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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Flores Fernández, Evelin Margarita, and Luzmila Sofía Álvarado Ysasis. "Ciclo celular por Gram y tinción de fluorescencia modificada en bacterias con aspecto morfotintorial semejante a Neisseria gonorrhoeae aisladas de muestras perianales y uretrales." Nova 7, no. 11 (June 15, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/24629448.414.

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Se evaluó el ciclo celular por Gram y tinción de fluorescencia modificada en bacterias aisladas de muestras perianales y uretrales, con observación en frotis de diplococcus Gram negativos o diplococcus anaranjados fluorescentes y cultivo negativo para <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em>, de pacientes que acudieron a la consulta ITS-SIDA del ambulatorio “Dr. Arquímedes Fuentes Serrano”, Cumaná, Venezuela, con el objetivo de mostrar que en las bacterias aisladas, las características morfotintoriales por Gram y fluorescencia semejantes a diplococos, están asociadas al ciclo celular. Se hizo estudio microscópico del ciclo celular, a partir de cultivos sincrónicos a intervalos de tiempo de 5 minutos por 2 horas, tomando alícuotas, fijando en etanol, realizando extendidos y coloreando con Gram y fluorescencia.<p>Se identificó <em>Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Streptococcus </em>b-hemolítico grupo no A-no B y <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>. Los cocos Gram positivos fueron los que expresaron características morfotintoriales de diplococcusGram negativos. <em>Streptococcus </em>b-hemolítico de 0-15 min, <em>E. faecalis </em>de 60-80 min, <em>S. saprophyticus </em>a los 10y 35, <em>S. epidermidis </em>a los 0,15, 20, 35, 40, 70, 90 y 95 min. Los <em>Staphylococcus </em>por fluorescencia, ademásde visualizarse como diplococcus anaranjados fluorescentes, se observaron verdes y amarillos. El colorvarío cíclicamente, iniciando como amarillo, pasando por anaranjado y luego verde. <em>S. saprophyticus </em>de40-120 min se obsevaron amarillos fluorescentes. <em>S. epidermidis </em>aún a los 50, 60 y 65 min se visualizaroncomo diplococcus anaranjados fluorescentes. Se concluye que los cocos Gram positivos presentan fase dediplococcus Gram negativos y anaranjados fluorescentes en su ciclo celular.</p>
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2

YAMAGUCHI, KEIZO. "Penicillin resistant Diplococcus pneumoniae." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 85, no. 2 (1996): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.85.292.

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3

Grafe, A. "100 Jahre Diplococcus pneumoniae." Naturwissenschaften 73, no. 12 (December 1986): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00399240.

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4

Kurtyak, B. M., M. S. Romanovych, T. O. Pundyak, L. V. Romanovych, G. V. Sobko, and М. М. Romanovych. "Conditional pathogenic microflora and its role in the eithiology of acute digestion disorders with features of diarrhea of newborned calves." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (March 2, 2018): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8361.

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The problem of treatment of acute digestive disorders with signs of diarrhea in calves remains relevant and important, as there are no sufficiently effective drugs, including antimicrobial effects. The low effectiveness of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents and therapies in the vast majority of farms dictates the need to find new drugs. The purpose of our work was to study the significance of opportunistic microorganisms in the etiology of calving diarrhea. The research was conducted at farms of Lviv and Volyn regions. The incidence of newborn calves with acute digestive disorders with signs of diarrhea ranged from 36.8 to 100%, and mortality ranged from 17.4 to 30.8%. Bacteriological study was subjected to patmaterial from 20 dead calves at the age of 1–7 days. In this case, 88 cultures have been isolated from the internal organs, mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, brain, walls and intestines. According to the culture – morphological properties, the cultures were classified into the following species: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Diplococcus capsulatus, Clostridium perfringens. In the bacteriological study of all microorganisms isolated - Diplococcus capsulatus 29.5%, Escherichia coli 30.7%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19.3%, Clostridium perfringens 11.4%, Proteus vulgaris 9.1%. Out of the 14 households, the causes of the disease of calves with acute gastrointestinal disorders in 35.7% of cases were certain opportunistic pathogens (Escherichia coli, Diplococcus capsulatus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Proteus vulgaris). In most farms (64.28%), the disease was caused by association (2, 3 and more) types of microbes. The pathogenic properties of the isolated cultures were tested on white mice. In determining the pathogenicity of isolated cultures from dead calves on white mice, the most pathogenic were microorganisms of the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Experimental mice (42.0%) died within 6–12 hours after infection. Highly pathogenic were mixed cultures of E. coli, diplococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which killed 58.0% of infected mice 24–48 hours after infection. This indicates an increase in the pathogenic properties of microorganisms in the association. In order not to allow the passage of conditionally pathogenic microflora, it is necessary to adhere to the sanitary regime in dispensaries and maternity departments, and the terms of disinfection with variable sectional retention.
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5

Aristovsky, V. "To the etiology of measles." Kazan medical journal 20, no. 2 (August 11, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj76317.

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6

Ann Wiebe, Ghita, Sergio Fanella, Jens Wrogemann, Carrie Daymont, and Mubeen Rafay. "Diffuse Bacterial Meningitis and Myelitis Secondary to a Diplococcus Organism." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.317.

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7

Feinberg, B. "Gonorrhea in little girls." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 7, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd7183-85.

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Since then, as vulvo-vaginitis in young girls began to manifest itself both epidemic and endemic, special attention has been paid to this disease. The first was Pott (1883), who pointed out that this disease is based on infection with tripe poison, vaccinated by mothers or close relatives; later and other authors: Widmark, Csri, Frnkel, and in recent times Prochownik, Pott, Dusch and Spaeth found diplococcus in the genital area of such girls, very similar to Neisser's gonococcus.
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8

Káňová, E., I. Jiménez-Munguía, Ľ. Čomor, Z. Tkáčová, I. Širochmanová, K. Bhide, and M. Bhide. "The Role of Meningococcal Porin B in Protein-Protein Interactions with Host Cells." Folia Veterinaria 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2018-0008.

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Abstract Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative diplococcus responsible for bacterial meningitis and fatal sepsis. Ligand-receptor interactions are one of the main steps in the development of neuroinvasion. Porin B (PorB), neisserial outer membrane protein (ligand), binds to host receptors and triggers many cell signalling cascades allowing the meningococcus to damage the host cells or induce immune cells responses via the TLR2-dependent mechanisms. In this paper, we present a brief review of the structure and function of PorB.
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9

Yin, Charles, and Jeffrey Law. "Community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly." University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 84, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v84i2.4296.

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), most often caused by infection with the Gram-positive diplococcus Streptococcus pneumoniae, remains a leading cause of death in Canada amongst the elderly. With an aging population in Canada, CAP will soon be a significant challenge to the healthcare system in this country. In this article, we review the characteristics of CAP in the elderly, including its epidemiology, etiology and clinical features. We then provide an overview and history of pneumococcal vaccines and present current recommendations for S pneumoniae vaccination in Canada.
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10

Koval, Iryna, and Amir Hajiali. "Cavitation action on the cocci bacteria." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2020.206.

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Features of growth of microorganisms on a nutrient medium and their microscopic researches were studied. Cavitation treatment (22 kHz, 91 W, 1.65 W/сm3) of water with the simultaneous action of bubbled inert gases (argon and helium) on the viability of microbial cells (Diplococcus and Sarcina) are presented. The highest water disinfection was obtained for water samples with Sarcina lutea cells for both used gases under cavitation conditions. Both investigated types of cocci bacteria were destroyed faster under Ar/US-action after comparison of the effectiveness of the gas nature action on the water disinfection.
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11

Koval, I. Z. "Рredominant microflora of natural and wastewaters of Lviv region." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2020.02.121.

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Quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms have been determined by the microbiological methods of the analysis of natural waters and industrial wastewater. It is shown that the dominant microflora of the studied waters are Diplococcus, Sarcina, Bacillus, Pseudomonas bacteria types, blue-green algae of Oscillatoria types, as well as Saccharomyces yeast types. Morphological, physiological and cultural characteristics of colonies grown on nutrient media were studied to identify microorganisms. The growth pattern of colonies of microorganisms on meat-peptone agar (for bacteria) and wort-agar (for yeast) in a Petri dish is shown.
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12

Ariza-Prota, Miguel Angel, Ana Pando-Sandoval, Marta García-Clemente, David Fole-Vázquez, and Pere Casan. "Community-AcquiredMoraxella catarrhalisBacteremic Pneumonia: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Pulmonology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5134969.

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Moraxella(formerlyBranhamella)catarrhaliswas discovered at the end of the nineteenth century, and for many decades it was considered to be a harmless commensal of the upper respiratory tract. It is a Gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus considered to be the third most common pathogen isolated in childhood sinusitis and otitis media and in adult chronic lower respiratory disease, as well as an etiological agent of pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients or those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Moraxella catarrhalispneumonia is rarely associated with bacteremia. Here, we present two cases of community-acquiredMoraxella catarrhalisbacteremic pneumonia.
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13

Makino, Herica, Alessandra Tammy Hayakawa Ito De Sousa, Lucas Avelino Dandolini Pavelegini, Yolanda Paim Arruda Trevisan, Edson Moleta Colodel, Valéria Régia Franco Sousa, Valéria Dutra, and Luciano Nakazato. "Pneumonia in Cats associated with Neisseria sp." Acta Veterinaria 71, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0018.

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Abstract Neisseria sp. is a Gram-negative diplococcus bacterium usually present on the mucosal surfaces of animals without causing an obvious pathology. The objective of this study was to report the isolation of Neisseria sp. from severe cases of pyogranulomatous pneumonia with the formation of a Splendore-Hoeppli structure in two cats treated at a veterinary hospital. This paper suggests that the Neisseria genus members may be involved in lower respiratory tract infections in cats, with the molecular diagnosis being a necessary method for the correct identification of this bacteria in animals.
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14

Fukuda, Michiko N. "Isolation and characterization of a new endo-.beta.-galactosidase from Diplococcus pneumoniae." Biochemistry 24, no. 9 (April 1985): 2154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00330a008.

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15

Khemees, Tariq A., Brian S. Porshinsky, Abhishek P. Patel, and Christopher D. McClung. "Fournier’s Gangrene in a Heterosexual Man: A Complication ofNeisseria meningitidisUrethritis." Case Reports in Urology 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/312365.

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A 55-year-old heterosexual male presented to the emergency department with a symptomatology consistent with urethritis and Fournier’s gangrene. Urethral swab and operative tissue cultures were positive for coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusand an intracellular Gram-negative diplococcus. The latter was initially thought to beNeisseria gonorrhea; however, DNA sequencing technique confirmed it to beNeisseria meningitidis. The patient required three separate surgical debridements to control widespread necrotizing infection. Following documentation of sterile wound healing with appropriate antibiotics, four reconstructive surgeries were necessary to manage the resultant wound defects. To our knowledge,Neisseria meningitidisas a causative organism in Fournier’s gangrene has not been reported in the literature.
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16

Sano, Naoto, Satoshi Matsunaga, Tomonori Akiyama, Yukari Nakashima, Koji Kusaba, Zenzo Nagasawa, Shunzo Koizumi, Masaaki Goto, and Hiroshi Miyamoto. "Moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia associated with prosthetic vascular graft infection." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.013789-0.

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Moraxella catarrhalis, formerly called Branhamella catarrhalis, ‘Neisseria catarrhalis’ or ‘Micrococcus catarrhalis’, is a Gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus frequently found as a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract. Over the last 20–30 years, this bacterium has emerged as a genuine pathogen, and is now considered an important cause of otitis media in children and an aetiological agent in pneumonia in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, bacteraemia due to M. catarrhalis has rarely been reported. Presented here is a case of M. catarrhalis bacteraemia associated with prosthetic vascular graft infection along with a review of the relevant literature.
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17

Asmawati, Asmawati. "The harbor of microorganism on used toothbrushes Kandungan organisme mikro pada sikat gigi yang telah digunakan." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v10i2.258.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microorganisms found on used toothbrushes. In this study 25toothbrushes were investigated, 10 toothbrushes were used less than 3 months, 10 toothbrushes have been used for3-6 months, and 5 toothbrushes have been used for more than 6 months. Some gram-positive coccus, such asStaphylococcus, Streptococcus and Diplococcus. The results showed there were microbial harbored of usedtoothbrushes. Toothbrushes that have been used for 6 months were harbored more microorganisms than thetoothbrushes that have been used less than 3 months and 3-6 months. It can be concluded that the longer using timeof toothbrush the more increase of microorganism amount found on toothbrush.
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18

Lachant, Daniel, and David Trawick. "Meningococcemia Presenting as a Myocardial Infarction." Case Reports in Critical Care 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/953826.

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Neisseria meningitidisis an encapsulated gram negative diplococcus that colonizes the nasopharynx and is transmitted by aerosol or secretions with the majority of cases occurring in infants and adolescents. Meningococcemia carries a high mortality which is in part due to myocarditis. Early recognition and prompt use of antibiotics improve morbidity and mortality. We report a 55-year-old male presenting to the emergency department with chest pain, shortness of breath, and electrocardiogram changes suggestive of ST elevation MI who developed cardiogenic shock and multisystem organ failure fromN. meningitidis. We present this case to highlight the unique presentation of meningococcemia, the association with myocardial dysfunction, and the importance of early recognition and prompt use of antibiotics.
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19

Dmitriev, A. "To the biology of gonococcus." Kazan medical journal 25, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80568.

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Nagell and Danielsen (Derm. Ztsch. Bd. 56, H. 1, 29), on the basis of five-year observations, consider gonococcs to be strictly gram-negative, pathogenic only to humans. Gonococci are peculiar to various sugars (ferment glucose). Finally, after testing the preparation Gonovitan (the preparation was recently proposed in Germany as containing live gonococcs and recommended by a number of doctors for use. Ref.), We found that Gonovitan No. 1, 81 contained a culture of micrococcus cat., No. 82 is a closely related species of microbe to micr. cat. and No. 100 contained Lingelsheim's diplococcus muc. The authors do not recommend using the vaccine with "live gonococcs" as it does not contain the named type of microbe.
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20

Jumardin, Jumardin, Fathurrahman Fathurrahman, Indrianto Kadekoh, and Andi Ete. "EKSPLORASI MIKROBA EPIFIT, ENDOFIT DAN RIZOSFER DARI BERBAGAI SUMBER PADI GOGO DI KECAMATAN KULAWI KABUPATEN SIGI." Jurnal Agrotech 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31970/agrotech.v8i2.22.

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Exploration carried out in the filosphere area (leaves) and rhizosphere area (roots) in upland rice plants to get the type of microbes that have potential that can be utilized as biological fertilizer sources, such as N2 fastening microbes, plant growth microbes or phosphate solvent microbial as well as those acting as natural enemies. The research was conducted by location survey method. Determination of location is done by purposive sampling, which is the location of upland rice cultivated by farmers in Kulawi District. The results showed that 10 isolates were isolated from epiphytic and endophytic microbes and endophytes. Morphological tests showed differences in color, shape, elevation, edge, texture and size and the coloring test showed that the bacteria had Coccus cell forms, Bacill, Diplococcus and Semi-Bacillus.
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21

Koval, I. Z., V. N. Kislenko, V. L. Starchevskii, and L. I. Shevchuk. "The effect of carbon dioxide on the viability of bacteria of Bacillus and Diplococcus genera." Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology 34, no. 2 (April 2012): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1063455x12020075.

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22

Bardales, R. M., and V. P. Bhavanandan. "Transglycosylation and transfer reaction activities of endo-α-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase from Diplococcus (Streptococcus) pneumoniae." Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, no. 33 (November 1989): 19893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47194-9.

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23

F., Babokh, Dahchem M., El Aassri S., Debbagh F., Lamrani Elhanchi A., Salama T., El Fezzazi R., and Soraa N. "PRIMARY MENINGOCOCCAL ARTHRITIS: A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13973.

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Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative diplococcus often associated with invasive infections such as meningitis and fulminant sepsis. primary meningococcal septic arthritis (PMSA) is extremely rare. Diagnosis should be prompt and is based on isolation of the germ from synovial fluid or blood culture. This observation reports the case of a 6 -year- old girl who presented to the pediatric emergency room with a painful right knee associated with fever and purpuric spots. The neurological examination was strictly normal with no signs of meningeal involvement. Arthrotomy and drainage were performed. The cytobacteriological examination of the synovial fluid allowed the isolation of a strain of N. meningitidis sensitive to ceftriaxone on culture media. Intravenous antibiotic therapy was then started. The patient improved after adequate treatment. Conclusion: This observation illustrates an unusual presentation of Neisseria meningitidis infections. Prompt bacteriological diagnosis and early treatment combining antibiotics and joint drainage prevented complications in this patient.
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24

Boel, Edwin, Hester Bootsma, John de Kruif, Margriet Jansze, Karin L. Klingman, Hans van Dijk, and Ton Logtenberg. "Phage Antibodies Obtained by Competitive Selection on Complement-Resistant Moraxella (Branhamella)catarrhalis Recognize the High-Molecular-Weight Outer Membrane Protein." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.1.83-88.1998.

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ABSTRACT We used competitive panning to select a panel of 10 different human antibodies from a large semisynthetic phage display library that distinguish between serum complement-resistant and complement-sensitive strains of the gram-negative diplococcus Moraxella(Branhamella) catarrhalis. Western blotting analyses and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that all phage antibodies were directed against the same or closely spaced epitopes on the target protein, which is the high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein (HMW-OMP) of M. catarrhalis. HMW-OMP was found in multiple isolates of complement-resistant but not complement-sensitive M. catarrhalis strains. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that the immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain variable-region genes encoding the 10 phage antibodies were remarkably similar, with a strong preference for basic amino acid residues in the heavy-chain CDR3 regions. This is the first report showing that competitive panning is a successful procedure to obtain phage antibodies against differentially expressed structures on phenotypically dissimilar strains of prokaryotic cells.
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25

Burhannuddin, Burhannuddin. "IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI Neisseria gonorrhoeae TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK SEFIKSIM PADA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI PUSKESMAS II DENPASAR SELATAN." Meditory : The Journal of Medical Laboratory 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33992/m.v9i1.1306.

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Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhea infection varies greatly in the community, especially in sexually active women. Infection cases in women are often asymptomatic, that can causes complication can easily occur. The aims of this study are to identify and determine sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria against cefixime antibiotics. This study was using a descriptive method and used 30 samples. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolatd from the vaginal swab sample of Commercial Sex Workers at Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan. The cultured bacteria on Thayer Martin media were then identified by gram staining, oxidase test, and catalase test. Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitivity test against cefixime was performed by disc diffusion method. The results of identification showed that 6 (20 %) of 30 samples were Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria with cell characteristics in the form of diplococcus, gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive. The results of the sensitivity test showed that all isolats of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were resistant to cefixime
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Borkowski, Julia, Horst Schroten, and Christian Schwerk. "Interactions and Signal Transduction Pathways Involved during Central Nervous System Entry by Neisseria meningitidis across the Blood–Brain Barriers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 8788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228788.

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The Gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus, exclusively infects humans and can cause meningitis, a severe disease that can lead to the death of the afflicted individuals. To cause meningitis, the bacteria have to enter the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing one of the barriers protecting the CNS from entry by pathogens. These barriers are represented by the blood–brain barrier separating the blood from the brain parenchyma and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers at the choroid plexus and the meninges. During the course of meningococcal disease resulting in meningitis, the bacteria undergo several interactions with host cells, including the pharyngeal epithelium and the cells constituting the barriers between the blood and the CSF. These interactions are required to initiate signal transduction pathways that are involved during the crossing of the meningococci into the blood stream and CNS entry, as well as in the host cell response to infection. In this review we summarize the interactions and pathways involved in these processes, whose understanding could help to better understand the pathogenesis of meningococcal meningitis.
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27

Nurhasanah, Arba’i Kartini, and Faturrahman Faturrahman. "Komunitas Bakteri pada Saluran Pencernaan Lobster Mutiara (Panulirus ornatus)." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v5i1.100.

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The presence of microbial communities in the digestive tract affects the physiological functions of digestion. The purpose of this study is to determine the bacterial community in the digestive tract of lobsters, especially pearl lobsters. This research is descriptive explorative. Samples were taken from the lobster digestive tract which was divided into 3, namely the cardiac, pylorus and intestinal sections and each part was counted for the total bacteria using the TPC (Total Plate Count) method. Then isolated from the Sea Water Complex media and partially characterized. The results showed that the total number of bacterial cells in cardiac, piloric and intestinal cells were 41.91 x 108 cfu.ml-1, 18.26 x 108 cfu.ml-1 and 14.10 x 108 cfu.ml-1 respectively. The number of bacterial isolates obtained from the lobster pearl digestive tract were 51 isolates with details of 18 cardiac isolates, 16 isolates in piloric, and 17 isolates in the intestine. Phenotypic isolates obtained from lobster digestive tract bacteria consisted of monococcus 37.25%, diplococcus 27.45%, streptococcus 29.41%, staphylococcus 1.96%, and long baccil 3.92%, while gram positive 62.65 % and gram negative at 37.25%
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28

Harningtyas, Citra Dwi. "Administration of Oral Therapy For Gonorrheal Urethritis Patients With Local Complications In Men: Case Reports." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v3i3.6055.

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Urethritis gonorrhea is the most prevalent venereal disease today and can be found all over the world. Timeliness of treatment, correct selection of drugs with adequate doses can eliminate infections that affect the individual, prevent the development of complications, prevent further transmission and avoid germ resistance. This article reports, 24-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of gonore urethritis who came to polyclinic Skin and Veneral at Hospital Syaiful Anwar Malang. Patients come with complaints of pus out of the genitals without itching. Patients also complain of pain during urination, as well as urinating in small volume and often. On examination of external urethra urifisium area obtained ectropion, purulent discharge, and hyperemia macula. There is a lump and duh at the tip of the genitalia caused by inflammation of the paraurethral glands. From the investigation found diplococcus bacteria Gram negative intrasellular PMN. The causative therapy given is a single oral dose of Oral 400mg. Evaluation was done 3 days after treatment and improvement was obtained. Keywords: gonorrhea urethritis; oral urethritis therapy; uretritis gonorrhea complications
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29

Imarai, Mónica, Enzo Candia, Carolina Rodriguez-Tirado, Javier Tognarelli, Mirka Pardo, Tomas Pérez, Daniel Valdés, et al. "Regulatory T Cells Are Locally Induced during Intravaginal Infection of Mice with Neisseria gonorrhoeae." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 12 (September 29, 2008): 5456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00552-08.

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ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative diplococcus that in human beings produces gonorrhea. Much clinical evidence has led to the conclusion that gonococcus has important mechanisms to evade host immune functions; however, these mechanisms are only now beginning to be elucidated. In this study, we determined that the BALB/c mouse is a good animal model to study gonococcus infection and examined the immune response against the bacteria. We determined that after intravaginal inoculation of mice with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacteria reached and invaded the upper female reproductive tissues and elicited a T-cell-specific immune response associated with a very weak humoral response, altogether resembling gonococcus infection and disease in women. Remarkably, in the draining lymph nodes of the genital tracts of infected mice, we found an increase of regulatory T lymphocytes, namely, transforming growth factor β1-positive CD4+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells. Altogether, results indicate that N. gonorrhoeae induces regulatory T cells, which might be related to the local survival of the pathogen and the establishment of a chronic asymptomatic infection.
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Setyowatie, Lita, Tantari SHW, and Inneke Yulian. "Susceptibility Pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeae towards Cefixime and Ceftriaxone using Kirby-Bauer Method in Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 32, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v32.2.2020.103-110.

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Background: Gonorrhea remains the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world with an increasing number of cases. Oral cefixime and IM ceftriaxone are still the mainstay therapy for gonorrhea in Indonesia. However, previous studies suggested possible resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime, which are the first-line treatment of gonorrhea. To date, there are no data available regarding the susceptibility of these antibiotics for the treatment of gonorrhea in Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital (RSSA) Malang. Purpose: Determine susceptibility pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeaetowards cefixime and ceftriaxone in RSSA Malang. Methods: The samples were patients of the Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Department with a symptom of discharge which contained Gram-negative diplococcus after Gram staining and had a positive culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Susceptibility testing for cefixime and ceftriaxone antibiotics were performed using the Kirby-Bauer method. The data are presented in percentages. Result: Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that 80.77% of Neisseria gonorrhoeaeisolates were still susceptible to cefixime, and 80.77% of isolates were still susceptible to ceftriaxone. Conclusion: Cefixime and ceftriaxone are still effective as gonorrhea therapy in RSSA Malang.
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Waters, Christopher M., Michelle H. Antiporta, Barbara E. Murray, and Gary M. Dunny. "Role of the Enterococcus faecalis GelE Protease in Determination of Cellular Chain Length, Supernatant Pheromone Levels, and Degradation of Fibrin and Misfolded Surface Proteins." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 12 (June 15, 2003): 3613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.12.3613-3623.2003.

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ABSTRACT Gelatinase (GelE), a secreted Zn-metalloprotease of Enterococcus faecalis, has been implicated as a virulence factor by both epidemiological data and animal model studies. Expression of gelE is induced at a high cell density by the fsr quorum-sensing system. In the present study, GelE was shown to be responsible for the instability of a number of Asc10 (aggregation substance) mutant proteins, implying that GelE functions to clear the bacterial cell surface of misfolded proteins. Disruption of GelE production led to increased cell chain length of E. faecalis, from a typical diplococcus morphology to chains of 5 to 10 cells. This function of GelE was also exhibited when the protein was expressed in Streptococcus pyogenes. GelE-expressing E. faecalis strains were more autolytic, suggesting that GelE affects chain length through activation of an autolysin. GelE was also essential for degradation of polymerized fibrin. GelE expression reduced the titer of cCF10, the peptide pheromone that induces conjugation of pCF10, and pCF10 had increased conjugation into non-GelE-expressing strains. These new functions attributed to GelE suggest that it acts to increase the dissemination of E. faecalis in high-density environments.
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32

KELLY, MICHELLE, and CARINA SIM-SMITH. "A review of Ancorina, Stryphnus, and Ecionemia (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae), with descriptions of new species from New Zealand waters." Zootaxa 3480, no. 1 (September 12, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3480.1.1.

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New collections of New Zealand ancorinid sponges with sanidasters, regular and sanidaster-like microrhabds, andamphiaster-like microscleres, has prompted us to review the integrity of ancorinid genera Ancorina Schmidt, EcionemiaBowerbank, and Stryphnus Sollas (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae). The varietal name in Ancorina progressa(von Lendenfeld 1907) var. diplococcus Dendy, 1924 has been elevated to full species status, and A. stalagmoides (Dendy,1924) has been redescribed. Two new species, A. bellae sp. nov., from the Three Kings Islands, and A. globosa sp. nov.,from Campbell Rise, have been described. Two New Zealand species previously assigned to Ancorina by Dendy (1924)have been transferred to Ecionemia: E. alata (Dendy 1924) and E. novaezelandiae (Dendy 1924). The genus Stryphnus isrecorded for the first time in New Zealand waters, and 6 new species are described here; S. poculum sp. nov., S. levis sp.nov., S. novaezealandiae sp. nov., S. spelunca sp. nov., and S. atypicus sp. nov. Specimens identified as Asteropus simplex(Carter 1879) by Dendy (1924) and Bergquist (1968), a genus without triaenes, have been transferred to Stryphnus and renamed as S. ariena sp. nov., as all specimens contained rare triaenes.
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33

Jolley, K. A., J. Kalmusova, E. J. Feil, S. Gupta, M. Musilek, P. Kriz, and M. C. J. Maiden. "Carried Meningococci in the Czech Republic: a Diverse Recombining Population." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 12 (2000): 4492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.12.4492-4498.2000.

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Population and evolutionary analyses of pathogenic bacteria are frequently hindered by sampling strategies that concentrate on isolates from patients with invasive disease. This is especially so for the gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria meningitidis, a cause of septicemia and meningitis worldwide. Meningococcal isolate collections almost exclusively comprise organisms originating from patients with invasive meningococcal disease, although this bacterium is a commensal inhabitant of the human nasopharynx and very rarely causes pathological effects. In the present study, molecular biology-based techniques were used to establish the genetic relationships of 156 meningococci isolated from healthy young adults in the Czech Republic during 1993. None of the individuals sampled had known links to patients with invasive disease. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that the bacterial population was highly diverse, comprising 71 different sequence types (STs) which were assigned to 34 distinct complexes or lineages. Three previously identified hyperinvasive lineages were present: 26 isolates (17%) belonged to the ST-41 complex (lineage 3); 4 (2.6%) belonged to the ST-11 (electrophoretic type [ET-37]) complex, and 1 (0.6%) belonged to the ST-32 (ET-5) complex. The data were consistent with the view that most nucleotide sequence diversity resulted from the reassortment of alleles by horizontal genetic exchange.
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34

Jefferson, Amber, Amanda Smith, Pius S. Fasinu, and Dorothea K. Thompson. "Sexually Transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections—Update on Drug Treatment and Vaccine Development." Medicines 8, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines8020011.

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Background: Sexually transmitted gonorrhea, caused by the Gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoeae, continues to be a serious global health challenge despite efforts to eradicate it. Multidrug resistance among clinical N. gonorrhoeae isolates has limited treatment options, and attempts to develop vaccines have not been successful. Methods: A search of published literature was conducted, and information extracted to provide an update on the status of therapeutics and vaccine development for gonorrheal infection. Results: Recommended pharmacological treatment for gonorrhea has changed multiple times due to increasing acquisition of resistance to existing antibiotics by N. gonorrhoeae. Only broad-spectrum cephalosporin-based combination therapies are currently recommended for treatment of uncomplicated urogenital and anorectal gonococcal infections. With the reported emergence of ceftriaxone resistance, successful strategies addressing the global burden of gonorrhea must include vaccination. Century-old efforts at developing an effective vaccine against gonorrhea, leading to only four clinical trials, have not yielded any successful vaccine. Conclusions: While it is important to continue to explore new drugs for the treatment of gonorrhea, the historical trend of resistance acquisition suggests that any long-term strategy should include vaccine development. Advanced technologies in proteomics and in silico approaches to vaccine target identification may provide templates for future success.
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35

Aiswariya, Alex, Kundoly Velayudhan Suseela, and Das Subi. "Prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis in patients of lower respiratory tract infection with underlying risk factors." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20171038.

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Background: Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative diplococcus, commonly found as a normal flora in the human upper respiratory tract. Recently, M. catarrhalis has emerged as an important and common human respiratory tract pathogen. This study was aimed to determine the rate of isolation of M. Catarrhalis in patients attending a tertiary care hospital with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), antibiotic susceptibility pattern and predisposing factors responsible for their infection.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 1001 lower respiratory specimens from patients (above 20 years’ age) with suspected LRTI. The study investigated by microscopic examination, culture and antibiotic sensitivity test according to the standard guidelines. Assessment of clinical significance of M. Catarrhalis was ascertained on the basis of preformed criteria.Results: A total of 60 clinically significant M. Catarrhalis were isolated from the 930 culture positive samples. The isolates showed maximum sensitivity to second and third generation cephalosporins (95%), azithromycin (90%) followed by amoxicillin clavulanic acid (85%). Rate of isolation was more in males (70%) and elderly people above 60 years (63.33%) were found to be more affected. Patients (58.33%) with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) were found to be more prone to get infection by M. Catarrhalis.Conclusions: Moraxella catarrhalis should be considered as significant lower respiratory tract pathogen especially in elderly patients with underlying risk factors like COPD.
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Salamaga, Bartłomiej, Tomasz K. Prajsnar, Ana Jareño-Martinez, Joost Willemse, Martin A. Bewley, Françoise Chau, Tassadit Ben Belkacem, et al. "Bacterial size matters: Multiple mechanisms controlling septum cleavage and diplococcus formation are critical for the virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis." PLOS Pathogens 13, no. 7 (July 24, 2017): e1006526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006526.

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37

França, Raquel C. S., Maria Rosélia Marques Lopes, and Carla Ferragut. "Structural and successional variability of periphytic algal community in a Amazonian lake during the dry and rainy season (Rio Branco, Acre)." Acta Amazonica 41, no. 2 (2011): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672011000200010.

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The colonization process and successional patterns of a periphytic algal community were evaluated in a Amazonian Viveiro Lake (Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil). Sampling was performed over a period of 35 days; at four-day intervals for 20 days, and then at five-day intervals. Water sampling for physical, chemical and biological analyses was done during the dry and rainy season. Glass slides were used as artificial substrates for periphyton colonization. The structural community was evaluated through population density, algae class, diversity indices and descriptive species. Species richness, diversity and evenness increased as succession progressed. While density of Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Zygnemaphyceae increased with succession, Cyanobacteria remained dominant. Synechocystis aquatilis, Synechocystis diplococcus and Navicula pseudolanceolata were the main descriptive species in both the dry and rainy season. Cymbela tumida, Frustulia rhomboides, Trachelomonas lacustris and Closterium acicularis was correlated with an increase in hydrologic level during the rainy season. Conversely, the density of Chlamydomonas sp., Chroomonas nordstedtii, Trachelomonas volvocinopsis, Trachelomonas volvocina and Synechococcus linearis was correlated with an increase in water transparency during the dry season. In general, the periphytic algal community showed high diversity and species richness independent of season. Season also had little influence on representation of algae class and main descriptive species. However, successional patterns varied by season, and changes in hydrologic levels acted directly on the succession path of periphytic algae. More research on periphyton dynamics is needed to improve our understanding of tropical lake ecosystems, especially in Amazonian.
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38

Angelos, John A., and Louise M. Ball. "Differentiation of Moraxella Bovoculi sp. nov. from other Coccoid Moraxellae by the Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of Amplified DNA." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19, no. 5 (September 2007): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900511.

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Moraxella oris was historically the only coccoid Moraxella identified in cultures of ocular fluid from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) and could be morphologically and biochemically differentiated from Moraxella bovis. Moraxella bovoculi sp. nov. is a recently characterized Moraxella isolated from ulcerated eyes of calves with IBK in northern California in 2002. Like Moraxella ovis, M. bovoculi sp. nov. is a gram-negative coccus/diplococcus. All 18 original isolates of M. bovoculi sp. nov. possessed phenylalanine deaminase (PADase) activity and could therefore be differentiated from M. ovis and M. bovis. During the characterization of 44 additional isolates of hemolytic gram-negative cocci that were cultured from ulcerated eyes of IBK-affected calves, 2 PADase-negative isolates were identified that could not be differentiated biochemically from M. ovis; however, the DNA sequence of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (ISR) of the isolates matched the 16S-23S ISR DNA sequence of M. bovoculi sp. nov. To facilitate the identification of PADase-negative moraxellae, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with restriction enzyme digestion analysis of amplified DNA was developed. Amplification of the 16S-23S ISR followed by AfaI digestion of amplified DNA could differentiate M. bovoculi sp. nov. from M. ovis and other moraxellae. The DNA sequence analysis of the amplified 16S-23S ISR from the 42 PADase-positive isolates of hemolytic gram-negative cocci indicated that all were M. bovoculi sp. nov. and all possessed an AfaI site. A PCR coupled with restriction analysis of amplified DNA can aid in identifying M. bovoculi sp. nov.
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39

Zhang, Yan, Hui Cao, Xiang Gong, Yang Wu, Peng Gu, Linling Kong, Limeng Wu, and Jiali Xing. "Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Infection in Emergency ICU Patients." Disease Markers 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7711724.

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Background. Pulmonary infection in the emergency ICUs increases patient morbidity, hospital stay, treatment costs, and the risk of related adverse events. Methods. This study included 695 patients admitted to our emergency ICU between December 2019 and March 2021. Medical records of emergency ICU patients were reviewed to collect their clinical data, including antibiotic use, history of tracheostomy, history of mechanical ventilation, presence or absence of underlying disease, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, age, gender, and history of shock. Bacterial cultures were performed. The incidence, main clinical features, main pathogens, and risk factors of pulmonary infection in emergency ICU were analyzed. Results. In this study, 69 of the 695 emergency ICU patients (9.93%) developed pulmonary infection. The main clinical features of patients with pulmonary infection included cough and expectoration (97.10%), shortness of breath and chest tightness (95.65%), leukocyte elevation (69.57%), confusion (31.88%), drowsiness (28.99%), persistent fever (27.54%), and nausea and vomiting (10.14%). The main pathogenic bacteria in those with pulmonary infection included Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.32%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (49.28%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.74%), Staphylococcus aureus (39.13%), Candida albicans (7.25%), Pneumococcus pneumoniae (15.95%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.64%), and lung diplococcus inflammatory (13.04%). Univariate analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the occurrence of pulmonary infection with regard to sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption, but there were significant differences with regard to age, basic disease, invasive surgery, and shock. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that age ≥ 80 years , invasive surgery, shock, and basic diseases ≥ 2 were important risk factors for pulmonary infection in emergency ICU patients. Conclusion. Considering the clinical features and risk factors for pulmonary infection in the emergency ICU, preventive and control measures are required to minimize its occurrence and ensure good outcomes.
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40

Rublenko, M., and V. Melnikov. "Cytokine profile in cows with necrobacterious fi ngers." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 1(154) (May 21, 2020): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2020-154-1-121-128.

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Orthopedic diseases in cows signifi cantly reduce the profitability of dairy cattle breeding, causing signifi cant technological and economic damage. The aim of the study was to establish a cytokine profi le in cows with necrobacterioses of fi nger lesions. The work was performed in typical dairy farms, on cows with various clinical forms of purulent-necrotic lesions of the extremities of a necrobacterious nature. Diagnostic studies included a complex of clinical, bacteriological biopsy samples of purulent-necrotic foci and determination of the level of cytokines in the blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A bacteriological study revealed various associations of F. necrophorum with E. coli, Clostridium spp., Diplococcus lans., Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci, which verifi ed the necrobacterious nature of limb lesions in cows. It was established that in cows with an acute course of purulent-necrotic infl ammatory process in the fi nger area, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 sharply increase. The generalized form of necrobacillary lesions is characterized by a critical increase in the level of TNF-α in the blood by 16.8 times, IL-1β by 17.8 times compared with its level in the acute form of the concentration of IL-10. The cytokine index IL-10: TNF-α acquired a critical value of 0.4: 1, and IL-10 to IL-1β - 1: 1. The development of uncontrolled phlogogenic cytokinemia is noted, which refl ects a systemic infl ammatory response syndrome. A recurrent type of purulent-necrotic lesion of the extremities is characterized by rather low levels of IL-1β and IL-10. The content of IL-1β was 2.4 times greater (p <0.05). However, the concentration of TNF remained quite large and prevailed over the norm by 12.6 times (p <0.001), which was refl ected in the extremely low corresponding index of 0.3: 1. That is, in this case, in a chronic course of necrobacteriosis of the extremities of cows, uncompensated permanent cytokinemia due to TNF-α is formed, which leads to the recurrent nature of the purulent-necrotic process. So, the mechanism of development of the cytokine profi le in cattle requires further research. Key words: phlogogenic and anti-infl ammatory purulent-necrotic lesions, cytokines, cows, infl ammation, fi ngers.
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41

Raveendran, Savitha, Gauri Kumar, R. N. Sivanandan, and Mary Dias. "Moraxella catarrhalis: A Cause of Concern with Emerging Resistance and Presence of BRO Beta-Lactamase Gene—Report from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (February 7, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7316257.

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Background. Found as a commensal in the upper respiratory tract, Gram-negative diplococcus Moraxella catarrhalis did not hold much importance as an infectious agent for long. The emergence of the first antibiotic-resistant strain of M. catarrhalis was noted in 1977 in Sweden. This has gradually spread worldwide over the years to more than 95% of the strains showing resistance to penicillin now. Penicillin resistance is mediated by the production of beta-lactamases encoded by bro-1 and bro-2 genes that code for beta-lactamases BRO-1 and BRO-2, respectively. The purpose of this study was to explore the trends of antibiotic resistance, the presence of bro genes, and clinical correlation of these findings with the rise in M. catarrhalis infections worldwide. Methods. Strains of M. catarrhalis were isolated from the respiratory samples submitted to the microbiology laboratory. Preliminary identification was done using standard microbiological techniques, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration assessed using the E-test. Further, the genes associated with the development of resistance to penicillin (beta-lactamase enzyme) were detected using polymerase chain reaction technique. Results. Fourteen strains of M. catarrhalis were isolated during the study period. Majority of the strains were isolated from patients between 40 and 60 years of age and from males. Seasonality was observed with most strains being isolated during the winter season. The most important predisposing factors identified were advanced age with a history of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern showed resistance to most antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Finally, all the strains were beta-lactamase producers, confirmed by the detection of bro-1 beta-lactamase gene in them. Conclusion. The increase in antibiotic resistance and beta-lactamase production in M. catarrhalis is a cause of concern. The emerging resistance pattern emphasises the need for an appropriate antibiotic stewardship program in clinical practice. Importance should be given to the monitoring of the trends of antibiotic susceptibility and their usage to prevent the emergence of outbreaks with resistant strains and treatment failures.
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42

Brackel, Wolfgang, and Peter Döbbeler. "An addition to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi of Greece with a key to the lichenicolous fungi on Collema s. l." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 57 (October 7, 2020): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2020.57.13.

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Didymellopsis pulposi, Pronectria diplococca, P. pedemontana, Stigmidium hageniae and Tremella anaptychiae are reported as new to Greece. Pronectria diplococca is reported as new to Austria. A key to the lichenicolous fungi on Collema s. l. is provided.
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43

Naheed, Nargis, Maqsood Alam, and Larry I. Lutwick. "Gram-negative diplococcal respiratory infections." Current Infectious Disease Reports 5, no. 3 (May 2003): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-003-0079-6.

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44

Raychaudhuri, M., A. Peall, C. Page, and M. Browning. "A case of duplicitous diplococci." Sexually Transmitted Infections 85, no. 6 (October 1, 2009): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2008.035444.

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45

Pinzón-Osorio, C. A., D. Cortes-Beltran, L. M. Jiménez-Robayo, H. Lozano-Márquez, J. Zambrano-Varón, and C. Jimenez-Escobar. "10 Segmental cervical aplasia in a mare with mosaic X-chromosome aneuploidy." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab10.

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Segmental cervical aplasia is a congenital Müllerian abnormality characterised by the complete or partial failure of cervical development resulting from abnormal fusion of the Müllerian ducts to the urogenital sinus. In the present case report, we describe a congenital segmental cervical aplasia in a Colombian creole mare. The mare was presented to the Animal Reproduction Clinic of Universidad Nacional de Colombia for diagnosis because the external orifice of her cervix was not detected when a uterine lavage was attempted as a therapy for detectable uterine fluid accumulation. The mare had a history of 20-day oestrous cycles confirmed by receptivity to a mature stallion and had no history of natural service or artificial insemination. A complete breeding soundness evaluation of the mare including transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, vaginoscopy, endoscopy, transvaginal aspiration of the uterine fluid and cytogenetic analysis, and an oestrous cycle follow-up were performed. Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the genital tract revealed normal-size ovaries with structures suggestive of regular ovarian activity. Ovulation was confirmed by the formation of a corpus haemorrhagicum followed by a mature corpus luteum in diestrus. In addition, granular free-floating fluid material distending the uterus was detected. Upon vaginal examination, the organ ended in a blind bag with a small papilla with no evident external os cervix. Cytology of the uterine fluid obtained by transvaginal aspiration showed predominant neutrophils with diplococcus bacteria and inflammatory cells compatible with inflammatory content. Cytogenetic analysis of 134 metaphase lymphocytes showed that the mare had an abnormal karyotype [64,XX]/[63,XO]/[65,XXX] with a ratio of 45%, 45%, and 10%, respectively. G- and C-banded analysis was conducted for the X chromosome. Mosaicism of the X chromosome was diagnosed, and the observed congenital segmental cervical aplasia was proposed as the clinical consequence of the mosaicism detected. To our knowledge, this is the first case of this reproductive pathology in a Colombian mare with regular ovarian activity and X chromosome aneuploidy in mosaic form. The cause of the persistently contaminated uterine content in this mare was not clear; it is possible that via the systemic or transcervical route, bacterial contamination could have colonized the uterus, resulting in chronic inflammation and fluid accumulation. This case report demonstrates the importance of performing an adequate routine gynaecological examination in mares to determine their reproductive health. In most cases, the diagnosis of congenital pathologies of the cervix is an incidental finding when performing breeding programs or therapeutic strategies for managing uterine inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, cytogenetic analysis is an important complementary tool for clinical reproductive examination, to accurately identify causes of congenital malformations, and to determine additional causes of reproductive failure in mares.
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46

Pinzón-Osorio, C. A., D. Cortes-Beltran, L. M. Jiménez-Robayo, H. Lozano-Márquez, J. Zambrano-Varón, and C. Jimenez-Escobar. "10 Segmental cervical aplasia in a mare with mosaic X-chromosome aneuploidy." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab10.

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Segmental cervical aplasia is a congenital Müllerian abnormality characterised by the complete or partial failure of cervical development resulting from abnormal fusion of the Müllerian ducts to the urogenital sinus. In the present case report, we describe a congenital segmental cervical aplasia in a Colombian creole mare. The mare was presented to the Animal Reproduction Clinic of Universidad Nacional de Colombia for diagnosis because the external orifice of her cervix was not detected when a uterine lavage was attempted as a therapy for detectable uterine fluid accumulation. The mare had a history of 20-day oestrous cycles confirmed by receptivity to a mature stallion and had no history of natural service or artificial insemination. A complete breeding soundness evaluation of the mare including transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, vaginoscopy, endoscopy, transvaginal aspiration of the uterine fluid and cytogenetic analysis, and an oestrous cycle follow-up were performed. Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the genital tract revealed normal-size ovaries with structures suggestive of regular ovarian activity. Ovulation was confirmed by the formation of a corpus haemorrhagicum followed by a mature corpus luteum in diestrus. In addition, granular free-floating fluid material distending the uterus was detected. Upon vaginal examination, the organ ended in a blind bag with a small papilla with no evident external os cervix. Cytology of the uterine fluid obtained by transvaginal aspiration showed predominant neutrophils with diplococcus bacteria and inflammatory cells compatible with inflammatory content. Cytogenetic analysis of 134 metaphase lymphocytes showed that the mare had an abnormal karyotype [64,XX]/[63,XO]/[65,XXX] with a ratio of 45%, 45%, and 10%, respectively. G- and C-banded analysis was conducted for the X chromosome. Mosaicism of the X chromosome was diagnosed, and the observed congenital segmental cervical aplasia was proposed as the clinical consequence of the mosaicism detected. To our knowledge, this is the first case of this reproductive pathology in a Colombian mare with regular ovarian activity and X chromosome aneuploidy in mosaic form. The cause of the persistently contaminated uterine content in this mare was not clear; it is possible that via the systemic or transcervical route, bacterial contamination could have colonized the uterus, resulting in chronic inflammation and fluid accumulation. This case report demonstrates the importance of performing an adequate routine gynaecological examination in mares to determine their reproductive health. In most cases, the diagnosis of congenital pathologies of the cervix is an incidental finding when performing breeding programs or therapeutic strategies for managing uterine inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, cytogenetic analysis is an important complementary tool for clinical reproductive examination, to accurately identify causes of congenital malformations, and to determine additional causes of reproductive failure in mares.
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47

Wang, CJK, and B. C. Sutton. "Diplococcium hughesii sp.nov. with a Selenosporella synanamorph." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 1608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-105.

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A dematiaceous hyphomycete, Diplococcium hughesii C.J.K. Wang & B. Sutton sp.nov., with a Selenosporella synanamorph, is described. It is characterized by dark, branched conidiophores bearing integrated, terminal, and intercalary conidiogenous cells. Pores are visible on the wall of the conidiogenous cells after conidium secession. Catenate conidia are acropleurogenous, subglobose to oblong, and 0-septate.Key words: hyphomycetes, dematiaceous genera, lignicolous, pleomorphic fungi.
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48

Kirschner, R., and F. Oberwinkler. "Mycoparasitism by Three Species of Diplococcium (Hyphomycetes)." Plant Biology 3, no. 4 (July 2001): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16457.

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49

Lichman, V. O., K. P. Lokes, D. S. Avetikov, M. G. Skikevich, V. V. Bondarenko, and R. A. Prykhidko. "THE APPLICATION OF PLACENTA CRYOEXTRACT IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PHLEGMONS OF MAXILLOFACIAL LOCALIZATION." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2020.09.

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Abstract:
Today the problem of pathogenesis and rational treatment of purulent-inflammatory odontogenic diseases of the maxillofacial area is quite relevant in the field of medical and SOCIAL problems. In recent years, the number of patients with odontogenic inflammatory does not catch an illness, while the number of complications increases. In case of the development of purulent inflammation the complex of interrelated morphological, biochemical, immunological and other changes is observded. The basis in the complex treatment of phlegmon of the maxillofacial area and neck of any localization is active surgical treatment. General therapy for odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area primarily provides control of infection and intoxication, aimed at normalization of the impaired functions of organs and systems. The purpose of this research was to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmon of the maxillofacial localization by the use of cryopreserved placental cells. In most cases, the cause of inflammatory processes of maxillofacial localization was untreated periodontal teeth, retained teeth and negligent behavior of patients. That is why the majority of authors believe that the "cause" tooth should be urgently removed, but the solution depends on the individual features of the patient and in some cases may be postponed until the relief of the inflammatory process [3,4]. The combination of local and general factors is necessary to avoid further development of abscesses and phlegmons of the maxillofacial area and neck. The local factors are aerobic and anaerobic infection (staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus, diplococcus, intestinal, gram-positive and gram-negative rods, but less often - mycoplasmas, the simplest of the family Trichomonas, spirochetes, and fungi of the genus Candida). The concentration of causal microflora, general and local nonspecific and specific protective factors of the body, the state of various organs and systems of the body, as well as anatomical and topographic features of the tissues of the maxillofacial area play a significant role in the development and course of purulent-inflammatory processes of the head and neck. All of the above determines the nature of the inflammatory reaction: normergic, hyperergic, hypoergic, anergic. Currently, placental cryoextract preparations are widely used in various fields of medicine, in particular, in urology, gynecology and general surgery. So, maxillofacial surgeons can be interested in their use in the treatment of patients with inflammatory purulent diseases of the maxillofacial localization. That is why carrying out a detailed analysis of native and foreign literature, we have concluded that it is necessary to continue study and scientifically substantiate the issue of optimizing conservative treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmons with the use of biologically active substances. In further studies it is planned to investigate the impact on the mechanism of purulent wound healing by cryopreserved placenta and to create a morphological and biochemical evidence base for the effectiveness of the proposed treatment.
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50

Goh, T. K., K. D. Hyde, and T. E. Umali. "Two New Species of Diplococcium from the Tropics." Mycologia 90, no. 3 (May 1998): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761410.

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