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Journal articles on the topic 'Dioxins degradation'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Gao, Xingbao, Bingjing Ji, Dahai Yan, Qifei Huang, and Xuemei Zhu. "A full-scale study on thermal degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash and its secondary air pollution control in China." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16677078.

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Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash is beneficial to its risk control. Fly ash was treated in a full-scale thermal degradation system (capacity 1 t d−1) to remove polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Apart from the confirmation of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran decomposition efficiency, we focused on two major issues that are the major obstacles for commercialising this decomposition technology in China, desorption and regeneration of dioxins and control of secondary air pollution. The toxic equivalent quantity values of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans decreased to <6 ng kg−1 and the detoxification rate was ⩾97% after treatment for 1 h at 400 °C under oxygen-deficient conditions. About 8.49% of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of the original fly ash were desorbed or regenerated. The extreme high polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran levels and dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congener profiles in the dust of the flue gas showed that desorption was the main reason, rather than de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust pipe. Degradation furnace flue gas was introduced to the municipal solid waste incinerator economiser, and then co-processed in the air pollution control system. The degradation furnace released relatively large amounts of cadmium, lead and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans compared with the municipal solid waste incinerator, but the amounts emitted to the atmosphere did not exceed the Chinese national emission limits. Thermal degradation can therefore be used as a polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran abatement method for municipal solid waste incinerator source in China.

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2

Shahare, Vaishali V., Rajni Grover, and Suman Meena. "Evaluation of Nanotechniques and Conventional Techniques for the Removal of Dioxins." Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180110153919.

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Background: The persistent dioxins/furans has caused a worldwide concern as they influence the human health. Recent research indicates that nonmaterial may prove effective in the degradation of Dioxins/furans. The nanomaterials are very reactive owing to their large surface area to volume ratio and large number of reactive sites. However, nanotechnology applications face both the challenges and the opportunities to influence the area of environmental protection. Objective: i) To study the impact of oil mediated UV-irradiations on the removal of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, OCDD and OCDF in simulated soil samples. ii) To compare the conventional treatment methods with the modern available nanotechniques for the removal of selected Dioxins/furans from soil samples. Methods: The present work has investigated an opportunity of the degradation of tetra and octachlorinated dioxins and furans by using oil mediated UV radiations with subsequent extraction of respective dioxins/furans from soils. The results have been compared with the available nanotechniques. Results: The dioxin congeners in the simulated soil sample showed decrease in concentration with the increase in the exposure time and intensity of UV radiations. The dechlorination of PCDD/Fs using palladized iron has been found to be effective. Conclusion: Both the conventional methods and nanotechnology have a dramatic impact on the removal of Dioxins/furans in contaminated soil. However, the nanotechniques are comparatively costlier and despite the relatively high rates of PCDDs dechlorination by Pd/nFe, small fraction of the dioxins are recalcitrant to degradation over considerable exposure times.

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3

Field, Jim A., and Reyes Sierra-Alvarez. "Microbial degradation of chlorinated dioxins." Chemosphere 71, no. 6 (April 2008): 1005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.039.

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4

Mitoma, Yoshiharu, Maki Takase, Yoshiko Yoshino, Taizo Masuda, Hideki Tashiro, Naoyoshi Egashira, and Takashi Oki. "Novel Mild Hydrodechlorination of PCDDs, PCDFs, and co-PCBs inside Fly Ash Using a Calcium-Promoted Rhodium Carbon Catalyst in Methanol." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2006): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06002.

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Environmental Context. The generic term ‘dioxins’, the family of which includes polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), is used to describe highly toxic and mutagenic compounds. Many methods that involve high-temperature or high-pressure dry hydrogen conditions to ensure adequate decomposition for persistent chlorinated aromatic pollutants present disadvantages for repeated synthesis or recovery of vaporized dioxins and co-PCBs. We discovered that highly efficient degradation of dioxins in fly ash is accomplished in 24 h using metallic calcium and Rh/C in alcohol in a sealed tube at 25°C at 0.15 MPa. Abstract. Effective hydrodechlorination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in fly ash was achieved in 24 h using a simple stirring operation in a sealed tube with metallic calcium and Rh/C catalyst in an alcohol solution at room temperature with 0.15 MPa of increasing internal pressure. The initial 7806 pg dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) (g of ash)–1 of dioxins in fly ash, which had adsorbed inside the solid phase, was finally degraded to 23.6 pg of TEQ (g of ash)–1, according to estimation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis.

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5

Kang, Dongrui, Yao Bian, Qiqi Shi, Jianqiao Wang, Peng Yuan, and Boxiong Shen. "A Review of Synergistic Catalytic Removal of Nitrogen Oxides and Chlorobenzene from Waste Incinerators." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111360.

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Emission of harmful gases, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and dioxins pose a serious threat to the human environment; so, it is urgent to control NOx and dioxin emissions. The new regulations for municipal solid waste incineration emissions set new stringent requirements for NOx and dioxin emission standards. Most of the existing pollutant control technologies focus on single-unit NOx reduction or dioxin degradation. However, the installation of separate NOx and dioxins removal units is space-consuming and costs a lot. Nowadays, the simultaneous elimination of NOx and dioxins in the same facility has been regarded as a promising technology. Due to the extremely high toxicity of dioxins, the less toxic chlorobenzene, which has the basic structure of dioxins, has been commonly used as a model molecule for dioxins in the laboratory. In this review, the catalysts used for nitrogen oxides/chlorobenzene (NOx/CB) co-removal were classified into two types: firstly, non-loaded and loaded transition metal catalysts, and their catalytic properties were summarized and outlined. Then, the interaction of the NH3-SCR reaction and chlorobenzene catalytic oxidation (CBCO) on the catalyst surface was discussed in detail. Finally, the causes of catalyst deactivation were analyzed and summarized. Hopefully, this review may provide a reference for the design and commercial application of NOx/CB synergistic removal catalysts.

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6

Samara, Fatin, Thouraya Ghalayini, Nedal Abu Farha, and Sofian Kanan. "The Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin in the Presence of Silver–Titanium Based Catalysts." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10090957.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) are persistent toxic compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment. The photodegradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the presence of silver titanium oxide (AgTi) and silver titanium doped into the Y-zeolite (AgTiY) was tested using high (254 nm) and mid (302 nm) energy UV irradiation sources. AgTi and AgTiY, both showed success in the photodegradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD dissolved in methanol/tetrahydrofuran solution. Both catalysts were found to effectively decompose TCDD at 302 nm (lower energy) reaching in between 98–99% degradation after five hours, but AgTiY showed better performance than AgTi at 60 min reaching 91% removal. Byproducts of degradation were evaluated using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), resulting in 2,3,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a lower chlorinated congener and less toxic, as the main degradation product. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the relative toxicity of the degradation byproducts were a decrease in optical density indicated that some products of degradation could be potentially more toxic than the parent TCDD. On the other hand, a decrease in toxicity was observed for the samples with the highest 2,3,7,8-TCDD degradation, confirming that AgTiY irradiated at 302 nm is an excellent choice for degrading TCDD. This is the first study to report on the efficiency of silver titanium doped zeolites for the removal of toxic organic contaminants such as dioxins and furans from aquatic ecosystems.

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Chen, Zhiliang, Qiongjing Mao, Shengyong Lu, Alfons Buekens, Shuaixi Xu, Xu Wang, and Jianhua Yan. "Dioxins degradation and reformation during mechanochemical treatment." Chemosphere 180 (August 2017): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.004.

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8

Soda, Satoshi. "Degradation and Transformation of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in Bioremediation Technology." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 30, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.30.194.

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9

Colquhoun, David R., Erica M. Hartmann, and Rolf U. Halden. "Proteomic Profiling of the Dioxin-Degrading BacteriumSphingomonas wittichiiRW1." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/408690.

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Sphingomonas wittichiiRW1 is a bacterium of interest due to its ability to degrade polychlorinated dioxins, which represent priority pollutants in the USA and worldwide. Although its genome has been fully sequenced, many questions exist regarding changes in protein expression ofS. wittichiiRW1 in response to dioxin metabolism. We used difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to identify proteomic changes induced by growth on dibenzofuran, a surrogate for dioxin, as compared to acetate. Approximately 10% of the entire putative proteome of RW1 could be observed. Several components of the dioxin and dibenzofuran degradation pathway were shown to be upregulated, thereby highlighting the utility of using proteomic analyses for studying bioremediation agents. This is the first global protein analysis of a microorganism capable of utilizing the carbon backbone of both polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans as the sole source for carbon and energy.

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10

Ozga-Stachurska, Alicja Maria, Justyna Wójcik-Grudzień, Paulina Pawłowska, and Martyna Rozenbajgier. "influence of dioxines on endometriosis development – study review." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.09.057.

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Introduction: Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls are considered to be among the most toxic to humans due to their persistence, resistance to degradation and chemical properties. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity showing secretory activity. It is one of the most common causes of pelvic pain and decreased fertility; is formed as a result of the action of hormonal and immune mechanisms. The exact etiology is unknown and multifactorial; risk factors for endometriosis include both family conditions and various environmental factors, including exposure to chemicals. The aim of the study: Evaluation of the impact of dioxins on endometriosis development. Materials and methods: A research was performed using Pubmed, Google Scholar and ResearchGate; we made review and meta-analysis of the most relevant studies. Results: Dioxins can contribute to cancer development, which is well documented, as well as several conditions, such as sexual dysfunctions, oxidative stress and inflammation. Doxins have similar structure to steroid hormones, so their main target are male and female gonads, thyroid gland and other organs in which steroid hormones are produced. Conclusions: Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease, whereas dioxins are strong poisons that have an adverse effect on live organisms. Many epidemiological studies suggest that dioxins may significantly contribute to the development of endometriosis.

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11

Banerjee, Risav, and Trisha Bhattacharya. "Degradation of synthetic polymers: Microbial approach." Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 9, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.002.

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A synthetic polymer is a plastic, which is having wide applications in our day-to-day life. The packaging industries, agriculture, cosmetics, etc. Plastics are not easily degradable, it takes 1000 years to degrade a plastic or even more than that. The pollution caused by plastic is not only because of the waste disposal method but it is also because it releases carbon dioxide and dioxins while burning. Plastics are considered a threat to the environment as they are not easily degradable. Our review is based on the microbial approach for plastic degradation. The waste management method being used for plastic disposal is not effective enough. Nowadays biodegradable polymers are also being used as they are more easily degradable compared to synthetic polymers. The bacteria and fungi degrade most of the organic and inorganic components like starch, lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses.

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12

Wen, Zhengcheng, Puzi Kang, Benxiao Cai, Zhihua Wang, Jiangrong Xu, and Kefa Cen. "Mechanism of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins Degradation by Ozone." Asian Journal of Chemistry 27, no. 3 (2015): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.18266.

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13

Nomura, Yugo, Satoshi Nakai, and Masaaki Hosomi. "Elucidation of Degradation Mechanism of Dioxins during Mechanochemical Treatment." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 10 (May 2005): 3799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049446w.

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14

Nakamiya, Kunichika, Shyunji Hashimoto, Hiroyasu Ito, John S. Edmonds, Akio Yasuhara, and Masatoshi Morita. "Degradation of dioxins by cyclic ether degrading fungus,Cordyceps sinensis." FEMS Microbiology Letters 248, no. 1 (July 2005): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.05.013.

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15

Meglouli, Fontaine, Verdin, Magnin-Robert, Tisserant, Hijri, and Sahraoui. "Aided Phytoremediation to Clean Up Dioxins/Furans-Aged Contaminated Soil: correlation between microbial communities and pollutant dissipation." Microorganisms 7, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110523.

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To restore and clean up polluted soils, aided phytoremediation was found to be an effective, eco-friendly, and feasible approach in the case of many organic pollutants. However, little is known about its potential efficiency regarding polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans-contaminated soils. Thus, phytoremediation of aged dioxins/furans-contaminated soil was carried out through microcosm experiments vegetated with alfalfa combined with different amendments: an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (Funneliformis mosseae), a biosurfactant (rhamnolipids), a dioxins/furans degrading-bacterium (Sphingomonas wittichii RW1), and native microbiota. The total dioxins/furans dissipation was estimated to 23%, which corresponds to 48 ng.kg−1 of soil, after six months of culture in the vegetated soil combined with the four amendments compared to the non-vegetated soil. Our findings showed that the dioxins/furans dissipation resulted from the stimulation of soil microbial enzyme activities (fluorescein diacetate hydrolase and dehydrogenase) and the increase of bacterial abundance, richness, and diversity, as well as fungal diversity. Amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq analysis led to identification of several bacterial (Bacillaceae, Sphingomonadaceae) and fungal (Chaetomium) groups known to be involved in dioxins/furans degradation. Furthermore, concomitant cytotoxicity and dioxins/furans concentration decreases were pointed out in the phytoremediated soil. The current study demonstrated the usefulness of combining different types of amendments to improve phytoremediation efficacy of aged dioxins/furans-contaminated soils.

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16

Sebastian, Priyanka Mary, and K. V. Bhaskara Rao. "Approaches in Bioremediation of Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds – A Review on Current and Future Prospects." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i03.046.

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Waste generation is becoming increasingly prominent in the environmental arena due to the increase in population and living standards of life. Dioxin and Dioxin-related compounds are a set of hazardous chemicals that are ubiquitously distributed. Polychlorinated dioxins are introduced into our surroundings by both spontaneous and induced activities like combustion, incineration of waste, recycling of e-waste, and paper and pesticide manufacturing. They are chloroaromatic compounds that are found to be lethal and possess carcinogenic properties and are one of the primary examples of persistent environmental pollutants (POP). Removal of these compounds from the environment is very challenging due to their recalcitrant nature. An alternative technique is the use of microbial technology which includes the use of bacteria and fungi to detoxify the dioxins that are considered to be a more effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable alternative. Different microbial interactions were studied for their degradation potential. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furans (PCDD/F) are found to be degraded by bacteria by adopting either aerobic or anaerobic pathways and the details regarding the diversity, distribution, bioremediation potential, metabolic pathway have been analyzed. This review provides an overview of the source of contamination, its potential toxicity assessment, and various bioremediation techniques that are employed are discussed in detail. It also highlights the nanoremediation technique - a promising tool in which nanoparticles are used in the treatment of toxic organic pollutants.

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17

Itoh, Kazutaka, Hiroki Ohkawa, Sanro Tachibana, and Tatuya Hirabayashi. "Bioremediation by Wood-Rotting fungi (II). Relationship between enzyme activities of fungi having ability for degradation of dioxins and degradation of 2,7-Dichlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and an improved screening method of fungi having ability for degradation of dioxins." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 11 (1997): 1759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.1759.

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18

Zhao, Yuyang, Xiaomin Sun, Jing Bai, Chenxi Zhang, and Jianghua Zhang. "Atmospheric degradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the presence of NO3 at night." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, no. 6 (June 2013): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2012-0443.

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The density functional theory (DFT) has been applied to studies on the homogeneous gas-phase degradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (2,3,7,8-TeCDD) initiated by the NO3 radical, which is an important atmospheric species at night. The geometrical parameters and vibrational frequencies of all the stationary points were calculated at the MPWB1K/6-31+G (d,p) level. Potential energies were calculated at the MPWB1K/6-311+G (3df,2p) level. Three sites on 2,3,7,8-TeCDD react with the NO3 radical with different barriers and reaction heats. The addition of NO3 to the carbon atom on the central C–O ring is the most appropriate pathway and with the lower barriers, and the central ring of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin is opened in the subsequent reactions. Some other pathways are stressed for the dechlorination mechanism. Canonical variational transition-state theory with small curvature tunneling contribution was used to calculate the rate constants of each elementary reaction over the temperature range of 200–400 K. The Arrhenius equations were fitted to show the relationship between rate constants and temperature.

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19

Lenoir, D., K. W. Schramm, O. Hutzinger, and G. Schedel. "Photochemical degradation of brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans in organic solvents." Chemosphere 22, no. 9-10 (January 1991): 821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(91)90240-e.

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20

NOJIRI, Hideaki, and Toshio OMORI. "Molecular Bases of Aerobic Bacterial Degradation of Dioxins: Involvement of Angular Dioxygenation." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 66, no. 10 (January 2002): 2001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.66.2001.

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21

Zheng, Minghui, Pengyan Liu, Zhicheng Bao, and Xiaobai Xu. "Aspects of formation and degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans." Chinese Science Bulletin 44, no. 14 (July 1999): 1249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02885839.

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22

Barbeni, Massimo, Edmondo Pramauro, Ezio Pelizzetti, Enrico Borgarello, Nick Serpone, and Mary A. Jamieson. "Photochemical degradation of chlorinated dioxins, biphenyls phenols and benzene on semiconductor dispersion." Chemosphere 15, no. 9-12 (January 1986): 1913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(86)90482-0.

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23

Wilkes, H., R. Wittich, K. N. Timmis, P. Fortnagel, and W. Francke. "Degradation of Chlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dibenzo-p-Dioxins by Sphingomonas sp. Strain RW1." Applied and environmental microbiology 62, no. 2 (1996): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.2.367-371.1996.

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24

Hrabák, Pavel, Martina Homolková, Stanisław Wacławek, and Miroslav Černík. "Chemical Degradation of PCDD/F in Contaminated Sediment." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0034.

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Abstract Due to the extreme toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), the remediation of PCDD/F aquifer source zones is greatly needed; however, it is very difficult due to their persistence and recalcitrance. The potential degradability of PCDD/F bound to a real matrix was studied in five systems: iron in a high oxidation state (ferrate), zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), palladium nanopowder (Pd), a combination of nZVI and Pd, and persulfate (PSF). The results were expressed by comparing the total toxicity of treated and untreated samples. This was done by weighting the concentrations of congeners (determined using a standardized GC/HRMS technique) by their defined toxicity equivalent factors (TEF). The results indicated that only PSF was able to significantly degrade PCDD/F. Toxicity in the system decreased by 65% after PSF treatment. Thus, we conclude that PSF may be a potential solution for in-situ remediation of soil and groundwater at PCDD/F contaminated sites.

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25

Zheng, Minghui, Pengyan Liu, Zhicheng Bao, and Xiaobai Xu. "ChemInform Abstract: Aspects of Formation and Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans." ChemInform 31, no. 2 (June 11, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200002267.

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Wang, Lan, Yong Luo, and Jun Ling Ren. "Preparation of Mesoporous TiO₂ Thin Films and Research on Ultraviolet Photolysis Degradation of Dioxins from MSW Ash." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3440.

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Mesoporous TiO2thin films have been prepared with so1-ge1 method by using tetrabutyl titanate(TBT) as precursor and PEG (Molecular weight 3000)as template．The XRD spectrum of the samples of the thin films indicated that the sample crystallized into anatase phase under the 500°C．And the photocatalytic degradation study of dioxins from MSW ash had been carried out. The result showed that the Mesoporous TiO2thin films with anatase phase had high photocatalytic efficiency and was in favor of the regeneration and reuse.

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27

Choi, Wonyong, Soo Jin Hong, Yoon-Seok Chang, and Youngmin Cho. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins on TiO2Film under UV or Solar Light Irradiation." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 22 (November 2000): 4810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0011461.

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28

Habe, Hiroshi, Kazuki Ide, Mizuyo Yotsumoto, Hirokazu Tsuji, Takako Yoshida, Hideaki Nojiri, and Toshio Omori. "Degradation characteristics of a dibenzofuran-degrader Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63 toward chlorinated dioxins in soil." Chemosphere 48, no. 2 (July 2002): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00064-4.

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29

Zhang, Junjie, Shengen Zhang, and Bo Liu. "Degradation technologies and mechanisms of dioxins in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: A review." Journal of Cleaner Production 250 (March 2020): 119507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119507.

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30

Katsumata, Hideyuki, Satoshi Kaneco, Tohru Suzuki, Kiyohisa Ohta, and Yoshihiro Yobiko. "Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in aqueous solution by Fe(II)/H2O2/UV system." Chemosphere 63, no. 4 (April 2006): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.015.

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Katsumata, Hideyuki, Satoshi Kaneco, Tohru Suzuki, Kiyohisa Ohta, and Yoshihiro Yobiko. "Sonochemical degradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in aqueous solution with Fe(III)/UV system." Chemosphere 69, no. 8 (October 2007): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.054.

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32

Wang, Lan, Jun Ling Ren, and Bing Chang. "The Studies on Photolysis of Dioxins from MSW Ash by TiO₂ Thin Film Codoped Co and N." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3850.

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Co\N codoped mesoporous TiO2 thin films that adhered to the glass slides were prepared with normal temperature complexation method by using tetrabutyl titanate(TBT) , triethylamine(TEA), cobalt dichloride hexahydrate．The XRD patterns of the samples of the thin films indicated that the sample appeared sharp titanium ore and rutile characteristic peaks and characteristic peaks became wide．And the photocatalytic degradation study of dioxins from MSW ash had been carried out. The result showed that the mesoporous TiO2 thin films Co\N codoped had high photocatalytic efficiency and was in favor of the regeneration and reuse.

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33

Homolková, M., P. Hrabák, N. Graham, and M. Černík. "A study of the reaction of ferrate with pentachlorophenol – kinetics and degradation products." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 1 (October 26, 2016): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.496.

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a persistent pollutant which has been widely used as a pesticide and a wood preservative. As PCP is toxic and is present in significant quantities in the environment, there is considerable interest in elimination of PCP from waters. One of the promising methods is the application of ferrate. Ferrate is an oxidant and coagulant. It can be applied as a multi-purpose chemical for water and wastewater treatment as it degrades a wide range of environmental pollutants. Moreover, ferrate is considered a green oxidant and disinfectant. This study focuses on the kinetics of PCP degradation by ferrate under different pH conditions. The formation of degradation products is also considered. The second-order rate constants of the PCP reaction with ferrate increased from 23 M−1 s−1 to 4,948 M−1 s−1 with a decrease in pH from 9 to 6. At neutral pH the degradation was fast, indicating that ferrate could be used for rapid removal of PCP. The total degradation of PCP was confirmed by comparing the initial PCP molarity with the molarity of chloride ions released. We conclude no harmful products are formed during ferrate treatment as all PCP chlorine was released as chloride. Specifically, no polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans were detected.

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Zhang, Tong, Yuchen Yang, Kai Zhou, Bo Liu, Ganpei Tian, Wu Zuo, Haiyun Zhou, and Bo Bian. "Hydrothermal oxidation degradation of dioxins in fly ash with water-washing and added Ce–Mn catalyst." Journal of Environmental Management 317 (September 2022): 115430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115430.

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35

Nakagawa, Sota, Yukio Kenmochi, Kaori Tutumi, Toshihiro Tanaka, and Izumi Hirasawa. "A Study on the Degradation of Endocrine Disruptors and Dioxins by Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation Processes." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 35, no. 9 (2002): 840–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.35.840.

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36

Iwai, Shoko, Atsushi Yamazoe, Ryosuke Takahashi, Futoshi Kurisu, and Osami Yagi. "Degradation of Mono-chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins by Janibacter sp. Strain YA Isolated from River Sediment." Current Microbiology 51, no. 5 (October 15, 2005): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-005-0099-6.

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37

Zamora-Garcia, Ileana R., Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz, Jorge G. Ibanez, Julio Cesar Torres-Elguera, Kazimierz Wrobel, and Silvia Gutierrez-Granados. "Degradation of pentachlorophenol as a model hazardous and recalcitrant organochlorinated pollutant using AgIII." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 8 (2017): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17114.

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Environmental context Electrochemistry offers potential applications for environmental remediation. Pentachlorophenol, a highly toxic and recalcitrant halogenated compound, is degraded by a novel oxidant produced electrochemically, and the intermediates and products of the degradation are investigated. Cyclic remediation systems merit further study. Abstract The use of electrochemically generated Ag(OH)4− as a strong oxidising agent was evaluated for the treatment of a model hazardous and recalcitrant organochlorinated pollutant, pentachlorophenol (PCP). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) or with electron capture detection (GC-ECD), gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and UV-visible spectroscopy were utilised to investigate intermediates and products generated during such treatment. From these, it was deduced that dechlorination occurred first, followed by an oxidative ring opening at the C=C bond that destabilised the remaining structure and generated tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (or 2,3,5-trichlorophenol), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (or 2,3,6-trichlorophenol) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (or 3,4-dichlorophenol). In contrast to other remediation methods (e.g. incineration) no highly toxic molecules such as dioxins were generated by this novel degradation system.

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38

Isosaari, Pirjo, Tuula Tuhkanen, and Terttu Vartiainen. "Use of Olive Oil for Soil Extraction and Ultraviolet Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans." Environmental Science & Technology 35, no. 6 (March 2001): 1259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es000190d.

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39

Van Berkel, Olga M., Kees Olie, and Martin Van Den Berg. "Thermal Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans on Fly Ash from a Municipal Incinerator." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 34, no. 1 (September 1988): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067318808029921.

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40

Simion, Alina, Mitsunori Kakeda, Naoyoshi Egashira, Yoshiharu Mitoma, and Cristian Simion. "A direct method for the decontamination of a fly ash amended wet soil, artificially polluted with dioxins." Open Chemistry 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 1547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0066-6.

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AbstractWe report hereby the first method of direct treatment of a wet soil containing toxic polychloroderivatives. Using a system with metallic Ca and 5% Rh fixed on charcoal in methanol, soil samples artificially polluted with fly ash containing polychloro-dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychloro-dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), and having 69.2% to 84.6% moisture content, were successfully treated and decontaminated. This treatment afforded excellent hydrodechlorination yields for the 29 most toxic congeners of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs (98.3% degradation yield based on toxic equivalent quotient — or TEQ) after a 24 h treatment, at room temperature.

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41

Vollmuth, Stefan, and Reinhard Niessner. "Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during the UV/ozone treatment of pentachlorophenol‐containing water." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 61, no. 1-4 (August 1997): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249709358472.

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42

Zhang, Chenxi, Tingli Sun, and Xiaomin Sun. "Mechanism for OH-Initiated Degradation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins in the Presence of O2and NO/H2O." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 11 (June 2011): 4756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es104271a.

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43

Schreiner, G., T. Wiedmann, H. Schimmel, and K. Ballschmiter. "Influence of the substitution pattern on the microbial degradation of mono- to tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans." Chemosphere 34, no. 5-7 (March 1997): 1315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00429-3.

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44

Takada, S., M. Nakamura, T. Matsueda, R. Kondo, and K. Sakai. "Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624." Applied and environmental microbiology 62, no. 12 (1996): 4323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.12.4323-4328.1996.

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45

Pelizzetti, Ezio, Marco Borgarello, Claudio Minero, Edmondo Pramauro, Enrico Borgarello, and Nick Serpone. "Photocatalytic degradation of polychlorinated dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in aqueous suspensions of semiconductors irradiated with simulated solar light." Chemosphere 17, no. 3 (January 1988): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(88)90025-2.

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46

Kumar, Bhupander, Satish Kumar Singh, Ram Bharoshey Lal, Sanjay Kumar, and Chandra Shekhar Sharma. "Congener specific distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-p-furans in ambient air particulates (less than PM10) in Delhi, India." Journal of Xenobiotics 2, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2012.e7.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-furans (PCDFs) are unintentionally formed during inefficient combustions and as a by-product. Due to their resistance to degradation and their toxic effect on health, PCDD/Fs are listed by the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Once released into the atmosphere, most of them are adsorbed to air particles and transported away from sources in atmosphere. India signed the Stockholm Convention India agreeing thereby to reduce and eliminate the use of POPs. The German agency for Technical Cooperation helped develop facilities for monitoring POPs at a national level in Delhi. This paper presents the data generated during a training assignment for Central Pollution Control Board officials at the German laboratory. Air borne particulate matter (<PM<sub>10</sub>) was collected from 6 different locations in Delhi, India and analyzed in a German laboratory for 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs. The concentrations of ΣPCDD/Fs ranged between 1720-9010 fg m<sup>-3</sup> (mean 5559 fg m<sup>-3</sup>) and their toxic equivalency values ranged from 67 to 460 fg I-toxic equivalent quantities (TEQ) m<sup>-3</sup>, with an average of 239 fg I-TEQ m<sup>-3</sup> which was lower than the ambient air standards. The dominant congeners were octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), octachlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (OCDF), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo- p-furans, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin. The contributions of individual homologs for ΣPCDDs/Fs I-TEQ was in the order of OCDD (31%)>HCDF (21%)>hexachlorodibenzofurans (13%)=OCDF (13%)> HCDF (12%) and other individual congeners contribute less than 5%. High chlorinated congeners contributed with more than 80% for ΣPCDD/Fs I-TEQ. Rough estimates of tolerable daily intake (TDI) shows low health risk of exposure to ΣPCDD/Fs with inhalation of 0.098 pg I-TEQ kg<sup>1</sup>day<sup>1</sup> for adult and 0.152 pg TEQ kg<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup> for children, which is much lower than World Health Organization recommended TDI for dioxins.

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47

Tachibana, Sanro, Hiroki Ohkawa, Kazutaka Itoh, Tae Oki, and Tatuya Hirabayashi. "Bioremediation by Wood-Rotting fungi. (I). Screening of fungi having ability for degradation of dioxins and degradation of 2,7-Dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by some fungi separated by the screening and by some wood-rotting fungi." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 50, no. 12 (1996): 1806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.50.1806.

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48

Lissel, Manfred, Jürgen Kottmann, Dov Tamarkin, and Mordechai Rabinovitz. "Reductive Cleavage of Aryl-O-and Aryl-CI- Bonds by C8K: a Potential Method for the Degradation of Dioxins." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-0922.

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49

Habe, Hiroshi, Jin-Sung Chung, Jong-Hoon Lee, Kano Kasuga, Takako Yoshida, Hideaki Nojiri, and Toshio Omori. "Degradation of Chlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dibenzo-p-Dioxins by Two Types of Bacteria Having Angular Dioxygenases with Different Features." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 3610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.8.3610-3617.2001.

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ABSTRACT Two kinds of bacteria having different-structured angular dioxygenases—a dibenzofuran (DF)-utilizing bacterium,Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63, and a carbazole (CAR)-utilizing bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10—were investigated for their ability to degrade some chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs) and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) (or, together, CDF/Ds) using either wild-type strains or recombinant Escherichia coli strains. First, it was shown that CAR 1,9a-dioxygenase (CARDO) catalyzed angular dioxygenation of all mono- to triCDF/Ds investigated in this study, but DF 4,4a-dioxygenase (DFDO) did not degrade 2,7-diCDD. Secondly, degradation of CDF/Ds by the sets of three enzymes (angular dioxygenase, extradiol dioxygenase, and meta-cleavage compound hydrolase) was examined, showing that these enzymes in both strains were able to convert 2-CDF to 5-chlorosalicylic acid but not other tested substrates to the corresponding chlorosalicylic acid (CSA) or chlorocatechol (CC). Finally, we tested the potential of both wild-type strains for cooxidation of CDF/Ds and demonstrated that both strains degraded 2-CDF, 2-CDD, and 2,3-diCDD to the corresponding CSA and CC. We investigated the sites for the attack of angular dioxygenases in each CDF/D congener, suggesting the possibility that the angular dioxygenation of 2-CDF, 2-CDD, 2,3-diCDD, and 1,2,3-triCDD (10 ppm each) by both DFDO and CARDO occurred mainly on the nonsubstituted aromatic nuclei.

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Zhang, Hui, Kun Zhang, and ShengMin Sun. "Theoretical study of the degradation mechanism on the reactions 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins with hydrogen and chlorine atoms." Science China Technological Sciences 58, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5736-5.

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