Academic literature on the topic 'Dioscorea Spongiosa'

Species of the genus Dioscorea are widely distributed throughout the world. It is a resource used in different countries because theyproduce tubers that offer numerous benefits for human health due to their diosgenin content, a compound that is used as: anti-inflammatory, androgenic, estrogenic and in the preparation of contraceptive drugs; It is also mentioned that these compounds havecytotoxic, antitumor, antifungal, immunoregulatory, hypoglycemic and cardiovascular properties, they are also used for theprevention and treatment of degenerative diseases. Species such as Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea colletii,Dioscorea deltoidea, Dioscorea futschauensis, Dioscorea nipponica, Dioscorea panthaica, Dioscorea parviflora, Dioscoreapolygonoides, Dioscorea pseudojaponica, Dioscorea spongiosa, Dioscorea villosa, Dioscorea composita, Dioscorea zingiberensis,produce a higher concentration of diosgenin. The tubers and roots of this group are part of the oldest foods consumed by humans,given their high nutritional, ecological and economic level. In many tropical countries, the use of various tubers and roots of thegenus Dioscorea play a very important role as a main source of energy and essential nutrients at low cost, they are also used asfodder for livestock and a source of income. This plant are rich in starch, vitamins, minerals and lipids, and have the potential tofight hunger in third world countries. Currently there is little or no knowledge in Mexico on how to cultivate these species.

First chapter of the thesis describes the total synthesis of tetrahydropyran containing natural products, diospongin A, cryptopyranmoscatone B2, hydroxy δ-lactone containing natural product cryptofolione and macrolactone Sch 725674. Section A of this chapter deals with total synthesis of diospongin A 1, involving a vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction of the silyl enol ether 2 with the aldehyde 3. The natural product was synthesized in 5 linear steps from benzaldehyde with 13.2% overall yield (Scheme 1). Scheme 1: Total synthesis of diospongin A 1. Section B of this chapter, describes the total synthesis of cryptofolione 7, a δ-lactone containing a dihydroxy unit in the side chain. Enzymatic resolution of a β-hydroxy ketone 4 was utilized for the synthesis of aldehyde 6, which was further elaborated to access cryptofolione 7. The key reactions in the synthesis include base catalyzed isomerisation of aldehyde with DBU, Brown’s allylation and ring closing metathesis reaction (Scheme 2). Scheme 2: Total synthesis of cryptofolione 7. Section C of chapter 1 discloses the total synthesis of cryptopyaranmoscatone B2 (11), a natural product possessing a tetrahydropyran and δ-lactone units. Iron (III) chloride catalyzed cyclization of the diol 9 derived from commercially available lactol 8 furnished the tetrahydropyran is the key reaction in the synthesis (Scheme 3). Scheme 3: Stereoselective total synthesis of cryptopyranomoscatone B2 (11). . Section D of chapter 1 deals with the total synthesis of (+)-Sch 725674 (16) starting from known lactol 12 derived from 2-deoxy ribose. Addition of 4-pentenylmagnesium bromide to lactol 12 provided the diol 13. Elaboration of 13 with the acetate 14 by olefin cross metathesis and further transformations led to Sch 725674 (16) (Scheme 4). Scheme 4: Total synthesis of (+)-Sch 725674 (16). Chapter 2 of the thesis is concerned with the efforts towards the total synthesis of palmerolide C. During the course of present investigation, the putative structure of palmerolide C was revised. The efforts concerning the synthesis of putative and revised structures of palmerolide C 18 and 20 from tartaric acid and D-ribose is described (Scheme 5). Scheme 5: Towards the total synthesis of the proposed and revised structure of palmerolide C.