Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diphtheria

Academic literature on the topic 'Diphtheria'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Diphtheria"

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Schirmer, Patricia, Cynthia A. Lucero-Obusan, Aditya Sharma, Gina Oda, and Mark Holodniy. "1201. Diphtheria in Veterans Health Administration (VHA), 2000-2021." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1393.

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Abstract Background Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and can cause respiratory or skin infections. Transmission occurs primarily person-to-person via respiratory tract and rarely from skin lesions or fomites. In the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), we perform surveillance for nationally notifiable diseases such as diphtheria. In early 2021, there were 4 alerts for C. diphtheriae. Therefore, we investigated diphtheria prevalence in VHA over the last 20 years. Methods Isolates of C. diphtheriae were identified from VHA data sources from 1/1/2000-2/28/2021. Patient demographics, co-morbidities, microbiologic data, treatment, outcomes, and vaccination status were obtained via electronic medical record (EMR) review. Results 33 C. diphtheriae isolates were identified representing 32 unique individuals. 17 isolates were identified from 2000-2015 and 16 were identified from 2016-2021. Isolates were from cutaneous (16), blood (10), urine (4), pulmonary (2), and throat (1) specimens. In 11 individuals, clinical significance was unclear (no antibiotics given, note mentioned that it was being considered a contaminant - i.e., isolate may have been incorrectly labeled as “C. diphtheriae” instead of “diphtheroid”). Only 3 isolates had toxin testing documented. One C. diphtheriae biovar gravis blood isolate was associated with sepsis without another source identified. The throat isolate was a nontoxigenic strain. No cutaneous isolates underwent susceptibility testing, but all 15 individuals received antibiotics (1 patient had 2 isolates). 11 had additional organisms identified in addition to C. diphtheriae. Table 1 describes demographics, co-morbidities, and vaccination status of cutaneous cases. Only 1 case (in 2021) had EMR documentation of local public health department reporting. Table 1. Characteristics of Unique Individuals with Cutaneous Diphtheria Isolates in VHA, 2000-2021 Conclusion Nearly as many isolates have been identified in the last 5.5 years compared to the previous 15 years which may be related to more robust molecular identification methods available in VHA. Most C. diphtheriae isolated was from cutaneous sources that were acute in onset. About 33% were identified as C. diphtheriae but were not treated. EMR documentation of toxin production and public health department reporting was lacking. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Chagina, I. A., O. Yu Borisova, L. I. Kafarskaya, S. S. Afanasiev, V. A. Aleshkin, Yu V. Nesvizhsky, M. S. Afanasiev, et al. "COMPOSITION OF POPULATION OF DIPHTHERIA CAUSATIVE AGENT STRAINS IN RUSSIA." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 93, no. 5 (October 28, 2016): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-50-60.

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Aim. Characteristics of clonal composition of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain populatior in Russia using MLST, as well as evaluation of a possibility of using of this method during execution of monitoring of diphtheria infection causative agent strains. Materials and methods. C. diphtheriae strains, isolated in Russia in 1957 - 2015 and sent to Gabrichevsky MRIEM reference centre for diphtheria and pertussis, were studied. Genotyping of C. diphtheriae using MLST wa: carried out based on sequencing of «housekeeping» gene fragments. ST identification was carriec out according to PubMLST. Results. C. diphtheriae strains of 36 sequence-types (ST) were identified on the territory of Russia - 27 previously known and 9 novel, detected for the first time. 2 sequence types ST25 and ST8 (22% and 18%) dominated. Inter-relation between phenotype properties (toxigenicity and biovar) and membership of C. diphtheriae strains in certain sequence-types was shown - toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains of various biovars were characterized by certain sequence-types. Changes of clonal composition of C. diphtheriae population in dynamics of epidemic process of diphtheria infection were shown. Conclusion. Use of MLST allowed to characterized clonal composition of C. diphtheriae strains’ population in Russia and has shown perspectives of use of this method to characterize population of diphtheria causative agent, detect epidemically significant strains and decipher foci of diphtheria infection.
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Alfiansyah, Gamasiano. "PENYELIDIKAN EPIDEMIOLOGI KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA (KLB) DIFTERI DI KABUPATEN BLITAR TAHUN 2015." Preventia : The Indonesian Journal of Public Health 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um044v2i1p37-42.

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ABSTRAK Difteri merupakan penyakit menular mematikan yang menyerang saluran pernapasan atas yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Kasus difteri di Kabupaten Blitar cenderung meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Jumlah kasus tahun 2011 sebanyak 15 kasus, tahun 2012 sebanyak 23 kasus, tahun 2013 sebanyak 17 kasus, tahun 2014 sebanyak 21 kasus, dan tahun 2015 sebanyak 38 kasus dengan jumlah kasus tertinggi di kecamatan Kanigoro sebanyak 9 kasus. Tujuan penyelidikan epidemiologi adalah mengetahui besar masalah KLB difteri dan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhinya.Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Informan utama penelitian adalah petugas kesehatan yang menangani KLB difteri baik di Dinas Kesehatan maupun Puskesmas. Informan triangulasi penelitian adalah bidan desa, kepala desa, ketua PKK, dan penderita atau keluarga penderita. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara mendalam dan observasi, dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi.Hasilnya adalah 95,55% kasus difteri terjadi pada kelompok umur ≤ 15 tahun dan 91% jumlah kasus difteri dialami oleh masyarakat yang mendapatkan imunisasi lengkap. Selain itu, tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat yang rendah tentang difteri juga merupakan faktor risiko penularan difteri.Penelitian ini merekomendasikan Dinas Kesehatan untuk membuat pola pengawasan kontak erat dan memberikan pelatihan manajemen cold chain. Bagi Puskesmas diharapkan melakukan pengawasan terhadap kontak erat dan meningkatkan cakupan penyuluhan.Kata kunci: KLB, Difteri, Kabupaten BitarABSTRACT Diphtheria is a deadly infectious disease that attacks the upper respiratory tract caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The case of diphtheria in Blitar district tends to increase. The number of cases in 2011 was 15 cases, 23 cases in 2012, 17 cases in 2013, 21 cases in 2014, and 38 cases in 2015 with the highest number of cases in Kanigoro sub-district by 9 cases. The purpose of epidemiological investigation are to determine the extent of diphtheria outbreak and the risk factors that affect it.The kind of research is a qualitative descriptive. Key informants research are health care workers who deal with diphtheria’s outbreaks in both of the Department of Health and Community Health Center. Informants for triangulation research are the midwife of the village, the village’s leader, pkk’s chairman, and the patient or the family of the patient. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observation, and analyzed using content analysis method.The result is 95.55% of diphtheria cases occured at age ≤15 years old and 91% of diphtheria’s case are suffered by people who get complete immunization. In addition, a low level of community knowledge about diphtheria is also a risk factor for diphtheria transmission.As suggestion, Blitar district health office establish close contact supervision patterns and provide cold chain management training. Health centers are expected to supervise close contacts and increase the coverage education.Keywords: Outbreak, diphtheria, Blitar district
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Tok, Peter Seah Keng, Misbaha Jilani, Nurul Fateha Misnar, Nor Suzila Bidin, Norli Rosli, and Haidar Rizal Toha. "A diphtheria outbreak in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: Public health investigation and response." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 16, no. 07 (July 28, 2022): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.16076.

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Introduction: Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Although the incidence of diphtheria worldwide has rapidly declined following the largely successful diphtheria toxoid-based vaccines, concerns persist for those who were unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. In this report, we describe a recent diphtheria outbreak in Malaysia involving four confirmed diphtheria cases. Methodology: The outbreak investigation efforts and epidemiological characteristics of a diphtheria outbreak in Malaysia are described. For all suspected cases, swabs were taken and sent for isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and confirmation of toxigenic strains. Results: The index case was a two-year-old child living with his family in a welfare home. Following contact tracing efforts and investigation for suspected cases, seven samples came back as culture positive for Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Confirmation of toxigenic strains was performed using PCR and Elek’s test, which showed 100% correlation in positivity for four of the samples. All four confirmed cases were below 18 years of age, and three of them did not have complete vaccination history (two unvaccinated, one unknown). The index case eventually succumbed due to severe diphtheria with multiorgan failure while all the other cases were discharged healthy. Conclusions: In Malaysia, despite good vaccination coverage, sporadic diphtheria outbreaks still occur. The rising trend of cases reported over the recent years underscores the need to remain vigilant. Addressing pockets of unvaccinated children and potential waning immunity levels in the population remains pivotal.
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Kostyukova, N. N., and V. A. Bechalo. "Diphtheria Carriage." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 17, no. 5 (October 23, 2018): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-60-70.

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The diphtheria carriage is a asympthomatic colonization of oro- and nasopharynx by toxigenic and nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The carriage of toxigenic strains prevents a complete eradication of diphtheria infection in spite of mass toxoid immunization. The contamination by toxigenic diphtheria bacteria leads to the carriage if the person has a protective level of diphtheria antitoxin. Contamination with the toxigenic and nontoxigenic leads to the carriage if the person has no protection to the bacterial colonization factors. Some of them are surface protein structures and may serve as components of the future vaccines against diphtheria bacteria colonization.
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Truelove, Shaun A., Lindsay T. Keegan, William J. Moss, Lelia H. Chaisson, Emilie Macher, Andrew S. Azman, and Justin Lessler. "Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Diphtheria: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 1 (August 19, 2019): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz808.

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Abstract Background Diphtheria, once a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, all but disappeared following introduction of diphtheria vaccine. Recent outbreaks highlight the risk diphtheria poses when civil unrest interrupts vaccination and healthcare access. Lack of interest over the last century resulted in knowledge gaps about diphtheria’s epidemiology, transmission, and control. Methods We conducted 9 distinct systematic reviews on PubMed and Scopus (March–May 2018). We pooled and analyzed extracted data to fill in these key knowledge gaps. Results We identified 6934 articles, reviewed 781 full texts, and included 266. From this, we estimate that the median incubation period is 1.4 days. On average, untreated cases are colonized for 18.5 days (95% credible interval [CrI], 17.7–19.4 days), and 95% clear Corynebacterium diphtheriae within 48 days (95% CrI, 46–51 days). Asymptomatic carriers cause 76% (95% confidence interval, 59%–87%) fewer cases over the course of infection than symptomatic cases. The basic reproductive number is 1.7–4.3. Receipt of 3 doses of diphtheria toxoid vaccine is 87% (95% CrI, 68%–97%) effective against symptomatic disease and reduces transmission by 60% (95% CrI, 51%–68%). Vaccinated individuals can become colonized and transmit; consequently, vaccination alone can only interrupt transmission in 28% of outbreak settings, making isolation and antibiotics essential. While antibiotics reduce the duration of infection, they must be paired with diphtheria antitoxin to limit morbidity. Conclusions Appropriate tools to confront diphtheria exist; however, accurate understanding of the unique characteristics is crucial and lifesaving treatments must be made widely available. This comprehensive update provides clinical and public health guidance for diphtheria-specific preparedness and response.
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Ott, Lisa, Jens Möller, and Andreas Burkovski. "Interactions between the Re-Emerging Pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Host Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063298.

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the etiological agent of diphtheria, is a re-emerging pathogen, responsible for several thousand deaths per year. In addition to diphtheria, systemic infections, often by non-toxigenic strains, are increasingly observed. This indicates that besides the well-studied and highly potent diphtheria toxin, various other virulence factors may influence the progression of the infection. This review focuses on the known components of C. diphtheriae responsible for adhesion, invasion, inflammation, and cell death, as well as on the cellular signaling pathways activated upon infection.
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Prygiel, Marta, Maciej Polak, Ewa Mosiej, Karol Wdowiak, Kamila Formińska, and Aleksandra Anna Zasada. "New Corynebacterium Species with the Potential to Produce Diphtheria Toxin." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111264.

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Only three Corynebacterium species are known to produce a lethal exotoxin called diphtheria toxin. These are C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. The diphtheria toxin gene (tox) is carried in a family of closely related corynebacteriophages and therefore the toxin can be produced only through lysogenisation, in which the corynephage encoding tox is stably inserted into the chromosome. However, ‘nontoxigenic tox gene-bearing’ (NTTB) strains, which are genotypically tox-positive but do not express the protein, have been described. The emergence of NTTB strains was first observed during the 1990s diphtheria epidemic in Eastern Europe and nowadays such isolates have been detected in many countries in the world. Recently, novel species of Corynebacterium genus have been described which might have the potential of producing the diphtheria toxin due to the possession of the diphtheria toxin gene but it has not produced toxin in laboratory tests. The circulation of NTTB strains could be related to the increased risk for diphtheria disease arising from the risk of re-emerging toxin expression. The article presents the mechanism of diphtheria toxin expression and action, recently described novel species of NTTB corynebacteria as well as the taxonomic changes within the C. diphtheriae group.
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Efstratiou, Androulla, Kathryn H. Engler, Charlotte S. Dawes, and Dorothea Sesardic. "Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods for Detection of Diphtheria Toxin among Isolates of Pathogenic Corynebacteria." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 11 (1998): 3173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.11.3173-3177.1998.

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We have compared molecular, immunochemical, and cytotoxic assays for the detection of diphtheria toxin from 55 isolates ofCorynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans originally isolated in five different countries. The suitabilities and accuracies of these assays for the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria were compared and evaluated against the “gold standard” in vivo methods. The in vivo and Vero cell cytotoxicity assays were accurate in their abilities to detect diphtheria toxin but were time-consuming; however, the cytotoxicity assay is a suitable in vitro alternative to the in vivo virulence test. There was complete concordance between all the phenotypic methods. Genotypic tests based upon PCR were rapid; however, PCR must be used with caution because some isolates of C. diphtheriae possessed toxin genes but failed to express a biologically active toxin. Therefore, phenotypic confirmation of toxigenicity for the microbiological diagnosis of diphtheria is recommended.
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Febriyana, Dwi, Sunarno Sunarno, Yudi Hartoyo, Sundari Nursofiah, Tati Febrianti, Ratih Dian Saraswati, Nelly Puspandari, et al. "Analisis Gen Tox Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Penyebab Difteri di Beberapa Wilayah Indonesia." Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan 49, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v0i0.3844.

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Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease. The clinical features and complications of diphtheria are associated with toxins produced by the causative bacteria. Diphtheria toxin synthesis is encoded by tox gene. This study aimed to provide an overview of the DNA sequences of the tox gene of Corynebacterium diphtheriae causing diphtheria in several region of Indonesia. A total of 65 Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from several provinces in Indonesia (2010-2017) were used as samples. Isolates recultured on blood agar medium (BA), incubated at 37 0 C overnight. DNA extraction conducted using the QiaAmp DNA Mini Kit. The DNA sequencing was carried out using the Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) approach. The data conversion and analysis conducted using U-gene and BioEdit programs. Examination of 65 isolate C. diphtheriae with 1683 bp of tox gene sequences showed that there are 3 patterns of gene sequences with 3 mutation site. All mutations were silent mutation. The mutation sites were also not commonly used as 3’end binding site of the PCR primer. We concluded that tox gene of C. diphtheriae that causes diphtheria in some provinces in Indonesia have limited variations and these variations do not encode amino acid changes. This indicates that the vaccines used in Indonesia are still in accordance with the variations in circulating bacteria and PCR can be used for screening and predicting the toxigenicity of diphtheria-causing bacteria. Keywords: C. diphtheriae, gene tox, diphtheria, Indonesia Abstrak Difteri merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I). Gambaran klinis dan komplikasi difteri dikaitkan dengan toksin yang diproduksi oleh bakteri penyebab. Sintesis toksin difteri dikode oleh gen tox. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran sekuens DNA gen tox Corynebacterium diphtheriae penyebab difteri di beberapa wilayah Indonesia. Sebanyak 65 isolat C. diphtheriae tersimpan milik Badan Litbangkes yang diisolasi dari beberapa wilayah Indonesia tahun 2010- 2017 dijadikan sebagai sampel. Rekultur dilakukan pada medium agar darah (BA), diinkubasi pada suhu 37 o C selama sehari semalam. Ekstraksi DNA menggunakan kit QiaAmp DNA Minikit. Sekuensing DNA dilakukan dengan pendekatan Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). Konversi dan analisis data menggunakan program U-gene dan BioEdit.Pemeriksaan 65 isolat C. diphtheriae dengan 1683 bp sekuens gen tox menunjukkan ada 3 pola sekuens gen dengan 3 lokasi mutasi. Seluruh mutasi bersifat silent mutation. Lokasi mutasi juga bukan merupakan tempat penempelan ujung 3’ primer PCR yang umum digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa variasi gen tox yang ditemukan pada C. diphtheriae penyebab difteri di Indonesia memiliki variasi yang terbatas dan mutasi yang ada tidak mengkode perubahan asam amino. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa vaksin yang digunakan di Indonesia masih sesuai dengan variasi bakteri yang bersirkulasi. Hasil penelitian juga mengindikasikan bahwa PCR dapat digunakan untuk skrining dan memprediksi toksigenisitas bakteri penyebab difteri. Kata kunci : C. diphtheriae, gen tox, difteri, Indonesia
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diphtheria"

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Spinler, Jennifer K. "Characterizing the diphtheria-toxin-repressor (DtxR) regulon in Corynebacterium diphtheriae /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Microbiology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-160). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Хілько, Артем Сергійович, Артем Сергеевич Хилько, Artem Serhiiovych Khilko, Оксана Миколаївна Чемич, Оксана Николаевна Чемич, Oksana Mykolaivna Chemych, Микола Дмитрович Чемич, Николай Дмитриевич Чемич, and Mykola Dmytrovych Chemych. "Clinical and epidemiological features of diphtheria." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6751.

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Wagner, Karen Susan. "Diphtheria epidemiology in the UK and Europe." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2015. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/25/.

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A resurgence of diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) occurred in the former Soviet Union in the 1990s. Concerted control measures brought about a decline in cases, however some endemic transmission has continued and increasingly C. ulcerans cases have been reported in some Western European countries. Questions existed regarding risk factors for infection, availability of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) treatment, circulation of potentially toxigenic Corynebacteria, and UK population immunity. Surveillance data from the World Health Organization European Region, Diphtheria Surveillance Network (DIPNET) and UK were analysed. In addition, 47 countries provided information regarding their DAT treatment supplies. To examine circulation of Corynebacteria, throat swabs were screened across ten countries. UK diphtheria immunity was assessed by serosurvey, and vaccination coverage data from nine London Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) were analysed by ethnicity. During 2000-2009 C. diphtheriae cases declined across the European Region. C. ulcerans cases (associated with domestic animals) outnumbered C. diphtheriae (associated with travel to endemic areas) in DIPNET countries outside the former Soviet Union. There was a clear protective effect of vaccination. The case fatality rate for respiratory diphtheria was lower in Latvia than in other DIPNET countries. Global shortages of DAT were highlighted. Screening identified endemic transmission of toxigenic C. diphtheriae in Latvia and Lithuania, and circulation of non-toxigenic strains in several countries. UK population immunity had increased since the last serosurvey in 1996; in 2009 75% of the population had at least basic protection. Low childhood vaccination coverage in London related partly to the size of ethnic groups within a PCT but also to completeness of data records. Surveillance and screening datasets likely missed some cases/isolates due to lost clinical and/or laboratory expertise. These skills need to be retained and high vaccination coverage levels achieved, as well as records accurately maintained. A DAT alternative is needed, with improved availability and access.
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Wenzel, Esther Veronika Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hust, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Dübel. "Development of recombinant human anti-diphtheria toxin neutralizing antibodies for diphtheria therapy / Esther Veronika Wenzel ; Michael Hust, Stefan Dübel." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2019050215003.

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Красовицький, Зіновій Йосипович, Зиновий Иосифович Красовицкий, Zinovii Yosypovych Krasovytskyi, Андрій Олегович Сніцар, Андрей Олегович Сницарь, Andrii Olehovych Snitsar, and В. В. Минаков. "К вопросу диагностики "современной" дифтерии." Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 1997. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24744.

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Васильєв, Юрій Костянтинович, Юрий Константинович Васильев, Yurii Kostiantynovych Vasyliev, Костянтин Костянтинович Васильєв, Константин Константинович Васильев, and Kostiantyn Kostiantynovych Vasyliev. "Сезонные колебания в заболеваемости дифтерией в Сумской области в 1990-х годах." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5274.

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Печінка, А. М. "Організаційний алгоритм надавання медичної допомоги хворим на тяжкі форми дифтерії." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11230.

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Було проведено аналіз 216 випадків смерті дорослих від дифтерії в різних регіонах України. У 121 випадків (56 %) мали місце серйозні організаційні недоліки, які вплинули на кінцевий наслідок захворювання. Це свідчить про необхідність чіткої організації надавання допомоги таким хворим, у зв’язку з чим нами був створений алгоритм надавання медичної допомоги хворим на тяжкі форми дифтерії. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11230
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Чемич, Микола Дмитрович, Николай Дмитриевич Чемич, Mykola Dmytrovych Chemych, Юрій Костянтинович Васильєв, Юрий Константинович Васильев, and Yurii Kostiantynovych Vasyliev. "Еволюція епідеміологічних особливостей дифтерії." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6136.

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Каплін, Микола Микитович, Николай Никитович Каплин, Mykola Mykytovych Kaplin, Тетяна Сергіївна Габелюк, Татьяна Сергеевна Габелюк, Tetiana Serhiivna Habeliuk, Галина Іванівна Христенко, et al. "Показатели антитоксического иммунитета у больных дифтерией." Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 1997. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24816.

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Васильєв, Костянтин Костянтинович, Константин Константинович Васильев, Kostiantyn Kostiantynovych Vasyliev, Юрій Костянтинович Васильєв, Юрий Константинович Васильев, and Yurii Kostiantynovych Vasyliev. "Я.Ю. Бардаха (1857-1929): исследования по серопрофилактике дифтерии." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7899.

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Books on the topic "Diphtheria"

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Guilfoile, Patrick. Diphtheria. New York: Chelsea House, 2009.

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Quebec (Province). Central Board of Health., ed. Diphtheria. [Montréal?: s.n., 1991.

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S, Wheeler Ben, ed. Trends in diphtheria research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2006.

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1863-1902, Johnston Wyatt, ed. Anomalous cases of primary nasal diphtheria. [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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Throm, Carola. Das Diphtherieserum: Ein neues Therapieprinzip, seine Entwicklung und Markteinführung. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1995.

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Québec (Province). Bureau central de santé., ed. La Diphthérie et les moyens de s'en préserver. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Ritterbeck, Josef. Zur Geschichte des "Croup" im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert: Diagnostik und Therapie einer bis heute umstrittenen Erkrankung des Kehlkopfes und der Luftröhre. Herzogenrath: Murken-Altrogge, 1990.

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Fitzgerald, J. G. An analysis of diphtheria deaths in Ontario. [Toronto]: University of Toronto Press, 1995.

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Salisbury, Gay. The cruellest miles: The heroic story of dogs and men in a race against an epidemic. London: Bloomsbury, 2003.

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Nemoto, Haruko. Hida Otoichi den. Tōkyō: Nemoto Haruko, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diphtheria"

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Al-Shaalan, Mohammad. "Diphtheria." In Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics, 985–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_80.

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Hardy, Iain R. B. "Diphtheria." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 253–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5327-4_14.

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Dhillon, Ramindar S., and James W. Fairley. "Diphtheria." In Multiple-choice Questions in Otolaryngology, 186. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10805-3_274.

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Gilbert, Patricia. "Diphtheria." In The A-Z Reference Book of Childhood Conditions, 57–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7098-5_13.

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Kole, Alakes Kumar, and Dalia Chanda Kole. "Diphtheria." In Infections of the Ears, Nose, Throat, and Sinuses, 231–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74835-1_19.

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Pollock, Helen M. "Diphtheria." In Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, 208–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3898-0_22.

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Burkovski, Andreas. "Diphtheria." In The Prokaryotes, 237–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30144-5_96.

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Domachowske, Joseph. "Diphtheria." In Vaccines, 131–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58414-6_10.

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Guo, Yinglin, Xue Yin, and Bailu Liu. "Diphtheria." In Radiology of Infectious Diseases: Volume 2, 83–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9876-1_7.

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Wehrle, Paul F. "Diphtheria." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 227–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1211-7_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diphtheria"

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H, Juma, Worku DT, Evboumwan PE, Katuala Y, Mbuyi Y, Yarlagadda SK, Ale F, et al. "Decentralised model of care (DMC) in response to a diphtheria outbreak in Kano, Nigeria: Strategy implementation." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/sh2biq8fol.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diphtheria is a vaccine preventable disease caused by toxicogenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Since declaration of an outbreak in Nigeria in December 2022, Kano state has been its epicentre, with 77% of the 12,581 confirmed cases nationally. In response, a Decentralised Model of Care (DMC) for delivering proximal, fast, and easily accessible curative and preventive community-based health care was introduced in Kano. Here, we describe implementation of this DMC and assess its impact in reducing mortality from diphtheria during this outbreak. METHODS Components of DMC: • OPD for the triaging and management of mild cases • Contact clinic (mobile and fixed) to improve access to preventative care for close contacts Main packages of DMC: • Health and Infection Prevention and Control promotion • Chemoprophylaxis and vaccination for close contacts • Identification and management of simple cases • Referral of complicated cases • Training of health workers DMC was implemented within existing public health facilities for outpatient services, and in the community for the management of close contacts. The selection of facilities was guided by epidemiological data analysis and mapping. Chi-square testing was used for analysing statistical significance on mortality before and after the implementation of DMC. RESULTS Between weeks 2 and 48 of 2023, the health facilities included in this study managed a total of 12,662 suspected diphtheria cases. From this, 1,987 cases (136 deaths; CFR 6.84%) were managed before implementation of DMC (before week 34), and 10,675 cases (611 deaths; CFR 5.72%) were managed after its implementation (from week 34 to 48). One-tailed Chi-square testing showed a statistically significant difference in mortality before and after implementation (p-value 0.02). CONCLUSIONS DMC may have contributed to the reduction of mortality in healthcare facilities. Upon in-depth analysis of the impact of DMC, it may be recommended for implementation in large outbreaks. Further studies, however, need to be conducted to assess the role of DMC in improving patients’ access to healthcare and reducing the burden on healthcare facilities during massive outbreaks.
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Suhendri, Mohamad Rahman, and Pariawan Lutfi Ghazali. "The Determinants of Diphtheria Outbreak in Cirebon City." In 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020–Health Science and Nursing (ICoSIHSN 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210115.013.

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Purnama, Yenny, Muhammad Hatta, and M. Nasser. "Application of Law Toward Disclaimer of Diphtheria Immunization." In International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200226.016.

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Revenko, Heorhii. "SEROPREVALENCE OF DIPHTHERIA IMMUNITY AMONG HIV-INFECTED ADULTS." In SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE: MODERN AND CLASSICAL RESEARCH METHODS. European Scientific Platform, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-26.02.2021.v3.17.

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Berger, A., A. Dangel, A. Sprenger, K. Bengs, R. Konrad, and A. Sing. "25 years of lab-based surveillance by the Consiliary Laboratory of Diphtheria help detecting an European outbreak of imported diphtheria." In Der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst – Rückenwind für Gesundheit! 73. Wissenschaftlicher Kongress | BVÖGD e.V., BZÖG e.V., DGÖG e.V. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782026.

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Badamshina, G. G., E. P. Sizova, and L. M. Fatkhutdinova. "STUDY OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY TO INFECTIONS IN MEDICAL WORKERS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-44-47.

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Abstract: Introduction. In the course of their work, medical workers are exposed to a biological factor, including bacterial, viral nature. Medical personnel come into contact with patients with measles, rubella, diphtheria, tuberculosis, hepatitis, coronavirus infection and other infectious diseases. The aim of the study is to assess the humoral immunity by the presence antibodies to the measles, rubella, hepatitis B viruses, to the causative agent COVID-19, tuberculosis and diphtheria bacteria in health care workers. Methods. Antibodies to measles, rubella, hepatitis B viruses, diphtheria and tetanus pathogens were measured in blood serum samples of 1221 MW; total antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis - in 120 MW; antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus – in 301 MW. The study was carried out by the method of enzyme immunoassay using commercial test systems; antibodies to diphtheria toxoid were detected in the passive hemagglutination reaction. The control group consisted of persons of engineering and technical personnel, comparable in age, gender and work experience. Results. Medical personnel were found to have significantly more frequent detection of seronegative reactions to the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis B virus (40.9% and 13.5%, p<0.001) of measles (28.8% and 3.9%, p<0.05); significantly high prevalence in the presence of total antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis (7.5% of cases in medical, 0% of cases of workers in the control group, p<0.05). In comparison with doctors, nurses had a significantly higher prevalence of antibodies to the nucleocapsid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (38.9% and 23.7%, p<0.05). Conclusions. The study of post-vaccination immunity in medical workers showed the presence of a high proportion of seronegative individuals among vaccinated (viral hepatitis B, measles) medical workers and, accordingly, significant biological risks. A higher seroprevalence in total antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis may also indicate insufficient immune protection among MW. The biological significance of seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins (for nurses) requires further study.
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Chumachenko, Dmytro, Ievgen Meniailov, Kseniia Bazilevych, and Andrii Chukhray. "Intelligent Multiagent Approach to Diphtheria Infection Epidemic Process Simulation." In 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ukrcon.2019.8879798.

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Palupi, Fitria Hayu. "Health Education on Diphtheria at Wonorejo, Karanganyar, Central Java." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.02.40.

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Anggraeni, Wiwik, Dina Nandika, Faizal Mahananto, Yeyen Sudiarti, and Cut Alna Fadhilla. "Diphtheria Case Number Forecasting using Radial Basis Function Neural Network." In 2019 3rd International Conference on Informatics and Computational Sciences (ICICoS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicos48119.2019.8982403.

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Isnanto, R. Rizal, Mustafid, Agung Budi Prasetijo, and Safira Isna Fitria Ali. "Expert System for Diagnosis of Diphtheria Disease Using Fuzzy Logic." In 2023 6th International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isriti60336.2023.10467389.

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Reports on the topic "Diphtheria"

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Lewin, Simon, Sebastián García Martí, Agustín Ciapponi, Shaun Treweek, and Andy Oxman. What are the effects of interventions to improve childhood vaccination coverage? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/16081605.

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Routine vaccination during childhood is considered to be the single most effective way of controlling many infectious diseases, including measles, polio, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus, and reducing child mortality and morbidity. However, not all children receive their recommended vaccinations. Different approaches that aim to increase childhood vaccination coverage include health education, monetary incentives for clients, provider oriented interventions, system interventions such as integration, home visits and reminders for parents.
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Corbacho, Ana, Steve Brito, and Rene Osorio Rivas. Does Birth Underregistration Reduce Childhood Immunization?: Evidence from the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011512.

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Birth registration is not only a fundamental human right, but also a requirement for obtaining additional documents, proving legal identity, and accessing a number of government benefits. Yet, little is known about the effects of birth under-registration on access to health care. Using data from the Dominican Republic, this paper is the first to shed light on the causal impact of the lack of birth registration on childhood immunization, one of the key components of public services in many developing countries. Controlling for potential endogeneity and standard socioeconomic determinants of immunization, this paper finds that children between 0 and 59 months of age that do not have birth certificates are behind by nearly one vaccine (out of a total of nine) compared to those that have birth certificates. The results are robust to several robustness tests and threats to the exclusion restriction of the instrumental variables. Birth under-registration specifically reduces the probability of vaccination against polio, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus--once leading causes of child morbidity and infant mortality. In addition, untimely vaccination costs governments billions per year in treatment and rehabilitation.
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Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.

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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.
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