Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dioxyde de carbone – Absorption'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Dioxyde de carbone – Absorption.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Almantariotis, Dimitrios. "Captage du dioxyde de carbone par des liquides ioniques partiellement fluorés." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671346.
Full textBenizri, David. "Epuration du biogaz à la ferme : EPUROGAS, une solution énergétique et économique d'avenir. Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'un procédé d'absorption de dioxyde de carbone avec de l'eau sous pression à une échelle industrielle." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0024/document.
Full textBiogas upgrading is a key technology for the renewable energy mix of tomorrow. Biogas is a mix of Carbon Dioxide (40%) and Methane (55%). It is obtained thanks to the anaerobic digestion of organic matter. The adapted High Pressure Water Scrubbing process was studied in this thesis. The process was installed in farm and operated at a real scale for upgrading biogas flows up to 40 Nm3/h. It is called EPUROGAS. Two main research axes were obtained with a preliminary study on a prototype: biogas leaks were detected at the water outlet and stripping water with air allowed both CH4 and CO2 production. Works have led through innovation with two patents: an enlarged column bottom and a static mixer to enhance CO2 desorption from water. During this work, experimental results were collected during operation and statistically studied. Thanks to theoretical studies, two predictive models were built to predict CO2 absorption efficiency and CH4 rate recover. Moreover, two complementary processes were studied. SATUROMETRIX is a laboratory apparatus that aims to characterize gas/liquid equilibrium under pressure for mixed gases and a complex liquid phase. PSA system is an adsorption process for biogas upgrading operating with biogas or half upgraded biogas. It leads to Compressed Natural Gas at 200 bars. Finally, EPUROGAS and PSA were coupled in order to conduct their energetic study and their Life Cycle Analysis
Knöfel, Christina. "Synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of porous materials for the adsorption of carbon dioxide." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11005.
Full textDans ce travail, des oxydes mesoporeux, tels que silice, oxyde de titane et oxyde de zircone ont été synthétisés en utilisant un copolymère à triblock comme agent structurant. De plus, la silice et l’oxyde de titane ont été fonctionnalisés avec différentes molécules d'aminosilane. La caractérisation des matériaux préparés a été effectuée par diverses méthodes, telles que la sorption d'azote, la spectroscopie infrarouge (ATR) et la diffraction des rayons X. Les matériaux ont été examinés pour leurs propriétés d'adsorption du dioxyde de carbone utilisant principalement la microcalorimétrie. Dans certains cas, des mesures de spectroscopie IR in-situ et des calculs théoriques de DFT ont été effectués pour mieux comprendre les résultats obtenus par microcalorimétrie d’adsorption. En ce qui concerne les différentes propriétés d'adsorption nous avons mis en évidence que la functionalisation des emplacements d'amine sur les matériaux de silice a amélioré de manière significative les capacités d'adsorption. Une comparaison des différents oxydes a confirmé que les propriétés d'adsorption dépendent principalement de la force du lien du métal-oxygène dans les oxydes mais également des caractéristiques de texture, telles que la porosité
Stevanovic, Stéphane. "Absorption sélective de gaz par des liquides ioniques basés sur des anions carboxylates ou des anions tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphates." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822155.
Full textAouini, Ismaël. "Captage du dioxyde de carbone en postcombustion : Application à un incinérateur de déchets industriels : Etude expérimentale à l’échelle pilote." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0004.
Full textThis research is part of a survey designed to establish the viability of the CO2 recovery as a raw material from an industrial waste incinerator.. Several commercial licenses are available to capture CO2 in flue gas, but there are no references for incinerators. This work studies with a pilot the post-combustion CO2 capture from incinerator flue gas using absorption/desorption process with 30 %wt monoethanolamine (MEA). A literature review identifies the technology gaps. Then, the pilot setup was described. A parametric study has evaluated the pilot performance for CO2 capture and energy consumption. Finally, Long runs (5 days) have studied the solvent chemical stability in front of incinerator flue gas. The laboratory experiments show that CO2 capture form incinerator flue gas is possible
Detallante, Virginie. "Influence de l'humidité sur les propriétés de transport de gaz d'une membrane de polyimide sulfone naphthalénique." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES016.
Full textAït-Ameur, Nadira. "Contribution à la quantification du CO2 anthropique en mer Méditerranée et en mer de Ross." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0777.
Full textIn order to improve our understanding of the role of the ocean in the uptake of excess CO2, we estimate the anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the Ross Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea. In the Ross Sea the different water masses are invaded by anthropogenic CO2 with a mean concentration of 28 ± 2 µmol/kg in the shelf waters (500-800m) and 7 ± 2 µmol/kg in the deep waters (1500-1800m). Since the beginning of the industrialisation the waters stored 8. 57 10-4 ± 3 10-4 GtC/year which represent approximately 4% of the Austral ocean uptake. The shelf water circulation on the shelf break provides approximately 38% the anthropogenic CO2 to the deep water contributing to its long term storage. In the Western Mediterranean Sea, the intermediate (400-800m) and deep waters (2000m) are characterized by high anthropogenic carbon concentrations with a mean of 64. 4 ± 4 µmol/kg in the intermediate waters and 72. 6 ± 5 µmol/kg in the deep waters. The modification of the circulation that affected the eastern basin (EMT, Eastern Mediterranean Transient) seems to affect also the anthropogenic CO2 storage in the western basin leading to a decrease of 8 µmol/kg in the intermediate water over the last decade. In the gulf of Lion the distribution of fCO2 and the air-sea CO2 exchange are influenced by riverine (Rhone) input. During our investigation this area appears to be a slight source of CO2 for the atmosphere with a mean net flux of +17. 7 mmol/m2/day. In the Mediterranean Sea as in the Ross Sea, the formation of deep water and water circulation are the main processes involved in sequestration of anthropogenic CO2: the Ross Sea shelf water spreading to the deep ocean and the Mediterranean water residence time with its exchange with the Atlantic Ocean. The anthropogenic CO2 exported from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean represents up to 4. 8% (0. 03 to 0. 06 GtC/year) of the total CO2 exported. The Mediterranean Sea is thus a significant source of anthropogenic CO2 to the Atlantic Ocean. It seems to be a concentration basin where, as a consequence of their long residence time, the deep waters are enriched in anthropogenic CO2
Jay, Sophie. "Etude expérimentale de la solubilté du soufre dans le gaz naturel." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3024.
Full textFor several years occurrence of sulphur deposits in natural gas transmission facilities is observed. Mainly located downstream of a pressure reduction facility, these deposits lead to many security problems and represent a significant additional financial cost for the operator. The literature review on this topic has shown a total lack of experimental data of sulphur solubility in natural gas under conditions of temperature and pressure of transport of natural gas. So, an experimental apparatus has been developed. The operating procedure is divided into three steps. The first step is to saturate a gas in sulphur. The second step is the trapping of sulphur in vapour phase contained in the saturated gas stream by reactive absorption after a flash. The final step is the analysis of the trapping solution by Gas Chromatography for trapped sulphur quantification. Once the operating procedure validated, the solubility of sulphur in carbon dioxide has been studied between 100 and 400 bar for two temperatures (363. 15 K and 333. 15 K). These experimental data allowed optimizing the CO2/S8 binary interaction coefficient of a thermodynamic model of sulphur deposition in natural gas developed in the LaTEP
Vasilchenko, Semen. "Development of an ultrasensitive cavity ring down spectrometer in the 2.10-2.35 µm region : application to water vapor and carbon dioxide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY037/document.
Full textA cavity ring down spectrometer has been developed in the 2.00-2.35 µm spectral range to achieve highly sensitive absorption spectroscopy of molecules of atmospheric and planetologic interest and at high spectral resolution. This spectral region corresponds to a transparency window for water vapor and carbon dioxide. Atmospheric windows, where absorption is weak, are used to sound the Earth’s and Venus’ atmospheres where water vapor and carbon dioxide represent the main gaseous absorbers in the infrared, respectively.The CRDS technique consists of injecting photons inside a high finesse optical cavity and measuring the photon’s life time of this cavity. This life-time depends on the mirror reflectivity and on the intra-cavity losses due to the absorbing gas in the cavity. Measuring these losses versus the wavelength allow obtaining the absorption spectrum of the gas. The extreme reflectivity of the mirrors allows reaching, for a 1-meter long cavity, a sensitivity equivalent to the one obtained classically with absorption cells of several thousands of kilometers.Three DFB laser diodes emitting around 2.35, 2.26, 2.21 µm were used with this spectrometer giving access to the 4249-4257, 4422-4442 and 4516-4534 cm-1 interval, respectively. Thanks to optical feedback from an external cavity, two of these diodes were spectrally narrowed leading to a better injection of the high finesse cavity thus reducing the noise level of the spectrometer. In parallel, we tested a VECSEL (Vertical-external-Cavity, Surface Emitting laser) through a collaboration with the Institu d’Electronique (IES, UMR 5214) in Montpellier and the Innoptics firm. This laser source is able to cover a 80 cm-1 spectral range centered at 4340 cm-1, equivalent to four DFB laser diodes. In routine the achieved sensitivity with this spectrometer, corresponding to the minimum detectable coefficient is typically of 1×10-10 cm-1. The introductive chapter (Chapter 1) makes the point on the different techniques allowing absorption spectra recordings in the studied spectral region and on their sensitivity. The experimental set-up, the characteristics and performances by the CRD spectrometer developed in this work are detailed in Chapter 2. To our knowledge this instrument is the most sensitive in the considered spectral region.In Chapter 3, detection of quadrupolar electric transitions of HD and N2 illustrate the level of sensitivity reached: (i) the S(3) transition in the 1-0 band of HD has been recorded for the first time and its intensity measured (S=2.5×10-27 cm/molecule), (ii) the position and intensity of the highly forbidden O(14) quadrupolar electric transition of the 2-0 band of N2 have also been newly determined.The two last chapters are devoted to the characterization of the CO2 absorption, in the centre of the transparency window, and of the water vapor absorption. In both cases, we not only studied the allowed transitions of the monomer, but also the continuum absorption. This latter correspond to a weak background absorption varying slowly with the wave length. The self-continuum cross-sections of the water vapor continuum were measured in many spectral points through the transparency window with a much better accuracy compared to existing measurements. These CRDS data constitute a valuable data set to validate the reference model (MT_CKD) for the continuum which is implemented in most of the atmospheric radiative transfer codes
Cheng, Hao. "Etude d'absorption chimique du dioxyde de carbone : transfert de masse en écoulement diphasique dans un minicanal et conception d'un nouvel absorbeur multicanaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU4030.
Full textMicro/minichannel devices show great interests for their potential in efficient CO2 chemical absorption in the context of the carbon capture. This PhD these aims to characterize and investigate the transport mechanisms involved in chemical reactionaccompanied two-phase mass transfer in minichannel, and to design and develop novel miniaturized CO2 absorbers featuring intensified structures and optimized absorption performances. Firstly, bubble dynamics within a T-junction straight minichannel were optically observed, showing that the chemical reaction tends to suppress bubble breakup while promoting its shrinkage. Then, the velocity field and CO2 concentration field in the liquid slug were determined using PTV and pH-sensitive colorimetry, respectively, permitting the development of a modified unit-cell mass transfer model that incorporates the effects of flow recirculation and chemical reaction. Further enhancement was achieved by embedding a spiral distributed baffle structure into the minichannel, leading to a significant increase in mass transfer coefficient with only a minor rise in pressure drop. Finally, building on this intensification measure, a novel design for an integrated multichannel CO2 absorber was proposed, featuring paralleling units of conjugated double-helix cross minichannels (Codohec). A lab-scale module of this design was realized, and its absorption performance was comprehensively evaluated, highlighting various advantages including a high mass transfer coefficient, acceptable energy consumption, high remove rate, and large CO2 treatment capacity. These findings may provide new insights into the underlying transport mechanisms of chemical reaction-accompanied gas-liquid mass transfer and contribute to the design and optimization of highly efficient miniaturized CO2 absorbers for industry applications
Guo, Yicang. "Thermodynamic modelling of mixtures related to absorption refrigeration systems and CO2 capture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAE019.
Full textCO2 emissions from industrial activities have been a major factor in the rapid rise in global temperatures over the last century. The threat of global warming has prompted most industrialized countries to commit to reducing CO2 concentrations. This thesis focuses on two themes related to CO2 emission reduction. The first part is to use absorption heat pump systems to convert low-grade energy into high-grade energy, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of industrial systems, reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The ELV data of IL-water solutions were correlated using NRTL and e-NRTL models. Additional calculations were performed to evaluate the performance of working fluids in ARS under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the selected working pair has good performance and potential to replace traditional pairs.The second part of the thesis focuses on the modeling of mixtures containing CO2, and in particular mixtures with alkanes and refrigerants. The multipolar version of the SAFT-VR Mie equation of state was chosen to study the phase behaviour and transport properties of these mixtures. A predictive model for these mixtures was thus developed, in order to determine their phase equilibria. A very good agreement with the pure component and mixture experimental data is obtained, demonstrating the important role of the multipolar term in the equation of state
Bendamardji, Sofiane. "Etude d'un capteur de CO2 à fibre optique et principe d'opto-alimentation." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30031.
Full textClavelin, Pierre. "Contribution à l’étude de la pollution des sols par des composés organochlorés : : préparation de mélanges témoins - : Etude comparative de techniques d'extraction." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0088.
Full textIn a first step, we have tried to prepare dry or humidified mixtures composed with clays or real soils homogeneously spiked by organochlorine pollutants (Pyralène Tl, chlorophenols). Beyond the homogeneity aspect, we wanted to know if the preparation procedure allow to obtain pollutant adsorption on the absorbent. Finally we propose a protocol (with a rotary evaporator) satisfying the homogeneity critter. However, we observe some pollutant losses and we show that, for dry mixtures, the pollutant is not adsorbed but only coats soil particles. We demonstrate the water effect on adsorption. In a second step, with these synthetic mixtures, we compared the efficiency of four types of extraction techniques: thermal way (micro sublimation, thermal desorption, pyro-injection), by liquid organic solvents (Soxhlet, Soxtec), by carbon dioxide (liquid, gas or supercritical) and by water leaching (at various temperature and pression conditions). Good recoveries are found with techniques using temperature and/or pressure (micro-sublimation) an and an solvent (water, carbon dioxide or organic solvent). As well as adsorption, water influences desorption quality
Richard, Valérie. "Intégration d'un procédé de récupération du CO2 par membrane, dans le schéma d'une centrale thermique IGCC en vue de son stockage." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL141N.
Full textCombustion power plants are an important localized source of COz, and are therefore appropriate for considering its recovery, for subsequent injection in oil wells or other possible modes of disposai. The present study is in the context of an futegrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle power plant (IGCC), producing after conversion a pressurized hot mixture containing COz and Hz as major components. It appears appropriate to recover a part of CO2 from this mixture, before hydrogen is burnt in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine. Severa! potential COz recovery techniques can be considered : absorption, adsorption, membrane and cryogenie processes. Although these technologies are basically feasible from a technical viewpoint, their efficiency, reliability, long-term performance and economies are still uncertain. Among_ these technologies, membrane processes seem attractive, because they are continuous, and less sensitive to operating parameters than other techniques. An experimental study has been performed on inorganic membranes, in order to evaluate membrane performances, the aim being to design the separation unit. Based on experimental results, the power plant with conversion unit, membrane unit, and CO2 liquefaction system has been modelled in order to evaluate the overall energy penalty
Cadours, Renaud. "Absorption-désorption des gaz acides par des solutions aqueuses d'amines." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1998. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005592.
Full textZaidiza, David Ricardo Albarracin. "Modelling of Hollow Fibre Membrane Contactors : Application to Post-combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0035/document.
Full textPost-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) is an important strategy in mitigating greenhouse effect. The reference process in PCC is the CO2 absorption into amine aqueous solutions, followed by the regeneration (or stripping) of the solvent. The robustness of packed columns makes it the standard technology for both absorption and stripping steps. However, the treatment of large quantities of flue gases requires itself equipment of a large size. Hollow fibre membrane contactors (HFMC) are considered as one of the most promising strategies for intensified CO2 absorption process, due to their significantly higher interfacial area than that of packed columns, allowing to reduce the equipment size. In addition, this would reduce the energy penalty of the process by reducing the required amount of stripping steam. However, despite the potential advantages of HFMC, very few investigations have studied implementing this technology for PCC within an industrial framework. To fill this lack, the performances of both absorption and stripping steps using HFMC under industrial conditions were estimated by modelling and simulation. To identify the optimal modelling strategy, transfer models with different levels of complexity were developed ranging from one-dimensional isothermal single-component to two-dimensional adiabatic multi-component. Simulation results of both absorption and stripping steps revealed that, compared to traditional packed columns, contactor volume reduction factors comprised between 4 and 10 might be achieved using HFMC. However, since the stripping operating conditions are very close to thermodynamic equilibrium, HFMC can hardly reduce the energy consumption of the process
Scaglione, Nicolas. "Selective separation of gases by carboxylate phosphonium ionic liquids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0030.
Full textThe capture of polluting gases such as CO2 and SO2 presents a significant challenge in mitigating the environmental impact of human activities. To address this challenge, we propose the development of new materials based on reactive ionic liquids (ILs) as absorbents, with low environmental impact and cost-effectiveness. ILs are non-volatile compounds with a melting temperature below 100°C, capable of dissolving a wide range of substances due to their versatile cation-anion combinations. With unique properties like low flammability, high conductivity, and thermal stability, ILs hold promise for various applications, including gas absorption. The wide range of possible combinations of cations and anions allow for the design of a multitude of ionic solvents with tunable properties. A novel family of ILs comprising carboxylate anions and phosphonium cations for the selective separation of CO2 and SO2 has been developed and prepared. Through rigorous experimental and computational analyses, we investigated their physicochemical properties, thermal behavior, and microscopic structure. They notably displayed promising thermal stability and a large liquid window. It was possible to distinguish the microscopic structure of the ILs based on the substituents of the carboxylate anions. [P4,4,4,4][TetrazC1COO] appeared as an outlier with peculiar anion-anion correlations. Measurements of gas absorption as a function of temperature and partial pressure revealed the crucial role of carboxylate anion basicity in CO2 capture capacity, but not in SO2 capture. The pKa of corresponding carboxylic acids in water of each carboxylate anion was nonetheless determinant for the reversibility of SO2 capture, and crucial for achieving high selectivity over CO2. The related thermodynamics properties were carefully studied and interpreted based on the equilibrium constants and Henry's law constants, obtained from the absorption isotherm fittings, and ab initio simulations. Exploratory projects were carried out to consider other potential applications of these ILs and their mixtures in electrochemistry due to their high electrochemical stability, but also as plastic crystals. These studies pave the way for understanding the properties of these ILs, guiding future research in this field
Toro, Molina Carol. "Comparaison du captage du CO2 en postcombustion par des solutions d'ammoniaque et d'amines organiques : Évaluation en contacteurs direct et indirect, par des approches cinétiques, thermodynamiques et par modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935386.
Full textAcef, Mohand Ouali. "Améliorations et comparaisons d'étalons de fréquences optiques : développement d'un spectromètre à très haute résolution autour de 28 THz et application à la spectroscopie de SF6." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112052.
Full textPeredo, Mancilla Joselin Deneb. "Adsorption and Separation of Carbon Dioxide for Biomethane Production : The Use of Activated Carbons." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3012/document.
Full textBiomethane is a proven source of clean energy, it is one of the most cost-effective and environment-friendly substitute for natural gas and diesel. The European Union primary energy production from biomethane has folded by ~23 times in a 5 years time period (2011-2016) making necessary to find new and improved solutions for the separation of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), main components of biogas. In this context, the objective of this doctoral thesis is the determination of performance indicators such as the adsorption capacity and selectivity of activated carbons (ACs) for the CH4/ CO2 separation. This work focuses on the adsorption properties of activated carbons for the methane/carbon dioxide separation. To this end, CH4 and CO2 pure gas experimental adsorption isotherms of activated carbons were obtained on a pressure range of 0.1 to 3 MPa) and temperatures ranging from 303 to 323 K. The first part of this thesis project consisted in the analysis of the CH4 and CO2 pure gas adsorption properties of 5 commercial activated carbons Using a set of five commercial activated carbons a linear relationship between the adsorbent surface area and the CO2 adsorption capacity was determined. The micropore volume also showed a direct influence on the adsorption capacity. The second part of this work consisted in the study of the carbon dioxide and methane adsorption behavior of biomass-based activated carbons. Using a series of 3 ACs that had been obtained from olive stones by different activation methods, the activation technique proved to be of mayor importance as it determines the textural and chemical properties of the adsorbent and thus its gas adsorption capacity.Lastly, the CH4/CO2 adsorption selectivity of the 5 commercial activated carbons was calculated from the equimolar mixture adsorption isotherms. The selectivity factor was proven to be dependent on the sum of textural and chemical properties of the samples. Although, activated carbons with high average pore sizes and surface areas depicted higher adsorbed quantities it was on detriment of their selectivity. The selectivity was found to be better for the activated carbon showing an intermediate surface area and a narrow pore size distribution. In addition, the presence of sulfur functionalities was also found to improve the adsorption selectivity. Overall, this work shows that activated carbons are competitive materials for the upgrading of biogas, displaying adsorption properties comparable to those of other commercially available materials
Descamps, Cathy. "Etude de la capture du CO2 [dioxyde de carbone] par absorption physique dans les systèmes de production d'électricité basés sur la gazéification du charbon intégrée à un cycle combiné." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005506.
Full textChabanon, Élodie. "Contacteurs à membranes composites et contacteurs microporeux pour procédés gaz-liquide intensifiés de captage du CO2 en post-combustion : expérimentation et modélisation." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0061.
Full textThe decrease of the CO2 anthropogenic emissions is one of the main aims of the 21st century. Different processes are developed in order to capture CO2, but gas-liquid absorption in packed columns is considered as the reference postcombustion technology. Membrane contactors, which could potentially decrease by a factor 2 to 10 the size of the absorption units due to an increased interfacial area (1000 to 5000 m2. M-3 ), a so-called intensification effect, have been investigated in this study. Two kind of hollow fibers are studied: microporous and composite membranes (i. E. A dense polymeric skin coated on a porous support). In a first part, a series of experiments is reported to evaluate the influence of some geometric and operating parameters on the process capture performances and on the mass transfer characteristics. Results obtained on short time scale experiments are in agreement to the literature results. Even though a dense skin layer on a porous support generates an additional resistance to the mass transfer, a dedicated study carried out on long time scale (several hundreds hours) show for the first time that mass transfer performances of composite fibers can be similar to microporous unwetted membranes. Moreover, the wetting resistance of the composite fibers compared to microporous hollow fibers (PP and PTFE) is clearly demonstrated. In a second part, a comparative study of different mathematical models with increasing complexity is carried out. One parameter is used to fit the experimental results: the membrane mass transfer coefficient (km). Km values obtained through curve fits are in the range of data reported in the literature (10-2 to 10-5 m. S-1). However, the assumption of a km effective value which would depend of the operating conditions is addressed and discussed. This approach is different from the studies reported in the literature which generally postulates a single value for a given membrane material. Under these conditions, the composite membrane interest, which shows a constant and probably predictable value of the membrane mass transfer coefficient due to their wetting resistance, seems to be promising to intensify the gas-liquid absorption process in CO2 postcombustion capture
Archane, Anas. "Etude de l'absorption des gaz acides dans des solvants mixtes : développement d'une approche expérimentale originale et modélisation des données par une équation d'état d'électrolytes." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP1599.
Full textThe aim of this study is the characterisation of VLE and chemical equilibria for the systems CO2/Diethanolamine-(DEA)/H2O/MeOH and CO2/Diethanolamine-(DEA)/H2O/PEG400. The effect of physical solvent composition on CO2 absorption has been studied using four compositions (from 0% to 30wt% of alcohol with a fixed composition-30%- of DEA), the measurement being made at T=298. 15K and at various CO2 loading (0 to 0. 9). The experimental measures concerned a both solubility data and liquid phase analysis was obtained. The effect of MeOH composition has been studied using the original experimental device developed previously (Sidi-Boumedine, 2003). For the system with PEG 400, a new experimental device excluding the pressure limitation of the precedent experimental device was developed. The original data base obtained, including the new solubility data and the liquid phase composition, allows the modelling of the system CO2/DEA/H2O/MeOH using an electrolyte equation of state (Fürst, 1993) representing the equilibrium properties of the system and the liquid phase speciation
Trillat, Jean-Frédéric. "Réduction de NO par CO sur catalyseurs bimétalliques Pd-Mn : application à la conversion de mélanges complexes en post-combustion automobile (moteurs à essence)." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10029.
Full textShibata, Fernando Shiniti. "Absorção de gás carbônico para beneficiamento de biogás utilizando carbonatos em coluna recheada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-24102017-112603/.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study the use of potassium carbonate for CO2 absorption, aiming to use this technology for biogas upgrade for small and medium scale plants. The study was divided in three parts. In the first one, a factorial design was done, based in results obtained by simulation via ASPEN Plus, to verify the influence of four process variables, namely: liquid volumetric flow rate, gas volumetric flow rate, solution concentration and liquid temperature. Secondly, CO2 absorption experiments were run in columns packed with glass Raschig rings, using potassium carbonate, in order to compare the results obtained by the factorial design and to study the solution\'s potential for biogas upgrade. Lastly, four substances were separately mixed into potassium carbonate solutions, aiming to verify their potential as CO2 absorption promoters. The results of the factorial design presented the liquid temperature, the liquid volumetric flow rate and the solution concentration as the most positively influential independent variables in carbon dioxide absorption, while the gas volumetric flow rate had a negative influence with low intensity. The amount of CO2 absorbed in solution without promoters and in ambient pressure was low, fact that is mentioned by other researchers. The use of promoters allowed a substantial increase in efficiency of CO2 absorption, mainly with the use of piperazine.
Briand, Axel. "Étude d’un procédé de délamination en milieu CO2 supercritique pour le recyclage de modules photovoltaïques." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://theses.enscm.fr/interne/ENSCM_2022_BRIAND.pdf.
Full textThe volume of end-of-life photovoltaic panels to be managed will increase considerably over the next decade. In the context of an environmentally friendly circular economy, it is becoming more than necessary to develop efficient recycling processes. In this context, a delamination process using supercritical CO2 was studied for the recycling of end-of-life photovoltaic modules. The process studied in this thesis consists of a CO2 absorption phase within the encapsulating polymer, ethylene vinyl acetate, at a pressure level followed by a rapid depressurization leading to the foaming of the ethylene vinyl acetate. This foaming phenomenon leads to a loss of adhesion at the interfaces of the foamed polymer. This thesis proposes to study the phenomenology of each step. For this purpose, a coupling between a high-pressure cell and an optical device was used to allow in-situ observations of bubble formation and polymer expansion. Based on this understanding, the use of adapted operating parameters demonstrated the potentiality of the process for the complete delamination of photovoltaic modules for the specific recycling of each of its components
Ho, Ngoc linh. "Captage du CO2 par des solvants physiques confinés dans des materiaux poreux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22089.
Full textIn this work, we investigate the existence and the fundamentals mechanisms underlying the apparition of enhanced CO2 solubility in hybrid materials. A number of prospective solid supports and physical solvents are chosen and the synthesized hybrid adsorbents are subsequently evaluated by measuring CO2 adsorption isotherms. Generally, all the hybrid adsorbents show an enhancement of CO2 solubility compared with the bulk physical solvent. According to further investigation, we have obtained certain requisites for a good solid support, of which structure should be mesoporous with large surface area. In addition, there is an optimized solvent's size to achieve an enhanced solubility. As a result, among the candidates, the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone confined in MCM-41 adsorbent is proven to be the most suitable hybrid adsorbent for an effective CO2-removal application. In order to gain a deeper insight, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations are then performed to interpret the CO2 solubility behavior in a modeled system of hybrid MCM-41 adsorbent. As a result, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the apparition of enhanced solubility are then clearly identified. In fact, the presence of solvent molecules favors the layering of CO2 molecule within the pores thereby the CO2 solubility in hybrid adsorbent markedly increases in comparison with the one found in the raw adsorbent as well as in the bulk solvent. In addition, to fully evaluate the efficiency of hybrid adsorbents in capturing CO2, the sorbent-solid interactions along with the solvent molecular size impact on CO2 solubility are further investigated in this study. We found that an ideal hybrid system should possess a weak solvent-solid interaction but a strong solvent-CO2 affinity. Furthermore, an optimal solvent size is obtained for the enhanced CO2 solubility in the hybrid system. According to the simulation results, the solvent layer builds pseudo-micropores inside the mesoporous MCM-41, enabling more CO2 molecules to be absorbed under greater influence of spatial confinement and surface interaction
Daneshvar, Salehi Leila. "Description théorique des interférences de raies dans les spectres d'absorption et de diffusion de gaz moléculaire." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2009.
Full textModeling of line mixing in the molecular gas spectra is based on the concept of the relaxation matrix whose diagonal elements describe the isolated lines and non-diagonal elements represent the transfer of intensity between the lines. Thesenon-diagonal elements are modeled by applying scaling laws such as ECS (Energy-Corrected Sudden) model. We considered the CO2 molecule due to its important role in the terrestrial and planetary atmospheres. In addition, because of the small value of the rotational constant, the lines over lap, giving rise to the line-mixing.Using the new values of the tted parameters, we reviewed the application of ECSnon-Markovian (already developed for an isotropic Raman scattering spectra ofCO2) approach to isotropic Raman scattering spectra, rotational spectrum andro-vibrational spectra of 1 and 2 2 band. We also presented a generalization of this approach for the parallel and perpendicular bands of infrared absorption for linear molecules with the bending modes, and their applications for CO2 molecule
Yang, Wei. "Interactions de radionucléides et de CO2 avec les argiles : mécanismes à élucider à l’échelle nanométrique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10027/document.
Full textIn order to predict and regulate the environmental impact of human activities such as uranium mining and radioactive waste disposal, it is necessary to understand the behavior of actinides in the environment because their interaction with clay mineral is an important factor to control the migration of radionuclide in the environment. The behavior of actinides in the soil is mainly the surface adsorption interactions, which change the forms of radioactive elements and reduces the mobility of actinides in the natural systems. Therefore, it is important to search how the actinides interact with clay mineral such as the fundamental process of surface precipitation. Uranium is the predominant heavy metal content of the final waste in the nuclear fuel cycle (>95% UO2). In addition, uranium is a major contaminant in the soil, subsurface and groundwater as a result of human activity. Under standard environmental conditions, the most stable chemical form of U(VI) is the uranyl ion UO22+, which is potentially very mobile and readily complexates with organic and inorganic matter. On the other hand, Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas, warming the earth’s surface to a higher temperature by reducing outward radiation. However, problems may occur when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Amounts of carbon dioxide were produced since the industrial revolution, which is behind the significant global warming and rising sea level. Clay minerals are of great practical importance here, in storage of carbon dioxide due to its hydraulic permeability and ability to retain mobile species. We have chosen kaolinite and montmorillonite as prototypes of clay minerals of 1:1 and 2:1. Classical Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods have been used in this work in order to understand the adsorption behaviour of radionuclide and carbon dioxide in clays surface. In this thesis, we will investigate –first- the adsorption of uranyl on kaolinite surface by means of Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulation methods. Several adsorption sites have been modeled by considering surface defects in order to have inner or outer-sphere complexes. Then, the adsorptions of uranyl species onto Montmorillonite surfaces in the presence of different counterions will be performed. Interaction energy between Montmorillonite sheets and work of adhesion between the radionuclide and MMT surface will be discussed as well. Finally, we will study the adsorption behavior of carbon dioxide in MMT, and investigate at the same time thermodynamics, structural and dynamical properties
Gondal, Shahla. "Carbon dioxide absorption into hydroxide and carbonate systems." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemisk prosessteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27125.
Full textNeveux, Thibaut. "Modélisation et optimisation des procédés de captage de CO2 par absorption chimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0266/document.
Full textCO2 capture processes by chemical absorption lead to a large energy penalty on efficiency of coal-fired power plants, establishing one of the main bottleneck to its industrial deployment. The objective of this thesis is the development and validation of a global methodology, allowing the precise evaluation of the potential of a given amine capture process. Characteristic phenomena of chemical absorption have been thoroughly studied and represented with state-of-the-art models. The e-UNIQUAC model has been used to describe vapor-liquid and chemical equilibria of electrolyte solutions and the model parameters have been identified for four solvents. A rate-based formulation has been adopted for the representation of chemically enhanced heat and mass transfer in columns. The absorption and stripping models have been successfully validated against experimental data from an industrial and a laboratory pilot plants. The influence of the numerous phenomena has been investigated in order to highlight the most limiting ones. A methodology has been proposed to evaluate the total energy penalty resulting from the implementation of a capture process on an advanced supercritical coal-fired power plant, including thermal and electric consumptions. Then, the simulation and process evaluation environments have been coupled with a non-linear optimization algorithm in order to find optimal operating and design parameters with respect to energetic and economic performances
Ciriaco, Villegas Gabriela. "Etude des cinétiques d'absοrptiοn gaz liquide dans le cas de suppοrts innοvants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR19.
Full textThis thesis explores the kinetics of gas-liquid absorption using innovative supports, focusing on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (ChCl). The primary objective is to enhance the efficiency of carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture. Traditional amine-based solvents are compared with DESs, highlighting DESs' advantages such as low cost, low volatility, and high biodegradability. The research involves synthesizing and characterizing various ChCl-based solvents, including ChCl-glycerol and ChCl-potassium glycinate mixtures. Experimental studies on thermophysical properties—density, viscosity, refractive index, and gas solubility—reveal that increasing the water content in DESs reduces viscosity, thereby enhancing CO₂ solubility. The study also investigates the optimal ChCl concentration to balance reaction kinetics and diffusivity for maximum CO₂ absorption. Results indicate that while high ionic strength in DESs improves reaction rates, it also increases viscosity, potentially impeding CO₂diffusion. This research offers valuable insights for developing efficient CO₂ capture technologies, emphasizing the importance of optimizing thermal and compositional parameters
Hajj, Ali. "Coupling microwaves with a CO2 desorption process from amine solvent : experimental and modeling approaches." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0412.
Full textAs global energy needs will continue to be met by fossil-fuel based sources, a viable solution to reduce CO2 emissions would be to implement carbon capture technologies. CO2 capture by absorption in amine solvents ranks among the most advanced technologies to be implemented on post combustion units. Still, its application is remains constrained large point sources with small sources remaining difficult to decarbonize. Recently, microwave heating has gained in popularity due to its characteristics of selectiveness, volumetric nature, and ease of control; on the other hand, membrane contactors are promising gas-liquid contactors due to their compacity, operational flexibility, and ease scalability in comparison to packed columns. In this work we explore the operation of chemical desorption when a hollow fiber membrane contactor by microwave heating.A comprehensive understanding of the interactions of microwave fields and transfer phenomena is essential for the correct design, operation, and optimization of an industrial scale equipment. Hence CO2 desorption rates were experimentally studied at the local scale of a single millimetric fiber, placed in a mono-mode microwave cavity. Numerical modeling of the fiber allowed the visualization of the temperature gradients formed inside the solvent, and the corresponding local desorption rates. In parallel, a prototype-scale unit was designed for the desorption of CO2 at the scale of a hollow fiber module under microwave fields. To this end we designed a custom-design cavity was made to house a membrane module in such a manner that CO2 desorption would take place simultaneously with electromagnetic heating
Huet, Thierry. "Interférences entre raies spectrales : étude expérimentale et modélisation de l'absorption de Co2 vers 14 μm." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112376.
Full textLes problèmes liés au calcul de la transmission spectrale terrestre ont été à l'origine de cette étude : quels que soient les types de modélisation utilisés, ceux-ci butent sur l'impossibilité fondamentale à rendre compte des observations dans certaines des régions spectrales concernées. Ce travail, entrepris à la fois sur un plan expérimental et théorique, a donc consisté à modéliser l'absorption infrarouge de C02 dans la région de 14 µm. Dans cette région, la nécessité de tenir compte des effets d'interférence entre raies a été clairement mise en évidence, notamment dans la zone de la branche "Q" de la transition 10°← 0110 située à 720 cm-1. La technique expérimentale adoptée a été la spectroscopie par diodes laser accordables qui permet d'atteindre des résolutions voisines de 1. 10-3 cm-1. Nous avons ainsi pu mesurer avec précision les intensités et les coefficients d'élargissement des raies de cette branche. Nous avons ensuite effectué une série d'enregistrements pour observer l'évolution du profil d'absorption en fonction de la pression, et mettre en évidence les effets de non-additivité des profils. A partir de ces données expérimentales "haute pression" ainsi que des paramètres individuels de raies précédemment mesurés, un essai de modélisation théorique a été entrepris afin de rendre compte des écarts au profil de Lorentz usuellement adopté dans les modèles de reconstitution des profils spectraux. Cette modélisation requiert le calcul des éléments matriciels non-diagonaux de la matrice représentant l'opérateur de diffusion. Dans l'état actuel de la théorie, un calcul à priori de ces éléments est impraticable. On a donc adopté un modèle du type " loi d'échelle " qui a donné des résultats tout à fait satisfaisants
Dergal, Fatiha. "Captage du CO2 par les amines demixantes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10211.
Full textNowadays, CO2 capture by amines solvents is the most advanced technology to reduce CO2 industrial emissions. However, this technology presents some concerns. The major problem of this process, using monoethanolamine (MEA), is the high energy needed to regenerate the solvent and makes the process of CO2 capture very expensive. In order to reduce the high cost associated to the energy of regeneration, various breakthrough processes have been studied within the framework of FUI «ACACIA» which include several companies (IFPEN, RHODIA/SOLVAY, ARKEMA, LAFARGE, Gas of France, VEOLIA) and four academic laboratories (LMOPS, LSA, LTIM (ex-LTSP), IRCELyon): - CO2 Capture with gas hydrate formation. - Use of enzymes leading to process of less energy-consuming. - Use of multiamines to increase the quantity of CO2 absorbed or demixing amines which only allow the regeneration of the rich phase in CO2 (low cost for regeneration energy). Our contribution into the consortium has been the study of seven demixing amines or multiamines: - Three commercial amines (the N-Methylpiperidine, 2-Methylpiperidine and the molecule A). - Four « multiamines » with confidentiel structures synthesized by LMOPS and denoted by the initials B, D, E, F. The demixing phenomenon is influenced by many factors such as temperature, the loading of the acid gas and the amine concentration of the solution. The understanding of this phenomenon is one of the objectives of this thesis. The essential data to estimate the potentials efficiency of solvent to capture CO2 is the isotherm of absorption. We have determined these isotherms at temperatures close to the absorber and regenerator units (respectively 40°C and 80°C) at different concentrations of amine ((26%, 30%, 50% and 66%) and pressures of CO2varying between 10 kPa et 200 kPa. The thermodynamic modelling of the isotherms of absorption allows to deduce important operating parameters of the process (cyclic capacity, average enthalpy of reaction, solvent flow...) and to dimension the absorption unit and to estimate its energy consumption. The experimental study has been completed by the determination of vapor-liquid equilibrium of pure amines and of different aqueous solutions of amines with the static method. These data allow anticipating the possible loss in amine in the regenerator. Among the studied amines, the one denoted with the initial « F » is a potential candidate for an industrial application energy-efficient (good CO2 absorption capacity, low regeneration energy, low volatility)
Nguyen, Phuc Tien. "Contacteurs à membranes denses pour les procédés d'absorption gaz-liquide intensifiés : application à la capture du CO₂ en post combustion." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL014N/document.
Full textThe present work aims to explore the intensification of gas-liquid absorption processes. This study is applied to post combustion CO₂ capture by means of membrane contactors in comparison to packed columns. Microporous hollow fiber membrane contactors lead to high mass transfer but wetting problems are likely to occur and result in tremendous deterioration in performances with time. Our objective is to develop composite hollow fibers based on a microporous structure and a thin dense layer highly permeable to CO₂, in order to create a real barrier to liquid penetration and to limit mass transfer resistance. Super glassy polymers as PTMSP and Teflon AF2400 were selected for their extremely high CO₂ permeability and their chemical resistance to MEA (reference absorption liquid). Composite hollow fibers were made by coating and the dense layers obtained are thin (1 to 2 microns). Composite hollow fiber membrane contactors were tested for the separation of a CO₂/N2 mixture with an aqueous solution of MEA. Capture ratios achieved by composite hollow fibers are similar to those measured for microporous membranes and the dense layer prevents from wetting problems. Simulations based on 2D modeling of the mass transfer, show that the performances of composite hollow fiber membrane contactors, under operating conditions close to the industrial case, can lead to an intensification factor up to 6 compared to packed columns
Gao, Min. "Carbon dioxide absorption in metal organic frameworks." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/23195.
Full textVenet, Saphir. "Stockage du CO2 et séparation CO2/CH4 par des matériaux de silice à porosité et fonctionnalité contrôlées : étude expérimentale et modélisation de dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3027/document.
Full textThis work aims to evaluate the performance of silica-based materials and to rationalize their synthesis according to their desired adsorption properties (capacity and/or selectivity) by combining experimental approaches and the management of the molecular animal. These materials are ideally suited for CO2 adsorption capacity but also CO2/ CH4 selectivity. The different stages of this work were:- the synthesis and functionalization of the silica materials,- their textural and chemical characterization,- the determination of CO2 adsorption capacities, of their CO2/ CH4 selectivity.- the characterizations by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques of tests to try to locate the adsorption of CO2 and to measure its mobility,- microscopic identification by the factor of physic-Factors influence the preferential adsorption of CO2 and its diffusivity in the role of hydrophilic / hydrophobic character in silica by functional.These objectives required the preparation of high specific surface materials through a simple sol-gel process. These materials have been modified in order to obtain a degree of functionalization with -CH3 groups sufficient to modify the hydrophilic nature of the material while maintaining a sufficient specific surface area. The influence of pore size was also probed.The adsorption capacities of the gases under pressure were carried out for pure gases but also on CO2/ CH4 mixtures in different proportions. The CH4/ CO2 selectivity, often estimated from the pure body isotherms and / or the IAST method, was in this case determined from the direct measurement of the isotherms of the gas mixtures. It has become apparent that water plays a crucial role in adsorption capacity and selectivity. This parameter is one of those studied through molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of the introduction of hydrophobic groups has also been explored.The results obtained by molecular dynamics are on the whole in good agreement with the experimental data. These two parallel experience / theory approaches have highlighted the selectivity of one of the materials for applications where the gaseous effluent is little loaded with CO2
Hansen, Gary Bruce. "The infrared absorption spectrum of carbon dioxide ice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6808.
Full textBierly, Pierre-Charles 1952. "Electronic absorption of anthracene in supercritical carbon dioxide." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277852.
Full textBoucif, Noureddine. "Modélisation et simulation de contacteurs membranaires pour les procédés d'absorption de gaz acides par solvant chimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0280/document.
Full textThe overarching objective of this thesis is the research of mathematical models which are better to describe the process of gas-liquid absorption in a membrane contactor with porous or dense hollow fibers. The geometric configuration of these contactors, combined with their low energy consumption and their compactness, allows them to gradually replace conventional processes such as packing towers and absorption columns. Our goal is to study the performance of these innovative processes by developing more rigorous mathematical models. In this scope, we studied several cases where the hydrodynamics of fluid flow, the nature of the solute or solvent have been changed. First, only the hydrodynamics of the fibre side compartment has been taken into account for two types of an absorption process with and without chemical reaction. Subsequently, the hydrodynamics of fluid flow in both the fiber side as shell side were taken into consideration. Models have been developed for classical carbon dioxide absorption in monoéthanolamine solutions (liquid absorption of reference) where the flow fluid in the shell were is assumed to obey a plug-flow in a first case, described by the surface free model known as "Happel model" in a second case, and finally characterized by the momentum Navier-Stokes equations in a third case. The comparison of the numerically simulated results collected from the three models showed that those of the third case matched very closely with the laboratory experimental results
Servia, Alberto. "Étude cinétique des phénomènes d'activation pour l'absorption de CO2 par des mélanges d'amines." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0071.
Full textProcesses based on chemical absorption are widely used for removing CO2 contained in natural gas, hydrogen or flue gas. Mixtures of amines can be used as a solvent for these applications in order to accelerate CO2 mass transfer towards the liquid phase, while keeping a low energy consumption to be regenerated. A methodology has been developed in the framework of this PhD to understand the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 into mixtures of amines. Experimental data provided by a wetted wall column apparatus have been interpreted by a rigorous model taking into account all phenomena occurring within the reactor. This work was firstly dedicated to study the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by aqueous piperazine solutions. The extrapolation of PZ / CO2 kinetics given by the literature has been validated in a wide range of operating conditions. The kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by mixtures of N-methyldiethanolamine and piperazine has then been assessed. The synergy between both amines at low loading allowing the CO2 mass transfer to be accelerated as well as the impact of the CO2 loading on the absorption kinetics have been quantified. This methodology will be used at IFP Energies nouvelles in order to study the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by mixtures of amines, in the framework of CO2 postcombustion capture and natural gas treatment processes development. The knowledge of the kinetics of the CO2 absorption by mixtures of amines will allow to enhance the reliability of the absorption column design
Villeneuve, Kévin. "Contacteurs à membranes composites pour le captage du CO2 en postcombustion dans des solutions ammoniacales en vue de sa valorisation sur site industriel : étude expérimentale et modélisation des étapes d'absorption et de désorption." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0223.
Full textThis work aims to evaluate the performances of hollow fiber membrane contactors used for the CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia and the regeneration of the latter within the frame of post-combustion CO2 capture. Fibers are made of a thin dense layer coated on a microporous support, the dense layer prevent membrane wetting by liquid penetration. Both experiment and modelling were done. During absorption experiments, important decrease of the CO2 capture efficiency was observed due to ammonium salts precipitation in the gas-side corroborating results from previous works. Experiments with CO2/N2 mixture saturated with water vapor, as would be the case for flue gas, interestingly, showed stable performances of the process. A one-dimensional multi-component adiabatic transfer model for CO2 absorption in NH3 has been implemented in Aspen Custom Modeler® and validated with experimental results. The simulations performed with the model confirmed the volumetric intensification potential of the technology, however, the NH3 slip reduction expected, because of the use of a dense layer more permeable to CO2 than NH3, wasn’t satisfying. Water condensation phenomenon in membrane contactors were studied with both experiments and simulations. It was thus showed that membrane pore wetting by condensation should not happened but gas-side condensation led to an important increase of the pressure drop with the potential of increasing compression costs. Experiments and simulations of the desorption of CO2 from a loaded aqueous ammonia solution with a membrane contactor were performed and important disparities were found between CO2 flux measured and simulated. A volumetric reduction of the membrane contactor when compared to the packed column was calculated highlighting the potential of the technology for the stripping step. In collaboration with the partners of the C2B project, in which this thesis is integrated, CO2 absorption essays were carried out on site with an industrial scale membrane contactor. The results of this pilot are consistent with laboratory results and encourages the transfer of the technology to the industrial scale
da, Silva Eirik Falck. "Computational Chemistry Study of Solvents for Carbon Dioxide Absorption." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-685.
Full textAbsorption with aqueous amine solvents is at present the most viable technology for CO2 capture. While this is a proven technology, efforts are ongoing to improve it in order to make it a more attractive technology for large scale use to reduce CO2 emissions. Finding solvents with better properties is one approach to improving the technology.
In this thesis methods in computational chemistry are used to improve the understanding of the chemistry of CO2 absorption in amine-water systems. The work is also intended to provide models that can be used to predict the performance of new solvents. Such predictive models are intended to facilitate the screening for new solvents.
The main focus of the computational chemistry work has been to model solvent effects. Most of the work has been based on use of quantum mechanical calculations to determine gas phase properties and different models to determine the solvation energy. Most of the solvation energy calculations have been based on molecular simulations and continuum models. In addition solvation energies calculated with the RISM-SCF model have been studied.
The reaction mechanisms of the process have been studied in detail. Calculations have been used to attempt to resolve uncertainties regarding mechanisms. The work is in most cases in agreement with the consensus in the literature, but it is concluded that carbamate formation is most likely to be a single-step mechanism. From the study of reaction mechanisms it is concluded that the reactivity of an amine solvent with CO2 is governed by two equilibrium constants: the base stability and carbamate stability.
These two equilibrium constants have been modeled with gas phase quantum mechanical calculations and different solvation models. Comparison with experimental data suggests that both equilibrium constants can be modeled with a semi-quantitative accuracy. The models are not entirely accurate but do mostly capture trends observed in experimental data.
In addition to the equilibrium constants there are other properties that may affect the overall performance and viability of a solvent in large scale industrial use. These properties are also discussed and the possibility of modeling them is assessed.
The ideal values for the main equilibrium constants are unknown and the present work does therefore not reach any specific conclusions on what the ideal solvent is. This thesis does however offer a fairly detailed plan of how to find optimal solvents and tools to carry out the screening.
Paper III reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com
Miller, Jacob. "Modelling the Effect of Catalysis on Membrane Contactor Mass Transfer Coefficients for Carbon Dioxide Absorption Systems." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627662756315225.
Full textFavre, Nathalie. "Captage enzymatique du dioxyde de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840947.
Full textDeMontigny, David. "Carbon dioxide absorption studies using ultra-highly concentrated monoethanolamine solutions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ35832.pdf.
Full textKothandaraman, Anusha. "Carbon dioxide capture by chemical absorption : a solvent comparison study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59877.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
In the light of increasing fears about climate change, greenhouse gas mitigation technologies have assumed growing importance. In the United States, energy related CO₂ emissions accounted for 98% of the total emissions in 2007 with electricity generation accounting for 40% of the total'. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is one of the options that can enable the utilization of fossil fuels with lower CO₂ emissions. Of the different technologies for CO₂ capture, capture of CO₂ by chemical absorption is the technology that is closest to commercialization. While a number of different solvents for use in chemical absorption of CO₂ have been proposed, a systematic comparison of performance of different solvents has not been performed and claims on the performance of different solvents vary widely. This thesis focuses on developing a consistent framework for an objective comparison of the performance of different solvents. This framework has been applied to evaluate the performance of three different solvents - monoethanolamine, potassium carbonate and chilled ammonia. In this thesis, comprehensive flow-sheet models have been built for each of the solvent systems, using ASPEN Plus as the modeling tool. In order to ensure an objective and consistent comparison of the performance of different solvent systems, the representation of physical properties, thermodynamics and kinetics had to be verified and corrected as required in ASPEN Plus. The ASPEN RateSep module was used to facilitate the computation of mass transfer characteristics of the system for sizing calculations. For each solvent system, many parametric simulations were performed to identify the effect on energy consumption in the system. The overall energy consumption in the CO₂ capture and compression system was calculated and an evaluation of the required equipment size for critical equipment in the system was performed. The degradation characteristics and environmental impact of the solvents were also investigated. In addition, different flow-sheet configurations were explored to optimize the energy recuperation for each system. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was evaluated as the base case system in this thesis. Simulations showed the energy penalty for CO₂ capture from flue gas from coal-fired power plants to be 0.01572 kWh/gmol CO₂ . The energy penalty from CO₂ regeneration accounted for 60% of the energy penalty while the compression work accounted for 30%. The process flexibility in the MEA system was limited by degradation reactions. It was found that different flow-sheet configurations for energy recuperation in the MEA system did not improve energy efficiency significantly. Chilled ammonia was explored as an alternative to MEA for use in new coal-fired power plants as well as for retrofitting existing power plants. The overall energy penalty for CO₂ capture in chilled ammonia was found to be higher than in the MEA system, though energy requirements for CO₂ regeneration were found to be lower. The energy penalty for 85% capture of CO₂ in the chilled ammonia system was estimated to be 0.021 kWh/gmol CO₂. As compared to the MEA system, the breakdown of the energy requirements was different with refrigeration in the absorber accounting for 44% of the energy penalty. This illustrates the need to perform a systemwide comparison of different solvents in order to evaluate the performance of various solvent systems. The use of potassium carbonate as a solvent for CO₂ capture was evaluated for use in Integrated Reforming Combined Cycle (IRCC) system. With potassium carbonate, a high partial pressure of CO₂ in the flue gas is required. Different schemes for energy recuperation in the system were investigated and the energy consumption was reduced by 22% over the base case. An optimized version of the potassium carbonate flowsheet was developed for an IRCC application with a reboiler duty of 1980 kJ/kg. In conclusion, a framework for the comparison of the performance of different solvents for CO₂ capture has been developed and the performance of monoethanolamine, chilled ammonia and potassium carbonate has been compared. From the standpoint of energy consumption, for existing power plants the use of MEA is found to be the best choice while for future design of power plants, potassium carbonate appears to be an attractive alternative. An economic analysis based on the technical findings in this thesis will help in identifying the optimal choices for various large, stationary sources of CO₂.
by Anusha Kothandaraman.
Ph.D.
Bishnoi, Sanjay. "Carbon dioxide absorption and solution equilibrium in piperazine activated methyldiethanolamine /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004215.
Full textJankhah, Sepideh. "Reformage de l'éthanol au dioxyde de carbone." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1386.
Full text