diplomacia cultural
Ondoua, Patrice-William. "Les rapports Europe-Etats-Unis, 1980-1992." Paris 8, 1999. http://octaviana.fr/document/174466412#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textCarassou-Lassallette, Anne-Marie. "Nouvelle spiritualité américaine : magie et néopaganisme aux Etats-Unis à l'aube du troisièmemillénaire : essai d'interprétation." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30045.
Full textAfter retracing the British origins of American neopaganism and witchcraft, (as already studied by Adler, Bonewits, Kelly and others) and an attempt at identifying members of neopaganism, this dissertation inquires into its more American gnostic, romantic, esoteric and native roots and interprets the American neopagan movement as paradigmatic example of the American brand of religious, philosophical and cultural aspects of postmodernism, connecting it to other postmodern new social movements, like the ecological movement and the movement for peace and justice
Piorkowski, Sandrine. "L'eugénisme et les politiques de santé publique aux Etats-Unis, 1870-1932." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10028.
Full textZimmerlin, Daniel. "Les frontières nouvelles de "l'evangelicalism" Américain : constantes et transformations d'une sous-culture, 1970-1990." Paris, EPHE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPHE5014.
Full textGourbe, Géraldine. "Prolégomènes à une réflexion sur l'être-ensemble : analyse critique de la performance nord-américaine des années 70-80." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100089.
Full textWe questioned political and aesthetic links between artistic performance and feminist speeches from the critical analysis of a North American artistic and feminist collective of the seventies and the eighties, the Feminist Art Program. We located our research about art and feminism, at first, in the epistemologic context of the queer theory's spreading in North America then Europe, a theory who favoured rapprochement between performance and questions of gender identity. We considered then another reading of feminist performances by considering them to be productions being recovering from conventions, from contexts of appearance and from exchanges configurant of alternatives for a group-being. The collective experience of the Feminist Art Program is in this title a peculiar example. We finally set out to show that feminist and artistic practice is not reserved for the only problems of the woman and gender, but on the contrary participates in a global politic which question the society as a whole
Paul, Frédéric. "Convergences aventureuses : l’écho des années soixante-dix californiennes sur l’art européen des années quatre-vingt-dix et autres essais sur l’art contemporain." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383238/fr/.
Full textThe art scene in California in the late 1960s and early 1970s established favourable terrain for the investigations of a new generation of artists, even if it did not enjoy any real logistical support, be it from the art trade or from institutions. The conceptual art promoted at the same time by Seth Siegelaub in New York prepared an alternative to Minimal art. This phenomenon already had its equivalent in Europe. The dematerialization of the work of art would have decisive consequences in California, where it gave rise to a Conceptual art stripped of any dogmatism and marked by the influence of powerful personalities like Ed Ruscha and John Baldessari. East coast artists such as Douglas Huebler, William Wegman, and Robert Cumming, plus Ruppersberg in the Midwest, would find more stimulating working conditions on the other side of the United States. Europeans like Bas Jan Ader and his colleague Ger van Elk would follow the same path. Their works would not find any immediate on-the-spot visibility, but after a gap of about fifteen years, a new generation of European artists (let us mention artists like Claude Closky, in France, and Jonathan Monk, in England) leaned on those older brothers and elevated them to the rank of primary references. Using selected examples of artists and a corpus of texts put together since the beginning of the 1990s, written for various exhibition catalogues, reviews and publishers, the aim of this thesis is to introduce this dialogue between generations and shed light on certain convergences despite the disparity of institutional and societal contexts
Defranchi, Olivier. "Les relations entre les Etats-Unis et le monde chinois : de Franklin D. Roosevelt à William J. Clinton." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30034.
Full textThe united-states and china have always in the first place tried to isolate themselves from the outside world, but international conflicts and the globalization of the economy do not allow them to make that choice any more. Until 1949, the united-states upheld any government in a position to preserve their interests. The breaking up of relation between the prc and the soviet union as well as the increasing role of china in international affairs prepared the ground for the establishment of diplomatic relations. The end of the cold war and the evolution of us/ussr relations left china without its counterbalancing role towards the ussr. In addition, chinese arms exports and american military aid to taiwan are a never-ending source of tension between the two nations. However, mutual economic interests alleviate differences of opinion about democracy or human rights. Commercial relations greatly developped during these last 20 years but benefit essentially the coastal regions of south china, hong kong, macau and taiwan. Chinese and americans give a high priority to their country's sovereignty, are proud of themselves and convinced of their intellectual and moral superiority. Their relations increased considerably during the last 30 years but were preceded by a long period of hostility and even armed conflict through third nations. If the united-states wish to become central figures in asia, they should take into account long term chinese interests. On the other hand, improvements in human rights will certainly help china play a more important role in international affairs and ease tensions with washington. Finally, more cultural and academic exchanges between those two giants would promote mutual understanding and appreciation. Will they ever be friends?
Durand-Vallot, Angeline. "Mouvement féministe et condition des femmes aux Etats-Unis de 1960 à nos jours." Lyon 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO2A010.
Full textCaroll-Lorin, Kristi. "Les mouvements évangéliques et les médias dans l'Amérique contemporaine : l'église électronique." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100031.
Full textBetween 1976 and 1988 a televised religious phenomenon called the electronic church influenced the political and social scene in the United States. Encouraged by conservative movements of the new right as well as by President Reagan himself, the electronic church became quite prominent. Combining evangelical traditions of the protestant church and techniques of modern media, the electronic church renewed the religious spirit of the american viewer while provoking the criticism of leberals. Through its televised programs, three main tendencies appear: fundamentalist, charismatic and traditional. The electronic church's diversity is represented by three outstanding televangelists: jerry falwell, oral roberts and robert schuller. Their goals, ideologies and methods are defined by their messages (spiritual, social economic and political). Important events in american protestantism and the missions of pioneer evangelists as well as statistical and technical data are used to evaluate the impact of the electronic church in contemporary America
Béland, Daniel. "Une sécurité libérale ? : fédéralisme et politique des retraites aux Etats-Unis." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0073.
Full textLe, Roy Christine. "De la génération hippie à la génération yuppie aux Etats-Unis." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040152.
Full textThe hippies are the descendants of the beat generation of the fifties. Both groups showed non-conformism. The hippies tried to create a new type of family based on companionate marriage. They liked life in a community, close to nature. They were against war, but refused to take part in public demonstrations in the streets. They were nonviolent, above all. They rejected western materialism. Eastern philosophy was the only antidote for them. Heyday could only be reached with drugs. The songs of the sixties and seventies tried to awake the American consciousness. At the end of the seventies, the movement faded some hippies became artists, others became contestants and others yuppies. They are the present-day trends of the united-states. They are young urban professionals. They are serious and ambitious. They aspire to glory. They dream of power and money. They like sports and eat only healthy food. They have comfortable incomes. In politics, they are at the same time (in social matters) and conservative (for their business). They work harder than their parents to succeed, (the economical conjuncture is not particularly good for them. ) In the seventies, the American had lost the notion of American dream, after several disillusions: Vietnam, Watergate, energy crisis,. . . , but on the contrary, the yuppies think it is possible. If you really want it badly. Despite the diametrally opposite conceptions, some hippies went through their judgment again and became yuppies
Sommeiller, Estelle. "Regional income inequality in the United States, 1913-2003." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/sommeiller_e.
Full textConceived of in many ways, the topic of income inequality opposes neoclassical economists, who publish empirical studies supporting regional convergence, to human geographers, who recurrently marshal evidence for regional divergence. Applied to the United States, the dissertation presents the construction of a new homogeneous set of panel data by state cross-sections and annually from 1913 to 2003, using the Statistics of Income publications by the U. S. Internal Revenue Service. This database represents well the top 10 percent of the income distribution, but data from other sources are needed to account for average income. Meanwhile, the top decile database offers an alternative to average income figures used by Barro and Sala-i-Martin to study the same topic. In order to address the issue of income convergence across the United States over the long-run, three types of convergence are distinguished: 1) the ? convergence, 2) the ? convergence, and 3) the convergence of top incomes towards the lower decile of the income distribution. As regards the ? convergence, evidence supporting convergence is stronger within the top decile than among average incomes across states. Moreover, income inequality is positively correlated to average income, and negatively correlated to economic growth rates. The ? convergence features a declining trend for state average incomes and the income of the top percentile. Finally, the estimation of the full income distribution provides a measure of the inequality gap between the lower and upper deciles of the income distribution from 1965 to 2003, based on the hypothesis that the functional form of the Lorenz curve fits the Pareto distribution
Lemoine, Xavier. "Naissance et développement du théâtre queer aux États-Unis." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100112.
Full textAlthough the notion of Queer Theater only began to develop in the early 1990s its stretch back to the beginning of the 20th century. Indeed, the portrayal of homosexuality on the stage has been shaped by moral and legal censorship revealing the tensions articulating theater as a whole. Queer theory, based on theoretical intertextuality, enables us to examine the way in which sex, gender, race and class are formed and how they are interrelated. Within this framework, queer criticism interrogates the politics of representation and attempts to grasp the forces that determine the boundaries separating the visible from the invisible. A general survey of drama reveals the variations that define both a history of Queer Theater and its construction as a category. "Homosexual theater," firstly characterized by the trope of the closet, was subsequently developed by a gay and lesbian theater informed by the trope of the coming out. Although this distinction is in itself an epistemological effect, it provides basic markers and explains the emergence of Queer Theater. Rejecting moot issues spawned by identity politics, Queer Theater sets out to utilize strategies against normative impulses perpetuated by a monolithic conception of the subject. Thus, Queer Theater offers a crosspollination that runs counter to the predominance of binary oppositions on stage. It then delves into the reception and production modes and attempts to open up the closure of interpretations and meanings of the text in order to go beyond heteronormativity. The AIDS crisis accelerated this process by questioning the status of the body furthered as well by the practice of camp, pornography and S/M. These aspects of queer performance, made more complex due to their performative effects, illustrate the queer momentum. Queer Theater therefore is a determining force on the stage, both pointing to its limitations and signaling new paths to keep it alive and on the cutting edge
Descout, Emilie Céline. "Les groupes cubains à Miami, 1981-2001 : stratégies pour influencer l'opinion publique et la politique extérieure américaine envers Cuba." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE1067.
Full textSince the 1960s, Miami has become the home of the opposition groups to the Castro regime. The study of these groups from 1981 until 2001 shows that the two dominant opposition networks, that is to say the isolationists and the moderates, tried to have a political and media influence in four areas : the Cuban enclave of Miami, Cuba, the United States and the the transnational space. If the Cuban groups in Miami formed real networks and powerful lobbies, why couldn't they manage to destabilize the Castro regime ? The main hypothesis is that they couldn't form a strong opposition movement against Fidel Castro because they were divided by inner tensions that undermined the efficiency of their oppositional strategies
Berger, Laurence. "La structuration du système de santé aux États-Unis ou la difficile conciliation entre les forces du marché et l'interventionnisme fédéral." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030122.
Full textAt the beginning of the 21th century, health care reform seems to be one of the major issues at stake in contemporary social debates in the West, notably because of the enduring fears caused by demography and the increasing share of health expenditure in national budgets. In the US, the future of public health coverage programs and the fact that a sizeable proportion of the population is denied access to health care has proved to be a recurring theme in the political debate since the beginning of the 20th century. Immediately after being elected president in 1992, Bill Clinton made the introduction of a system of universal health coverage central to his priorities. However his initiative, which aimed at working out measures capable of conciliating seemingly antagonistic aims, namely the control of health expenditure and the extension of health coverage, ended in failure. The effort of cooperation between the private and public sectors advocated by the president, elicited only ephemereal support from the Americans, who are traditionally suspicious of attempts at extending the scope of federal power and also met the opposition of a well-organized coalition of interests sharing the same objectives. In order to throw light on the specificity of the issue of health coverage reform in the US, this research intends to go over the early stages of the development of the health care system from a historical and socio-political point of view. The main line of the study is based on the balancing act between market forces and federal interventionism, from the second half of the 19th century to the end of Bill Clinton's presidency in 2001
Wastable, Marielle. "Les États-Unis au lycée (1905-2004) : généalogie de la géographie des États-Unis en classe de terminale en France." Paris 1, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691557.
Full textLemaire, Janine. "Les Indiens citadins de l'agglomération de San Francisco dans une perspective nationale et régionale." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070038.
Full textThis PhD dissertation about the Native Americans residing in the urban area of San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose in California studies the living conditions of this community during the second half of the twentieth century. After a summary of the history of the Bay Area Indians until 1945, comes an analysis of the migration of reservation inhabitants towards this region in the 1950's and 1960's. Then the situation and the recent evolution of the metropolitan area Indians are described in the following fields : demography, residential patterns, economy, work, family, education, health, associations and ethnic events. The end of this study recalls the community's activism in the 1960's that led to the occupation of the Alcatraz Island
Seregni, Alessandro. "L' antiaméricanisme en Espagne, 1939-2004." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0044.
Full textThe anti-Americanism grew, developed and widened littIe by little, thanks to the incessant repetition and partial reworking (a kind of rumination) of old and new negatives images and clichés some of which are still existing -about the United States, and aIl that comes from, or represents, this country. This study analyzes the development and the role of anti-Americanism in Spain, especially during the first period of Franco's regime (years 1939-1953), the transition to democracy (1976-1986) and the first presidency of George W. Bush and the war in Irak (2000-2004). The first chapter examine the reasons, the nature and the meaning of this phenomenon
Gabilliet, Jean-Paul. "Le "comic book", objet culturel nord-américain." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30023.
Full textThis dissertation bears on the periodical comis strip magazines distributed in the united states and canada since the 1930's, aka comic books. The key contention of this research is that the comic book, as any cultural artifact, is posited at the core of a network of discourses and social practices whose interpretive potential is twofold; on the one hand, they emphasize a number of revealing features proper to the social environment in which comic books are produced, on the other, they are instrumental in accounting for the comic book's inferiour cultural status. The first part is a historical survey whose purpose is to lay down a periodization framework suitable for further analysis of the medium. The second part addresses the evolution of the comics industry's central mechanisms, is creative process and commercial distribution, since the 1930s. In the third part, comic book contents are looked into from four angles: the booklet as self-contained artifact (ads, readers' mail, etc); foremost genres (comics "for kids", superheroes); comic books as a means of propaganda and education; "obscene" comic books (pornography and violence). Finally, the fourth part deals with the economic, socialn and cultural background of the comic book's apparent inability to accede to any form of cultural legitimacy (general public's indifference, recurring if limited censorship, etc) despite tentative signs of assimilation into the cultural mainstream
Servian, Claudie. "Specificite de la danse americaine." Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO20056.
Full textReferring to the specificity of american dance seems rather simplistic in view of the various tendencies and the multiple styles that exist. American dance is a relatively recent art form, dating only from the start of the century. It has developed thanks to a number of individuals influenced by classical european dance, german expressionism and rhythmic gymnastics but, above all, by a desire to create a dance form adapted to america and the american people. American choreographers differ from their european counteparts in their desire to speak about their country and in their willingness to reflect the american mentality. The concept of specificity thus has something of the nature of a willingness to move away from the influences of european dance. The choreographic vocabulary used in europe in fact seems unadapted to america because it is outmoded and thus no longer valid. The american mentality, on the other hand, seeks new ways of expressing itself. In this way, moving beyond the realms of imitation and osmosis that exist between american and european dance, it is possible to find radical differences in the way americans use the concept of space, dynamics and the body. American choreographers concentrate essentially on composition and danced movement, attaching more importance to these ideas than to the meaning of the dance. American choreographers, who have a very individual approach to research into movement, can all be considered pioneers reaching out into unknown territory : each one strikes out in search of a new idea. They create a new form of dance, varied and sometimes eclectic, reflecting the mosaic that is america. The concept of specificity thus conceals an ideological nature beneath its theoretical exterior
Vermette, Marie-Ève. "Migrations mexicaines aux États-Unis : un regard historiographique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18052.
Full textMichelot, Vincent. "Les nominations à la cour suprême des Etats-Unis (1937-1987) : aspects politiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10079.
Full textRoesch, Laurent. "Le retour des "classes dangereuses" aux Etats-Unis : politique sociale et politisation de la loi et de l'ordre à New York, Philadelphie et Washington (1993-2003)." Metz, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006METZ002L.
Full textSince the 1960s, crime has become a major preoccupation in the United States. Blamed for violence in cities and compared to new “dangerous classes”, some groups are demonized by some of the media and disproportionately incarcerated. Starting in the 1980s, under the influence of a few conservative think tanks, the United States have moved towards a repressive penal State which benefits a number of private companies, and the social benefits obtained as part of the New Deal and Great Society programs have been gradually dismantled. Tough-on-crime policies and the welfare reform law passed by Congress in 1996 aim therefore at substituting welfare for a more repressive form of social control. In 1993, the fight against crime became a major electoral issue in New York and the new mayor made law and order and workfare his main goals. After analyzing the economic, social, and political contexts in New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D. C. , this doctoral dissertation compares policies aimed at assisting the poor and measures intended to fight crime in these three cities from 1993 to 2003. Despite a less favorable economic and social context, the mayors of Philadelphia and Washington, rather than adopting a zero tolerance policy on the New York model, opted for successful preventive community-oriented solutions. This study also shows that workfare policies imposed by Congress, which have been much more repressive in New York than in Philadelphia and Washington, have not significantly reduced poverty and social insecurity in spite of a favorable economic climate
Dubosclard, Alain. "L'action culturelle de la France aux Etat-Unis, de la première guerre mondiale à la fin des années 1960." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010677.
Full textBouchet, Sala Agnès. "Transmission et transformation identitaire, l'ambivalence du programme d'enseignement général à l'Université de Stanford (1920-1998)." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030170.
Full textCore requirements generally involve interdisciplinary study in humanities and sciences. Their aim is to provide a shared cultural heritage and intellectual experience for all undergraduate students at a particular institution. Therefore they inherently contribute to the building of a common identity. We studuy the cultural contents of four successive general education courses at Stanford University from 1920 to 1998, and give an insight on American identity in relation to its context of production. Our findings reveal a double process through which certain features of the American identity are preserved and others transformed, insuring social continuity as well as social change. Though this duality implies tensions, it is also a proof of American dynamism and adaptability to the needs of the society of a time. .
Imbert, Alain. "Nouvelles directions en peinture américaine : 1960-1990." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE2031.
Full textThe subject of this study is the issue of the evolution of american painting between the 60s and 80s in light of its pictorial practice. The work, in two parts, explains the sequence of events leading to the drastic upheaval of art at this time. It explains how the contributions of science and a general distrust of idealism transfer us from the essentialist concept of modernism (part i) to that of post-avant-garde (part ii) which is less preoccupied with the nature of art than with its function. Because american painting has played a major role in this evolution, the study tends to evaluate the influence of the singularity of american thought during this process. The method chosen for this evaluation consists of collating the analytic description of the works with the "deep" interpretation. This method is by no means exhaustive but is nevertheless significant. The analysis of the various movements and tendancies in this period is removed from the artists themselves so as to preserve a balance between the theoretical substrata of the works and that of their expressive value. This study would like to submit this epoch in american art, where the need for harmony has given way to a more complex yet potentially creative scientific approach, as the reflexion of the dualism of human nature; that of spirituality and materialism
Charollois, Louis. "Mémoires d'homme d'état américains : mémoire de l'Amérique ?" Bordeaux 3, 2009. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30039.
Full textOver the 20th Century, the memoirs of American Presidents have turned into a political common practice as well as unquestioned best sellers. The study of the memoirs will bring the question of the existence of a special link between the memoirs of American statesmen and the memory of America. We will mainly study four memoirs : two books drafted by Republican Presidents : Richard Nixon and George H. Bush and two others written by two Democrats: Lyndon B. Johnson and Jimmy Carter. Three parts will be needed : our first part will examine the permanent traits and similitudes between the memoirs. The second part will deal with the differences between the various books , which tend appear in the literary form as well as the content of the message delivered: some writers tell about their whole life starting from their childhood whiles others only explain the years spent as a political leader. The third and last part will examine the historical perspective of the memoirs: even if some historians tend to question the validity of such books, other political observers rely on them and the effort made by the writers to deliver proper and quite objective messages have to underlined
Péréon, Yves-Marie. "L'image de la France dans la presse américaine, 1936-1947." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010599.
Full textLoeffel, Béatrice. "La Workers Defence League : étude d'une organisation de défense des travailleurs aux États-Unis, 1936-1985." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070131.
Full textFounded by the american socialist party in 1936, the workers defense league centered its efforts around two poles : help the trade unions in their efforts to obtain both the recognition of the employers and the government, as well as legal protection on the one hand ; on the other hand, help the individual worker against infringements of his rights. The workers defense league also played a role in the civil rights movement, as well as in the fight for the portection of the homeless in recent years
Hamadouche, Seltana. "Les groupe d'intérêt public américains : étendue et limites d'un contre-pouvoir." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30028.
Full textThe study of public interest groups highlights a political reality: American politics turns around a certain number of powers relating to three axes: business groups, governmental agencies and public interest groups. However, this category of groups and the “public interest movement” which represents them, remain little studied despite their impact. This thesis focuses on the analysis of this movement; by means of a historical study and an empirical analysis based on a sample of eight public interest groups, we want to demonstrate the necessity of this movement in the political system without forgetting its importance or disregarding its limits
Cohen, James. "Légitimité et colonialisme : Puerto Rico et les Etats-Unis, de 1898 au présent." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010546.
Full textThis study examines the colonial relation between puerto rico and the united states. Three major periods are covered: the first colonial regime (1900-1917); the crisis of the 1930s and its resolution in the 40s; and the current commonwealth status. Processes and problems of legitimation are considered in each period. The study further examines puerto rico's modern history in the light of different theories of development. Finaly, the question of the puerto rican cultural identity is explored, both in itself and as a stake in politics. The conclusion deals with the peculiar conditions under which political pluralism exists in the puerto rican colonial context
Khazaz, Abdelhafid. "Les groupes de pression aux etats-unis, 1945-1985." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030231.
Full textThere is a myriad of pressure groups in the united states, operating on behalf of a multitude of interests. They converge their pressure on every stage of the political process, helped in that by the fragmentation of the political system and the separation of power that characterizes the american political institutions. Interest groups' access to the political decision-making threatens to make of the united states a nation impossible to govern. It also confronts the american politicians with two major problems. On the one hand, interest representation increases incoherence and contradiction in national policy implementation and sometimes blocks the political process. On the other hand, it undermines the government's credibility and its legitimacy. Furthermore, it emphasizes the undemocratic nature of private representation. In this study, we offer an answer, to these problems, advocating the strengthening of american political parties which have been overwhelmed by interest groups. Concentrating policy implementation and defining national priorities at the highest level of party hierarchy, will reduce the impact of big money on congressmen's political behaviour and curtail the problem of policy incoherence and contradiction due to interest groups'activities. Such restoration of strong political parties will also enhance public electoral participation
Antoine, Michel. "Affiliation à un syndicat d'enseignants américain : procédure et idéologie." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040143.
Full textAmerican teachers have acted as pioneers as regards union representation rights for public employees. However, in the early 1980s they were placed in many different circumstances as to the exercise of such rights. Depending on the state in which they worked, on the level at which they taught and on the public or private status of their schools, some teachers had no union rights while others were obliged to join a union. Besides, the procedure for forming a local union was in many cases so heavy that it overshadowed the ideological dimension of unionization. This dissertation is divided into three parts. The first one traces the evolution of American teachers' organizations and of the organizing process from an ideological point of view. The second one uses the example of Lycée français de New York from 1981 to 1985 to study the complexities of the certification procedure which teachers in private institutions had to follow at that time. The third one analyzes Albert Shanker's weekly columns in the New York Times to comprehend the ideas put forward by the American Federation of Teachers, a public school teachers' union which also organizes private school teachers on a small scale
Rivenc, Rachel. "Made in L. A. : the role of materials and processes in the birth of West Coast Minimalism : and implications for its conservation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS040S.
Full textIn the 1960s, a group of Los Angeles based artists embarked on a reductive process that led to the creation of a distinct aesthetic, often referred to as West Coast Minimalism. The use of innovative materials and processes, often borrowed from the industrial world has been a critical element of their artistic innovation. This doctoral thesis focuses on the use of materials and processes by four pioneers of West Coast Minimalism, Larry Bell, Robert Irwin, Craig Kauffman and John McCracken. The thesis contends that materials and processes played a crucial role in prompting these artists to transition from paintings to objects that were hybrid painting – sculpture, and in making their practice an avant-garde one. The thesis also demonstrates their intimate and first-hand involvement with their process and suggest that this should be taken into account when deciding how to approach the conservation of their work
Martel, Frédéric. "De la culture en Amérique : politique publique, philanthropie privée et intérêt général dans le système culturel américain." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0083.
Full textIn order to analyze the complexity of the « American cultural system », this PhD dissertation begins in Part I (“Government of the arts”) with the role of the government following the creation of the federal arts agencies, examines the decline of these agencies, and deciphers the “cultural politics” (“politiques de la culture”) of subsequent American administrations to the present day. At the same time, the role of state and local governments is analyzed within the context of the decentralized mechanisms of arts funding. By this point, the limited role of the public sector becomes more comprehensible, for reasons that include the democratic ideal itself. In Part II (“Society and the arts”), this dissertation looks at philanthropy, foundations and the important role of universities play in the arts. Through hundreds of archival documents (among 434 as appendices) and more than seven hundred interviews in 35 states and 110 American cities, the American cultural model” appears in all its singularity and complexity, largely “nonprofit”, neither dependent on the state, nor truly influenced by the market
Pujoll, Claude J. "De la nouvelle frontière à la grande société : une étude de la lutte contre la pauvreté sous la présidence de John F. Kennedy et Lyndon B. Johnson." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30034.
Full textThe purpose of the research has been 1) to study the historical causes which led to the situation prevalent in 1961-68 as well as the extent of poverty in the united states; 2) to examine in depth the war on poverty declared by president kennedy and pursued by president johnson, and to explore the scope and nature of the law applicable to the poor within the constitution, primarily as that law is found in welfare codes, statutes, ordinances, programs and administrations, and to report the efforts being made by the federal, state and local governments to assist the poor; 3) to provide a critical review of the rules and procedures, doctrines and presuppositions of the law applicable to the poor within the framework of the economic opportunity act of 1964. Suggestions for improving existing systems of assistance and for entirely new ones have also been discussed
Martin-Breteau, Nicolas. "Corps politiques : sport et combat civiques des Africains-Américains à Washington, D.C., et Baltimore (v. 1890 - v. 1970)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0097.
Full textThis dissertation explores the role of sport in the struggles for dignity, equality and rights of the African American communities of Washington, D. C. , and Baltimore between the 1890s and the 1960s. Its aim is to explain how athletics constituted a means of political action seeking to counter racial prejudices on the "natural" inferiority of the black body which legitimized its social oppression. The public display of the dignity of the black body functioned as a claim of symbolic equality, compensating for the relative privation of speech endured by African Americans as they were exduded from the civic community. Since the end of Reconstruction, African American elites have promoted sport as a central element of the perfectionist tactics of "racial uplift" in order to integrate the national community. The main objective of this study is thus to establish how African American political struggles have had the body as place and stake, using sport as a performative means for uplifting individuals' bodies and achieving collective emancipation
Galan, Jean-François. "Les Français face à l'élection présidentielle américaine (1932-1956)." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120102.
Full textIn the eyes of the french people the presidential elections shapes, moulds and colours american political life. From 1932 to 1944 the doubts, the apprehension but also the hopes inspired by the american political life were reflected in franklin d. Roosevelt. During these twelwe years the republican party never secured a personality that could be entrusted with bringing them to power. From 1948 to 1956, the american presidential elections takes on particular importance. The cold war destroyed the traditional support enjoyed by the democrati candidates. Nevertheless, the party of truman and stevenson usually embodies the hopes placed in the united states. During these decades, american institutions have never ceased arousing curiosity. Even though political life would have been observed with the highest interest, democracy in practice appeared far from being perfect
Wadlow, Justin S. "Sound + Vision : scène musicale et scène artistique à New York,1967-1984." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0010.
Full textStarting with the mid seventies, New York City is in ruin, facing bankruptcy, at the same time this situation allows many artists to move in the abandoned lofts and give birth to what we can describe as the downtown art scene : bringing together pop art and pop music, following in the footsteps of Andy Warhol and The Velvet Underground. Our aim is therefore to answer the following questions : to what extent can Lou Reed or Patti Smith's pictures be considered as part of a wider form of expression involving music, stage and poetry ; how does David Byrne transpose Art & Language into the music of his band Talking Heads, how does Arta Lindsay manage to continue the work of Fluxus, how does Joe Coleman or GG Allin give a new meaning to happenings, how can Kim Gordon invent a form of feminist expression by putting together video, painting and rock; how does the Cinema of Transgression devised by Nick Zedd and Richard Kern influence feminist artists as Karen Finley and Lydia Lunch ? In little more than a decade, the art world in New York therefore moved from rages to riches, from the CBGB and The Lower East Side to Wall Street, before moving nowadays to Brooklyn
Crignon, Cyril. "Le "dripping" de Jackson Pollock et le "zip" de Barnett Newman : les deux pôles de construction du lieu dans la peinture "à l'américaine" : pour une approche philosophique de la question." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010521.
Full textDevienne, Elsa. "Des plages dans la ville : une histoire sociale et environnementale du littoral de Los Angeles (1920-1972)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0092.
Full textThis dissertation explores the history of the Los Angeles shoreline and, more specifically, the city's famous beaches, from the 1920s through the early 1970s. I examine Los Angeles beaches not only as tourist attractions, but as urban spaces. Indeed, as vast public accommodations which attracted millions of people every year, the beaches generated heated debates regarding their development, accessibility, policing, and racial segregation. Contributing to environmental, cultural and social history, this dissertation takes into account the multiple historical actors - engineers, scientists, urban planners, local officials and homeowners - who attempted to transform and regulate the beaches according to competing visions, as well as the ordinary men and women who claimed their right to occupy and appropriate this space. My conclusions are divided into three main categories. First, I demonstrate that the beaches of Los Angeles are today mostly artificial; between the 1930s and the 1960s, the beaches were vastly enlarged thanks to the development of new techniques. Second, I show that the beaches were a place where the traditional social and racial hierarchies could momentarily be challenged. However, the postwar modernization of the beaches and the surrounding neighborhoods led to the eviction of the so-called undesirable public from the shores. Third, the beaches were the birthplace of multiple subcultures which contributed to the emergence and diffusion of new values and bodily norms, whether at the beach or in the city
Allner, Michel. "L'Armée du Salut : église, armée, oeuvre sociale : l'adaptation d'une institution victorienne aux cultures nord-américaine et française au XXe siècle." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070098.
Full textThe first part of the thesis describes and explains the origin of this evangelical movement, born amidst the industrial squalor of industrial england and shaped by the powerful personalities of catherine and william booth. We thus witness the rise of the two main facades of the pioneering salvation army -- the religous and the military -- and the later development of a third identity, the social mission, perceived as a means of conversion rather than as an end in itself. The second part of the thesis concerns the salvation army in the united states : its "gypsy" beginnings ; the development of a strong american identity through its social and colonial projects, and thanks to its participation in imperialistic ventures and military campaigns ; its reinforced social, patriotic and conservative identities during the great depression and the second world war ; and its new social and community programs, and financial strategies since 1945. The third part concerns salvationism in france. Despite a rather hostile political, cultural and religious context, there again it is the social and patriotic services which, in the eyes of the authorities and of public opinion, legitimized the salvation army. Since the 1960s, despite a tendency for the work to stagnate, the army is more efficeint in its media strategy and public relations, and salvationists enjoy remarkable leeway in their individual initiatives. The last part of the thesis analyzes different aspects of the salvationist institution in contemporary society. First, we study the steps which lead to becoming a salvationist, as well as the personal and professional options which the organization imposes on its officers. We also examine salvationist positions on the ethical issues in contemporary society and reform movements within the army since world war II. This allows us to define the salvation army's current religious and military identities, and to emphasize the great hope represented by the vast human ressources of the third world
Mambou, Elie. "La Diaspora africaine aux États-Unis de 1960 à nos jours : intégration et/ou assimilation ?" Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2003/document.
Full textAre African migrants to the United States integrated? Are they assimilated? Both? What is their place exactly in American society, notably in regards to WASPs? To answer those questions this research work attempts to define the notions of integration and assimilation and looks at the birth and the sociohistorical context of African immigration to the U.S. With the help of the available bibliography, official statistics, an original poll and personal interviews it observes the causes of immigration and the different categories of African migrants, according to geographical, social, religious, etc. origins, then according to their activities in the U.S. (notably taking into account the “brain drain,” ethnic business…). The extent and strategies of economic, social, political then cultural integration are studied, as well as the extent and strategies of linguistic and cultural assimilation. To conclude, the perspectives of African migrants in the U.S. are examined
Sourisce, Nicolas. "La presse ethnique et l'étude des réseaux diasporiques : exemples de communautés juives américaines." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040245.
Full textInside the American Jewish press, man can see two ways of what being Jewish means, today, in America. The first one is connected with neighbourhood; but according to the main American Jewish institutions, the Jewish identity must have other territorial marks: the United States of America, Israel, and all the countries of the Diaspora. Studying the American Jewish press allows, then, in order to underscore a new geography of the American Jews' identity. Its deliveries make ethnic press to be a judicious residential indication. The cartography of the adverts and editorials is also a cultural and economic indication. There is therefore an ambiguity in the American Jewish identity structure: to the fighting as a group, in order to maintain a dynamic cultural and political Diaspora network, answer more individualistic political behaviours, which are basic American ones. On the one hand, the Jewish cultural specificity survival; on the other hand, the assimilation process
Palmiste, Claire. "L'adoption d'enfants autochtones par des familles blanches aux États-Unis : Origines et conséquences." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0292.
Full textThe removal of South-Eastern tribes, the criteria that define enrolment, urbanization and the boarding school systems represented what Rapahel Lemkin called: “a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the group themselves”. Theses actions impacted on Native communities, as they were deprived of their children. For from being the consequences of colonialism, the transracial adoption of Native children can be viewed as the continuity of a genocide that started with territorial expansion. Funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and managed by the Child Welfare League of America, the Indian Adoption Project which initially purported to place 395 Native children in white families encouraged adoption agencies to carry out these adoptions nationwide. In 1968, the Association on American Indian Affairs denounced that situation, bringin evidences that Native children were discriminated owing to the per capita rate of removal. In 1978, Congress voted the Indian Child Welfare Act, in order to protect the interest of the tribes and the children. It demands that Native children be placed in their communities in priority. Some States refuse to comply with the law, putting forward the concept of the “existing family doctrine”. It suggests that cultural links are more important than blood links. Our study shows a curb in the removal of Native children from 2000-2003, but the foster care placements in Minnesota are still high. The high rate of placements could be explained by family instability
Benard, Véronique. "Rappels et retraits de produits dangereux vendus au public : l'expérience américaine." Paris 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA03A015.
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