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Journal articles on the topic 'Dioxins formation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

He, Hao, Xuanhao Guo, Lizheng Jin, Yaqi Peng, Minghui Tang, and Shengyong Lu. "The Effect of Adjusting Sinter Raw Mix on Dioxins from Iron Ore Co-Sintering with Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031136.

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The inhibition effect of calcined lime (CaO) and limestone (CaCO3) on the formation of dioxins during iron ore co-sintering with fly ash was investigated in a sinter pot in the present work. Experimental results indicated that international total toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxins decreased from 1.4335 to 0.2922, 0.1048, 0.4562, and 0.3098 ng I-TEQ Nm−3 under four different experimental conditions. It can be concluded that 5 wt.% calcined lime with 3 wt.% limestone is the optimal addition to reduce the concentration of dioxins in flue gas, with 92.70% inhibition efficiency. Effects on dioxin distribution was also analyzed. The distribution proportion of low-chlorinated dioxins was found to increase, while that of high-chlorinated dioxins decreased, except for octachlorianted dibenzo-p-dioxins (OCDD). The reason is that the consumption of HCl not only inhibits the de novo synthesis, but also dramatically promotes the condensation and dechlorination to produce more tetrachlorianted dibenzo-p-dioxins and octachlorianted dibenzo-p-dioxins through precursors. Finally, condensation, dichlorination, and inhibition mechanisms of dioxins during co-sintering with municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash are proposed.

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2

Long, Hong Ming, Jia Xin Li, Ping Wang, and Ru Fei Wei. "Synthesis Pathway of Dioxins in Iron Ore Sintering Process." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.71.

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Dioxins are a kind of extremely toxic and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Sintering process has become one of the most dominant unintentional discharge sources. The dioxins synthesis pathway and mechanism being described, related research indicate that: in the low temperature sector (200-500ºС), chlorobenzene and chlorphenol are the representation precursors of dioxin’s precursor catalytic reaction, the dioxins formed in this temperature sector cased by the “de novo” under catalyst (like Cu2+) on the surface of smoke particles; high-temperature gas phase reaction mechanism of dioxins satisfied the first-order kinetic model, the formation of gas related with suitable precursors, it is the result of chlorinated precursors’ pyrolytic rearrangement like chlorobenzene and chlorophenol in the temperature sector 500-800ºС in the gas.

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3

KAWABATA, Hirotoshi, and Tateo USUI. "Technologies on Suppression of Dioxins Formation." Journal of High Temperature Society 34, no. 1 (2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jhts.34.3.

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4

Ma, Xiao Cheng, Xian Ping Zeng, Jian Tao Liu, Kun Kun You, and Jian Xing Ren. "Technology to Control PCDD/Fs from MSW Incineration Processes." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2621.

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At present the dioxin problem caused by MSW(Municipal solid waste) incineration has become the point problem of the development of application. According to the formation mechanisms of dioxins in the process of MSW incineration prevention measure may divide into the combustion, the combustion before and burn the latter three broad headings prevention measure which produced the PCDD/Fs after burning area mainly include in the haze, the flying ash the PCDD/Fs removing and prevents some measures which PCDD/Fs produces. Finally this paper proposed several measures in control and purification dioxins technology.

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5

Furue, Masutaka, and Gaku Tsuji. "Chloracne and Hyperpigmentation Caused by Exposure to Hazardous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 4864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234864.

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Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are environmental pollutants that are hazardous to human skin. They can be present in contaminated soil, water, and air particles (such as ambient PM2.5). Exposure to a high concentration of dioxins induces chloracne and hyperpigmentation. These chemicals exert their toxic effects by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) which is abundantly expressed in skin cells, such as keratinocytes, sebocytes, and melanocytes. Ligation of AHR by dioxins induces exaggerated acceleration of epidermal terminal differentiation (keratinization) and converts sebocytes toward keratinocyte differentiation, which results in chloracne formation. AHR activation potently upregulates melanogenesis in melanocytes by upregulating the expression of melanogenic enzymes, which results in hyperpigmentation. Because AHR-mediated oxidative stress contributes to these hazardous effects, antioxidative agents may be potentially therapeutic for chloracne and hyperpigmentation.

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6

Barysheva, Olga, Renat Sadykov, Yuri Khabibullin, and Elizaveta Zheltukhina. "Forecasting of an output of eco toxicants at thermal decomposition of chemical fuel." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914008002.

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Combustion of high-energy chemical fuels containing chlorine in the element structure can lead to formation in the particles of smoke of super eco toxicants—the polychlorinated dioxins and furans. The numerical experiment conducted was based on solution of the equations of chemical kinetics. The computational and theoretical researches directed to the solution of a problem of determination of parameters of combustion products of chemical fuels taking into account formation of harbingers of the polychlorinated dioxins were executed. The main data on the accepted method of determination of disequilibrium structures of products of burning the chlorine-containing chemical fuels were represented. Based on the analysis of references about mechanisms and speeds of chemical reactions of transformations of chlorine-containing connections, the kinetic model of formation of predecessors of dioxins is constructed. The carried-out calculations showed (assuming chemical balance) that process of formation of dioxins is significantly disequilibrious. The results of kinetic researches on emission of harbingers of dioxins showed the nature of the influence of different components of combustion products of chemical fuels on time for the different levels of temperatures.

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7

Stanmore, B. R. "The formation of dioxins in combustion systems." Combustion and Flame 136, no. 3 (February 2004): 398–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.11.004.

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8

Wielgosiński, Grzegorz. "The Possibilities of Reduction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Emission." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/392175.

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In the study the most important and known polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) emission sources are presented and known methods of reduction of dioxin emission to the atmosphere are discussed in detail. It is indicated that the most relevant emission source is a combustion process. The mechanism of dioxin formation in thermal processes is presented in brief. The author characterized primary methods of reduction of PCDDs/PCDFs emission encompassing the interference into the combustion process to minimize their formation and discussed known secondary methods aimed at their removal from the stream of waste gases. It was attempted to make a critical assessment of PCDD/Fs reduction methods described in literature.

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9

Mohamed, Khairulmazidah, Mohamed Isa Abdul Majid, Yin-Hui Leong, and Xiaodong Li. "Dioxins in peat and its formation: An overview." Cogent Environmental Science 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1864870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1864870.

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10

KATO, Yoichi, and Katsuhiko IIDA. "Formation of Dioxins on Metals during Soldering Process." Journal of Environmental Chemistry 15, no. 3 (2005): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5985/jec.15.575.

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11

Mohamed, Khairulmazidah, Mohamed Isa Abdul Majid, Yin-Hui Leong, and Xiaodong Li. "Dioxins in peat and its formation: An overview." Cogent Environmental Science 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1864870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2020.1864870.

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12

Xhrouet, C�line, and Edwin De Pauw. "Prevention of dioxins de novo formation by ethanolamines." Environmental Chemistry Letters 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-002-0011-6.

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13

Katami, T., A. Yasuhara, and T. Shibamoto. "Formation of Dioxins from Incineration of Fallen Leaf." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-003-0248-1.

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14

Wielgosiński, Grzegorz, Olga Namiecińska, Patrycja Łechtańska, and Adam Grochowalski. "Effect of selected additions on de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dioxins and furans." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0017.

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Abstract Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans are generally considered the most dangerous chemical substances known to man. Although they have never been the product of purposeful human activity, yet they are formed in many chemical and virtually all thermal processes. Research on the occurrence of dioxins in the environment, their release into the environment, ways of formation and methods of reducing their emissions lasts since the late seventies of the last century. Currently, we know three basic pathways of dioxins formation in thermal processes, the most important of them being the so called de novo synthesis which occurs outside the combustion zone at 200-400°C in the presence of catalysts (eg copper) and oxygen from the products of incomplete combustion including carbon black and chlorine or chlorinated compounds. It is well known that some metals like copper catalyze the de novo synthesis, while others decompose dioxins and furans formed previously. The formation of dioxins resulting from the de novo synthesis was studied through analysis of the effect of the type of metal on the course of the de novo synthesis. The influence of the addition of sulfur, nitrogen and alkali metals on this synthesis was also examined because some reports in the literature refer to inhibitory effect of these elements.

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15

Chagger, H. K., J. M. Jones, M. Pourkashanian, and A. Williams. "The Formation of VOC, PAH and Dioxins During Incineration." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, no. 1 (January 2000): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758200530457.

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16

Karstensen, Kåre Helge. "Formation, release and control of dioxins in cement kilns." Chemosphere 70, no. 4 (January 2008): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.081.

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17

Safavi, Aysan, Christiaan Richter, and Runar Unnthorsson. "Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030700.

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The amount of PCDD/F emissions produced by gasification operations is often within standard limits set by national and international laws (<0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3). However, a recent assessment of the literature indicates that gasification cannot always reduce PCDD/Fs emissions to acceptable levels, and thus a common belief on the replacement of incineration with gasification in order to reduce PCDD/Fs emissions seems overly simplistic. A review that summarizes the evidence on when gasification would likely result in environmentally benign emissions with PCDD/F below legal limits, and when not, would be of scientific and practical interest. Moreover, there are no reviews on dioxin formation in gasification. This review discusses the available data on the levels of dioxins formed by gasifying different waste streams, such as municipal solid wastes, plastics, wood waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge, from the existing experimental work. The PCDD/Fs formation in gasification and the operational parameters that can be controlled during the process to minimize PCDD/Fs formation are reviewed.

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18

Lenoir, Dieter, and Karl-Werner Schramm. "Comment on “Glycine-functionalized copper(ii) hydroxide nanoparticles with high intrinsic superoxide dismutase activity” by K. Korschelt, R. Ragg, C. S. Metzger, M. Kluenker, M. Oster, B. Barton, M. Panthöfer, D. Strand, U. Kolb, M. Mondeshki, S. Strand, J. Brieger, M. N. Tahir and W. Tremel, Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 3952." Nanoscale 9, no. 40 (2017): 15717–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr04207h.

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19

Leśków, A., M. Nawrocka, M. Łątkowska, M. Tarnowska, N. Galas, A. Matejuk, and I. Całkosiński. "Can contamination of the environment by dioxins cause craniofacial defects?" Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 9 (June 6, 2019): 1014–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119855121.

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Cleft lip and cleft palate also known as orofacial cleft is a congenital malformation involving the partial or total lack of anatomical continuity of craniofacial tissue. The most common environmental factors that may cause orofacial clefts include pharmaceuticals, alcohol, addictive drugs, and tobacco smoke. Living in the area of industrial factories, garbage, ironworks, crematoria, wastewater treatment plants, and plastic waste landfills also has a significant impact on the development of the craniofacial defects. Some of the main factors causing the formation of congenital craniofacial defects are dioxins, of which emission to the environment is an important environmental and health problem. Dioxins are a diverse group of organic chemical compounds, derivatives of oxanthrene and fumarates, which are organoleptically imperceptible. Acting mainly through induction of inflammation, they influence a number of metabolic processes, including the process of bone mineralization and embryonic development. In this work, we highlight the problem of orofacial cleft including the impact of dioxin on development of this defect and the recommended prevention.

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20

Zheng, Siyuan, Xianwei Zhao, Yunfeng Li, Fei Xu, and Qingzhu Zhang. "Mechanism and thermal rate constants for complete series reactions of bromochlorophenols with H." RSC Advances 8, no. 8 (2018): 4259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12781b.

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Formation of bromochlorophenoxy radicals (BCPRs) from the reaction of bromochlorophenols (BCPs) with H can play the most central role in the formation of mixed polybrominated and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBCDD/Fs).

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21

HIRAOKA, Masakatsu. "Formation and Control of Dioxins in Municipal Solid Waste Treatment." Waste Management Research 1, no. 1 (1990): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.1.20.

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22

Lopes, E. J., L. A. Okamura, and C. I. Yamamoto. "FORMATION OF DIOXINS AND FURANS DURING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GASIFICATION." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20150321s00003163.

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23

Gerasimov, G. Ya. "Gas-phase radiation-chemical formation of dioxins from chlorinated phenols." High Energy Chemistry 41, no. 1 (February 2007): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0018143907010043.

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24

Gu, Cheng, Cun Liu, Yunjie Ding, Hui Li, Brian J. Teppen, Cliff T. Johnston, and Stephen A. Boyd. "Clay Mediated Route to Natural Formation of Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 8 (April 15, 2011): 3445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es104225d.

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25

Tame, Nigel W., Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski, and Eric M. Kennedy. "Formation of dioxins and furans during combustion of treated wood." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 33, no. 4 (August 2007): 384–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.01.001.

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26

Cieplik, Mariusz K., Vincent De Jong, Jelena Bozovič, Per Liljelind, Stellan Marklund, and Robert Louw. "Formation of Dioxins from Combustion Micropollutants over MSWI Fly Ash." Environmental Science & Technology 40, no. 4 (February 2006): 1263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es052225l.

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27

Luthe, Corinne, Ibrahim Karidio, and Vic Uloth. "Dioxins formation in salt-laden power boilers: A mass balance." Chemosphere 36, no. 2 (January 1998): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00356-1.

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28

Horii, Yuichi, Bert van Bavel, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Gert Petrick, Kerstin Nachtigall, and Nobuyoshi Yamashita. "Novel evidence for natural formation of dioxins in ball clay." Chemosphere 70, no. 7 (January 2008): 1280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.066.

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29

Yazawa, Akira, and Shigeatsu Nakazawa. "Explanation of the thermal formation of dioxins from thermodynamic viewpoint." Metals and Materials International 7, no. 1 (February 2001): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03026932.

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30

Katami, T., N. Ohno, A. Yasuhara, and T. Shibamoto. "Formation of Dioxins from Sodium Chloride-Impregnated Newspapers by Combustion." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001280000010.

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31

IKEDA, Takeshi, Yoshinobu YOSHIHARA, Kazuie NISHIWAKI, Shigenobu OKAJIMA, and Masakatsu HIRAOKA. "122 Formation and Emission of Dioxins in a RDF Combustion." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2000.75 (2000): _1–43_—_1–44_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2000.75._1-43_.

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32

Mubeen, Ishrat, Alfons Buekens, Zhiliang Chen, Shengyong Lu, and Jianhua Yan. "De novo formation of dioxins from milled model fly ash." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 23 (June 28, 2017): 19031–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9528-x.

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33

Holt, Eva, Roland Weber, Gavin Stevenson, and Caroline Gaus. "Formation of dioxins during exposure of pesticide formulations to sunlight." Chemosphere 88, no. 3 (July 2012): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.058.

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34

Simonyan, L. M., and N. V. Demidova. "Dioxins and furans’ behavior in the process of zinc and lead removing from EAF dust." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 11 (December 23, 2019): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-11-840-845.

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The use of galvanized scrap as a charge material for electric steel-smelting production leads to formation of metallurgical dust suitable for extraction of non-ferrous metals. Chlorine and organic compounds content in metallurgical charge can lead to dioxins and furans formation in the process of electric smelting with their subsequent sedimentation on EAF dust. In the previous study we determined dioxins and furans content in dust at the level of 474 ng/kg of EAF dust. The methodology for conducting an experiment in a muﬄe furnace at temperatures of 300, 600, 900 and 1150 °Cwas developed for the study of dioxins and furans’ behavior during dust heating. Investigation of EAF dust chemical composition before and after the experiment made it possible to establish that desorption of dioxins and furans occurs during heating in the temperature range of 300 – 900 °C. In parallel with dioxins and furans’ desorption some chemical compounds evaporate indirectly and it is determined by calculation of changes in the content of C, Na, Cl, K, Pb, Zn in the sample. In the studied temperature range, the content of C, Na, Cl decreases to zero; K content is reduced by 81 %; Pb content is reduced by 83.5 %. Reduction of Zn content does not exceed 5 %. Change in content of the remaining components is insignificant. The obtained data confirm the predominant presence of chlorine in inorganic compounds in forms of NaCl and KCl, along with a slight presence in forms of ZnCl, PbCl, and PbCl2 . The study revealed the need of consideration of dioxins and furans’ presence during development of technologies aimed at metallurgical dust processing. It is proposed to perform high-temperature processing of dust (>850 °С) with the subsequent irrigation of exhaust gases with lime milk. The most rational ways to decrease dioxins and furans’ content in EAF dust are conducting afterburning of exhaust gases, followed by rapid cooling in order to avoid secondary synthesis of ecotoxicants or reducing the amount of chlorine-containing and conventional materials during pretreatment of metals.

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35

Fukushima, K., K. Tsukimori, D. Li, T. Takao, S. Morokuma, K. Kato, H. Seki, S. Takeda, S. Matsumura, and N. Wake. "Effect of transient TCDD exposure on immortalized human trophoblast-derived cell lines." Human & Experimental Toxicology 31, no. 6 (October 25, 2011): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327111424305.

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Low level, antenatal exposure to dioxins is associated with low birth weight, which in turn is associated with long-term sequelae. We exposed the human extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) lines HTR-8/SV40 and TCL1 to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) and assessed cell growth, invasion, and differentiation. TCDD had no effect on cell proliferation, invasion, or tube formation in Matrigel. The EVT-derived cells expressed a functional aryl hydrocarbon receptor protein; however, TCDD exposure did not alter expression levels of proteins involved in EVT differentiation in early pregnancy, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Integrin A1, A6, and AVB3. These results suggest that the reduction in fetal weight induced by dioxin is not the result of vascular remodeling via EVT dysfunction.

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36

KAWAGUCHI, Takazo, Masaru MATSUMURA, Eiki KASAI, Yasuo OHTSUKA, and Hidetoshi NODA. "Promoter Material and Inhibitor Material for Dioxins Formation in Sintering Process." Tetsu-to-Hagane 88, no. 7 (2002): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.88.7_370.

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37

Berdnikov, V. I., and Yu A. Gudim. "Formation of dioxins in high-temperature combustion of chlorine-bearing material." Steel in Translation 45, no. 2 (February 2015): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091215020035.

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38

Kawabata, Hirotoshi, Tateo Usui, Katsukiyo Marukawa, Shigeta Hara, Toshihiro Tanaka, and Hideki Ono-Nakazato. "Mechanism of Dioxins/Furans Formation at High Temperature in Combustion Processes." ISIJ International 43, no. 3 (2003): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.43.461.

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39

Buser, H. R. "Formation, occurrence and analysis of polychlorinated dibenzofurans, dioxins and related compounds." Environmental Health Perspectives 60 (May 1985): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8560259.

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40

KOKADO, Masayuki. "A study on the formation mechanisms of dioxins and related compounds." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 423 (1990): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1990.423_181.

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41

Katami, Takeo, Akio Yasuhara, and Takayuki Shibamoto. "Formation of Dioxins from Incineration of Foods Found in Domestic Garbage." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 4 (February 2004): 1062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es030606y.

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42

Everaert, K., and J. Baeyens. "The formation and emission of dioxins in large scale thermal processes." Chemosphere 46, no. 3 (January 2002): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00143-6.

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43

KAWAMOTO, Katsuya, and Kazuyuki SUZUKI. "Formation of Dioxins and Related Organochroine Compounds from Gasification-melting Ashes." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2000.10 (2000): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2000.10.196.

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44

Bozzelli, Joseph W., Yo-ping G. Wu, and Edward R. Ritter. "Thermodynamic insights on pathways to formation of chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans." Chemosphere 23, no. 8-10 (January 1991): 1221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(91)90147-6.

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45

Addink, Ruud, and R. Elmar Altwicker. "Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from chlorinated soot." Carbon 42, no. 12-13 (2004): 2661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.06.005.

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46

Yang, Jie, Mi Yan, Xiaodong Li, Shengyong Lu, Tong Chen, Jianhua Yan, Kees Olie, and Alfons Buekens. "Formation of dioxins on NiO and NiCl2 at different oxygen concentrations." Chemosphere 133 (August 2015): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.077.

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47

Saeed, Anam, Mohammednoor Altarawneh, and Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski. "Formation of mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PXDD/Fs)." Chemosphere 137 (October 2015): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.054.

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48

Dorofeeva, Olga V., and Vladimir S. Yungman. "Enthalpies of Formation of Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins Calculated by Density Functional Theory." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 107, no. 16 (April 2003): 2848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp026973y.

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Rada, Elena Cristina, Giorgia Passamani, Marco Ragazzi, Vincenzo Torretta, Irina Aura Istrate, and Gabriela Cioca. "Dioxin Contamination after a Hypothetical Accidental Fire in Baled Municipal Solid Waste Storage." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 4 (May 15, 2018): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.4.6245.

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Abstract:

Landfill management usually entails dealing with the production of leachate and the formation of biogas, with the related environmental and public health concerns. One element that tends not to be investigated, is the risk of a fire with the consequent emission of toxic substances, especially dioxins. This study focuses on the case of an existing landfill in which the waste is placed in cylindrical wrapped bales, and where for the purposes of this study, the burning of the waste mass was hypothesized. The Austal2000 model system was used in order to estimate the average air concentrations and the deposition values of PCDD/F.The analysis showed that a landfill may be at risk in terms of fire potential with the consequent release of dioxins. Storage in bales, for various reasons, increases this risk. The analysis of the effects show that the environment and public health would be very seriously compromised. The recovery of the chosen landfill is therefore necessary, especially given the potential dioxin release. The presented analysis wants to be a warning for decision makers who could choose to implement large bale storages without an adequate attention to fire prevention.

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Cai, Pengtao, Jianying Fu, Mingxiu Zhan, Wentao Jiao, Tong Chen, and Xiaodong Li. "Formation mechanism and influencing factors of dioxins during incineration of mineralized refuse." Journal of Cleaner Production 342 (March 2022): 130762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130762.

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