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Journal articles on the topic 'Diode laser sensor'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Alfianda, Alfianda, Muhammad Amin, and Risnawati Risnawati. "Perancangan Pengisian Pada Dispenser Dengan Memanfaatkan Sensor Dan Embedded System." J-Com (Journal of Computer) 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/j-com.v2i1.1246.

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Abstract: Nowadays, almost all of them use a dispenser, because of its practicality. But behind that there are several things that make the dispenser less efficient when taking drinking water from the glass, because the user has to press or turn the water tap in the dispenser. The working system of this tool is where the machine will run according to the commands obtained from the laser diode and the LDR sensor, the laser diode will reflect light that leads to the LDR. when the light reflected by the laser diode to the LDR is cut, it can be interpreted that the LDR and the laser diode detect or read the presence of an object in the form of a glass, automatically the two sensors instruct the controller to activate the water pump and the water pump will work to remove the water which will be filled in the glass that is placed in the dispenser with the volume of the glass used, the filling process and the end of filling will be displayed by the LCD and when filling the water the glass is full there will be a warning from the buzzer in the form of a sound. Users no longer need to press or turn the water tap when taking water from the dispenser using a glass. Keywords: Dispensers;LDR Sensor;Diode Laser and Tools Abstrak: Pada saat ini masyarakat sekarang sudah hampir semuanya menggunakan dispenser, karena kepraktisan. Namun dibalik itu semua ada beberapa hal yang membuat dispenser kurang efisien saat mengambil air minum pada gelas, karena pengguna harus menekan atau memutar keran air yang ada pada dispenser. Sistem kerja dari alat ini ialah dimana mesin akan berjalan sesuai dengan perintah yang didapat dari Dioda laser dan sensor LDR, Dioda laser akan memantulkan cahaya yang mengarah pada LDR, pada saat cahaya yang dipantulkan Dioda laser ke LDR terpotong maka dapat diartikan LDR dan Dioda laser mendeteksi atau membaca adanya benda berupa gelas, secara otomatis kedua sensor tersebut memerintahkan controller mengaktifkan pompa air dan pompa air akan bekerja mengeluarkan air yang akan diisikan pada gelas yang diletakkan pada dispenser dengan volume gelas yang digunakan, proses pengisian dan akhir pengisian akan ditampilkan oleh LCD dan saat pengisian air pada gelas penuh akan ada peringatan dari buzzer berupa bunyi. Pengguna tidak perlu lagi menekan atau memutar keran air saat mengambil air pada dispenser menggunakan gelas. Kata Kunci : Dispenser;Sensor LDR;Dioda Laser dan Alat

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2

Lu, Rong Jun, De Ming Shen, Qian Qian Du, Bao Zhen Huang, and Jian Shu Shi. "Tuning Characteristics of DFB Diode Laser and its Application to TDLAS Gas Sensor Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.173.

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Static and dynamic tuning characteristics of Distribute Feedback (DFB) diode lasers are investigated with practical laser devices. These characteristics are the basic guidelines for practical TDLAS sensors design. Static tuning characteristics help to select suitable diode lasers from limited available laser devices with specific wavelength and to set an appropriate working current and temperature. Dynamic tuning characteristics decide the sweep speed of current slope in both direct absorb Spectroscopy (DAS) and wavelength modulation Spectroscopy (WMS). Because of nonlinearity in the relation between wavelength and tuning current, the measured spectral line position should be corrected by the dynamic characteristics. For WMS, current tuning efficient and IM/AM (Intense modulation/Amplitude modulation) differential phase could be utilized to optimize laser modulation and harmonic components demodulation.

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3

El-Agmy, Reda M., and Najm M. Al-Hosiny. "Thermal analysis and CW laser operation at 1.998 µm in end pumped Tm:YAP lasers." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i4.938.

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We report on thermal analysis and a continuous wave (CW) laser operation at (1.998µm) of end pumped Tm: YAP cylindrical laser rod. The Tm: YAP laser rod is pumped at a wavelength of 1.064 µm emitting from Nd: YAG laser source. A 3W incident pump power is used to generate a maximum laser output of 700 mW, representing 18% slope efficiency. The power of thermally induced lens in Tm:YAP laser rod is numerically analyzed and validated experimentally. The focal lengths of the thermally induced lens are directly measured using Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We have detected blue up-conversion fluorescence emission before laser operation at 1.998 µm. The obtained experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical calculations. Full Text: PDF ReferencesI. F. Elder, J. Payne, "Diode-pumped, room-temperature Tm:YAP laser", Applied Optics 36 (33), 8606 (1997) CrossRef Y. Li, B. Yao, Y. Wang, Y. Ju, G. Zhao, Y. Zong, J. Xu, "High efficient diode-pumped Tm:YAP laser at room temperature", Chinese Opt. Lett. 5 (5), 286 (2007). DirectLink H. Ni, S. C. Rand, "Avalanche upconversion in Tm:YALO3", Opt. Lett. 16 (8), 1424 (1991). CrossRef Z. G. Wang, C. W. Song, Y. F. Li, Y. L. Ju, Y. Z. Wang, "CW and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:GdVO4 laser at room temperature", Laser Phys. Lett. 6 (2), 105 (2009). CrossRef Baoquan Yao, Yi Tian, Wei Wang, Gang Li, Yuezhu Wang, "Analysis and compensation of thermal lens effects in Tm:YAP lasers", Chinese Opt. Lett. 8 (10), 996 (2010). CrossRef F. Cornacchia, D. Parisi, C. Bernardini, M. Toncelli, "Efficient, diode-pumped Tm3+:BaY2F8 vibronic laser", Opt. Expr. 12 (9), 1982 (2004). CrossRef Xiaojin Cheng, Mi Fan, Jiandong Cao, Jianhua Shang, "Research on the thermal effect and laser resonator of diode-pumped thin-slab Tm:YAP lasers", Optik 176, 32 (2019). CrossRef W. Koechner, Solid-state Laser Engineering, Springer, (2013). DirectLink https://www.crytur.cz DirectLink http://www.laserlabcomponents.com/ DirectLink R. M. El-Agmy, N.AlHosiny, "2.31 [micro sign]m laser under up-conversion pumping at 1.064 [micro sign]m in Tm3+:ZBLAN fibre lasers", Elect. Lett. 46 (13), 936 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "870 mW blue laser emission at 480 nm in a large core thulium doped ZBLAN fiber laser", Laser Phys. 20 (4), 838 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "Power scaling of end-pumped Nd:YLF lasers, modeling and experiments", Optik 140, 584 (2017). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. Al-Hosiny, "Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm", Photonic sensors 7 (4), 329 (2017). CrossRef S. C. Tidwell, J. F. Seamans, M. S. Bowers, A. K. Cousins, "Scaling CW diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG lasers to high average powers", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 997 (1992). CrossRef P. J. Hardman, W. A. Clarkson, G. J. Friel, M. Pollnau, D. C. Hanna, "Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 35, 647 (1999). CrossRef

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4

Kato, Jun-ichi, Takahashi Mori, and Ichirou Yamaguchi. "Optical feedback displacement sensor using a laser diode." Optics & Laser Technology 24, no. 3 (June 1992): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(92)90108-e.

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5

Avetisov, Viacheslav, Ove Bjoroey, Junyang Wang, Peter Geiser, and Ketil Gorm Paulsen. "Hydrogen Sensor Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy." Sensors 19, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235313.

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A laser-based hydrogen (H2) sensor using wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) was developed for the contactless measurement of molecular hydrogen. The sensor uses a distributed feedback (DFB) laser to target the H2 quadrupole absorption line at 2121.8 nm. The H2 absorption line exhibited weak collisional broadening and strong collisional narrowing effects. Both effects were investigated by comparing measurements of the absorption linewidth with detailed models using different line profiles including collisional narrowing effects. The collisional broadening and narrowing parameters were determined for pure hydrogen as well as for hydrogen in nitrogen and air. The performance of the sensor was evaluated and the sensor applicability for H2 measurement in a range of 0–10 %v of H2 was demonstrated. A precision of 0.02 %v was achieved with 1 m of absorption pathlength (0.02 %v∙m) and 1 s of integration time. For the optimum averaging time of 20 s, precision of 0.005 %v∙m was achieved. A good linear relationship between H2 concentration and sensor response was observed. A simple and robust transmitter–receiver configuration of the sensor allows in situ installation in harsh industrial environments.

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6

Komoriya, Kiyoshi, and Kazuo Tani. "Development of a Laser Range Sensor for a Mobile Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 3, no. 5 (October 20, 1991): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1991.p0373.

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External sensors which can detect environmental information are important for a mobile robot to recognize its surroundings and location. Among external sensors, range sensors are fundamental because they can directly detect the free space in which the mobile robot can move without colliding with the surrounding objects. A laser range sensor provides good spatial resolution, and it is expected to detect characteristic parts of the environment used as landmarks for recognizing robot position. This paper presents the construction of a laser range sensor system which can be implemented in a small mobile robot. The system consists of several components including laser diode, CCD camera, and mark detection hardware. Based on triangulation method, the system can detect the distance to the object's surface on which the beam spot is directed. In order to detect a landmark, such as a wall edge, the sensor system is mounted on a rotary table. By horizontally scanning, the sensor can detect wall edges with an accuracy of approximately 5mm and an orientation accuracy of approximately 1 degree within 3m. This system has been installed in an indoor mobile robot and is used for autonomous navigation control along corridors.

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7

Kim, Chang Hyun, Tae Yong Choi, Ju Jang Lee, Jeong Suh, Kyoung Taik Park, and Hee Shin Kang. "Reconfigurable 3D Laser-Stripe Sensor for Welding Processes." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.691.

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This paper describes the development of a reconfigurable 3D profile measurement system for welding robot. The system consists of a PC based vision camera and a stripe-type laser diode. The total system is assembled into a compact module which can be attached to the endeffector of welding robots. Especially, the developed system is designed to operate at different working distances. For this purpose, the reconfigurable mechanism which adjusts the focal length and the relative position between the camera and the laser diode is devised. These two configurations are automatically changing, according to the current working distance. Most parts of image processing such as camera calibration, correction of distortion, and line extraction are implemented and running on the PC. After measuring the welding profile, the 3D shape of the parent metal is obtained and some useful features for robot manipulation are calculated.

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8

Vollmerhausen, Richard H. "Small Obstacle Avoidance Sensor." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/604538.

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This paper describes a laser ranging sensor that is suitable for applications like small unmanned aerial vehicles. The hardware consists of a diode emitter array and line-scan charge coupled devices. A structured-light technique measures ranges up to 30 meters for 64 field angles in a 90 degree field of view. Operation is eye safe, and the laser wavelength is not visible to night vision goggles. This paper describes a specific sensor design in order to illustrate performance for a given package size.

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9

Lee, Sanghoon, Dongkyu Lee, Pyung Choi, and Daejin Park. "Accuracy–Power Controllable LiDAR Sensor System with 3D Object Recognition for Autonomous Vehicle." Sensors 20, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195706.

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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors help autonomous vehicles detect the surrounding environment and the exact distance to an object’s position. Conventional LiDAR sensors require a certain amount of power consumption because they detect objects by transmitting lasers at a regular interval according to a horizontal angular resolution (HAR). However, because the LiDAR sensors, which continuously consume power inefficiently, have a fatal effect on autonomous and electric vehicles using battery power, power consumption efficiency needs to be improved. In this paper, we propose algorithms to improve the inefficient power consumption of conventional LiDAR sensors, and efficiently reduce power consumption in two ways: (a) controlling the HAR to vary the laser transmission period (TP) of a laser diode (LD) depending on the vehicle’s speed and (b) reducing the static power consumption using a sleep mode, depending on the surrounding environment. The proposed LiDAR sensor with the HAR control algorithm reduces the power consumption of the LD by 6.92% to 32.43% depending on the vehicle’s speed, compared to the maximum number of laser transmissions (Nx.max). The sleep mode with a surrounding environment-sensing algorithm reduces the power consumption by 61.09%. The algorithm of the proposed LiDAR sensor was tested on a commercial processor chip, and the integrated processor was designed as an IC using the Global Foundries 55 nm CMOS process.

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10

Choi, Kyoo Nam. "Distributed Intrusion Sensor Using DFB Laser with Optical Feedback and Saturable Absorber." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4848254.

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Characteristics of a distributed intrusion sensor using a coherent DFB laser diode with an external optical feedback and saturable absorber were experimentally investigated. The stimulus at a location of 2 km using a PZT transducer placed the location of a simulated intruder in Φ-OTDR trace after averaging 32 times. Field trials demonstrated the detection of a vehicle and a pedestrian crossing above the sensing line and a loop in a burial depth of 50 cm. This distributed intrusion sensor using a coherent DFB laser diode as the light source had the advantages of a simple structure and intruder detection capability at the underground burial location.

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11

Liang, Tiantian, Shunda Qiao, Xiaonan Liu, and Yufei Ma. "Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensing Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy with a 2.1 μm Diode Laser." Chemosensors 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10080321.

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As a new form of energy, hydrogen (H2) has clean and green features, and the detection of H2 has been a hot topic in recent years. However, the lack of suitable laser sources and the weak optical absorption of H2 limit the research concerning its detection. In this study, a continuous-wave distributed feedback (CW-DFB) diode laser was employed for sensing H2. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) was adopted as the detection technique. The strongest H2 absorption line, located at 4712.90 cm−1 (2121.83 nm, line strength: 3.19 × 10−26 cm−1/cm−2 × molec), was selected. We propose a H2-TDLAS sensor based on the wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technique and a Herriott multipass gas cell (HMPC) with an optical length of 10.13 m to achieve a sensitive detection. The WMS technique and second harmonic (2f) demodulation technique were utilized to suppress system noise and simplify the data processing. The 2f signal of the H2-TDLAS sensor, with respect to different H2 concentrations, was measured when the laser wavelength modulation depth was at the optimal value of 0.016 cm−1. The system’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimum detection limit (MDL) were improved from 248.02 and 0.40% to 509.55 and 0.20%, respectively, by applying Daubechies (DB) wavelet denoising, resulting in 10 vanishing moments. The Allan variance was calculated, and the optimum MDL of 522.02 ppm was obtained when the integration time of the system was 36 s.

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12

Gong, Ping, Jian Zhou, Zhixuan Er, Yu Ju, and Liang Xie. "Design and Analysis of a Single Humidity Sensor Based on TDLAS for Water Vapor and Heavy Oxygen Water Vapor Detection." Photonics 9, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9030175.

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In this paper, a single humidity sensor for water vapor and heavy oxygen water vapor detection is presented. The sensor is based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and thus has high sensitivity, good selectivity, and a short response time. A 1372 nm distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser is utilized as the light source, the wavelength tuning range of which covers the absorption lines of water vapor and heavy oxygen water vapor. A Herriott gas cell with 12 m optical length is designed for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement. The sensor can distinguish between water vapor and heavy oxygen water vapor effectively. The accuracy of water detection is within ±0.5% RH. The accuracy of heavy oxygen water vapor detection is within ±1.0% RH.

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13

You, Kun, Yu Jun Zhang, Li Ming Wang, Hong Bin Li, and Ying He. "Improving the Stability of Tunable Diode Laser Sensor for Natural Gas Leakage Monitoring." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.84.

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Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a method of using a tunable diode laser scanning one of absorption lines of trace gas, this technique has advantage of high sensitivity, fast response, multi-component and non-contact measurement. We had already developed a TDLAS sensor for monitoring natural gas leakage during the natural gas production and the process of gathering and transportation in the natural gas station, but in the practical application we found that the TDLAS sensor was influenced by visibility changes. In order to overcome this interference and improve sensor stability, we present an automatic control circuit to process photoelectric signal for eliminating interference of visibility changes. Long-term monitoring results show that the concentration of CH4 are regular and stable during the natural gas production and transmission, therefore the application of the automatic gain circuit improved the stability of the TDLAS sensor.

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14

Rakhmadi, Frida Agung, and Siti Rofikhoh. "DESIGN OF DETECTION DEVICE FOR CU CONTAMINATED WATER USING RED DIODA LASER AND PHOTODIODA SENSOR." Jurnal Neutrino 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/neu.v10i1.4317.

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<p class="abstrak">The research on making detection system of Cu contaminated water based on red diode laser and photodiode sensor has been done. The purpose of this research was to know the characteristic of photodiode sensor, to make and to test the detection system of Cu contaminated water based on red diode laser and photodiode sensor. This research was conducted in five phases: characterization of photodiode sensor, making data acquisition system, processing and analyzing of training sample data, making of the detection system, and implementation of detection system on test samples. The results of research showed that photodiode sensor used in this research has transfer function of V = 0,0156 * I + 1,1897 with relation of input-output was very strong (r = 0,989); sensitivity was 0,0156 volts / lux; repeatability was 98,31 %; and saturation for the light intensity >200 lux. Meanwhile, the success rate of detection system implementation on Cu contaminated water was 97,5 %.</p>

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15

Efimov, Mikhail E., Sergey A. Volkovskiy, Andrei V. Kulikov, and Vladimir E. Strigalev. "Composite Materials Monitoring by Fiber Optic Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 1147 (May 2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1147.5.

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The paper presents methods for testing the composite materials using two types of fiber-optic sensors as well as a method for using radiation of the vertical-cavity emitting laser radiation (VCSEL) for checking the material deformation and its performances. The deformation checking sensor is a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a spectrum width of 50 pm, which is interrogated by the VCSEL. A new algorithm for modulating the laser diode current is proposed for the FBG interrogation providing a dynamic range of at least 3 nm. A new interrogation method of impulse Fabry-Perot interferometer was proposed. The interrogation method was applied for a fiber-optic acoustic emission sensor manufacturing. The sensor was experimentally investigated by the impact of a 6 mm diameter steel ball and compared to a reference piezoelectric acoustic emission transducer.

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16

Wehe, S. D., D. S. Baer, and R. K. Hanson. "Diode Laser Sensor for Velocity Measurements in Hypervelocity Flows." AIAA Journal 37, no. 8 (August 1999): 1013–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.7565.

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17

Plantier, G., C. Bes, and T. Bosch. "Behavioral model of a self-mixing laser diode sensor." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 41, no. 9 (September 2005): 1157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2005.853364.

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18

Zaatar, Y., J. Bechara, A. Khoury, D. Zaouk, and J. P. Charles. "Diode laser sensor for process control and environmental monitoring." Applied Energy 65, no. 1-4 (April 2000): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(99)00090-2.

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19

Furlong, E. R., D. S. Baer, and R. K. Hanson. "Combustion control using a multiplexed diode-laser sensor system." Symposium (International) on Combustion 26, no. 2 (1996): 2851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80125-1.

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Wehe, S. D., D. S. Baer, and R. K. Hanson. "Diode-laser sensor for velocity measurements in hypervelocity flows." AIAA Journal 37 (January 1999): 1013–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.14280.

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21

Raoul, X., T. Bosch, G. Plantier, and N. Servagent. "A Double-Laser Diode Onboard Sensor for Velocity Measurements." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 53, no. 1 (February 2004): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2003.821483.

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22

IYOKI, Masato, Keizaburo KAWADA, Tetsuya SUZUKI, Yoshitada KATAGIRI, Shigeji HARA, and Kiyoshi ITAO. "Micromechanism Force Sensing Using Coupled Cavity Laser Diode Sensor." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 62, no. 602 (1996): 3879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.62.3879.

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23

Hanna, S. F., R. Barron-Jimenez, T. N. Anderson, R. P. Lucht, J. A. Caton, and T. Walther. "Diode-laser-based ultraviolet absorption sensor for nitric oxide." Applied Physics B 75, no. 1 (July 2002): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-002-0974-9.

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24

Setianto, Setianto, Liu K.M, and Aswad H.S. "Karakteristik dan Struktur Elektronik Bahan Semikoduktor ZnO-Quantum Dot (ZnO-QD)." TELKA - Telekomunikasi, Elektronika, Komputasi dan Kontrol 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2017): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/telka.v3i2.59.

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) merupakan bahan semikonduktor yang berupa senyawa inorganik. ZnO memiliki potensi aplikasi sebagai sensor cahaya, laser dioda, transistor film tipis transparan, dan LED (Light Emitting Diode). Celah energi pada ZnO dapat ditingkatkan dengan memperkecil ukuran partikel dan dikenal sebagai ZnO Quantum-Dot(ZnO-QD). Perhitungan celah energi ZnO-QD dengan variasi ukuran klaster ZnO dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode extended Hückel. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa semakin kecil ukuran klaster ZnO maka celah energi yang dihasilkan semakin besar.

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Setianto, Setianto, Liu K.M, and Aswad H.S. "Karakteristik dan Struktur Elektronik Bahan Semikoduktor ZnO-Quantum Dot (ZnO-QD)." TELKA - Telekomunikasi, Elektronika, Komputasi dan Kontrol 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2017): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/telka.v3n2.125-130.

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) merupakan bahan semikonduktor yang berupa senyawa inorganik. ZnO memiliki potensi aplikasi sebagai sensor cahaya, laser dioda, transistor film tipis transparan, dan LED (Light Emitting Diode). Celah energi pada ZnO dapat ditingkatkan dengan memperkecil ukuran partikel dan dikenal sebagai ZnO Quantum-Dot(ZnO-QD). Perhitungan celah energi ZnO-QD dengan variasi ukuran klaster ZnO dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode extended Hückel. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa semakin kecil ukuran klaster ZnO maka celah energi yang dihasilkan semakin besar.

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Pan, Yufeng, Lei Dong, Hongpeng Wu, Weiguang Ma, Lei Zhang, Wangbao Yin, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia, and Frank K. Tittel. "Cavity-enhanced photoacoustic sensor based on a whispering-gallery-mode diode laser." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 1905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1905-2019.

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Abstract. A cavity-enhanced photoacoustic (CEPA) sensor was developed based on an ultra-narrow linewidth whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) diode laser. A cavity-enhanced photoacoustic module (CEPAM) was designed to match the output beam from the WGM-diode laser, resulting in an increase in the excitation light power, which, in turn, significantly enhanced the photoacoustic signal amplitude. The results show that a signal gain factor of 166 was achieved, which is in excellent agreement with the power enhancement factor of 175 after considering the power transmissivity. The performance of the sensor was evaluated in terms of the detection sensitivity and linearity. A 1σ detection limit of 0.45 ppmV for C2H2 detection was obtained at atmospheric pressure with a 1 s averaging time.

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27

Gao, Yan Wei, Yu Jun Zhang, Dong Chen, Ying He, Kun You, Yi Zhou, Jian Guo Liu, and Wen Qing Liu. "Oxygen Sensor Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy with a Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.40.

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Oxygen plays a fundamental role in nature and industrial process, the fast on-line oxygen concentration detection is of great significance. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is capable high selective, high sensitive, non-intrusive, this technique exploits the diode laser tunable and narrow bandwidth characteristics, by selecting one absorption line of the target gas to avoid interference from other gas and realize oxygen concentration fast on-line detection. In this paper, we use vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) as the light source, adopting the wavelength modulation spectroscopy and the harmonic detection technology to measure the second harmonic signal and realize oxygen concentration fast on-line detection. The detection concentration range between 0.1% to 40% and detection accuracy is 0.1%.

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Prabowo, Briliant, Agnes Purwidyantri, and Kou-Chen Liu. "Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensor: A Review on Light Source Technology." Biosensors 8, no. 3 (August 26, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios8030080.

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The notion of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor research emerged more than eight decades ago from the first observed phenomena in 1902 until the first introduced principles for gas sensing and biosensing in 1983. The sensing platform has been hand-in-hand with the plethora of sensing technology advancement including nanostructuring, optical technology, fluidic technology, and light source technology, which contribute to substantial progress in SPR sensor evolution. Nevertheless, the commercial products of SPR sensors in the market still require high-cost investment, component, and operation, leading to unaffordability for their implementation in a low-cost point of care (PoC) or laboratories. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of SPR sensor development including the state of the art from a perspective of light source technology trends. Based on our review, the trend of SPR sensor configurations, as well as its methodology and optical designs are strongly influenced by the development of light source technology as a critical component. These simultaneously offer new underlying principles of SPR sensor towards miniaturization, portability, and disposability features. The low-cost solid-state light source technology, such as laser diode, light-emitting diode (LED), organic light emitting diode (OLED) and smartphone display have been reported as proof of concept for the future of low-cost SPR sensor platforms. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive overview, particularly for SPR sensor designers, including emerging engineers or experts in this field.

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Araki, Tsutomu, and Haruhiko Yoshida. "Optical Distance Meter Using a Pulsed Laser Diode and Fast Avalanche Photo Diodes for Measurements of Molten Steel Levels." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802362.

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An optical distance meter with a wide dynamic range, is proposed for measuring the level of molten steel in a steel mold. The meter operates by measuring the flight time of a short optical pulse that is propagated between the light source and the target. A pulsed laser diode with a fast rise time is utilized as a light source, and two avalanche photo-diodes are used as detectors. The optical distance meter performs at a measurement range and a standard deviation of the measurement error of 1 m and 1 mm for the black paper target, respectively. To test its reliability, the distance meter is used to monitor the level of molten steel during a continuous casting process. The results obtained were compared with those obtained using an eddy current sensor and a γ-ray sensor. The measurement range of the optical method is ten times those attained using other two sensors. Continuous monitoring of the steel level can be done from the initiation of the casting process with the proposed distance meter.

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Jing Chai, Jing Chai, Mingjiang Zhang Mingjiang Zhang, Yi Liu Yi Liu, Lan Li Lan Li, Weipeng Xu Weipeng Xu, and Yuncai Wang Yuncai Wang. "Distributed fiber temperature sensor using a laser diode modulated by a pseudo-random bit sequence." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 8 (2015): 080604–80607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.080604.

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31

Acho, Leonardo. "A Remote Sensing Scheme for Fault Diagnosis to Wind Turbines: An Academic Experimental Set-Up." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.205.

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Nowadays, remote sensing for structural fault examination to wind turbines is an important technological challenger. On the other hand, laser diodes represent a low-cost option to implement a remote vibrometer sensor by just using cheap analog electronics. Therefore, a recent electronic circuit along with a laser diode is conceived to detect faults on a winding structure due to vibrations mainly induced by the wind and its rotary parts with possible mechanical defects. The electronic parts consist of a sequence of bandpass filters and peak detector stages. Besides, an academic experimental platform is constructed to validate the performance of the proposed remote sensing scheme for fault diagnosis in wind turbine structures.

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32

Yatsenko, Vitaly, Sergii Kruchinin, and Petro Bidyuk. "Superconducting gravimeters based on advanced nanomaterials and quantum neural network." System research and information technologies, no. 3 (October 30, 2022): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2022.3.02.

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The paper is focused on a new concept of a cryogenic-optical sensor intended for use in the space industry, geodynamics, and fundamental experiments. The basis of the sensor is a magnetic suspension with a levitating test body, a high-precision optical recorder of mechanical coordinates of the levitating body, and a signal-processing system. A Michelson-type interferometer with a laser diode and a single-mode optical fiber was used to measure the test body's displacements. The coordination of the laser diode coherence length and the difference in the interferometer optical lengths of the arms made it possible to eliminate coherent noise caused by interference from spurious reflections. The minimum recorded shift of the test body was 0.1 nm. The design of the sensor and the mathematical model of the superconducting suspension dynamics are presented. The results of experimental studies of a magnetic suspension together with an optical interferometric displacement sensor having a subnanometer sensitivity are shown.

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33

Cai, Yindi, Yang Liu, Chang Li, and Zhixiang Wen. "Accuracy Improvement of a Miniature Laser Diode Interferometer by Compensating Nonlinear Errors and Active Stabilizing Laser Diode Wavelengths." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 6064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126064.

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A miniature laser diode interferometer (MLDI), which can be embedded in precision machines or measurement equipment as an on-line measurement sensor, is designed. A compact laser diode (LD) is adopted as the laser source of the MLDI. The measurement accuracy of the MLDI is affected by the nonlinear errors induced by the installation errors and manufacturing errors of the optical elements and the stability and accuracy of the LD wavelength. An arithmetic is applied to eliminate the nonlinear errors, and an error sensitivity analysis is conducted to enhance the understanding of which error components are more important or influence the measurement accuracy of the MLDI. An active wavelength stabilizer based on a compact laser wavelength meter is proposed to improve the stability of the LD wavelength. A group of experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods and the capabilities of the MLDI.

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34

Cheng, Gang, Yuan Cao, Kun Liu, Gongdong Zhu, Guishi Wang, and Xiaoming Gao. "Photoacoustic Measurement of Ethane with Near-Infrared DFB Diode Laser." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9765806.

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A compact resonant photoacoustic sensor based on a near-infrared distributed-feedback (DFB) diode laser was developed for detection of ethane (C2H6). A DFB laser emission at 5937.25 cm−1 with a power of ∼5 mW was used as an excitation light source for generating the photoacoustic signal. Wavelength modulation and second harmonic detection scheme were employed. Modulation frequency and modulation amplitude were optimized for getting optimum performance. Performance evaluation based on the linearity response of the PAS sensor system with respect to C2H6 concentration levels was performed, and a good linear dependence of the PAS signal on the C2H6 concentration was obtained. A minimum detectable concentration of 9 ppmv was achieved for detection of C2H6 with a lock-in time constant of 10 ms.

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35

Gierz, Łukasz, and Włodzimierz Keska. "The Application of Optoelectronic Elements to Control the Sowing Process." E3S Web of Conferences 132 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913201003.

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The article is an overview of scientific and patent literature as well as solutions available on the world market of electronic equipment for seed drills. Recently Dickey-John and Väderstad, which offers the SeedEye system, have been leading companies in this branch. Photoelectric sensors, which do not interfere with the seed flow, are often used to count seeds and control the correctness of sowing. The article describes and presents the results of simulation and laboratory tests of two original innovative concepts of a photoelectric sensor: 1 – with an infrared diode and a centrifugal seed stream concentrator, 2 - laser multi-reflection sensor

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36

Omar, Mohd Azwadi, Noran Azizan Cholan, Aminuddin Mohd, Mirsa Nurfarhan Mohd Azhan, Rahmat Talib, and Nor Hafizah Ngajikin. "Optical Temperature Sensor based on Sagnac Interferometer." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (November 30, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22073.

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Optical temperature sensors gain interest from the community recently due to their immunity to electromagnetic interference and ruggedness against chemical and mechanical disturbances as opposed to the conventional temperature sensors such as thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors. Optical temperature sensors come with many varieties and Sagnac interferometer is one of them. In this work, an all-fiber temperature sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed optical temperature utilizes Sagnac interferometer as the temperature head. The underlying mechanism for this sensor is based on the temperature dependence of a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) in the Sagnac interferometer. The PMF birefringence which is influenced by temperature affects the phase difference of two incoming lights that enter the Sagnac interferometer and this contributes to the shifting of the transmission spectrum. The input light for the sensor characterization is provided by a custom-made amplified spontaneous emission source which comprises of a tunable laser source, a 980 nm laser diode pump, a wavelength division multiplexing coupler and a 10 m long erbium-doped fiber. Experimental results indicate that the temperature does affect the PMF characteristic. As the temperature increases from 30°C to 45°C, the wavelength dip reduced from 1553.8 nm to 1536.78nm. This proposed optical temperature sensor has a sensitivity of-1.0345 nm/°C. The development of this optical temperature sensor is promising especially for the measurement in the harsh environment.

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37

Aba, La, Yusril Yusuf, Mitrayana, Dwi Siswanta, Junaidi, and Kuwat Triyana. "Sensitivity Improvement of Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) by Employing Doping of Bromocresol Green." Journal of Nanotechnology 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/864274.

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The aim of this research is to improve the sensitivity of ammonia gas sensor (hereafter referred to as sensor) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by employing the doping dye of bromocresol green (BCG). The doping process was carried out by mixing the BCG and the PEDOT:PSS in a solution with an optimum ratio of 1 : 1 in volume. The sensor was fabricated by using spin-coating technique followed by annealing process. For comparison, the BCG thin film and the PEDOT:PSS thin film were also deposited with the same method on glass substrates. For optical characterization, a red-light laser diode with a 650 nm wavelength was used as light source. Under illumination with the laser diode, the bare glass substrate and BCG film showed no absorption. The sensor exhibited linear response to ammonia gas for the range of 200 ppm to 800 ppm. It increased the sensitivity of sensor based on PEDOT:PSS with BCG doping being about twofold higher compared to that of without BCG doping. Furthermore, the response time and the recovery time of the sensor were found very fast. It suggests that the optical sensor based on BCG-doped PEDOT:PSS is promising for application as ammonia gas sensor.

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38

Liger, Vladimir, Vladimir Mironenko, Yury Kuritsyn, and Mikhail Bolshov. "Temperature Measurements by Wavelength Modulation Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy with Logarithmic Conversion and 1f Signal Detection." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020622.

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A new version of a sensor for temperature measurements in the case of strong laser intensity fluctuation was developed. It was based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) with wavelength modulation, logarithmic conversion of the absorption signal, and detection of the first harmonic of the modulation frequency. The efficiency of the technique was demonstrated under experimental conditions with excess multiplicative noise. Temperature was evaluated from the ratio of integrated absorbance of two lines of the water molecule with different lower energy levels. Two algorithms of data processing were tested, simultaneous fitting of two spectral ranges with selected absorption lines and independent fitting of two absorption lines profiles. The correctness of the gas temperature evaluation was verified by simultaneous measurements with a commercial thermocouple. An error in temperature evaluation of less than 40 at 1000 K was achieved even when processing a single scan of the diode lasers.

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39

Mihalcea, Radu M., Douglas S. Baer, and Ronald K. Hanson. "A diode-laser absorption sensor system for combustion emission measurements." Measurement Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/9/3/004.

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40

Richter, Dirk, David G. Lancaster, and Frank K. Tittel. "Development of an automated diode-laser-based multicomponent gas sensor." Applied Optics 39, no. 24 (August 20, 2000): 4444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.39.004444.

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41

Iseki, Takaya, Hideo Tai, and Kiyoshi Kimura. "A portable remote methane sensor using a tunable diode laser." Measurement Science and Technology 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2000): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/11/6/302.

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42

Kim, Hong-Seung, Jung-Min Park, Jin-Hyuk Ryu, Sung-Bok Kim, Chil-Min Kim, Young-Wan Choi, and Kwang-Ryong Oh. "Optical biochemical sensor based on half-circled microdisk laser diode." Optics Express 25, no. 21 (October 2, 2017): 24939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.024939.

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43

Silveira, J. P., and F. Grasdepot. "CH4 optical sensor using a 1.31 μm DFB laser diode." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 25, no. 1-3 (April 1995): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(95)85132-1.

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44

Gharavi, Mohammadreza, and Steven G. Buckley. "Single Diode Laser Sensor for Wide-Range H2O Temperature Measurements." Applied Spectroscopy 58, no. 4 (April 2004): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370204773580338.

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45

Ozanyan, K. B., T. L. Yeo, F. Hindle, N. R. J. Poolton, H. McCann, and K. L. Tan. "Fiber-Based UV Laser-Diode Fluorescence Sensor for Commercial Gasolines." IEEE Sensors Journal 4, no. 5 (October 2004): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2004.833507.

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46

Kamada, O. "Magnetic Field Optical Sensor with a Laser-Diode-Pumped Microchip Solid-State Laser." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 33, no. 6_2 (2009): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/msjmag.0908mc0007.

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47

Zhu, Fang Dong, Dong Sheng Zhang, Yong Xing Guo, and Li Tong Li. "Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Fiber Bragg Grating Vibration Sensing Demodulation System." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.636.

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A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing network for vibration measurement is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The light source of the described sensing technique is an erbium-doped fiber laser applying a 980-nm laser diode and a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter. The fiber laser has a 40nm tuning range, allowing many vibration sensors to be multiplexed on the same fiber. Reflected light wavelength shift of the FBG sensor caused by strain variation is converted to intensity deviation, which avoids a complex demodulation process. This sensing scheme can effectively increase the demodulation speed of sensing system up to 20 KHz. At least 20 FBGs can be multiplexed alone a fiber.

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48

Anh, Nguyen The, Pham Thanh Son, Nguyen Thuy Van, Hoang Thi Hong Cam, Ngo Quang Minh, Bui Huy, and Pham Van Hoi. "Determination of Wavelength Shift of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors by Tunable Single-mode Diode Laser." Communications in Physics 23, no. 1 (April 15, 2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/23/1/2613.

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We propose a novel principle of determination of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) wavelength shift which is impacted by a variation of physical parameters such as temperature, pressure and/or strain. In common case the wavelength shift of FBG was monitored by wavelength measurement using a high-cost spectrometer and a broad band light source. In our proposed technique the wavelength shift of FBG can be determined by change of lasing wavelength of distributed feedback laser (DFB-laser) due to the change of laser substrate temperature. The maximal opto-electrical intensity of photodetector would be obtained when the laser wavelength and FBG reflection wavelength are coincided. The FBG sensor prototype has shown excellent response for laser temperature change in the range of \(10^{\circ}C-50^{\circ}C\) with the ratio \(\Delta \lambda /\Delta T\) of the DFB laser is of 77.5 pm.K\(^{ - 1}\). Key features of the proposed technique are fabrication of low-cost FBG sensors for civil engineering.

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Pan, Yufeng, Lei Dong, Xukun Yin, and Hongpeng Wu. "Compact and Highly Sensitive NO2 Photoacoustic Sensor for Environmental Monitoring." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 7, 2020): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051201.

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A nitrogen dioxide (NO2) photoacoustic sensor for environmental monitoring was developed using a low-cost high-power laser diode emitting at 450 nm. A compact low-noise photoacoustic detection module was designed to reduce the sensor size and to suppress noise. A LabVIEW-based control system was employed for the sensor. The parameters of the sensor were studied in detail in terms of laser power and operating pressure. The linearity of the sensor response with laser power and NO2 concentration confirms that saturation does not occur. At atmospheric pressure, a 3σ detection limit of 250 ppt (part per trillion by volume) was achieved with a 1-s averaging time, which corresponds to the specific detectivity of 3.173 × 10−9 W cm−1 Hz−1/2. A 72 h outdoor continuous on-line monitoring of environmental NO2 was implemented to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the developed NO2 sensor.

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Yang, Shuhan, Shunda Qiao, Xiaonan Liu, and Yufei Ma. "Highly Sensitive Measurement of Oxygen Concentration Based on Reflector-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 5087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145087.

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Oxygen (O2) is a colorless and odorless substance, and is the most important gas in human life and industrial production. In this invited paper, a highly sensitive O2 sensor based on reflector-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is reported for the first time. A diode laser emitting at 760 nm was used as the excitation source. The diode laser beam was reflected by the adopted reflector to pass thorough the photoacoustic cell twice and further increase the optical absorption. With such enhanced absorption strategy, compared with the PAS system without the reflector, the reflector-enhanced O2-PAS sensor system had 1.85 times the signal improvement. The minimum detection limit (MDL) of such a reflector-enhanced O2-PAS sensor was experimentally determined to be 0.54%. The concentration response of this sensor was investigated when O2 with a different concentration was used. The obtained results showed it has an excellent linear concentration response. The system stability was analyzed by using Allan variance, which indicated that the MDL for such a reflector-enhanced O2-PAS sensor could be improved to 318 ppm when the integration time of this sensor system is 1560 s. Finally, the O2 concentration on the outside was continuously monitored for 24 h, indicated that this reflector-enhanced O2-PAS sensor system has an excellent measurement ability for actual applications in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and other fields.

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