Relevant bibliographies by topics / -dinitrotoluene (DNT)

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Academic literature on the topic '-dinitrotoluene (DNT)'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "-dinitrotoluene (DNT)"

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Nishino, Shirley F., George C. Paoli, and Jim C. Spain. "Aerobic Degradation of Dinitrotoluenes and Pathway for Bacterial Degradation of 2,6-Dinitrotoluene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 2139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.2139-2147.2000.

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ABSTRACT An oxidative pathway for the mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) by Burkholderia sp. strain DNT has been reported previously. We report here the isolation of additional strains with the ability to mineralize 2,4-DNT by the same pathway and the isolation and characterization of bacterial strains that mineralize 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) by a different pathway.Burkholderia cepacia strain JS850 andHydrogenophaga palleronii strain JS863 grew on 2,6-DNT as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The initial steps in the pathway for degradation of 2,6-DNT were determined by simultaneous induction, enzyme assays, and identification of metabolites through mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. 2,6-DNT was converted to 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol by a dioxygenation reaction accompanied by the release of nitrite. 3-Methyl-4-nitrocatechol was the substrate for extradiol ring cleavage yielding 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoic acid, which was converted to 2-hydroxy-5-nitropenta-2,4-dienoic acid. 2,4-DNT-degrading strains also converted 2,6-DNT to 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol but did not metabolize the 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol. Although 2,6-DNT prevented the degradation of 2,4-DNT by 2,4-DNT-degrading strains, the effect was not the result of inhibition of 2,4-DNT dioxygenase by 2,6-DNT or of 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol monooxygenase by 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol.
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Monti, Mariela R., Andrea M. Smania, Georgina Fabro, María E. Alvarez, and Carlos E. Argaraña. "Engineering Pseudomonas fluorescens for Biodegradation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (December 2005): 8864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.8864-8872.2005.

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ABSTRACT Using the genes encoding the 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation pathway enzymes, the nonpathogenic psychrotolerant rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 was genetically modified for degradation of this priority pollutant. First, a recombinant strain designated MP was constructed by conjugative transfer from Burkholderia sp. strain DNT of the pJS1 megaplasmid, which contains the dnt genes for 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation. This strain was able to grow on 2,4-dinitrotoluene as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy at levels equivalent to those of Burkholderia sp. strain DNT. Nevertheless, loss of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradative phenotype was observed for strains carrying pJS1. The introduction of dnt genes into the P.fluorescens ATCC 17400 chromosome, using a suicide chromosomal integration Tn5-based delivery plasmid system, generated a degrading strain that was stable for a long time, which was designated RE. This strain was able to use 2,4-dinitrotoluene as a sole nitrogen source and to completely degrade this compound as a cosubstrate. Furthermore, P. fluorescens RE, but not Burkholderia sp. strain DNT, was capable of degrading 2,4-dinitrotoluene at temperatures as low as 10°C. Finally, the presence of P. fluorescens RE in soils containing levels of 2,4-dinitrotoluene lethal to plants significantly decreased the toxic effects of this nitro compound on Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Using synthetic medium culture, P. fluorescens RE was found to be nontoxic for A.thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum, whereas under these conditions Burkholderia sp. strain DNT inhibited A.thaliana seed germination and was lethal to plants. These features reinforce the advantageous environmental robustness of P. fluorescens RE compared with Burkholderia sp. strain DNT.
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Aburto-Medina, Arturo, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Mohamed Taha, Andrew Bates, Leon Van Ieperen, and Andrew S. Ball. "The Impacts of Different Biological Treatments on the Transformation of Explosives Waste Contaminated Sludge." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164814.

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The dinitrotoluene isomers 2,4 and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) represent highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds used in explosive manufacturing and in commercial production of polyurethane foam. Bioremediation, the use of microbes to degrade residual DNT in industry wastewaters, represents a promising, low cost and environmentally friendly alternative technology to landfilling. In the present study, the effect of different bioremediation strategies on the degradation of DNT in a microcosm-based study was evaluated. Biostimulation of the indigenous microbial community with sulphur phosphate (2.3 g/kg sludge) enhanced DNT transformation (82% transformation, from 300 g/L at Day 0 to 55 g/L in week 6) compared to natural attenuation over the same period at 25 °C. The indigenous microbial activity was found to be capable of transforming the contaminant, with around 70% transformation of DNT occurring over the microcosm study. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that while the original bacterial community was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria (30%), the addition of sulphur phosphate significantly increased the abundance of Betaproteobacteria by the end of the biostimulation treatment, with the bacterial community dominated by Burkholderia (46%) followed by Rhodanobacter, Acidovorax and Pseudomonas. In summary, the results suggest biostimulation as a treatment choice for the remediation of dinitrotoluenes and explosives waste.
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Jeżewska, Anna, and Dorota Kondej. "Dinitrotoluene. Determination in workplace air." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy XXXVII, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8152.

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Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a yellow, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor. It may consist of 6 isomers, but only two (2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT) are of industrial importance. DNT can cause cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the determination mixture of DNT isomers in workplace air, which will allow to determine its concentration at the level of 0.033 mg/m3. The method consists in stopping the mixture of dinitrotoluene isomers contained in the air on the glass fiber and the silica gel, extraction with methanol and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The tests were carried out using a liquid chromatograph (HPLC) 1200 series from Agilent Technologies with a diode array detector (DAD). The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of the European Standard No. EN 482. The method allows the determination mixture of DNT isomers in the working environment air in the concentration range: 0.033 ÷ 0.66 mg/m3. The described method enables determination mixture of DNT isomers in the workplace air in the presence of: toluene-2,4-diamine, toluene-2,6-diamine, toluene-2,4-diyl diisocyanate, toluene-2,6-diyl diisocyanate and toluene. The method for determining dinitrotoluene has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.
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Johnson, Glenn R., Rakesh K. Jain, and Jim C. Spain. "Origins of the 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Pathway." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 15 (August 1, 2002): 4219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.15.4219-4232.2002.

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ABSTRACT The degradation of synthetic compounds requires bacteria to recruit and adapt enzymes from pathways for naturally occurring compounds. Previous work defined the steps in 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) metabolism through the ring fission reaction. The results presented here characterize subsequent steps in the pathway that yield the central metabolic intermediates pyruvate and propionyl coenzyme A (CoA). The genes encoding the degradative pathway were identified within a 27-kb region of DNA cloned from Burkholderia cepacia R34, a strain that grows using 2,4-DNT as a sole carbon, energy, and nitrogen source. Genes for the lower pathway in 2,4-DNT degradation were found downstream from dntD, the gene encoding the extradiol ring fission enzyme of the pathway. The region includes genes encoding a CoA-dependent methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (dntE), a putative NADH-dependent dehydrogenase (ORF13), and a bifunctional isomerase/hydrolase (dntG). Results from analysis of the gene sequence, reverse transcriptase PCR, and enzyme assays indicated that dntD dntE ORF13 dntG composes an operon that encodes the lower pathway. Additional genes that were uncovered encode the 2,4-DNT dioxygenase (dntAaAbAcAd), methylnitrocatechol monooxygenase (dntB), a putative LysR-type transcriptional (ORF12) regulator, an intradiol ring cleavage enzyme (ORF3), a maleylacetate reductase (ORF10), a complete ABC transport complex (ORF5 to ORF8), a putative methyl-accepting chemoreceptor protein (ORF11), and remnants from two transposable elements. Some of the additional gene products might play as-yet-undefined roles in 2,4-DNT degradation; others appear to remain from recruitment of the neighboring genes. The presence of the transposon remnants and vestigial genes suggests that the pathway for 2,4-DNT degradation evolved relatively recently because the extraneous elements have not been eliminated from the region.
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Quakenbush, A. B., and B. T. Pennington. "The Olin Dinitrotoluene (DNT) Process." Journal of Cellular Plastics 29, no. 5 (September 1993): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x9302900572.

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Jang, Hyun-Sook, Hyun-Seok Cho, David Uhrig, and Mu-Ping Nieh. "Insight into the interactions between pyrene and polystyrene for efficient quenching nitroaromatic explosives." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 47 (2017): 12466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc04288d.

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Polystyrene enhances the quenching efficiency of pyrene excimer fluorescence in the presence of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT)viathe photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the electron-rich Py/PS to the electron-deficient 2,4-DNT.
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Lent, Emily May, Lee C. B. Crouse, Michael J. Quinn, and Shannon M. Wallace. "Comparison of the Repeated Dose Toxicity of Isomers of Dinitrotoluene." International Journal of Toxicology 31, no. 2 (March 2012): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581811434645.

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Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a nitroaromatic explosive used in propellant mixtures and in the production of plastics. Isomers of DNT were administered daily via oral gavage to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 days to determine the subacute toxicity of individual isomers of DNT. The 3,5-DNT isomer was the most toxic isomer, inducing weight loss and mortality within 3 days. Cyanosis and anemia were observed for all isomers. Exposure to 2,4-, 2,6-, and 3,5-DNT resulted in decreased testes mass and degenerative histopathological changes. Increased splenic mass was observed for 2,4-, 2,6-, and 2,5-DNT. Extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen was noted for all isomers, while lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen was noted for all isomers except 2,5-DNT. Increased liver mass was observed for 2,3-DNT and 3,4-DNT. Hepatocellular lesions were observed for 2,6-DNT and 2,4-DNT. Neurotoxic effects were noted for 3,4-DNT, 2,4-DNT, and 3,5-DNT.
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Prante, Marc, Christian Ude, Miriam Große, Lukas Raddatz, Ulrich Krings, Gernot John, Shimshon Belkin, and Thomas Scheper. "A Portable Biosensor for 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Vapors." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 4247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124247.

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Buried explosive material, e.g., landmines, represent a severe issue for human safety all over the world. Most explosives consist of environmentally hazardous chemicals like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), carcinogenic 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and related compounds. Vapors leaking from buried landmines offer a detection marker for landmines, presenting an option to detect landmines without relying on metal detection. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT), an impurity and byproduct of common TNT synthesis, is a feasible detection marker since it is extremely volatile. We report on the construction of a wireless, handy and cost effective 2,4-dinitrotoluene biosensor combining recombinant bioluminescent bacterial cells and a compact, portable optical detection device. This biosensor could serve as a potential alternative to the current detection technique. The influence of temperature, oxygen and different immobilization procedures on bioluminescence were tested. Oxygen penetration depth in agarose gels was investigated, and showed that aeration with molecular oxygen is necessary to maintain bioluminescence activity at higher cell densities. Bioluminescence was low even at high cell densities and 2,4-DNT concentrations, hence optimization of different prototypes was carried out regarding radiation surface of the gels used for immobilization. These findings were applied to sensor construction, and 50 ppb gaseous 2,4-DNT was successfully detected.
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Chakraborty, Urmila, Gaurav Bhanjana, Jost Adam, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Gurpreet Kaur, Ganga Ram Chaudhary, and Ajeet Kaushik. "A flower-like ZnO–Ag2O nanocomposite for label and mediator free direct sensing of dinitrotoluene." RSC Advances 10, no. 46 (2020): 27764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02826f.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "-dinitrotoluene (DNT)"

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Gust, Kurt A., Bindu Nanduri, Arun Rawat, Mitchell S. Wilbanks, Choo Y. Ang, David R. Johnson, Ken Pendarvis, et al. "Systems toxicology identifies mechanistic impacts of 2-amino-4, 6-dinitrotoluene (2A-DNT) exposure in Northern Bobwhite." BioMed Central Ltd, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610284.

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BACKGROUND: A systems toxicology investigation comparing and integrating transcriptomic and proteomic results was conducted to develop holistic effects characterizations for the wildlife bird model, Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) dosed with the explosives degradation product 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A-DNT). A subchronic 60d toxicology bioassay was leveraged where both sexes were dosed via daily gavage with 0, 3, 14, or 30 mg/kg-d 2A-DNT. Effects on global transcript expression were investigated in liver and kidney tissue using custom microarrays for C. virginianus in both sexes at all doses, while effects on proteome expression were investigated in liver for both sexes and kidney in males, at 30 mg/kg-d. RESULTS: As expected, transcript expression was not directly indicative of protein expression in response to 2A-DNT. However, a high degree of correspondence was observed among gene and protein expression when investigating higher-order functional responses including statistically enriched gene networks and canonical pathways, especially when connected to toxicological outcomes of 2A-DNT exposure. Analysis of networks statistically enriched for both transcripts and proteins demonstrated common responses including inhibition of programmed cell death and arrest of cell cycle in liver tissues at 2A-DNT doses that caused liver necrosis and death in females. Additionally, both transcript and protein expression in liver tissue was indicative of induced phase I and II xenobiotic metabolism potentially as a mechanism to detoxify and excrete 2A-DNT. Nuclear signaling assays, transcript expression and protein expression each implicated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) nuclear signaling as a primary molecular target in the 2A-DNT exposure with significant downstream enrichment of PPAR-regulated pathways including lipid metabolic pathways and gluconeogenesis suggesting impaired bioenergetic potential. CONCLUSION: Although the differential expression of transcripts and proteins was largely unique, the consensus of functional pathways and gene networks enriched among transcriptomic and proteomic datasets provided the identification of many critical metabolic functions underlying 2A-DNT toxicity as well as impaired PPAR signaling, a key molecular initiating event known to be affected in di- and trinitrotoluene exposures.
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Nandan. "Bioremediation of nitro aromatic explosive contaminants 2,4,-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from water using selected biofuel crops and native microbes." Thesis, 2017. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7516.

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Book chapters on the topic "-dinitrotoluene (DNT)"

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Aburto-Medina, Arturo, Mohamed Taha, Esmaeil Shahsavari, and Andrew S. Ball. "Degradation of the Dinitrotoluene Isomers 2,4- and 2,6-DNT: Appraising the Role of Microorganisms." In Enhancing Cleanup of Environmental Pollutants, 5–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55426-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "-dinitrotoluene (DNT)"

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Emamian, Sepehr, Ali Eshkeiti, Binu B. Narakathu, Sai G. R. Avuthu, and Massood Z. Atashbar. "Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) using gravure printed surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS) flexible substrate." In 2014 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2014.6985189.

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Reports on the topic "-dinitrotoluene (DNT)"

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Nishino, Shirley F., and Jim C. Spain. Technology Status Review: Bioremediation of Dinitrotoluene (DNT). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480579.

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Rosencrance, Alan B., and Ernst E. Brueggemann. Experimental Method for Determination of the Rate of Evaporation of 2,4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada267533.

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Clausen, Jay, Richard Hark, Russ Harmon, John Plumer, Samuel Beal, and Meghan Bishop. A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43282.

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Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Together, we have been exploring the development and potential applications of a multisensor system consisting of XRF, Raman, and LIBS for environmental characterization with a focus on soils from military ranges. Handheld sensors offer the potential to substantially increase sample throughput through the elimination of transport of samples back to the laboratory and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Further, these technologies have the capability for extremely rapid analysis, on the order of tens of seconds or less. We have compared and evaluated results from the analysis of several hundred soil samples using conventional laboratory bench top inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for metals evaluation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Raman spectroscopy for detection and characterization of energetic materials against handheld XRF, LIBS, and Raman analyzers. The soil samples contained antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc as well as energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), nitroglycerine (NG), and dinitrotoluene isomers (DNT). Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the handheld field sensor technologies were compared against conventional laboratory instrumentation to determine their suitability for field characterization leading to decisional outcomes.
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NIOSH skin notation (SK) profile: dinitrotoluene [CAS No. 25321-14-6]; 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) [CAS No. 121-14-2]; 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) [CAS No. 606-20-2]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2011138.

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Current intelligence bulletin 44 - dinitrotoluenes (DNT). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub85109.

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