Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dioxins degradation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Dioxins degradation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Dioxins degradation"

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Gao, Xingbao, Bingjing Ji, Dahai Yan, Qifei Huang, and Xuemei Zhu. "A full-scale study on thermal degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash and its secondary air pollution control in China." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16677078.

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Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash is beneficial to its risk control. Fly ash was treated in a full-scale thermal degradation system (capacity 1 t d−1) to remove polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Apart from the confirmation of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran decomposition efficiency, we focused on two major issues that are the major obstacles for commercialising this decomposition technology in China, desorption and regeneration of dioxins and control of secondary air pollution. The toxic equivalent quantity values of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans decreased to <6 ng kg−1 and the detoxification rate was ⩾97% after treatment for 1 h at 400 °C under oxygen-deficient conditions. About 8.49% of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of the original fly ash were desorbed or regenerated. The extreme high polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran levels and dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congener profiles in the dust of the flue gas showed that desorption was the main reason, rather than de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust pipe. Degradation furnace flue gas was introduced to the municipal solid waste incinerator economiser, and then co-processed in the air pollution control system. The degradation furnace released relatively large amounts of cadmium, lead and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans compared with the municipal solid waste incinerator, but the amounts emitted to the atmosphere did not exceed the Chinese national emission limits. Thermal degradation can therefore be used as a polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran abatement method for municipal solid waste incinerator source in China.
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Shahare, Vaishali V., Rajni Grover, and Suman Meena. "Evaluation of Nanotechniques and Conventional Techniques for the Removal of Dioxins." Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180110153919.

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Background: The persistent dioxins/furans has caused a worldwide concern as they influence the human health. Recent research indicates that nonmaterial may prove effective in the degradation of Dioxins/furans. The nanomaterials are very reactive owing to their large surface area to volume ratio and large number of reactive sites. However, nanotechnology applications face both the challenges and the opportunities to influence the area of environmental protection. Objective: i) To study the impact of oil mediated UV-irradiations on the removal of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, OCDD and OCDF in simulated soil samples. ii) To compare the conventional treatment methods with the modern available nanotechniques for the removal of selected Dioxins/furans from soil samples. Methods: The present work has investigated an opportunity of the degradation of tetra and octachlorinated dioxins and furans by using oil mediated UV radiations with subsequent extraction of respective dioxins/furans from soils. The results have been compared with the available nanotechniques. Results: The dioxin congeners in the simulated soil sample showed decrease in concentration with the increase in the exposure time and intensity of UV radiations. The dechlorination of PCDD/Fs using palladized iron has been found to be effective. Conclusion: Both the conventional methods and nanotechnology have a dramatic impact on the removal of Dioxins/furans in contaminated soil. However, the nanotechniques are comparatively costlier and despite the relatively high rates of PCDDs dechlorination by Pd/nFe, small fraction of the dioxins are recalcitrant to degradation over considerable exposure times.
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Field, Jim A., and Reyes Sierra-Alvarez. "Microbial degradation of chlorinated dioxins." Chemosphere 71, no. 6 (April 2008): 1005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.039.

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Mitoma, Yoshiharu, Maki Takase, Yoshiko Yoshino, Taizo Masuda, Hideki Tashiro, Naoyoshi Egashira, and Takashi Oki. "Novel Mild Hydrodechlorination of PCDDs, PCDFs, and co-PCBs inside Fly Ash Using a Calcium-Promoted Rhodium Carbon Catalyst in Methanol." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2006): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06002.

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Environmental Context. The generic term ‘dioxins’, the family of which includes polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), is used to describe highly toxic and mutagenic compounds. Many methods that involve high-temperature or high-pressure dry hydrogen conditions to ensure adequate decomposition for persistent chlorinated aromatic pollutants present disadvantages for repeated synthesis or recovery of vaporized dioxins and co-PCBs. We discovered that highly efficient degradation of dioxins in fly ash is accomplished in 24 h using metallic calcium and Rh/C in alcohol in a sealed tube at 25°C at 0.15 MPa. Abstract. Effective hydrodechlorination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in fly ash was achieved in 24 h using a simple stirring operation in a sealed tube with metallic calcium and Rh/C catalyst in an alcohol solution at room temperature with 0.15 MPa of increasing internal pressure. The initial 7806 pg dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) (g of ash)–1 of dioxins in fly ash, which had adsorbed inside the solid phase, was finally degraded to 23.6 pg of TEQ (g of ash)–1, according to estimation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis.
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Kang, Dongrui, Yao Bian, Qiqi Shi, Jianqiao Wang, Peng Yuan, and Boxiong Shen. "A Review of Synergistic Catalytic Removal of Nitrogen Oxides and Chlorobenzene from Waste Incinerators." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111360.

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Emission of harmful gases, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and dioxins pose a serious threat to the human environment; so, it is urgent to control NOx and dioxin emissions. The new regulations for municipal solid waste incineration emissions set new stringent requirements for NOx and dioxin emission standards. Most of the existing pollutant control technologies focus on single-unit NOx reduction or dioxin degradation. However, the installation of separate NOx and dioxins removal units is space-consuming and costs a lot. Nowadays, the simultaneous elimination of NOx and dioxins in the same facility has been regarded as a promising technology. Due to the extremely high toxicity of dioxins, the less toxic chlorobenzene, which has the basic structure of dioxins, has been commonly used as a model molecule for dioxins in the laboratory. In this review, the catalysts used for nitrogen oxides/chlorobenzene (NOx/CB) co-removal were classified into two types: firstly, non-loaded and loaded transition metal catalysts, and their catalytic properties were summarized and outlined. Then, the interaction of the NH3-SCR reaction and chlorobenzene catalytic oxidation (CBCO) on the catalyst surface was discussed in detail. Finally, the causes of catalyst deactivation were analyzed and summarized. Hopefully, this review may provide a reference for the design and commercial application of NOx/CB synergistic removal catalysts.
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Samara, Fatin, Thouraya Ghalayini, Nedal Abu Farha, and Sofian Kanan. "The Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin in the Presence of Silver–Titanium Based Catalysts." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10090957.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) are persistent toxic compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment. The photodegradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the presence of silver titanium oxide (AgTi) and silver titanium doped into the Y-zeolite (AgTiY) was tested using high (254 nm) and mid (302 nm) energy UV irradiation sources. AgTi and AgTiY, both showed success in the photodegradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD dissolved in methanol/tetrahydrofuran solution. Both catalysts were found to effectively decompose TCDD at 302 nm (lower energy) reaching in between 98–99% degradation after five hours, but AgTiY showed better performance than AgTi at 60 min reaching 91% removal. Byproducts of degradation were evaluated using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), resulting in 2,3,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a lower chlorinated congener and less toxic, as the main degradation product. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the relative toxicity of the degradation byproducts were a decrease in optical density indicated that some products of degradation could be potentially more toxic than the parent TCDD. On the other hand, a decrease in toxicity was observed for the samples with the highest 2,3,7,8-TCDD degradation, confirming that AgTiY irradiated at 302 nm is an excellent choice for degrading TCDD. This is the first study to report on the efficiency of silver titanium doped zeolites for the removal of toxic organic contaminants such as dioxins and furans from aquatic ecosystems.
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Chen, Zhiliang, Qiongjing Mao, Shengyong Lu, Alfons Buekens, Shuaixi Xu, Xu Wang, and Jianhua Yan. "Dioxins degradation and reformation during mechanochemical treatment." Chemosphere 180 (August 2017): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.004.

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Soda, Satoshi. "Degradation and Transformation of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in Bioremediation Technology." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 30, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.30.194.

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Colquhoun, David R., Erica M. Hartmann, and Rolf U. Halden. "Proteomic Profiling of the Dioxin-Degrading BacteriumSphingomonas wittichiiRW1." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/408690.

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Sphingomonas wittichiiRW1 is a bacterium of interest due to its ability to degrade polychlorinated dioxins, which represent priority pollutants in the USA and worldwide. Although its genome has been fully sequenced, many questions exist regarding changes in protein expression ofS. wittichiiRW1 in response to dioxin metabolism. We used difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to identify proteomic changes induced by growth on dibenzofuran, a surrogate for dioxin, as compared to acetate. Approximately 10% of the entire putative proteome of RW1 could be observed. Several components of the dioxin and dibenzofuran degradation pathway were shown to be upregulated, thereby highlighting the utility of using proteomic analyses for studying bioremediation agents. This is the first global protein analysis of a microorganism capable of utilizing the carbon backbone of both polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans as the sole source for carbon and energy.
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Ozga-Stachurska, Alicja Maria, Justyna Wójcik-Grudzień, Paulina Pawłowska, and Martyna Rozenbajgier. "influence of dioxines on endometriosis development – study review." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.09.057.

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Introduction: Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls are considered to be among the most toxic to humans due to their persistence, resistance to degradation and chemical properties. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity showing secretory activity. It is one of the most common causes of pelvic pain and decreased fertility; is formed as a result of the action of hormonal and immune mechanisms. The exact etiology is unknown and multifactorial; risk factors for endometriosis include both family conditions and various environmental factors, including exposure to chemicals. The aim of the study: Evaluation of the impact of dioxins on endometriosis development. Materials and methods: A research was performed using Pubmed, Google Scholar and ResearchGate; we made review and meta-analysis of the most relevant studies. Results: Dioxins can contribute to cancer development, which is well documented, as well as several conditions, such as sexual dysfunctions, oxidative stress and inflammation. Doxins have similar structure to steroid hormones, so their main target are male and female gonads, thyroid gland and other organs in which steroid hormones are produced. Conclusions: Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease, whereas dioxins are strong poisons that have an adverse effect on live organisms. Many epidemiological studies suggest that dioxins may significantly contribute to the development of endometriosis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dioxins degradation"

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PICCINELLI, ELSA. "Environmental impact of industrial plants combustion processes: kinetic and formation/destruction mechanisms of PolichlorinatedDibenzo-p-Dioxins and PolichlorinatedDibenzoFurans." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/10060.

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The aim of the project was to study the mechanism of formation and degradation of PolyChlorinatedDibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and PolyChlorinatedDibenzoFurans (PCDFs) in combustion processes. Today the challenge is to demonstrate that the conclusion based on laboratory scale experiments and the models coming from the results are useful tools to estimate emissions and to prevent or reduce PCDD/F (sum of PCDDs and PCDFs) formation in the flue gas cleaning system of plants. Following this, the study was developed at two different scales: Laboratory scale. The native carbon oxidation and PCDD/F formation were simultaneously studied at different temperatures (230-350 °C) and times (0-1440 min) in order to establish a direct correlation between the disappearance of the reagents and the formation of the products. The kinetic runs were conducted in a experimental set up where conditions were chosen to gain information on the role of fly ash deposits in cold zone of the plant in PCCD/F formation reaction Real plant scale. An extensive experimental study of a secondary aluminium casting plant flue gas cleaning system was performed. In particular, on the strength of the knowledge obtained by laboratory studies and the results of the samplings, the best strategies to prevent PCDD/F formation were identify and Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) performance was improved.
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Bhattacharjee, Linkon. "DEGRADATION OF 1,4-DIOXANE USING METALLIC NANOPARTICLES UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2655.

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1,4-dioxane is an emerging contaminant and fully miscible organic compound which has been found extensively in wastewater effluent. Conventional water treatment technologies like carbon adsorption, and air stripping are inefficient in removing this extremely mobile and persistent contaminant from water. In this study, different types of metallic nanoparticles, e.g., nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), γFe2O3, and Fe(III)-doped TiO2 were used to investigate the removal of 1,4-dioxane under visible light. These nanoparticles were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The experiments were first carried out using deionized water (DIW) at pH 7 and pH 3. nZVI was found more efficient than other nanoparticles under visible light irradiation at pH 3. No 1,4-dioxane removal was obtained for all cases at pH 7 under visible light, or at pH 3 in dark. Moreover, light intensity also plays a significant role in 1,4-dioxane removal. Removal of 22.3%, 40.0% and >99.9% of 1.4-dioxane was reached under 2.4 mW/cm2, 2.6 mw/cm2 and 3.25 mW/cm2 light intensities, respectively, after 6 h of irradiation. The most efficient nanoparticle nZVI was applied to wastewater effluent from Carbondale Southeast Wastewater Treatment Plant. From the results, it was found that 1,4-dioxane degradation took longer time in wastewater effluent than in DIW, because of the presence of other constituents in the wastewater sample. nZVI is also capable of removing 1,4-dioxane in presence of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) at pH 3 under visible light. In comparison, TiO2 nanoparticle is capable of degrading 1,4-dioxane under visible light or under sunlight at pH 7. Moreover, TiO2 removed 1,4-dioxane in presence of both TCE and PCE at pH 7 under visible light or sunlight. This study found a cost-effective and efficient solution for removing 1,4-dioxane from wastewater effluent that can be reused, by using metallic nanoparticles under visible light.
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Manthey, Jacek Tadeusz. "Degradation of thin silicon dioxide films and EEPROM cells /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=832.

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Namor, Omar G. "Sorbic acid interaction with sulphur dioxide in model food systems." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1987. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847780/.

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Sorbic acid and sulphur dioxide are often used together, as preservatives,in many foods. Sorbic acid is known to undergo degradation in aqueous solutions, and this degradation appears to be accelerated in the presence of sulphur dioxide. The interaction between sorbic acid and sulphur dioxide is the subject of this thesis. The work is subdivided into five chapters, as follows: The first chapter deals with the chemistry of sorbic acid acid and sulphur dioxide. The second chapter describes a study of the degradation products of sorbic acid, in aqueous systems, in the presence of sulphur dioxide and a possible mechanism for the occurrence of these products is proposed. Chapter three deals with the preparation and degradation of 6-[[13]C] sorbic acid in order to find evidence for, or against, the mechanism proposed in chapter two. It also gives details of syntheses attempted in order to obtain 6-[[13]C] sorbic acid. The interaction of sorbic acid and sulphur dioxide in real food systems is the subject of the fourth chapter. The food systems studied were mayonnaise, tomato puree, orange juice and cottage cheese. The effect of packaging on the rate of degradation of sorbic acid was also investigated. The final chapter deals with a microbiological study of two homologues of sorbic acid, 2,4-heptadienoic acid, 2,4-octadienoic acid. The fungicidal activity of these two compounds, towards selected fungi, was analysed. 4-0xobut-2-enoic acid, a degradation product of sorbic acid in aqueous systems, was also analysed as a possible fungistat.
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Kamwilaisak, Khanita. "The combination of laccase and titanium dioxide for lignin degradation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521978.

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Harris, Neil. "The degradation of lubricant and fuel due to nitrogen dioxide." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20881/.

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Due to the recent trends to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions there have been changes to engine design, resulting in higher temperatures and more nitrogen dioxide in the engine, as well as increased biodiesel usage. Overall, this has led to a more severe environment for the engine lubricant, increasing degradation; an understanding of the mechanism is required to prevent this degradation. Squalane has been used as a model base oil and degraded in an environment of nitrogen dioxide at 150 oC. GC x GC has been used to separate the resultant product mixture, and time of flight mass spectrometry identified products as the squalane alcohol, ketones and alkane fragments. Nitrogen containing products have been identified using a GC x GC with nitrogen chemiluminescence detector, the highest concentration of product has been identified as nitromethane. Other nitroalkanes have been proposed based on retention index. The experiments have been repeated for mixtures of nitrogen dioxide and oxygen and no unique products have been identified. The impact of biodiesel degradation has been assessed using methyl linolate as a model compound and applying the same techniques as used for the base oil model system. The products have been identified as being due to fragmentation of the methyl linolate and the formation of ketones. The largest nitrogen containing product concentration being the nitromethane, other nitoalkanes which have been identified. This experimental evidence has led to the elucidation of the mechanism for nitration which is presented and compared with the autoxidation mechanism. The nitration is hydrogen abstraction initiated by NO2. The second stage is the addition of NO2 to form an alkyl nitrite. The CO-NO bond is comparable to a peroxide, therefore decays to an alkoxy radical. The alkoxy radical can then follow the established mechanisms in autoxidation to form the observed products.
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Stewart, Laine Kincaid. "Tungsten trioxide and titanium dioxide photocatalytic degradations of quinoline." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Hathway, Timothy Lee. "Titanium dioxide particle size effects on the degradation of organic molecules." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Searle, J. R. "Titanium dioxide pigment photocatalysed degradation of PVC and plasticised PVC coatings." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638788.

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Due to its ubiquitous presence in paints of all colours, titanium dioxide represents the primary pigment used in Organically Coated Steel (OCS) for construction applications. However the semi-conducting nature of TiO2 translates into a possibility of inducing photodegradation when exposed to Ultra Violet (UV) radiation such as that present in sunlight. Initial research concentrated on developing a test procedure of the photoactivity of these pigments within a PVC binder. Model coatings, using pigments of known performance, have been tested to evaluate the success of this rapid test technique and excellent correlation has been shown. Building on this, Chapter 4 details a unique cell that has been designed, constructed and tested resulting in a more versatile testing environment. This cell has been used to examine the photostability of 4 commercially available pigments while present within a standard emulsion paint binder. Chapters 5 and 6 detail work performed on Plasticised PVC paint films and the resultant effects this has on the kinetics of photodegradation as monitored via the evolution of CO2. Also incorporated into this design is the ability to identify and quantify volatile organic components that are evolved during the degradation process, thus providing information regarding the photodegradation mechanism occurring within the film. It has been found that in these model films, the addition of plasticiser increases the rate of photogenerated CO2 and also produces volatile components that can be directly related to the parent plasticiser molecule. There is some evidence to suggest that for certain plasticisers, a sacrificial protection mechanism is at work, resulting in increased CO2 evolution but decreased attack on the binder matrix. Finally in Chapter 7, a number of complimentary techniques are employed to assess the effect that TiO2 photocatalysed PVC degradation has on the underlying substrate material. The techniques include electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electro-generated chemiluminescence (ECL) and 3-D scanning vibrating electrode technique (3-D SVET). Photodegradation leads to porosity development in coatings and eventual through coating penetrative defects lead to corrosion.
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Zhang, Geshan. "The Degradation of Cyanotoxins by using Polymorphic Titanium Dioxide Based Catalysts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406810827.

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Books on the topic "Dioxins degradation"

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Plan B: Rescuing a planet under stress and a civilization in trouble. New York: Norton, 2003.

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Abidin, Handa. The protection of indigenous peoples and reduction of forest carbon emissions: The REDD-Plus regime and international law. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2015.

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe., ed. Effects and control of transboundary air pollution: Report prepared within the framework of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. New York: United Nations, 1987.

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Toxic Matters: Narrating Italy's Dioxin. University of Virginia Press, 2022.

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Seger, Monica. Toxic Matters: Narrating Italy's Dioxin. University of Virginia Press, 2022.

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Luck, Anni. UV/titanium dioxide for drinking water treatment: Concurrent degradation of 1,4-dioxane and removal of iron and manganese. 2007.

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Kirchman, David L. Degradation of organic matter. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0007.

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The aerobic oxidation of organic material by microbes is the focus of this chapter. Microbes account for about 50% of primary production in the biosphere, but they probably account for more than 50% of organic material oxidization and respiration (oxygen use). The traditional role of microbes is to degrade organic material and to release plant nutrients such as phosphate and ammonium as well as carbon dioxide. Microbes are responsible for more than half of soil respiration, while size fractionation experiments show that bacteria are also responsible for about half of respiration in aquatic habitats. In soils, both fungi and bacteria are important, with relative abundances and activity varying with soil type. In contrast, fungi are not common in the oceans and lakes, where they are out-competed by bacteria with their small cell size. Dead organic material, detritus, used by microbes, comes from dead plants and waste products from herbivores. It and associated microbes can be eaten by many eukaryotic organisms, forming a detritus food web. These large organisms also break up detritus into small pieces, creating more surface area on which microbes can act. Microbes in turn need to use extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze large molecular weight compounds, which releases small compounds that can be transported into cells. Fungi and bacteria use a different mechanism, “oxidative decomposition,” to degrade lignin. Organic compounds that are otherwise easily degraded (“labile”) may resist decomposition if absorbed to surfaces or surrounded by refractory organic material. Addition of labile compounds can stimulate or “prime” the degradation of other organic material. Microbes also produce organic compounds, some eventually resisting degradation for thousands of years, and contributing substantially to soil organic material in terrestrial environments and dissolved organic material in aquatic ones. The relationship between community diversity and a biochemical process depends on the metabolic redundancy among members of the microbial community. This redundancy may provide “ecological insurance” and ensure the continuation of key biogeochemical processes when environmental conditions change.
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Barakat, Mohamed A., and Rajeev Kumar. Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Degradation of Pollutants in Wastewater. Springer, 2015.

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Barakat, Mohamed A., and Rajeev Kumar. Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Degradation of Pollutants in Wastewater. Springer London, Limited, 2015.

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Kirchman, David L. Processes in anoxic environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0011.

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During organic material degradation in oxic environments, electrons from organic material, the electron donor, are transferred to oxygen, the electron acceptor, during aerobic respiration. Other compounds, such as nitrate, iron, sulfate, and carbon dioxide, take the place of oxygen during anaerobic respiration in anoxic environments. The order in which these compounds are used by bacteria and archaea (only a few eukaryotes are capable of anaerobic respiration) is set by thermodynamics. However, concentrations and chemical state also determine the relative importance of electron acceptors in organic carbon oxidation. Oxygen is most important in the biosphere, while sulfate dominates in marine systems, and carbon dioxide in environments with low sulfate concentrations. Nitrate respiration is important in the nitrogen cycle but not in organic material degradation because of low nitrate concentrations. Organic material is degraded and oxidized by a complex consortium of organisms, the anaerobic food chain, in which the by-products from physiological types of organisms becomes the starting material of another. The consortium consists of biopolymer hydrolysis, fermentation, hydrogen gas production, and the reduction of either sulfate or carbon dioxide. The by-product of sulfate reduction, sulfide and other reduced sulfur compounds, is oxidized back eventually to sulfate by either non-phototrophic, chemolithotrophic organisms or by phototrophic microbes. The by-product of another main form of anaerobic respiration, carbon dioxide reduction, is methane, which is produced only by specific archaea. Methane is degraded aerobically by bacteria and anaerobically by some archaea, sometimes in a consortium with sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultivation-independent approaches focusing on 16S rRNA genes and a methane-related gene (mcrA) have been instrumental in understanding these consortia because the microbes remain uncultivated to date. The chapter ends with some discussion about the few eukaryotes able to reproduce without oxygen. In addition to their ecological roles, anaerobic protists provide clues about the evolution of primitive eukaryotes.
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Book chapters on the topic "Dioxins degradation"

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Harms, Hauke. "Bioavailability of Dioxin-Like Compounds for Microbial Degradation." In Biodegradation of Dioxins and Furans, 135–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06068-1_6.

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Armengaud, Jean, and Kenneth N. Timmis. "Molecular Genetics of the Degradation of Dioxins by Bacteria." In Biodegradation of Dioxins and Furans, 75–123. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06068-1_4.

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Wittich, Rolf-Michael. "Aerobic Degradation by Bacteria of Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, Diphenyl Ethers and Their Halogenated Derivatives." In Biodegradation of Dioxins and Furans, 1–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06068-1_1.

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Parsons, John R., and Merel Toussaint. "Microbial Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans." In ACS Symposium Series, 176–89. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0772.ch013.

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Henman, T. J. "Characterisation of Oxidised Polyolefines by Reaction with Sulphur Dioxide." In Developments in Polymer Degradation—6, 107–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4940-9_4.

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DiMaria, D. J., D. Arnold, and E. Cartier. "Impact Ionization and Degradation in Silicon Dioxide Films on Silicon." In The Physics and Chemistry of SiO2 and the Si-SiO2 Interface 2, 429–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1588-7_47.

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Wang, Rong Guo, Wen Bo Liu, Fei Hu Zhang, Xiao Dong He, and H. Y. Li. "Dispersibility and Degradation Properties Characterization of Nano Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis Material." In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 565–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.565.

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Anwar, Hafeez, Iram Arif, Uswa Javeed, and Yasir Javed. "Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanohybrids as Photocatalysts for Removal and Degradation of Industrial Contaminants." In Nanohybrids in Environmental & Biomedical Applications, 255–78. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351256841-11.

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Wittich, R. M., H. Wilkes, K. Figge, W. Francke, and P. Fortnagel. "Bacterial Degradation of Dibenzo-P-Dioxin and Chlorinated Derivatives by the Bacterium Pseudomonas Spec. RW1." In Contaminated Soil ’90, 495–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_112.

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Hegyi, J., and O. Horváth. "Photocatalytic reduction of mercury(II) and simultaneous oxidative degradation of surfactants in titanium dioxide suspensions." In From Colloids to Nanotechnology, 10–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45119-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dioxins degradation"

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Liang, Wenjun, and Jin Zhao. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene over Titanium Dioxide Thin Film." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163187.

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Tkachev, Yuri, and James A. Walls. "Silicon dioxide degradation in strongly non-uniform electric field." In 2017 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iirw.2017.8361238.

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DI MARIA, D. J. "Degradation and Breakdown of Silicon Dioxide Films on Silicon." In 1993 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1993.a-3-1.

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Lepeytre, C., C. Lavaud, and G. Serve. "Photocatalytic and Photochemical Degradation of Liquid Waste Containing EDTA." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59144.

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The decontamination factor of liquid waste containing 60Co is generally weak. This is due to the presence of complexant molecules. For instance, complexation of EDTA with 60Co decreases efficiency of radioactive waste treatment. The aim of this study was to degrade EDTA in H2O and CO2 and to concentrate free 60Co in order to increase decontamination factor. A first test of radioactive waste treatment by photocatalysis was allowed to increase decontamination factor (60Co) from 16 to 196 with a device requiring to be improved. The present work concerns the first step of the degradation process development with a more powerful device. These first experiments were leaded to follow the only EDTA oxidation. EDTA degradation was carried out by the following Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP): UV/H2O2 (photochemistry); UV/TiO2 (photocatalysis); UV/TiO2/H2O2. A specific reactor was achieved for this study. The wavelength used was 254 nm (UVC). The photocatalytic degradation of EDTA was carried out with Degussa P-25 titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is a semiconductor photocatalyst. The degradation degree of EDTA and the intermediate products were monitored by TOC and ionic chromatography methods. The effects of various parameters such as pH and the quantity of H2O2 were studied. This allows us to conclude that basic pH slows down EDTA degradation. The study showed that UV/H2O2 process was the most effective treatment process under acid conditions. The rate of EDTA degradation was very high and reached 95% in 120 minutes. The presence of glyoxilic, oxalic, glycolic and formic acids was detected as degradation products. Among the intermediates produced by photochemistry, NO3− ions presence informed of the amine degradations. These results highlighted faster EDTA degradation by photochemistry than photocatalysis.
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Liu, Cheng, Wei Chen, Yu Sheng, and Lei Li. "Atrazine Degradation in Solar Irradiation/S-Doped Titanium Dioxide Treatment." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162423.

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"Degradation Of Silicon Dioxide Film Under High Electric Field Stress." In 2nd International Symposium on Plasma Process-Induced Damage. IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppid.1997.596760.

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"Photocatalytic Degradation of Naphthalene Using Tin Dioxide Nanomaterial under Visible Light." In Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118227.

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SCARATTI, G. S., and R. F. P. M. MOREIRA. "1,4-Dioxane degradation by catalytic heterogeneous oxidation with FeOOH, CeO2 and CuO." In XXII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/cobeq2018-pt.0099.

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Aytun, Cengiz, Cemil Serhat Akın, and Neşe Algan. "The Nexus between Environmental Degradation, Income and Energy Consumption in Emerging Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01679.

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Today, especially in developing countries, environmental pollution threatens human life. Environmental quality is one of the most important sources of human welfare. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the relationship between environmental degradation, income and energy consumption. The aim of this study is to investigate the nature of relationships among the carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth and energy consumption for emerging economies. For this purpose, Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis have been tested for 10 emerging economies for the years from 1980 to 2010. Data were brought together from the World Bank development indicators database. In order to test of Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis IPS panel unit root, Pedroni panel cointegration and FMOLS estimation methods are used. Results indicate that energy consumption has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Results indicate that energy consumption has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The findings also show that per capita GDP follows an inverted U-shape pattern associated with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. This situation validates the policies which assert that environmental pollution decreases with income growth.
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Samanta, P., and C. K. Sarkar. "A model to predict the degradation of silicon dioxide films in mos structures." In Twenty-Second National Radio Science Conference, 2005. NRSC 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nrsc.2005.193981.

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Reports on the topic "Dioxins degradation"

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Kimura, Mineo, Mitio Inokuti, Ken-ichi Kowari, M. A. Dillon, and A. Pagnamenta. Time-dependent aspects of electron degradation: 4, Subexcitation electrons in nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5336660.

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Zaharieva, Katerina, Irina Stambolova, Maria Shipochka, Sasho Vassilev, Vladimir Blaskov, Ljubomir Dimitrov, Ralitsa Mladenova, Diana Nihtianova, and Pavel Markov. Photocatalytic Performance of Phosphorus Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for Degradation of Reactive Black 5 Azo Dye. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.10.07.

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Wackett, Lawrence, Raphi Mandelbaum, and Michael Sadowsky. Bacterial Mineralization of Atrazine as a Model for Herbicide Biodegradation: Molecular and Applied Aspects. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695835.bard.

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Atrazine is a broadly used herbicide in agriculture and it was used here as a model to study the biodegradation of herbicides. The bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ADP metabolizes atrazine to carbon dioxide and ammonia and chloride. The genes encoding atrazine catabolism to cyanuric acid were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The genes were designated atzA, atzB and atzC. Each gene was sequenced. The enzyme activities were characterized. AtzA is atrazine chlorohydrolase which takes atrazine to hydroxyatrizine. AtzB is hydroxyatrazine N-ethylaminohydrolase which produces N-isopropylammelide and N-ethylamine. AtzC is N-isopropylammelide N-isopropylaminohydrolase which produces cyanuric acid and N-isopropylamine. Each product was isolated and characterized to confirm their identity by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Sequence analysis indicated that each of the hydrolytic enzymes AtzA, AtzB and AtzC share identity which the aminohydrolase protein superfamily. Atrazine chlorohydrolase was purified to homogeneity. It was shown to have a kcat of 11 s-1 and a KM of 150 uM. It was shown to require a metal ion, either Fe(II), Mn(II) or Co(II), for activity. The atzA, atzB and atzC genes were shown to reside on a broad-host range plasmid in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. Six other recently isolated atrazine-degrading bacteria obtained from Europe and the United States contained homologs to the atz genes identified in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. The identity of the sequences were very high, being greater than 98% in all pairwise comparisons. This indicates that many atrazine-degrading bacteria worldwide metabolize atrazine via a pathway that proceeds through hydroxyatrazine, a metabolite which is non-phytotoxic and non-toxic to mammals. Enzymes were immobilized and used for degradation of atrazine in aqueous phases. The in-depth understanding of the genomics and biochemistry of the atrazine mineralization pathway enabled us to study factors affecting the prevalence of atrazine degradation in various agricultural soils under conservative and new agricultural practices. Moreover, Pseudomonas sp. ADP and/or its enzymes were added to atrazine-contaminated soils, aquifers and industrial wastewater to increase the rate and extent of atrazine biodegradation above that of untreated environments. Our studies enhance the ability to control the fate of regularly introduced pesticides in agriculture, or to reduce the environmental impact of unintentional releases.
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Fitzpatrick, Rachael, and Helen West. Improving Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation to Cimate Change Through Education in Low- and Lower-middle Income Countries. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.083.

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Climate resilience is the ability to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to hazardous events, trends, or disturbances related to climate (C2ES, 2022). Mitigation focuses on reducing the human impacts contributing to climate change (Burton, 2007, cited in Rousell & Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, 2020). Adaptation is about increasing people’s adaptive capacity, reducing the vulnerability of communities and managing risks (Anderson, 2012). Anderson further defines adaptation as not just being able to adapt from one stable climate to another but having the skills to adapt to uncertainty and make informed decisions in a changing environment. While ‘climate change’ is the term used throughout these briefs, it should be read as a shorthand for a more inclusive approach, which also captures associated environmental degradation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned, in their latest report, that global surface temperatures will continue to increase until 2050 (IPCC, 2021, p. 17). This will take place regardless of human intervention to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The report also warns that the traditional technocratic approaches are insufficient to tackle the challenge of climate change, and that greater focus on the structural causes is needed. High- and upper-middle-income countries have been persistently shown to be the biggest contributors to the global carbon dioxide emissions, with lower income countries facing the most disruptive climate hazards, with Africa countries particularly vulnerable (CDP, 2020; IPCC, 2021). The vulnerability of low-income contexts exacerbates this risk, as there is often insufficient infrastructure and resources to ensure resilience to climate hazards (IPCC, 2021). For decades, advocates of climate change education have been highlighting the potential of education to help mitigate against climate change, and support adaptation efforts. However, implementation has been patchy, with inconsistent approaches and a lack of evidence to help determine the most effective way forward.This paper is divided into three sections, drawing together evidence on the key aspects of system reform,green and resilient infrastructure and Curriculum, pedagogy, assessment and teacher development.
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Securing Rights, Combatting Climate Change: How strengthening community forest rights mitigates climate change. Rights and Resources Initiative, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/chet6628.

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The international community agrees on the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. With 13 million hectares of forest cleared every year, such efforts are critical to curbing climate change before it reaches a dangerous tipping point. But we are missing a vital opportunity to combat climate change—strengthening the land and resource rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities whose well-being is tied to their forests. This publication analyzes the growing body of evidence linking community forest rights with healthier forests and lower carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It presents a compelling case for expanding and strengthening community forest rights based on evidence drawn from comparative studies, advanced quantitative research, case studies, and original deforestation and carbon analyses by the World Resources Institute. The findings center on examples from 14 forest-rich countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Together, these countries contain about 323 million hectares of government-recognized community forest —68 percent of the estimated total in all low- and middle-income countries—as well as large areas of community forests without legal or official recognition. Our analysis focuses on the links between legal community forest rights (or lack thereof), the extent of government protection of those rights, and forest outcomes.
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