Journal articles: 'Digital trade'

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Grier, David Alan. "Digital Trade." Computer 50, no. 3 (March 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2017.90.

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Dongchul Kwak and 안덕근. "Digital Trade in Analogue Regime - Digital Trade Liberalization and Role of Trade Agreements." International Trade Law ll, no. 131 (October 2016): 51–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36514/itl.2016..131.003.

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MELTZER, JOSHUA P. "Governing Digital Trade." World Trade Review 18, S1 (April 2019): S23—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745618000502.

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AbstractAs global data flows and digital technologies transform international trade, governments and regulators have to determine how to benefit from these developments while maintaining the integrity of their domestic regulations. Currently, governments are increasingly restricting global data flows and requiring data localization, undermining the economic benefits of digital trade. To address this trend will require a system of digital trade governance that has two key elements. One element is new digital trade rules, some of which exist in the WTO and others which are being developed in free trade agreements. The other is international regulatory cooperation to develop standards and mutual recognition agreements in areas such as privacy and consumer protection that gives domestic regulators confidence that allowing data to leave their jurisdiction will not undermine achievement of domestic regulatory goals. In the absence of such regulatory cooperation, governments are likely to continue to restrict data flows, relying on the exceptions provisions to their digital trade commitments.

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Panasenko, Svetlana Viktorovna. "Blockchain in Trade in the Digital Economy." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 10, 2021): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2123.

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Nathoo, Rosemina. "Multi-level Negotiations on Digital Trade Policy." Trade policy 1, no. 144 (2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2499-9415-2018-4-16-11-18.

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Gao, Henry. "Regulation of Digital Trade in US Free Trade Agreements: From Trade Regulation to Digital Regulation." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 45, Issue 1 (February 1, 2018): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2018003.

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This article reviews the evolution of rules on digital trade in US Free Trade Agreements (US FTAs), and argues that the US approach has shifted from treating it largely as a traditional trade issue to recognizing its unique digital nature and tailoring the rules accordingly, as it has done in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement. The article begins with a review of the efforts to regulate e-commerce in the WTO, as well as the achievements of the pre-TPP US FTAs so far, followed by a critical appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of the e-commerce chapter in the TPP. It is hoped that, by reviewing the evolution of the regulation of e-commerce from theWTOto the TPP, we can learn some lessons on how the rules are being shaped, as well as how they might evolve in the future.

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Ellana, MOLCHANOVA, and KOVTONIUK Kateryna. "MODELS OF DIGITAL TRADE." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 115, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2021(115)04.

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Burri, Mira, and Rodrigo Polanco. "Digital Trade Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements: Introducing a New Dataset." Journal of International Economic Law 23, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 187–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz044.

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ABSTRACT The article introduces a new dataset that seeks to comprehensively trace developments in the area of digital trade governance. The TAPED (Trade Agreements Provisions on Electronic-Commerce and Data) dataset includes a detailed mapping and coding of all preferential trade agreements that cover chapters, provisions, annexes, and side documents that directly or indirectly regulate digital trade. This article presents the methodology behind TAPED and provides an overview of the evolution of digital trade provisions in preferential trade agreements, highlighting also some emerging trends. It then takes a look at the substance of selected rules found particularly in electronic commerce chapters and maps the diversity of approaches in tackling issues meant to facilitate online trade, such as the customs duty moratorium on electronic transactions or paperless trading, and discusses the very recent rule-making with regard to cross-border data flows. This is of course merely a glimpse of the wealth of information that TAPED provides, and the goal of this article is simply to uncover the great variety and the complexity of the norms found in the preferential trade agreements on digital trade governance, which reveals the value of the dataset.

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Daniltsev, Alexander. "Risks and Challenges to Trade Within Digital Economy." Trade policy 1, no. 144 (2018): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2499-9415-2018-4-16-125-131.

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Azmeh, Shamel, Christopher Foster, and Jaime Echavarri. "The International Trade Regime and the Quest for Free Digital Trade." International Studies Review 22, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viz033.

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Abstract The global economy is experiencing the digitalization of production, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. The internet and cross-border data flows are becoming important channels of trade as more products are traded through the web or integrate features that rely on digital connectivity. Reflecting the autonomy states have to enact such policies, national variations in internet governance have expanded over the previous decade, with states increasingly looking to use internet and data policies for economic and trade objectives. These dynamics are having important implications on the international trade regime through challenging existing trade rules and creating demands for new rules. This has resulted in growing debates in the trade arena around “digital trade,” as a number of states, led by the United States, push for rules as a way to discipline national internet policies and support trade in digital goods and services. This paper examines the political economy of this campaign. We argue that the objectives of this campaign go beyond updating rules to better fit the “Internet age” into achieving further liberalization of trade in goods and services. We highlight the technological contingency of existing international rules and show how technological shifts have been a driver of competitive regime creation and forum shifting contributing to processes of fragmentation of the international trade regime.

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Gao, Henry. "Digital or Trade? The Contrasting Approaches of China and US to Digital Trade." Journal of International Economic Law 21, no. 2 (May 16, 2018): 297–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgy015.

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Robbins, Mark. "Internet, Industry and International Trade: Digital Tradability in Services." Journal of World Trade 52, Issue 2 (April 1, 2018): 229–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2018011.

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Rising use of digital technologies in the service sector is altering the rules of economic governance and of international trade. Theories of economic development and political economy, such as world-systems theory and Petty’s Law, are being contested by the digital revolution. As technological advances bypass old theory, the service sector is locating globally, with decreasing regard for geography and the assumptions of the old international economic order. This presents new challenges for a legal, commercial and international trade norms and system, which are designed to facilitate tangible cross-border commerce. Old theories of political economy must be revisited to account for the rise of digitally traded services and some, like Petty’s Law, may not survive emergent conditions. The services trade itself is inadequately considered in official government policy, and by international organizations seeking to promote trade, investment and greater cooperation. This work critically evaluates the policy initiatives of major players in trade in light of these trends in the digital economy. While economic institutions claim to advocate policies that are up to date with the new reality of trade, their approaches are still grounded in the superseded economic theories of the twentieth century.

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Belyaev, Mikhail K. "Digital Metamorphoses of International Trade." Problemy natsional'noi strategii, no. 2 (2021): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52311/2079-3359_2021_2_85.

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Ellana, MOLCHANOVA, and KOVTONIUK Kateryna. "DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF WORLD TRADE." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 119, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2021(119)05.

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Background. Thanks to theconstant digitalization of modern life, consumers from almost all countries now receive income from the benefits of online transactions. As the Internet spreads rapidly around the world, the number of customers using digital technologies is growing every year. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on digital commerce and online consumer behavioraround the world. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the transformation of online and offline trade remains unnoticed by leading researchers around the world. The aim is to identify current trends in the process of digitalization of world trade. Materials and methods. The main research methods are logical, analytical, graphical, tabular, and statistical. Results. The transformation of world trade has accelerated in the development of the process of digitalization of the world economy. Despite the slowdown in the growth of digital trade, there is an increase in the number of buyers and, consequently, sales. The development and application of information and communication technologies has determined the leading positions of countries in terms of foreign exchange earnings. China, the United States, Great Britain and Japan hold the undisputed championship. The other six countries, included in the TOP-10, are constantly changing, which is characterized by increased competition in this area. Conclusion. The rapid development of digital trade is due to the use of quality infrastructure that supports computer networks. Exogenous factors that will affect the competitive position of leading countries in the field of retail are the level of development of online trade, the rate of vaccination against COVID-19, modification of coronavirus infection and subsequent outbreaks of this disease, which will lead to further quarantine measures. In addition, increasing competition from developing countries should be noted. Thus, in response to exogenous changes, endogenous changes will primarily take place in the companies of the leading countries, which will be related to changes in supply chains, where the main focus will be on sustainability, excessiveness and diversification of products. Smaller retailers will continue to focus on speed and cost of delivery. It is obvious that digital trade has an inexhaustible potential of opportunities for enterprising entrepreneurs.

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KWON, Hyunho. "Digital Trade and International Law." Institute of Legal Myongji University 20, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 32–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53066/mlr.2022.20.2.32.

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KWON, Hyunho. "Digital Trade and International Law." Institute of Legal Myongji University 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53066/mlr.2022.20.2.31.

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Banerjee, Subhanil, Prithvish Bose, and Imran Nadeem Siddiqui. "Digital Dynamics and International Trade." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.297849.

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The digital duo of the Internet and Mobile brought a sea change in production mode, economic, and market structure along with trade. A world where there are no time and space-bound eased business and commerce by extending the time of operation and eliminating the geographical boundary that led to a boost in worldwide trade. Here, the impressive performance of the South and Southeast Asia regarding e-commerce earns a special mention. At this context the present article considers 18 countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam) belonging to South and South-East Asia along with China for six years (2009-2014) and opts for a panel data analysis to determine the impact of digitalization on International Trade. The findings point to the fact that digitalization has a positive and statistically significant impact on trade volume.

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Ivljanin, Ivan. "DIGITAL CURRENCY IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE." Revizor 25, no. 99 (November 19, 2022): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.56362/rev2299089i.

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What led to the meteoric growth and popularity of cryptocurrencies, primarily Bitcoin? What concepts preceded the development of modern cryptocurrencies? What is blockchain and what is the architecture of different distributed public ledgers? What is the use value of digital money in everyday transactions and what is the use value in international trade exchange? This paper tries to answer the above questions and decipher the highly complex technical jargon that usually accompanies the topic of digital money.

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Rourke, Phil. "Influence of Digital Technologies in Trade on Economic Development." Trade policy 1, no. 144 (2018): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2499-9415-2018-4-16-132-138.

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Sohn, Kiyoun. "Analysis of the Digital Trade Agreements among Several APEC Member Countries." APEC Studies Association of Korea 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52595/jas.14.2.1.

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We analyze a variety of digital trade agreements with a view to exploring a useful guidance to clarify and improve the agreements. After examining the key features of the agreements, we compare them in two aspects, market access and policy cooperation. While the market access issues include the cross-border transfer of information by electronic means, the location of computing facilities, no imposition of customs duties on electronic transmissions and the express shipments, the policy cooperation issues do cooperation on standard and conformity assessment for digital trade, FinTech cooperation, and competition policy cooperation. Next, after evaluating the digital trade agreements, we find the need for reasonable definitions of critical terms such as digital trade and digital service. Also we suggest how to clarify and improve the scope of digital product and their relationship with the relevant WTO agreements, primarily GATS. Finally, we conclude with future issues such as the role of APEC, the interconnection between digital trade and trade in services, Korea’s strategies for future digital trade agreements, and the multilateral negotiations on digital trade at several international organizations such as WTO and OECD.

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Geng, Changjun. "CURRENT STATE, TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF CHINA’S DIGITAL TRADE." International Trade and Trade Policy 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2021-2-62-79.

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The digitalization of economy has a significant impact on the economic sector and on other activities. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the digitalization of the economy in China, primarily in such an area as digital trade. China's digital trade has grown steadily in recent years, and its share in China's trade has also increased. This article proposes the term “digital trade” and presents its characteristics. Analyze the state of the China’s digital trade, the features and main trends in the development of digital trade in goods and services. In addition, put forward current problems in the development of digital trade in China. It is concluded that digital trade in China as a whole has a positive trend, but in the future, instead of digital trade in goods, digital trade in services will become a major driving force of China's digital trade. With the development of cloud computing, cloud outsourcing and offshore services will become a new sector of digital services trade in the coming years. It was noted that China's digital trade is a driver for innovative trade growth and has an active impact on China's trade and economic activity.

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CHEN, Lin, and Zini CHEN. "Analysis on the scale measurement of the Sino-German digital trade and China's strategy." Theory and Practice of Social Science 3, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6914/tpss.202108_3(3).0003.

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As a new type of trade trend, digital trade has been triggering profound changes in global production chains, supply chains, and value chains. As two major economies, the analysis on the development scale of digital trade between China and Germany is not only conducive to promoting the cooperation of digital trade between the two countries but also conducive to promoting the high-quality development of China's digital trade. Based on the OECD-WTO conceptual framework and indicator system, this article uses the e-commerce data of cross-border goods and the data of digital service trade to measure the scale of "digitally-ordered trade—digitally-delivered trade" between China and Germany. This article also analyzes the development of digital trade between Germany and China, draws on the advantages of Germany's digital trade , and puts forward countermeasures for China's digital trade development based on the development trend of global digital trade.

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Kwak, Dongchul. "A Study on the Formation of Global Digital Trade Rules and the Role of Asia-Pacific Regional Trade Agreements Using TAPED." Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2022.24.2.219.

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As digital trade negotiations have been stalemated at the multilateral level, major countries started to utilize regional trade agreements to establish new and innovative trade rules in the digital era. Using ‘Trade Agreements Provisions on Electronic-commerce and Data (TAPED)’, this paper finds out that the Asia-Pacific (AP) region plays a positive and leading role in shaping global digital trade rules. In each five categories, such as ‘General and Dispute Settlement’, ‘Digital Trade Facilitation’, ‘Digital Trade Regulatory Frameworks and Digital Trust Policies’, ‘Reducing Digital Trade Barriers’, ‘Innovative Technology, Digital Development and Inclusion, and Institutional Coordination’, AP regional trade agreements contain more diverse rules and superior in quantity to American or European ones. The AP region, which was marginalized in the process of shaping traditional trade rules, now leads global negotiations on the new trade agenda. To see a new global trade regime in the digital era, it is crucial to keep a close eye on Asia-Pacific.

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Lipton, Alex, Thomas Hardjono, and Alex Pentland. "Digital trade coin: towards a more stable digital currency." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 7 (July 2018): 180155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180155.

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We study the evolution of ideas related to creation of asset-backed currencies over the last 200 years and argue that recent developments related to distributed ledger technologies and blockchains give asset-backed currencies a new lease of life. We propose a practical mechanism combining novel technological breakthroughs with well-established hedging techniques for building an asset-backed transactional oriented cryptocurrency, which we call the digital trade coin (DTC). We show that in its mature state, the DTC can serve as a much-needed counterpoint to fiat reserve currencies of today.

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Chen, Zhaoyong, Jiantian Lin, Junhai Li, and Zhao Chen. "Digital Trade: Definition, Measurement and Development." Scientific and Social Research 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v4i1.1320.

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As a result of economic globalization and advancements in digital technology, digital trade is rapidly developing. To begin, this paper examines several perspectives on the definition of digital trade. The paper then goes through the characteristics of digital trade development from four different perspectives: the input of production factors, improvement of production scale, consumer products supply, and trading platform upgrade. This paper also demonstrates the digital trade measuring approach and examines the issues with the measurement method. Despite the fact that the development of digital trade will face challenges such as impediments to digital trade, it is an essential study topic due to the enormous advantages it may provide. Finally, we summarize and prospect the digital trade.

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Li, Boning, and Su Zhang. "Research on the development path of China's digital trade under the background of the digital economy." Journal of Internet and Digital Economics 2, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jide-10-2021-0010.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how the development of digital trade can provide new development prospects to China's foreign trade under the background of the gradual expansion of China's digital economy and the further release of policy dividends.Design/methodology/approachUsing the methods of literature collection and induction, combined with traditional trade theory, this paper analyzes the characteristics and challenges of digital trade under the background of the digital economy.FindingsThe findings reveal that China's digital trade development still faces some risks, such as the containment of China's core technology, digital security and unbalanced development among regions. Considering these risks, China should break through core technical problem, participate in the formulation of international rules to ensure data security, give priority to the development of service trade and improve the unbalanced development of digital trade.Social implicationsBy analyzing the development status and characteristics of the digital economy and digital trade, this paper summarizes the challenges and comparative advantages faced by China's digital trade, and puts forward corresponding suggestions. These suggestions will allow China to take advantage of its rapid digital economy development and occupy a leading position in global digital trade.Originality/valueThis paper creatively expounds on the new development direction of digital trade from the perspective of comparative advantage and risks, and provides some suggestions to expedite China's digital trade development.

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Zhang, Xiying, and Yihuan Wang. "Research on the Influence of Digital Technology and Policy Restrictions on the Development of Digital Service Trade." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 10420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610420.

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Due to economic globalization and the progress of digital technology, digital service trade develops rapidly, but it also faces challenges such as digital trade policy barriers, and gradually attracts the attention of all countries in the world. Based on panel data of 40 countries or regions from 2014 to 2020, this study empirically analyzed the moderating effects of digital technology and policy restrictions on digital service trade and the moderating effects of policy restrictions on the relationship between digital service trade and the other two by using a double fixed effect model. The results show that: first, the improvement of digital technology level enhances the scale of digital service trade import and export significantly; Secondly, the higher the degree of policy restriction is, the more significant the development of digital service trade will be inhibited, and according to the heterogeneity of import and export scale, the more significant the restriction is only on export. Third, restriction policy has a significant positive moderating effect on the positive relationship between digital technology and digital service trade, and only supports emerging economies according to the heterogeneity of countries. Therefore, China should strengthen its own digital technology construction, reduce the difference between China and its trading partners in digital service trade restriction policies, and actively participate in the construction of a digital service trade governance system under a multilateral cooperation mechanism, so as to promote the vigorous development of digital service trade.

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Zhang, Bei. "Behavioral Analysis in International Business Negotiations Based on the Bargaining Model of Game Theory." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (December 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5911347.

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In the process of global digital trade rules negotiation, game and cooperation coexist, and all parties are actively seeking cooperative relationship while negotiating game. Against this background, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the negotiation process of global digital trade rules and analyzes the core issues of the negotiations and their implied political game. This paper firstly compares the core issues of global digital trade rules negotiations at multilateral and regional levels and quantitatively reflects the weighting relationship between core issues and keywords by means of a dynamic thematic model. In order to judge the potential partnership of each country, this paper constructs a theoretical model of partner selection for global digital trade rules negotiation from the perspective of political game and uses the data of 62 major digital trade countries for empirical testing. Compared with traditional trade agreements, the consensus reached in digital trade negotiations is less influenced by traditional economic geography factors and more influenced by the level of digital trade restrictions and political distance. When signing digital trade terms, a country tends to choose countries with similar levels of digital trade restrictions and high political similarity as partners. Financial restrictions and trade restrictions are the most important digital trade restriction factors that countries pay attention to when negotiating, and political stability is the most important political factor that countries pay attention to when negotiating. Compared with developed countries, developing countries pay more attention to market size, cultural differences, and digital infrastructure when negotiating. The formulation of global digital trade rules may follow a reconstructive path from bilateral to regional to multilateral, promoting regional digital trade rule systems at this stage and gradually expanding the scope of negotiations to the multilateral level.

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Galitsin, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Demyanenko, and Oleg Kaminsky. "Digital transformation system analysis crossborder trade." Modeling and Information Systems in Economics, no. 97 (February 25, 2019): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33111/mise.97.7.

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Zvereva, A. O., and E. Yu Deputatova. "Trade Service Transformation in Digital Economy." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (August 29, 2019): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2019-4-156-163.

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Hooton, Christopher. "Patterns in International Digital Trade Flows." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies 14, no. 1 (2019): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2324-755x/cgp/v14i01/37-54.

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Harrower, Michael J., and Ioana A. Dumitru. "Digital maps illuminate ancient trade routes." Nature 543, no. 7644 (March 2017): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/543188a.

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Primachev, N. T., and S. Yu Stachov. "DIGITAL ECONOMY OF AUTONOMOUS TRADE SHIPPING." Development of Management and Entrepreneurship Methods on Transport (ONMU), no. 2 (2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/2226-1915-2018-2-7-15.

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Sako, Mari. "Free trade in a digital world." Communications of the ACM 62, no. 4 (March 20, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313138.

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Saxby, S. "Trade marks in the digital age." Computer Law & Security Review 22, no. 4 (January 2006): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2005.12.005.

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NEERAJ, R. S. "Trade Rules for the Digital Economy: Charting New Waters at the WTO." World Trade Review 18, S1 (January 25, 2019): S121—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745618000423.

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AbstractThis Article attempts to explore the challenges in situating a multilateral digital trade agreement within the legal framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Section 1 of the article discusses the broad challenges that digitization poses for the international legal framework for trade regulation. I argue first that the traditional classification of products into goods and services under the WTO system is structurally incompatible with the digital economy. I also argue that striking the appropriate balance between trade liberalization and the pursuit of legitimate public policy objectives in a digital trade agreement will be uniquely challenging because certain features that are intrinsic to the digital industry and business strategies of established players in the digital market raise serious anticompetition challenges. A multilateral agreement regulating digital trade needs to acknowledge and address these challenges. Section 2 surveys the efforts that have been undertaken to regulate digital trade as manifested in the WTO Work Program on Electronic Commerce. Acknowledging that the digital trade agenda of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement could be used as a benchmark for discussions on e-commerce at the WTO, I argue that future negotiations for a multilateral digital trade policy will not benefit from using the TPP's digital trade agenda as a benchmark. The TPP does not reconcile systemic tensions between the digital economy and the extant WTO system or address the anticompetition challenges that are unique to the digital ecosystem.

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Dong, Jingfei, and Xinpeng Xu. "Research on the Path of Digital Economy Promoting Export Trade under the Background of High-quality Development." Economics, Law and Policy 5, no. 2 (November 19, 2022): p17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v5n2p17.

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Digital economy is an economic form based on information. It focuses on the role of value chain and industrial chain in many factors affecting the high-quality development of export trade. At the same time, based on the main characteristics of the digital economy, the paper analyzes the mechanism of the digital economy on the high-quality development of export trade, and the role of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization is more obvious. At this stage, if China wants to promote the high-quality development of export trade, it should promote the development of digital industrialization and stimulate the innovation ability of foreign trade enterprises. Improve the digitalization level of export trade industry and create a sound ecology for the development of international trade; Improve the basic services of the digital economy and expand the development space of export trade; Build a good development environment for export trade with the help of digital economy; Promote the diversification of export trade products, the diversification of main bodies, and the development of low-carbon.

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Micallef, Jan A. "Digital Trade in EU FTAs: Are EU FTAs Allowing Cross Border Digital Trade to Reach Its Full Potential?" Journal of World Trade 53, Issue 5 (October 1, 2019): 855–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2019034.

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Digital trade has been increasing in importance as the ways of conducting trade have advanced in tandem with technological progress. In view of the EU’s recent successes in negotiating trade agreements with third countries the question arises as to whether EU Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) cater for digital trade in a way that allows it to reach its full potential. This article attempts to reply to this question by evaluating how digital trade has been tackled in a holistic manner in the EU’s FTAs from the EU-Korea FTA onwards. The results show that even though a lot of progress was made, there is still more to be done. The article identifies the most urgent issue as being that of having trade agreements cater for allowing efficient cross border data flows between the parties to the agreement. It subsequently proposes a next step that could be taken in order to address this issue in a realistic manner taking into consideration the value of data protection.

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Lee, Jaemin. "Digital Trade and Trade Norms Rapid Convergence of Goods Trade and Services Trade and Its Systemic Implication." Korean Journal of International Economic Law 16, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 91–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.46271/kjiel.2018.07.16.2.91.

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Feng, Zhen, and Ming-Ming Zhang. "Comparison of International Competitiveness of Digital Services Trade between Korea and China." Journal of Korea Trade 26, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2022.26.3.79.

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Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the international competitiveness of digital service trade between Korea and China and to help enhance the competitive advantage of digital service trade between the two countries. Design/methodology - This paper designs and establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for the international competitiveness of the Korea-China digital service trade. By using the analytical methods of combining theory and demonstration through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper makes a concrete and complete theoretical deconstruction and empirical measurement of its international competitiveness from the two levels of overall competitiveness and departmental competitiveness. At the same time, the study also analyzes the competitive advantages and comparative disadvantages of the two countries. Findings - It is found that South Korea has a strong competitive advantage in the sector competitiveness of digital service trade, and the export structure is reasonable and balanced, but the deficit pattern affects the overall competitiveness. China has a strong competitive advantage in the overall competitiveness of the digital service trade. However, the structural imbalance in the export sector weakens the competitiveness of the sector. Both Korea and China have the space advantage and competitive potential to enhance international competitiveness in terms of development trends. Originality/value - This paper takes the lead in solving the pain point of the relative lack of similar research topics. It demonstrates the evolution process, development trends, and structural characteristics of the digital service trade. A new combination of competitive power research methods is innovated, and a comprehensive evaluation system is established. The above innovation points show the academic theoretical value and practical application value of this study.

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Burri, Mira. "Towards a New Treaty on Digital Trade." Journal of World Trade 55, Issue 1 (February 1, 2021): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2021003.

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Digital trade is one of the very few areas of trade law, where one can observe a willingness shared by the international community to move forward and actively engage in new rule-making. The article contextualizes and explores this development by looking at the relevant e-commerce provisions in preferential agreements, in particularly by highlighting the legal innovation in the most advanced templates of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Transpacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the United States Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA), as well as in dedicated digital trade agreements, such as the ones between the United States and Japan and between Chile, New Zealand and Singapore. The article then looks at the WTO negotiations and tries to identify points of convergence and divergence reflected in the latest negotiation proposals tabled by WTO members. It is the article’s objective to test these proposals, as to their potential to permit the adoption of a new treaty on digital trade and to their ability to adequately address the practical reality of the data-driven economy. digital trade, electronic commerce, World Trade Organization, preferential trade agreements, data and data flows, CPTPP, USMCA, DEPA

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Zu, Wenjing, Guoda Gu, and Sihan Lei. "Does Digital Transformation in Manufacturing Affect Trade Imbalances? Evidence from US–China Trade." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 8381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148381.

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In the new era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, digitalization has progressively transformed manufacturing and further affected the balance in international trade patterns. This study assesses whether and how the digital transformation in manufacturing contributes to trade imbalances. Using detailed industry-level data from the US, this study constructs an integrated evaluation to measure the level of digital transformation in manufacturing and investigates the ways in which digital transformation in manufacturing affects the US–China trade imbalance. Empirical results show that the US digital transformation in manufacturing is positively associated with the US–China total trade imbalance, which in turn is negatively associated with their related-party trade imbalance. The further analysis presents a moderated mediation model that includes the US-imported intermediate input from China (mediator for the US–China total trade imbalance), foreign direct investment in China by the US multinationals (mediator for the US–China related-party trade imbalance), and Chinese important manufacturing policy (moderator) simultaneously. The results reveal that the Chinese important manufacturing policy moderates the mediation process and the moderated mediation effect is stronger for the industries which are not involved with this policy. Our findings are informative for developing digital transformation strategies for both manufacturing firms and government authorities.

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Xue, Hong. "Management of Intellectual Property Risks in Digital Trade." Global Trade and Customs Journal 17, Issue 5 (May 1, 2022): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2022026.

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Digital trade, although empowers international transactions, brings new intellectual property risks to traders. Digital platforms are playing the vital role in managing intellectual property risks to avoid or mitigate the traders’ losses to infringements and liabilities. The intellectual property warranty mechanism, based on statute or warranty clause, is also revived as the important means for risk management in digital trade. Traders need to renew and upgrade their strategies and measures of intellectual property risk management to safeguard their interests in new trade environment. digital trade, intellectual property rights, digital platforms, CISG, statutory warranty, warranty clause

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Smirnov, E. N. "Parameters of development and regulation of the international digital trade at the present stage." E-Management 2, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2019-1-78-84.

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The main aspects of development of the international digital trade in modern conditions have been analysed and systematized in the article. Under the influence of new digital technologies more and more companies are involved in international trade, and economic activity within global value chains becomes more and more operated. Impact of digital transformation on the international exchange in the conditions of digital globalization has been estimated. At a new stage of economic globalization development of digital trade becomes an alternative to delay of traditional exchange. The international approaches to classification and measurement of objects of digital trade have been generalized. It has been shown, that cross-border electronic commerce becomes more active, but not less intensively international trade in services on the basis of information and communication technologies also develops. The main challenges, facing multilateral and national regulation of electronic commerce and digital trade in goods and services, have been revealed. It has been established, that ensuring openness of the markets remains one of the major barriers to effective development of cross-border digital trade. The conclusion has also been drawn, that digitalization will lead in the long term to decrease in cost of international trade, and in these conditions, a significant role will be played by small and medium-sized enterprises, actively integrated into global digital platforms. In this regard, countries need to create adequate mechanisms of regulation of foreign trade in digital goods and services. Creation of an effective system of multilateral regulation of the international exchange in the conditions of digitalization is also significant. The main tools of this system should be protection of investments of the companies and creation of an effective system of settlement of investment and trade disputes, but not regulation of rules of access to the market.

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Pavlovskaya, O. Yu. "Digital Unions. Right to Association and Representation: New Challenges." Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), no. 01 (January 22, 2022): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2201-07.

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The article is devoted to the issue of ensuring the right to representation and the right to unite employees by creating digital trade unions. The analysis of the practice of the Trade Union of Public Education and Science Workers of the Russian Federation on the transition to a single electronic database (platform) leads the author to the conclusion that the digital trade union in modern conditions is an effective means of implementing the statutory functions and protecting the social and labor rights of trade union members. The article also reflects the problems of creating digital trade unions at enterprises using non-standard forms of employment: the majority of non-standard employees are not members of a trade union, which deprives them of the opportunity for appropriate protection from trade union organizations. And with the growth of non-standard forms of employment, there is a reduction in solidary participants in labor relations, and a reduction in subsidiary ones. In addition, there is a tendency to reduce the total number of trade union organizations, as clearly evidenced by trade union statistics.

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Zhang, Ting-Hui, and Chang Hwan Choi. "Digital Trade Dispute Case Study - Focusing on French Digital Service Tax -." Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2021.23.3.235.

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Blyzniuk, Vasyl. "Metrics in digital marketing of trade enterprises." Marketing and Digital Technologies 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/mdt.5.2.2021.4.

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Aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to identify metrics that are relevant to digital marketing, in particular, in the activities of trade enterprises. Description of certain metrics, their detailing and systematization. Analyses results. A study on the metrics of digital marketing in the activities of trade enterprises. Systematized, defined and supplemented groups of digital marketing metrics, their application in the activities of enterprises. The main metrics of digital marketing on some groups of metrics of digital marketing in the aspect of the analysis of digital marketing are allocated. The metrics used in social media marketing have been significantly supplemented and described. Added an exhaustive list of marketing metrics in social networks, in particular, highlighted the main ones. The interpretation of the metrics for attracting, covering and evaluating the results of advertising campaigns in order to attract new subscribers has been supplemented and detailed. The metrics of media and ppc-advertising are described in detail, the most important of them are singled out. The metrics of email-marketing are considered, defined and supplemented, priority ones are determined. The popularity of using digital metrics in ppc and e-mail groups is substantiated.The digital marketing metrics used for startups are outlined, described and detailed. Conclusions and directions for further research. The study analyzed and supplemented the main groups of application of digital marketing metrics. The descriptions and details of these metrics have been clarified, a wider set of metrics has been found, which corresponds to the current state of affairs in digital marketing. Systematized information from various sources and supplemented by practical observations of the functioning of services and digital marketing systems. The metrics related to social media marketing have been significantly supplemented and described. For each direction, important metrics are identified that outline the tools by results

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ZHANG, Mei. "Research on collaborative innovation mechanism of Guangzhou Digital Trade and industrial cluster." Theory and Practice of Social Science 3, no. 5 (December 31, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6914/tpss.030502.

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Studying the mechanism of collaborative innovation between digital trade and industrial clusters can enrich the path of optimization and upgrading of industrial clusters driven by digital trade and the industrial support path for the deep development of digital trade, and provide theoretical support and guidance for the practice of collaborative innovation between them. By tapping the source of cluster innovation, building innovative elements such as talents, capital, information and technology, realizing the flow within and across clusters, forming a cluster network with coordinated development, the industrial clusters with competitive advantages can be built; the competitiveness of digital service trade can be cultivated. Finally, an ecological network of Digital Trade Industrial Clusters with coordinated development can be formed, which will help solve the conflicts and contradictions of the system and promote the efficient evolution of the system. Digital Trade Industrial Clusters Network can be developed on the path arrangement from the improvement of factor allocation efficiency, the construction of factor sharing platform, the formation of collaborative network and the evolution of digital ecosystem.

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Shkvarya, L. V., and E. D. Frolova. "Comparative Analysis of Foreign Trade Development in the Digital Segment by World Regions." Economy of Region 18, no. 2 (2022): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-13.

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Foreign trade, affected by digitalisation, acquired new features, while its development led to a new redistribution of world regions. The present article aims to reveal specific features and emerging trends in the digital segment of foreign trade and identify leading regions and success factors. In this case, the digital segment includes ICT-equipment and ICT-services trade. UNCTAD statistics for 2000–2019 were examined using the methodology of foreign trade structural and comparative analysis. We hypothesise that there are different development stages in the digital segment of foreign trade characterised by changes of leading regions. In particular, three waves in the development of the digital segment of foreign trade, corresponding to different characteristics, were identified. In the third wave, the growth rate of digital turnover remained the same but its share in the total global turnover decreased. It was revealed that the share of the digital segment is higher than the share of merchandise trade in the countries of one region. Asia-Pacific Region replaced the USA (that moved from the 1st place in the first wave to the 5th position) as the leading region. China, specialising in the export of ICT-equipment, came out on top with the 27.1 % share of digital exports in the country’s total exports, increasing by 15.9 times in 20 years. Russia, whose specialisation is the export of ICT-services, is closer to the end of the top 50 ranking of countries in this segment; its negative foreign trade balance was also revealed. The obtained findings can be useful for specialists developing the foreign digital trade strategy of Russia. In order to increase the potential of national economies, including Russia, in the digital segment of foreign trade, further research should focus on ways to prevent their lagging behind the leaders.

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Rukanova, Boriana, Stefan Henningsson, Helle Zinner Henriksen, and Yao Hua Tan. "Digital Trade Infrastructures: A Framework for Analysis." Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, no. 14 (April 30, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/csimq.2018-14.01.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Digital trade'

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