Dissertations / Theses: 'Digital trade'

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Farrell, John Patrick. "Digital Hardware Design Decisions and Trade-offs for Software Radio Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33294.

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Software radio is a technique for implementing reconfigurable radio systems using a combination of various circuit elements and digital hardware. By implementing radio functions in software, a flexible radio can be created that is capable of performing a variety of functions at different times. Numerous digital hardware devices are available to perform the required signal processing, each with its own strengths and weaknesses in terms of performance, power consumption, and programmability. The system developer must make trade-offs in these three design areas when determining the best digital hardware solution for a software radio implementation. When selecting digital hardware architectures, it is important to recognize the requirements of the system and identify which architectures will provide sufficient performance within the design constraints. While some architectures may provide abundant computational performance and flexibility, the associated power consumption may largely exceed the limits available for a given system. Conversely, other processing architectures may demand minimal power consumption and offer sufficient computation performance yet provide little in terms of the flexibility needed for software radio systems. Several digital hardware solutions are presented as well as their design trade-offs and associated implementation issues.
Master of Science

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Jeroen, Mulder Kasper. "Trade blocs and the global digital divide : a spatial panel data approach." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/142611.

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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE Economia Analytica
In order to get a better understanding of worldwide Internet usage differences, spatial interaction effects are added to a model explaining cross-country growth in Internet usage. The paper finds that ICT infrastructure growth has a positive and significant effect on Internet usage growth in one’s own country as well as in other countries. The findings suggest that the efficiency of policies aimed at decreasing the global digital divide can be increased if they are initiated on a trade bloc level. Contrary to earlier papers no significant role for income in explaining cross-country Internet usage differences is found.

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Harvey, Caitlin Megan. "Digital trade and development: A way forward for Africa at a continental and multilateral level." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31438.

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This paper argues that digital trade can benefit developing countries and result in substantial financial gains. The regulation thereof has been at the forefront of negotiations at the multilateral level and within regions of Africa. While developing economies do not typically reap the benefits of digital progression, this paper proposes that digital trade can be developed in such a way so as to prioritise the developmental considerations of Africa specifically. Through observing the progress of the WTO platform for digital trade, namely the Work Programme on Electronic Commerce, it is seen that the multilateral regulation of digital trade is a complex task. Developing country participation at this level is essential to the sustainable development of digital trade. Within Africa, there have been notable advancements in the regulation of digital trade, evidenced by the establishment of COMESA’s Digital FTA. The considerations for the advancement of digital trade for a developing continent are numerous as not only do the traditional barriers to trade still remain a primary concern but there is also the potential threat of furthering the existing digital divide that persists between the developing and the developed world. Therefore, the paper proposes that should Africa consider developing digital trade through AfCFTA (the African Continental Free Trade Agreement) digital trade in services should be prioritised ahead of digital trade in goods. This would help overcome Africa’s trade facilitation and development challenges and advance Africa’s position in the multilateral trading system.

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Meiring, Ellena. "Trade-offs impacting consumer decision quality in the context of digital music platforms." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52251.

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The growth of music piracy is threatening the sustainability of the music industry in general. The major theme of the research is exploring how price versus fit and other relevant trade-offs impact online consumer decision-making. The aim is to improve understanding in how to attract consumers to legal digital music platforms to create revenue sustainably at prices consumers are willing to pay. Music as an information good has high sunk and low marginal costs. Moreover there are a plethora of consumer access options, from streaming to downloading content in both free and paid for platforms. The focus was to create and test a model built on Punj s recent but untested online decision-making model within the context of music as digital information good. It attempted to improve understanding around trade-offs impacting consumer s decision quality for acquisition of digital music. Thus the end result should improve monetisation of legal digital music distribution. Through a qualitative, explorative research design of face to face interviews with ten digital music consumers and nine music industry experts in South Africa various perspectives and opinions were scrutinised. By comparing trade-offs and factors such as economic price, search costs, product knowledge and perceived risks across downloading and streaming consumers as well as experts new insights emerged. Findings reflected that Punj s model does not hold with regards to price versus benefit and search versus price trade-offs in the context of digital music. Various trade-offs during consumer decision making in this environment are presented. A potential disconnect between consumer perspectives and expert opinions emerged, which imply a substantial lack in consumer centricity. Suggestions on attracting consumers to support legal platforms based on what consumers truly value, concluded the research.
Mini-disseration (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
nk2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Rouse, Christopher J. "The use of natural algorithms for the architectural exploration of digital systems." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322995.

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Koutsias, Marios. "Consumer protection and global trade in the digital environment : the case of data protection." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437826.

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Gaigher, S. S. E. (Susan). "Digital publishing in the South African trade sub-sector : lessons to learn from disruptive technology." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32784.

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The traditional print publishing industry has been faced with significant change over the past decade. Advances in technology have led to the increased digitisation of business processes, and have debatably brought e-books to the brink of the mainstream market. With the growing popularity of e-books in the trade market come several opportunities for publishers to expand, improve and differentiate their businesses. But publishers also face a very challenging time ahead to successfully implement digital publishing in their business processes. This study examines the implications of digitisation and digital publishing on publishing business processes in the traditional print publishing environment. The research considers digital publishing as a disruptive technology in the publishing industry, and draws on the context and predictive value of disruptive technology theory. Disruptive technology theory examines why, when faced with a disruptive technology, some firms succeed in the marketplace, and others fail. The research applied the principles and predictions of disruptive technology theory to the publishing industry to develop a set of recommendations for publishers implementing digital publishing processes. The research employed a mixed methodology design that included an extensive literature review and an online survey of South African book publishers. The literature provided an overview of the issues surrounding digital publishing, and the opportunities and challenges that publishers are faced with. Literature on disruptive technology theory served to establish trends in industries faced with disruptive technology, and uncovered recommendations for its successful implementation. The researcher made use of an online survey that was sent to South African trade publishers that had already started experimenting with digital publishing in 2010 or 2011, or had plans to do so during the course of 2011 and 2012. The survey was designed to uncover the current state of digital publishing in the South African trade publishing industry, to discover the approaches that publishers are currently taking, and the barriers to implementation that they are experiencing. The research confirmed that the current state of digital publishing in South Africa, and the problems that publishers are experiencing, are characteristic of industries faced with disruptive technology. The principles of disruptive technology can therefore be applied to develop recommendations and suggest strategies for publishers planning to venture into digital publishing. Although the focus of the research was on South African trade publishers, the results and recommendations that emerged from the research can be applied to the wider international publishing industry.
Dissertation (MIS)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
gm2013
Information Science
unrestricted

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Kondo, Tinashe. "Legal and economic uncertainties clouding digital taxation : unpacking and addressing the issues." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5154.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The digital economy has over the past years developed at a dramatic pace, generating substantial revenues for entities and individuals trading on this platform. This has fuelled vast interest and debate into whether such activity should be taxed. After the turn of the millennium, a lot of research on taxing the digital economy was done, but this was mostly in America and Europe. In South Africa, very little research has been done, most of which was conducted before the enactment of new pieces of legislation regulating digital tax. This study analyses how the South African digital tax framework interlinks with global tax principles. More specifically, the study seeks to clarify the legal and economic uncertainties surrounding the taxation of e-trade. The pertinent issues around this area will then be analysed in depth and potential solutions furnished. The Taxation Laws Amendment Act 21 of 2013 changed the position in South Africa in respect of the supply of electronic services. The definition of ‘enterprise’ was extended to include the supply of electronic services by a person or business outside South Africa, to a recipient in South Africa. Therefore, foreign enterprises could become liable to register as vendors in terms of s 23 of the Act, and become subject to VAT in terms of s 7 (1) (a) of the Value Added Tax Act 89 of 1991. Amongst other implications, the new regulations effectively shift the compliance burden from the local recipient to the foreign supplier in terms of the listed electronic services while at the same time creating compliance costs for the foreign supplier. The study builds on models adopted by other countries on the international scene. The United States and European countries have taken different paths on the matter compared to the one adopted by South Africa. The United States imposed a temporary moratorium on states levying certain taxes on Internet sales, while, on the other hand, the European Union levied different digital tax standards, which depend on whether or not the supplier is based in Europe. The research concludes that the majority of the problems surrounding the taxation of e-trade are not of a sovereign nature but rather of a multi-jurisdictional nature. The study recommends that at a global level, there is a need for the creation of: new e-tax rules in the WTO regime; a central registration portal; a third party collection and payment mechanism, an imbedded audit system in the portal; as well as built-in privacy mechanisms in order cure the existing shortcomings in taxing Internet transactions. For South Africa, the study suggests that the National Treasury create a timeline for the creation of a White Paper on the taxation of electronic commerce and the subsequent creation of more comprehensive Electronic Service Regulations within a reasonable period thereafter.

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Taylor, Paul. "Responding to the shock of the new : trade, technology, and the changing production axis in film, television, and new media /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6202.

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Boccia, Murillo Feitosa. "O trade off do consumidor online: benefícios com a personalização versus defesa da sua privacidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-30032011-174219/.

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Privacidade é um termo de grande amplitude. Uma característica comum às definições é a ênfase dada ao direito individual de revelar-se seletivamente ao mundo. Originalmente, a utilização do termo privacidade relacionava-se a direitos como o corporal e o direito territorial. Com a revolução da informática e, posteriormente, com o surgimento da Internet e o fácil acesso a dados pessoais por parte das empresas e governos, uma nova questão surge: a discussão sobre o direito à privacidade informacional. Por sua vez, as empresas do século XXI e a nova comunicação de Marketing passam por grandes transformações associadas ao desenvolvimento de bancos de dados de consumidores e de novas mídias. O e-mail e as redes sociais tornaram-se formas novas de se comunicar com o consumidor, individualmente. Associadas à informação sobre cada uma das pessoas, essas ferramentas permitem que a comunicação seja mais assertiva e, potencialmente, mais relevante para o consumidor. Isso porque uma de suas características fundamentais é a menor dispersão da mensagem, quando comparadas com mídias como a televisão. Entretanto, quanto mais a comunicação de Marketing procura o alvo, mais tênue fica a linha que separa a relevância da sensação de invasão de privacidade. O presente trabalho buscou compreender como o consumidor, alvo da comunicação, entende o processo de decisão entre defesa da sua privacidade e acesso a serviços personalizados, ou seja, como se dá esse trade off . Há carência de trabalhos nessa área, e a contribuição das pesquisas de Allan Westin (2003), realizadas na área do Direito Público, serviu como arcabouço teórico para o desenvolvimento de um questionário estruturado e para os tipos de análises que foram realizadas. Foram coletados dados de 1.791 internautas, que responderam ao questionário. Esses dados foram analisados com o auxílio de técnicas estatísticas univariadas e multivariadas, como análise de regressão e análise de cluster. O resultado da pesquisa engloba a análise dos dados primários e a revisão da literatura. Uma das conclusões é que o comportamento dos consumidores não é uniforme em relação ao tema. Confirmando as descobertas de Westin, foram identificados grupos de consumidores que valorizam mais a privacidade, e outros que valorizam mais os benefícios da personalização. Outra descoberta sugere que essa escolha não é um processo completamente consciente, e ele se dá, algumas vezes, de forma involuntária e até contraditória. Ao focar os benefícios, o consumidor parece esquecer a privacidade. Ao focar a privacidade, ele parece querer colocar limites à personalização.
Privacy is a broad-spectrum word. A common feature among the different definitions of the term is the emphasis placed on the right of the individual to reveal his or her self to the world in a selective way. Originally, the use of the word privacy was related to rights such as bodily rights and territorial rights. With the computer revolution and, later, the advent of the Internet and easy access to personal data by companies and government agencies, a new issue arose: the debate about the right to informational privacy. On the other hand, the companies of the 21th century and the new marketing communication have undergone great changes connected to the development of consumer databases and new medias. E-mail and the social networks have become new ways to establish communication with the consumer on an individual basis. Associated to information about each individual, such tools can make communication more assertive and, potentially, more relevant for the consumer. The reason is that one of its fundamental traits is the small degree of message dispersion, in comparison with medias such as television. However, the more Marketing communication seeks its target, the thinner is the line that separates relevance from the feeling of privacy invasion. The purpose of the present study is to verify how the consumer, the target of communication, understands the decision-making process involving the protection of his/her privacy versus the access to customized services, in other words, how such trade-off takes place. There are insufficient studies in this area; the research conducted by Allan Westin (2003) in the field of Public Law was the theoretical framework for the preparation of a structured survey and for the type of analysis carried out in this project. Data from 1,791 Internet-users was collected based on their answers to the survey. Such data was analyzed using uni- and multi-varied statistical techniques, such as regression analysis and cluster analysis. The result of the said survey comprises the analysis of primary data and a review of the corresponding literature. One of the conclusions is that the consumers behavior is not uniform in relation to this topic. In confirmation of Westin´s findings, there are groups of consumers who value their privacy more and others who prefer the benefits of customization. Another finding suggests that such choice is not completely conscious, and sometimes happens in an involuntary and even contradictory form. When the focus is on benefits, the consumer seems to forget his/her privacy. When the focus is on privacy, the consumer apparently wants to set some limits to customization.

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Prusak, Błażej, and Olena Rybak. "Adaptation of the world art market to the conditions of the pandemic within digital technology." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/54608.

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1. Art market worldwide statistics & facts | Statista. URL: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ (дата звернення: 04.12.2021). 2. Vickers M. Marketing and Buying Fine Art Online.: URL: https://archive.org/details/ marketingbuyingf00vick (дата звернення: 06.12.2021). 3. Hermann, M., Pentek, T. and B. Otto (2015). Design principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios. Working paper No.01/2015. Technische Universität Dortmund, 15 p.
The authors looked into the aspects of world art market adaptation to the conditions of the pandemic within digital technology, analyzed the main market trends, described changes in the trade mechanisms. The main challenges of the current art market were defined, and the ways to resolve them were outlined.

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Losey, James. "The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement and the Networked Public Sphere : How to avoid a Convergent Crisis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204641.

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Communications scholarship faces a convergent crisis. Research on networks includes the role of information networks in supporting social movements, networked civil society, the information society, and new forms of communication. But while communications literature utilizes a variety of approaches to describe the impact of networked communications, a dearth of technical expertise permeates scholarship. Despite the discourse on networks potentially bridging previously distinct disciplines, the lack of a fundamental understanding of communications networks and relationships between technical and socio-political networks remains a consistent gap. This thesis will investigate the extent that opposition to the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) in Europe constitute a networked public sphere. Through studying the role of civl society and the networked public in the European ACTA debate, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of socio-political and communications technology networks are not only illuminated, but the importance of analyzing the mechanisms through which vertical hierarchies enclose the public sphere become abundantly clear. This research provides the foundation for an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the relationship between information technology and socio-political networks and offers lessons for information policy makers, communications scholars, and networked civil society within the context of European democracy.

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Gerber, Andre Hein. "The role of customs and value-added tax legislation in the collection of value-added tax on crossborder trade in digital goods." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73269.

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Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is experiencing exponential growth which is rapidly transforming the traditional approach to international trade. The regulation and facilitation of the rising levels of e-commerce derived digital goods is undoubtedly a challenge for revenue administrations and customs administrations alike. However, it also presents opportunities for higher levels of revenue collection through increased economic activity and, as such, should be supported by e-commerce enabling legislation. Further consideration is required to ascertain whether the current legislation regulating the taxation of e-commerce will suffice, or if further amendments are required to provide for the necessary changes to enhance the tax base to be reflective of the drastic changes in the economy. For SARS better regulation and facilitation of cross-border e-commerce transactions can provide the opportunity to generate additional revenue for Government and enhance economic growth. This can only be achieved by creating an environment whereby an appropriate level of consumer trust is established. To this effect South Africa does have laws addressing key regulatory issues regarding trade in e-commerce. What remains is for SARS to determine the desired extent of levying consumption taxes on cross-border digital goods. Once it has been established, the application thereof must be aligned to guiding international tax principles to further embed the taxation of cross-border trade in digital goods in South Africa by way of continuous regulatory certainty.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Restricted

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Gad, Usama. "The digital challenges and chances." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-201593.

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In this paper, I would like to explore the new ways of perceiving Papyri und Papyrology i.e. papyrological studies from Egyptian-Arabic perspectives. The paper will shed light on three main and, from my point of view, intertwined ways of thinking about this discipline that has been newly of importance just because of the new media. First, one should consider the question of legal status of papyri presented online, including their provenance, and the Egyptian (legal) point of view in this regard. Most, if not all, the available, papyri databases, which presents papyri online, suffice themselves with just a note about the purchase of a certain piece from unknown Egyptian, sometime known and famous like M. Nahman, without any indication about on which government, circumstances, regulations und laws this “supposedly” legal purchase has been conducted. I would suggest putting up a Wikipedia link or any other mean to give the “Egyptian” Science citizen, a further reading lists and short justifications about the transportation of this artefact from his country to Europe or the United States, where most of the papyri, presented in the moment online, are kept. Second, The provenance of the same pieces are in many cases given either with transliterated names that doesn’t exist on Arabic modern maps which one find through e.g. Google or with names that mix the archeological site with its nearby village or town. A similar database, in cooperation and with the help of with the Egyptian Universities’ students of Archeology, would solve this problem. Such links would also serve as a start for more specialized research that connects Archeology and Papyri with modern as well as recent Egyptian History. Third, an Arabic translation of the Papyri presented online, again with the help of Egyptian students of History, Classics and Archeology departments, would be a basis for more further analysis of these texts, whether they are written in Egyptian (with all its script) Greek, Latin or Coptic. These are some chances, which may seem easier to achieve, thanks to the new digital media, especially the social ones, but the challenges that would face any implementation of the above-mentioned idea in the current Egyptian academia are tremendous. This include but not limited to financial and legal matters that control the education system in Egypt.

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Dias, Luís Nuno Coelho. "Ideografias dinâmicas-o interface digital como suporte de novas escritas." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Belas Artes, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29291.

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Cheng-Fong, Luis, Ana Cruzalegui, Jose Rojas, and Carlos Raymundo. "Methodology for the digitalization of advertisement at the point of sale for gross margin increase in the traditional retail trade." International Institute of Informatics and Systemics, IIIS, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656359.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
Retail trade modernization in Peru has displaced the traditional retailer as the first option when it comes to shopping. Supermarkets have grown 45% during the last four years and the new convenience stores gather all competitive advantages required by the sector. Industry has adapted to the new Peruvian in order to cover the needs generated by a digital age offering solutions that give timely information, comfort and modernity when acquiring a new product. In 2017, 414,000 grocery stores were counted in Peru, which were forced to adapt and improve their services. This research project aims to come up with a solution to bring the grocery stores into the twenty-first century, and thus, to increase their gross margin and ensure their continuity. A methodology connecting the requirements of the grocery stores that invest the most in the city of Lima to the needs of the mass consumption companies by means of a platform that digitalizes ads at the point of sale driven by digital advertising is presented here. Currently, the product benefits 40 grocery stores in the city with a new customer service channel that allows to increase their sales by 20%.

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Du, Jinyan. "The development of a methodology for assessing industrial workstations using computer-aided ergonomics and digital human models." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07222005-105440/.

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This study examined an existing industrial workstation at an automobile assembly plant using computer aided ergonomics and digital human models. The purpose of this evaluation was the development of a methodology useful for evaluating workstations to identify potential design issues that could result in musculoskeletal injury in a real work environment. An ergonomic risk assessment was conducted on a lifting task while being performed both manually and using an assist device. JACK digital human modeling and ergonomics software were used to conduct a computer-based ergonomic analysis. Four analysis tools in JACK (static strength analysis, rapid upper limb assessment, metabolic energy expenditure analysis and NIOSH lift analysis) were used to evaluate the potential injury risk of the current method of task performance and there is any difference between using and not using the assist device. Muscle activity was measured by electromyography (EMG) to identify physiological indicators of fatigue. Also, Borg¡¯s Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale was administered to obtain psychophysical data. Results of this study revealed that there were relative stresses on the trunk and arm areas when the task was performed manually. The results also suggest although using the assist device decreased injury risk potentially, use of the assist device had an adverse impact on the productivity of the assembly line. Based on the findings of this study, the methodology used appears to be an appropriate ergonomic analysis tool for assessing and predicting potential risks associated with the design of industrial workstations. Furthermore this methodology can be extended to designing and redesigning industrial workstations.

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Zhou, Yin. "Simulation in apparel manufacturing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8718.

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Ambrocio, Olarte Miguel Angel. "Relación entre marketing digital y fidelización de clientes en una empresa de trade marketing y publicidad de Lima en el año 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16539.

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Determinar la relación entre marketing digital y fidelización de clientes en una empresa de trade marketing y publicidad de Lima, con el fin de develar aquellas actividades que están estrechamente asociadas con la efectividad del resultado final, y así poder darle mayor financiamiento a la implementación del marketing digital dentro de la empresa en largo plazo. Asimismo, mediante esta investigación, se pretende ayudar a generar un análisis para una futura toma de decisiones, partiendo de los puntos críticos identificados. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, se tomó en consideración el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible número 9: Industria, Innovación e Infraestructura, el cual consiste en construir infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización sostenible, y fomentar la innovación. La investigación realizada determina la relación entre marketing digital y fidelización de clientes en una empresa de trade marketing y publicidad de Lima en el año 2020 Esta investigación es básica con enfoque cuantitativo. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo no experimental correlacional. En cuanto a la recolección de datos, se realizó mediante una encuesta, tanto para la variable marketing digital como fidelización de clientes. El cuestionario consta de 32 ítems, y su escala de medición es de Likert. Para hallar la muestra, se tomó en consideración una población de 140 clientes. Cabe mencionar que el tipo de muestro es probabilístico simple generado a partir una base de datos del año 2020, para luego ser medido bajo observación, pruebas estadísticas y modelos correlacionales.

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Plana, Casado María José. "E-food control: challenges for the UE in the digital era = El control de los @limentos: retos para la UE en la era digital." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586095.

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E-grocery shopping is increasingly popular, but a significant part of the food products available online do not comply with food law requirements. The official control systems designed by Member States on the basis of the harmonized rules of the European Union, are not adapted to the digital reality. Additionally, digital platforms that allow individuals to share and exchange goods and services have brought peer-to-peer trade back to the political arena in the era of the “collaborative economy,” also when it comes to food. However, competent authorities do not know how to supervise this trade. This thesis identifies ten challenges faced by the competent authorities when organizing and performing control activities on e-foods. The Spanish competent authorities, like those of many other Member States, do not know how to overcome these challenges. Building on a comparative study of the legal framework of Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom, I evaluate the strategy that these last two Member States have adopted on e-food control. The objective of the regulatory and policy comparison is to identify good practices applicable to the rest of Europe, including Spain. The legislation is different in each Member State, and so is the approach to e-food control. Germany has created a centralized unit that monitors e-food offers, aiming to improve the overall safety of the digital market. The United Kingdom has focused on clarifying the legal framework that applies to controls online, and on providing competent authorities with tools to ensure that food establishments and active operators in the digital market are included in official controls. The conclusions and proposals of this thesis are based on the analysis of both approaches, and of the coordination and support initiatives that have recently been carried out by the European Commission.
El comerç electrònic d'aliments està creixent de manera significativa en el sector dels queviures al detall, però una quantitat important dels productes oferts no compleixen amb els requisits de la legislació alimentària quant a la seva seguretat i qualitat. Els sistemes de control oficial que van dissenyar els Estats Membres respectant les regles bàsiques de legislació de la Unió Europea a principis de segle XXI, no s'adapten a la realitat digital. A més, la popularització de les plataformes digitals ha retornat una importància perduda al comerç entre particulars, que les autoritats no saben com supervisar. Aquesta tesi identifica deu reptes als quals s'enfronten les autoritats competents en l'organització i execució d'activitats de control dels @liments. Les autoritats competents espanyoles, com les de molts altres Estats Membres, no saben com enfrontar-se a ells. Per això es realitza un estudi comparat del marc jurídic d'Espanya, Alemanya i Regne Unit, i s'analitzen els detalls de l'estratègia que aquests dos últims països han adoptat per superar els reptes. L'objectiu és identificar bones pràctiques aplicables a la resta d'Europa. Tot i que la regulació de cada Estat presenta diferències significatives, els obstacles per al control són similars. Tot i això, la forma en la qual Alemanya i Regne Unit s'enfronten als deu reptes és molt diferent. Mentre que Alemanya ha creat una unitat centralitzada que supervisa el mercat digital amb l'objectiu de millorar la seguretat dels @liments, el Regne Unit opta per aclarir el marc jurídic i dotar a les seves autoritats amb eines per normalitzar el control administratiu dels establiments i explotadors actius al mercat digital. D'ambdues experiències, i del paper de coordinació i suport assumit per la Comissió Europea, s'extreuen les conclusions i propostes d'aquesta tesi.
El comercio electrónico de alimentos se está desarrollado significativamente en el sector minorista de comestibles, pero una cantidad importante de los productos ofertados no cumplen con los requisitos de la legislación alimentaria en cuanto a su seguridad y calidad. Los sistemas de control oficial que diseñaron los Estados Miembros respetando las reglas básicas armonizadas de legislación de la Unión Europea a principios de siglo XXI, no se adaptan a la realidad digital. Además, la popularización de las plataformas digitales ha devuelto una importancia perdida al comercio entre particulares, que las autoridades no saben cómo supervisar. Esta tesis identifica diez retos a los que se enfrentan las autoridades competentes en la organización y ejecución de actividades de control de los @limentos. Las autoridades competentes españolas, como las de muchos otros Estados Miembros, no saben cómo enfrentarse a ellos. Por ello, se realiza un estudio comparado del marco jurídico de España, Alemania y Reino Unido, y se analizan los pormenores de la estrategia que estos dos últimos países han adoptado para superar los retos. El objetivo es identificar buenas prácticas aplicables al resto de Europa. A pesar de que la regulación de cada Estado presenta diferencias significativas, los obstáculos para el control son similares. Sin embargo, la forma en la que Alemania y Reino Unido se enfrentan a los diez retos es muy diferente. Mientras que Alemania ha creado una unidad centralizada que supervisa el mercado digital, cuyo objetivo es mejorar la seguridad de los @limentos, el Reino Unido opta por clarificar el marco jurídico y dotar a sus autoridades con herramientas para normalizar el control administrativo de los establecimientos y explotadores activos en el mercado digital. De ambas experiencias, y del papel de coordinación y soporte asumido por la Comisión Europea, se extraen las conclusiones y propuestas de esta tesis.

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Lindström, Clara. ""Antingen så lägger man sig ner och dör eller så försöker man" : En intervjustudie om några förläggares och bibliotekariers inställning till e-bokshantering på svenska folkbibliotek." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253310.

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This master thesis aims to examine how public libraries in Sweden are practically and ideologically equipped to deal with e-books, outside of the dominant distributor Elib. The study also aims to find out what’s required of the book market and the public libraries to make further progress in the question of e-books. In Sweden e-books are still representing only a small amount of all the library loans and an even smaller amount of the commercial book market. The methodological and theoretical ground for the thesis is Grounded Theory, and the survey is based on interviews with publishers, librarians and distributors. The conclusions of this thesis are that the public libraries lack resources to invest in e-books, and that they also lack in knowledge about the media and its readers. It also exposes that both internal and external collaboration efforts need to be further developed. In addition to this it also becomes clear that the libraries’ and publishers' digital presence is crucial in their efforts to reach out with literature to the readers. The findings above are closely interwoven with two conceptions of a more abstract kind. The first relates to the issue of the identity of the public library and the question of how they should manage their mission in a still developing digital world. The second concerns the issue of the value of the e-book vs. the value of the printed book. Both publishers and libraries still see the printed book as superior to the e-book, wherefore libraries are reluctant to invest in books that will not be a part of a traditional bookshelf collection. In order to work more actively with the development and further adapt to a future digital society, it is these factors that the book market and the public libraries must work on in order to reach out with literature to the readers. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum Studies.

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Duarte, Cueva Franklin. "Economía digital, sitios web y PYMES del sector artesanía en el Perú." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114901.

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The companies are operating in complex, dynamic and uncertain environments that it difficult to compete. The e-economy each time has a major presence in business world, then, the small entrepreneurs must design strategies based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), particularly the use of Internet, to improve company performance. Thus, the efficient implementation of websites is a mechanism that should exploit exporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or with export potential, of the handicrafts industry, to communicate desired company image and optimize customer service, this it has implications who require to be analyzed to make an effective use of the ICTs.
Las empresas actualmente se desenvuelven en entornos complejos, dinámicos e inciertos que hacen difícil competir. Ya que la economía digital cada vez tiene mayor presencia en el mundo de los negocios, entonces, los pequeños empresarios deben diseñar estrategias basadas en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), particularmente el uso de Internet, para mejorar el desempeño de la empresa. Así, la implementación de sitios web eficientes es un mecanismo que deben explotar las PYMES exportadoras o con potencial exportador del sector artesanías para comunicar la imagen deseada de la empresa y optimizar así la atención al cliente; esto tiene implicancias que requieren ser analizadas para hacer un uso eficaz de las TIC.

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Stråle, Johansson Nathalie, and Malin Tjernström. "The Price Volatility of Bitcoin : A search for the drivers affecting the price volatility of this digital currency." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98397.

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Created in 2009, the digital currency of bitcoin is a relatively new phenomenon. During this short period of time, it has however displayed a strong development of both price and trade volume. This has led to increased media attention, but also regulators and researchers have developed an interest. At this moment, the amount of available research is however limited. With a focus on the price volatility of bitcoin and an aim of finding drivers of this volatility, this study is taking a unique position. The research has its basis in the philosophical position of positivism and objectivism. This has shaped the research question as well as the construction of the study. The result is a describing and explaining research with a deductive research approach, a quantitative research method and an archival research strategy. This has in turn stimulated an extensive literature review and information search. Areas of discussion are microstructure theory, the efficient market hypothesis, behavioural finance and informational structures. Due to the limited amount of previous bitcoin research within the area of price volatility, the study has drawn extensively on research performed on more classical assets such as stocks. Nevertheless, when available, bitcoin research has been used as a foundation/reference and an inspiration. Reviews of academic literature and economic theories, as well as public news helped to identify the variables for the empirical study. These variables are; information demand, trade volume, world market index, trend and six specified events, occurring during the chosen sample period and included in the study as dummy variables. The variables are all analysed and included in a GARCH (1,1) model, modified following a similar research by Vlastakis & Markellos (2012) on stocks. This GARCH (1,1) model is then fitted to the bitcoin volatility registered for the sample period and is able thereby able to generate data of if and how the variables affect the bitcoin volatility. The test result suggests that five of the ten variables are significant on a 5 %-level. More specifically it suggests that information demand is a significant variable with a positive influence on the bitcoin volatility, something that corresponds to the literature on information demand and price volatility. This also relates to the events found significant, as they generated bitcoin related information. The significant events of the Cypriot crisis and the failure of the bitcoin exchange MtGox are thus specific examples of how information affects price volatility. Another significant variable is trade volume, which also displays a positive influence on the volatility. The last significant variable turned out to be a constructed positive trend, suggesting that increasing acceptance of bitcoin decreases its volatility.

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Bergdahl, Moa, and Chloé Brazille. "The meeting of generation D and fairtrade companies : A study on the consumption behaviour of young swedish women and their characteristics." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168434.

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Young people, born in the 1990s, are pictured by the society as individuals who are connected and who tend to put their physical moments besides. Only a few studies have been carried out to understand how they feel and why they act as they do. The purpose of this study was to understand the consumption behaviour and the characteristics of a new generation: Generation D, in order to reach them efficiently with fairer market alternatives. This research seeks to address the following questions: 1.Who are the people representing Generation D? 2.What is sustainable, what is fair? 3.How should the relationship between the generation and fair-trade brands look like? We found out, with the help of the empirical findings and the analysis, that a company needs to take into account two main characteristics to target this generation. We noticed that social media have a real impact on the people from this generation. This generation grew up with the development of the technological world; the internet is part of their life. We noticed that social media might influence the self-esteem of this individuals, they tend to compare their life to others. However, social media are one of their main channels of communication. We also found out that the individuals who are part of this generation are looking for meaningful actions. They want to be useful and help our society by protecting the environment or social rights. To be able to reach the people from this generation, companies need to use social media to communicate with them and focus on the understanding of the true feelings of these individuals. They need to establish an honest relationship. This thesis might be valuable for companies who want to target young generations and reach them efficiently. They need to understand the true feelings of their target group and rethink marketing strategies to differentiate themselves from the jungle of competitors. Marketers can also use our synthesis of the theoretical framework and apply it to their segment. Lastly, this study helps in raising awareness regarding the effects of using the internet and regarding the expression of oneself.

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Olwan, Rami M. "Intellectual property and development : theory and practice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54839/1/Rami_Olwan_Thesis.pdf.

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Since the 1960s, many developing countries have introduced IP laws to help them in their social and economic development. Introducing these laws was considered as a civilised act and a precondition of developing countries‘ progress from being =under-developed‘ to becoming =developed‘. In 2004, Brazil and Argentina presented a comprehensive proposal on behalf of developing countries to establish the Development Agenda in the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). They put forward a view that IP laws in their current form are not helping those countries in their development, as is constantly being suggested by developed countries, and that there is a need to rethink the international IP system and the work of WIPO. The research undertaken examines the correlation between IP and social and economic development. It investigates how IP systems in developing countries could work to advance their development, especially in the context of the internet. The research considers the theory and practice of IP and development, and proposes a new IP framework which developing countries could employ to further their social and economic development.

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Aardse, Kent Alexander, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The print artifact in the age of the digital : the writings of Mark Z. Danielewski and Steve Tomasula." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of English, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3069.

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The primacy of the print novel as the main mode for knowledge dissemination and communication is being challenged today by the vast influx and pervasiveness of digital media. Print literature, then, is at potential risk for obsolescence, as digital technology creates new modes of narrative distribution. The novel, therefore, is in the midst of a metamorphosis, having to adapt in order to properly situate itself within the new media ecology. Somewhat paradoxically, the same digital technology that challenges print literature’s primacy is responsible for the novel’s adaption. The changing face of the page creates new novels that reflect the digital in print, through changes in typography, layout, and design. These changes illuminate the need for a material-specific methodology in literary theory, and brings about the death of postmodernism in the new, digital environment. iv
vi, 91 leaves ; 29 cm

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Crovetto, Morales Mary Angela, and Ramírez Lila Zadith Yupanqui. "La transformación digital de la Aduana peruana y sus consecuencias en el proceso de despacho aduanero de importación de las agencias de aduanas de Lima y Callao durante el periodo Julio 2018- Julio 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655468.

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La transformación digital en el ámbito aduanero ha modernizado los procesos en el comercio internacional. En el Perú, la modernización en la aduana inició hace veinte años. Sin embargo, su evolución no ha sido suficiente para alcanzar la competitividad frente a otros mercados. Al primer trimestre del 2020, los procedimientos aduaneros consistían en la presentación física de documentos que ocasionaba pérdidas de tiempo y sobrecostos en los usuarios. Sin embargo, en la etapa de la pandemia Covid-19 se habilitaron algunas plataformas virtuales de manera acelerada para evitar el contacto físico de personas y dar continuidad a las operaciones de comercio exterior. Pese a que han agilizado algunas implementaciones digitales, el Perú aún tiene una brecha digital con respecto a otros países. En ese contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación es comprender los resultados de la transformación digital de la aduana peruana en el proceso de despacho aduanero de importación de las agencias de aduanas de Lima y Callao durante el periodo julio 2018 a julio 2020. La metodología aplicada para el presente estudio es una investigación cualitativa, de teoría fundamentada de corte transversal y alcance exploratorio, la técnica aplicada fue la de recolección de datos con entrevistas semi estructuradas a los diferentes actores involucrados en el comercio exterior peruano. Como resultado, la transformación digital de la aduana ha tenido un impacto positivo en materia de simplificación, agilización, reducción de uso de papel, ahorro de tiempo y costo.
Digital transformation in the customs field has modernized processes in international trade. In Peru, modernization in customs began twenty years ago. However, its evolution has not been sufficient to achieve competitiveness compared to other markets. In the first quarter of 2020, customs procedures consisted of the physical presentation of documents, which caused time losses and cost overruns for users. However, in the stage of the Covid-19 pandemic, some virtual platforms were enabled in an accelerated manner, to avoid physical contact of people and give continuity to foreign trade operations. Although they have sped up some digital implementations, Peru still has a digital divide with respect to other countries. In this context, the objective of this research is to understand the results of the digital transformation of Peruvian customs in the import customs clearance process of the Lima and Callao customs agencies during the period July 2018 to July 2020. The applied methodology for the present study, it is a qualitative investigation, with a grounded theory of cross-section and exploratory scope, the applied technique was that of data collection with semi-structured interviews with the different actors involved in Peruvian foreign trade. As a result, the digital transformation of customs has had a positive impact in terms of simplification, streamlining, reduction of paper use, saving time and cost.
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Babičová, Kristína. "Zhodnocení produktové inovace a jejího vlivu na zahraniční obchod podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414496.

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The diploma thesis focuses on the study of product innovation in a selected Czech company operating on foreign markets. It gradually analyses innovation in the different areas that affect it. The thesis contains an analysis of external and internal factors influencing this product innovation. In the last part of the thesis, there is a proposal for further progress in development and improvement of innovation.

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Neves, Isa Beatriz da Cruz. "Jogos digitais e potencialidades para o ensino de história: um estudo de caso sobre o history game Tríade – liberdade, igualdade e fraternidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11054.

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Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T13:46:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isa Beatriz.pdf: 3718197 bytes, checksum: fcd2c999a8c369e40470c504570b199c (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T19:27:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Isa Beatriz.pdf: 3718197 bytes, checksum: fcd2c999a8c369e40470c504570b199c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T19:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isa Beatriz.pdf: 3718197 bytes, checksum: fcd2c999a8c369e40470c504570b199c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Busquei analisar nessa dissertação os sentidos produzidos por graduandos e docentes de História e de áreas afins, a respeito do history game Tríade: Igualdade, Liberdade e Fraternidade, percebendo se eles após a interação conseguiam identificar potencialidades capazes de mediar o ensino de História. Tive a intenção de responder a questão-problema norteadora dessa pesquisa: Que sentidos são produzidos por graduandos e docentes (de História e de áreas afins) a respeito do jogo Tríade: Igualdade, Liberdade e Fraternidade? Desta forma, procurei também mapear o perfil dos graduandos e dos docentes enquanto jogadores ou não; identificar as concepções conferidas pelos graduandos e docentes a respeito dos jogos digitais; examinar de que maneira graduandos e docentes compreendem os history games: serious e non-serious; e por fim, elaborar uma proposta pedagógica para interação com history games, especialmente, o Tríade. O caminho metodológico adotado para subsidiar a pesquisa foi o Estudo de Caso, devido o recorte empírico e campo simbólico bem determinado, que me deu a oportunidade de realizar uma investigação detalhada do contexto e uma análise intensiva de uma situação particular. Utilizei a abordagem quali-quantitativa por considerá-las complementares, possibilitando tanto a descrição e o olhar analítico sobre dados como a sua mensuração. A pesquisa contou com a participação de dezessete pessoas ao todo, sendo quatorze graduandos (seis de História, sete de Pedagogia e um de Letras) e três docentes (dois de História e um de disciplinas relacionadas à tecnologia e educação no curso de Educação à distância - UNEB). As técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas foram o questionário semi-estruturado com questões abertas e fechadas, a observação não-participante e o grupo focal. Sendo assim, dentre outras coisas, a pesquisa apontou: o crescente interesse do público feminino pela área de jogos digitais, já que houve uma participação maior de mulheres; a pouca procura por parte dos docentes e discentes de História pelo Curso no qual se desenvolveu a pesquisa, supostamente, porque a articulação dos jogos digitais e História ainda não é muito percebida por esse público; os participantes em sua maioria emitiram mais sentidos sobre as características internas (jogabilidade, gameplay, enredo, etc.) do jogo Tríade do que seu potencial pedagógico; o Tríade foi considerado um history game bom, mas que precisa de alguns ajustes para se tornar melhor.
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30

Defilippi, Portal Pamella Francesca, and Tueros Nataly Whinny Espinoza. "El programa Ruta Exportadora en las empresas comercializadoras de envases de bio papel de Lima Perú y su desempeño exportador dentro del periodo 2017-2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655721.

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La Ruta Exportadora es un programa de gestión que mejora el proceso de exportación a través de herramientas que faciliten su desempeño exportador de las empresas que comercializan envases de bio papel (productos elaborados con insumos biodegradables) en el Perú, cumpliendo con la normativa legal, como la Ley Nro. 30884. Con el transcurrir de los años los consumidores han generado nuevos hábitos lo que ocasiona una alta demanda en el uso del bio papel, tornándose cada vez más exigentes en el mercado internacional, (ISO/ITC, 2010). Sin embargo, las exportaciones entre el 2017 al 2019 obtuvo un resultado inestable en las ventas del comercio exterior, por ello, el Estado Peruano ofrece programas como la Ruta Exportadora para que las empresas promuevan sus productos en mercados internacionales (PROMPERÚ, 2020). El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer cuáles son los tópicos de la ruta exportadora que tuvieron mayor éxito en las empresas comercializadoras de envases de bio papel de Lima Perú y su desempeño exportador dentro del periodo 2017-2019, para ello se realizó la recopilación de los antecedentes nacionales e internacionales sobre las variables que se investigaron, las cuales tuvieron un enfoque de análisis cualitativo, dividido en dos fases, primero se reunió la información y segundo se realizó el análisis a través del software Atlas.TI de las 14 entrevistas de profundidad realizadas a las empresas que comercializan envases de bio papel, las categorías analizadas fueron: Ruta exportadora y Desempeño exportador.
The Export Route is a management program that improves the export process through tools that facilitate the export performance of companies that market bio paper containers (products made with biodegradable inputs) in Peru, complying with legal regulations, such as Law No. 30884. Over the years, consumers have generated new habits, which causes a high demand in the use of bio paper, becoming more and more demanding in the international market (ISO / ITC, 2010). However, exports between 2017 and 2019 obtained an unstable result in foreign trade sales, therefore, the Peruvian State offers programs such as the Export Route for companies to promote their products in international markets (PROMPERÚ, 2020). The objective of this research is to know which are the topics of the export route that were most successful in the companies that commercialize bio-paper packaging in Lima Peru and their export performance within the period 2017-2019, for which the compilation of the national and international antecedents on the variables that were investigated, which had a qualitative analysis approach, divided into two phases, first the information was gathered and second the analysis was carried out through the Atlas.TI software of the 14 in-depth interviews carried out To companies that market bio paper packaging, the categories analyzed were: Export route and Export performance.
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Carreira, Sandra Marita de Sousa. "Online marketing internationally: Bizpartner and the parallel cases of Portugal and Greece." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15697.

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Mestrado em Línguas e Relações Empresariais
This report is the result of the curricular internship carried out in Bizpartner, a company from Slovakia, for the Master’s degree in Languages and Business Relations. The objective of this report is to present the activities developed during the internship, as well as a brief study of how Bizpartner internationalizes and the different results obtained from Portugal, Greece and the United Kingdom. There is a contextualization of Slovakia, Bizpartner and Internationalization, followed by the specific cases of Portugal, Greece and the United Kingdom. Finally, there is a reflection on all the work done, attempting to relate the internship with the knowledge acquired during the course.
Este relatório é resultado do estágio curricular realizado na Bizpartner, uma empresa da Eslováquia, para o Mestrado em Línguas e Relações Empresariais. Tem o objetivo de apresentar as atividades realizadas durante o estágio e também um pequeno estudo sobre a internacionalização da Bizpatner e os diferentes resultados obtidos em Portugal, Grécia e Reino Unido. Este relatório é composto por uma contextualização sobre a Eslováquia, Bizpartner e Internacionalização, seguido pelos casos específicos de Portugal, Grécia e Reino Unido. Por último, existe uma reflecção sobre todo o trabalho relacionado durante o estágio com o conhecimento adquirido durante o mesmo.

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Camara, Youssouf. "Four essays on empirical economics in the era of high-frequency data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT016.

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Cette thèse utilise des données de transaction de paiement par carte bancaire dites données à haute fréquence pour identifier les effets causaux d'innovations technologiques et de la pandémie de COVID-19. Le premier chapitre évalue l'impact causal de récentes innovations dans les paiements numériques, et plus particulièrement, la carte de paiement sans contact. Nous montrons que l'adoption de la technologie de paiement sans contact affecte significativement l'activité économique des commerces qui adoptent cette technologie par rapport à ceux qui ne l'adoptent pas à travers notamment des effets d'entrainement. Les effets sont particulièrement marqués pour les petites et les nouveaux commerces, et montrent l'impact réel des innovations technologiques. Le deuxième chapitre explore le rôle de la technologie de paiement sans contact dans l'atténuation de l'impact d'un choc économique tel que celui de la pandémie de COVID-19, et étudie donc la résilience des commerces. Les résultats indiquent que les commerçants disposant de la technologie de paiement sans contact ont mieux résisté aux chocs de la COVID-19 que celles qui ne l'utilisent pas encore. Ce travail fournit une preuve solide que l'acceptation des paiements sans contact pendant un choc épidémique aide les commerçants à acquérir davantage de nouveaux clients. A l'image du premier chapitre, nous soutenons l'idée que la technologie de paiement sans contact continue de soutenir la croissance des ventes des commerces et accélère la substitution entre les paiements numériques et non numériques. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous estimons l'impact de la COVID-19 sur la mobilité et les dépenses des consommateurs. Nous examinons également le rôle du commerce en ligne dans la reprise rapide de l'activité commerciale lorsqu'une économie est frappée par un choc inattendu qui paralyse l'activité des commerces physiques. Nous montrons que les mesures sanitaires visant à limiter la propagation de l'épidémie COVID-19 ont réduit de moitié la mobilité des consommateurs et les dépenses de consommation. En ce qui concerne la baisse des dépenses, nous constatons qu'elle est environ deux fois plus importante que la baisse des dépenses en ligne. Les analyses au niveau sectoriel soulignent le rôle prépondérant du commerce en ligne pour combler les lacunes et rendre l'économie plus résiliente en cas de fermeture totale des points de vente physiques. Le dernier chapitre quant à lui se concentre sur l'analyse du comportement de consommation spatiale et sur l'impact du développement du commerce en ligne sur les liens commerciaux régionaux. Il montre que les transactions en ligne, en plus de se produire plus fréquemment en dehors de la région d'origine du consommateur, sont plus concentrées dans les régions déjà développées. Le développement du commerce en ligne a augmenté la concentration de l'activité économique globale, et peut avoir des implications importantes pour le développement économique régional
This thesis uses card payment transaction data known as high-frequency data to identify the causal effects of technological innovations and the COVID-19 pandemic. The first chapter assesses the causal impact of recent disruptive innovations in digital payments, specifically, the contactless payment card. We show that the introduction of contactless payment technology significantly affects the economic activity of businesses that adopt this technology compared to those that do not, notably through spillover effects. The effects are particularly strong for small and new businesses, and show the real impact of technological innovations. The second chapter explores the role of digital payment technologies in mitigating the impact of shocks through improving business resilience. The results indicate that businesses with the latest digital payment technology were more resilient to COVID-19 shocks than those not yet using it. They also show that accepting contactless payments during an epidemic shock helps businesses acquire more new customers. Like the first chapter, we argue that digital payment technology continues to support sales growth and accelerates the substitution between digital and non-digital payments. In the third chapter, we estimate the impact of COVID-19 on consumer mobility and spending. We also examine the role of online commerce in the rapid recovery of business activity when an economy is hit by an unexpected shock that paralyzes offline activity. We show that public health measures to limit the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic sharply reduced consumer mobility and spending by more than half. Concerning the decline in spending, we find that it is about twice as large as the decline in online spending. Sector-level analyses highlight the key role of online commerce in filling gaps and making the economy more resilient in the event of total off-line retail closure. The last chapter focuses on the analysis of spatial consumption behavior and the impact of online trade development on regional trade linkages. It shows that online transactions, in addition to occurring more frequently outside the consumer's home region, are more concentrated in already developed regions. The development of online commerce has increased the concentration of overall economic activity and may have important implications for regional economic development

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Collomb, Cléo. "Un concept technologique de trace numérique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2286/document.

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Cette thèse entend proposer un concept technologique – c’est-à-dire non-anthropocentré – de trace numérique. Il s’agit de rappeler que l’informatique exigeant des objets et des actes qu’ils passent par l’inscription pour exister, les machines computationnelles sont parties prenantes des processus de production des traces numériques, qu’une « sémiotique technologique » permettrait de décrire. L’enjeu d’un tel concept est de mettre en circulation une narration qui ne soit pas de l’ordre de ces discours de fin de monde décrits par Déborah Danowski et Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Ces discours racontent la vie d’humains réduits à habiter un environnement ontologiquement dévitalisé et artificialisé, comme cela semble être le cas lorsque la valorisation technique et économique des traces numériques débouche sur une « délégation machinique de nos relations » (Louise Merzeau) ou encore sur une « gouvernementalité algorithmique » (Antoinette Rouvroy et Thomas Berns). À partir du moment où il y a des discours de fin de monde cependant, c’est qu’une tentative est à l’œuvre : celle qui consiste à inventer une mythologie adéquate à notre présent, celle qui essaie de dire quelque chose de la fin d’une certaine aventure anthropologique. Et c’est pour participer à cette tentative, tout en cherchant à éviter de contribuer aux discours de fin de monde, qu’une approche technologique des traces numériques à même de faire compter les machines computationnelles est proposée
This Ph.D. thesis aims at proposing a concept that is technological – inother words, not anthropocentric – of digital traces. The point is that since computational processes require objects and actions to take the form of inscriptions as a condition of their existence, computational machines are fundamentally involved in the process of producing digital traces, which a technological semiotics could describe. What is at stake in the concept we propose is to put into circulation a narration which avoids the theme of “the end of the world” described by Déborah Danowski and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. These “end of the world” stories evoke the life of human beings who are reduced to living in an environment that is ontologically devitalized and purely artificial, as it seems to be the case when the technical and economic valorization of digital traces has the end result of “delegating our human relations to machines” (Louise Merzeau) or yet again of leading to “algorithmic governmentality” (Antoinette Rouvroy and Berns). When the theme of “the end of the world” raises its head, it means that an attempt is being made : an attempt to invent a mythology appropriate to our present situation, a narration which tries to say something about the end of a certain anthropological adventure. And it is in order to participate in this venture, but seeking to avoid contributing to the theme of “the end of the world”, that we propose a technological approach to digital traces, enabling us to take into account computational machines as a part of the contemporary world

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Marinova, Yona Georgieva. "Bufurcation [sic] of parallel trade in the European Community /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted access until May 22, 2014, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25821.

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Bergkvist, Charlie. "Tools of the Trade : En granskning av sambandet mellan grafisk design & Adobes digitala verktyg." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79505.

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This bachelor thesis project treats the relationshipbetween graphic design and the digital tools and software offered by Adobe. The first part of the paper presents an investigation which through interviews, survey and examination observe the spread of Adobes tools and programs, as well as attitudes around them and relevant competencies for graphic designers. The second part of the paper takes these results and put them in context with counterculture, deconstruction, underdog-topdog as well as theories and strategies about motivation and creativity. These results and contexts are then brought forward to motivate an artefact in the shape of a magazine which emphasizes these valued competencies within graphic design, as well as strengthening a norm-critical approach to the toolkit of students and beginners within graphic design. The artefact and bachelor thesis project is aimed towards beginners and students within graphic design as the target group. This bachelor thesis project aims towards gaining an insight into whether or not there is a norm within graphic design and the tools and programs of Adobe and how one can counteract the attitudes that exist around it.
Detta examensarbete behandlar relationen mellan grafisk design och Adobes digitala verktyg och program. Den första delen av arbetet innehåller en undersökning som genom intervjuer, enkät och undersökningar observerar spridningen av Adobes digitala verktyg samt även attityder kring dem och attityder kring relevanta kompetenser för grafiska designers. Den andra delen tar dessa resultat och sätter dem i ett samband tillsammans med counterculture, dekonstruktion, underdog - topdog samt teorier och strategier kring motivation och kreativitet. Dessa resultat och samband tas sedan vidare för att motivera en artefakt, ett magasin som lyfter värderade kompetenser inom grafisk design samt för att stärka ett normkritiskt förhållningssätt till nybörjares och studenters verktygslåda. Artefakten och examensarbetet är riktade till nybörjare och studenter inom grafisk design och examensarbetet ämnar att komma till förståelse ifall det finns en Adobe-norm och hur man kan bearbetade attityder som existerar kring detta.

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Fontanelli, Luca. "Essais sur la dynamique industrielle et le commerce international." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ0027.

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Cette thèse présente de nouveaux résultats théoriques et empiriques sur les propriétés de la dynamique des entreprises, de l'industrie et du commerce international, et vise à répondre à une série de questions de recherche liées à l'explication de l'hétérogénéité des entreprises dans le contexte de l'apprentissage et de la sélection imparfaite des entreprises.Premièrement, nous proposons une enquête de la littérature sur les mécanismes de sélection de marchés. Nous regroupons les travaux de recherche sur ce thème en trois paradigmes théoriques, que nous concilions en termes de lois de sélection. Nous montrons que les trois paradigmes ont convergé vers des mécanismes de sélection fondé sur l'hétérogénéité des entreprises et sur les rendements croissants, qui reposent cependant sur des théories qui diffèrent en termes de sources de rendements croissants, de mécanismes de génération d'hétérogénéité des entreprises, de rationalité des entreprises, et pour l'accent mis sur les états d'équilibre vis-à-vis de la dynamique hors équilibre.Deuxièmement, nous construisons un modèle de commerce international à deux pays avec des entreprises hétérogènes pour étudier les effets que l'apprentissage technologique des entreprises et la sélection imparfaite des marchés exercent sur les flux d'exportation, les parts de marché et les productivités des entreprises. Dans ce modèle nous faisons l'hypothèse que la selection de marché dans chaque pays est guidée par un processus d'urnes de Pólya fini, qui incorpore des rendements croissants dynamiques au niveau de l'entreprise. Nous montrons que, en présence d'une distribution statique de la productivité des entreprises, le processus de sélection du marché conduit au monopole. Lorsque que l'apprentissage de l'entreprise est inclus dans le modèle, les marchés convergent vers des structures non monopolistiques, dont le degré de concurrence dépend de l'ouverture commerciale et de l'intensité de la sélection. Enfin, nous montrons que notre modèle est capable de reproduire conjointement un large ensemble de faits stylisés concernant les flux d'exportation intra-industriels, l'industrie et la dynamique des entreprises. De plus, nous montrons que une augmentation de l'intensité de la competition sur les marchés internationaux augmente la concentration et la volatilité.Troisièmement, nous étudions la relation entre la volatilité des taux de croissance et la taille des entreprises et ses déterminants en utilisant une base de données sur les entreprises manufacturières françaises entre 1993 et 2009. Nous montrons que cette rélation, au niveau agrégé et sectoriel, s'écarte de l'approximation linéaire trouvée dans les études empiriques précédentes. Elle est en effet en forme de J, très raide pour les petites entreprises et plate pour les grandes. Ensuite, nous expliquons ce nouveau résultat empirique à l'aide d'un un modèle de sélection imparfaite axé sur la concurrence des entreprises sur la base de la taille et de la productivité.Enfin, nous étudions les caractéristiques des entreprises qui utilisent l'intelligence artificielle (IA) et le lien entre l'utilisation de l'IA et la productivité à l'aide d'une étude empirique reposant sur une base de données des entreprises françaises en 2018. Nos resultats montrent que les utilisateurs de l'IA ont tendance à être plus grands et plus jeunes que les non-utilisateurs. De plus, l'utilisation de l'IA est positivement liée à plusieurs facteurs complémentaires, comme le capital humain ou la présence d'infrastructures et technologies numériques. Ensuite, nous montrons que les utilisateurs d'IA avec la plus grande taille sont plus productifs, mais que cet advantage est lié à la selection dans d'utilisation de l'IA. Cependant, nous trouvons un lien positif entre l'IA et la productivité pour les développeurs d'IA qui s'étend au-delà de la sélection, en particulier lorsque la croissance de la productivité sur une période suffisamment longue est prise en compte
This dissertation presents new theoretical and empirical evidence on the properties of firms' and industry dynamics and international trade. In particular, this thesis aims at answering a series research questions linked to the explanation of firms' heterogeneity in the context of the most recent findings related to both firms' learning and imperfect selection.First, we provide a survey of the main mechanisms of market selection used in economics. We gather them in three theoretical paradigms, that we try to reconcile in terms of underlying laws of selection. We show that the three paradigms have been converging to selection mechanisms focussing on firm heterogeneity and increasing returns, that are however fostered by theories which differ in terms of sources of increasing returns, generating mechanisms of firm heterogeneity, firm rationality and emphasis on equilibrium states vis-á-vis out-of-equilibrium dynamics. Our discussion suggests that the convergence between the theoretical paradigms is taking place in the direction of research, which is aimed at the replication of empirical patterns related to firm heterogeneity, rather than in the theory underlying selection mechanisms.Second, we build a simple international trade two-country model of competition among heterogeneous firms to study the effects that firm learning and imperfect market selection exert on export flows, market shares and firm productivities. Market selection in each country is driven by a finite pairwise Pólya urn process, which embodies dynamic increasing returns at the firm level. In presence of a static distribution of firm productivity, the market selection process leads to a monopoly. When firm learning is included in the model, markets converge to non-monopolistic structures, whose degree of competition depends on trade openness and selection intensity. Finally, we show that our simple stochastic model with firm learning and imperfect selection is able to jointly reproduce a wide ensemble of stylized facts concerning intra-industry trade, industry and firm dynamics. In addition, we show that trade activities increase concentration and volatility.Third, we investigate the firm growth rates volatility-size relation and its determinants in a comprehensive dataset of French manufacturing firms between 1993 and 2009. Differently from previous contributions, we study the relation using sales data for firms at both the aggregate and sectoral level. First, we show that the relation deviates from the linear approximation found in previous studies. It is indeed J-shaped, very steep for small firms and flat for large ones. Second, we explain this new empirical finding via a tractable model of imperfect selection encompassing firms competing on the basis of both size and productivity. Our contribution suggests that large firms are Gibrat's and that the empirical shape of the firms' growth rates variance-size relation can be explained by imperfect selection mechanisms whose outcomes are mediated by both the strength of shares reallocation and firms' joint heterogeneity in size and productivity.Finally, we investigate the characteristics of firms using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the link between AI use and productivity in a comprehensive database of French firms in 2018. We find that AI users tend to be larger and younger than non-users. AI use is positively related to several complementary assets, including digital infrastructure, complementary digital technologies, and human capital. Focussing on the AI-productivity nexus, we show that the largest AI users are more productive, but that this premium is related to their selection into AI use. When we consider either all AI users or AI buyers, no average relationship between AI and productivity growth could be retrieved. However, we find a positive AI-productivity link for AI developers, especially when productivity growth over a sufficiently long time period is considered

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Gomes, André Barboza Maciel. "Ômega Assimétrica: Uma nova rede de interconexão para depuração pós-silício." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7264.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
lguns erros só acontecem quando o circuito é executado em sua velocidade real, assim, projetistas utilizam técnicas de depuração pós- silício para monitorar o circuito e capturar erros que ocorrem somente depois de milhões de ciclos de clock. Esse processo se tornou essencial e consome em média 35% do tempo de ciclo de desenvolvimento de um Circuito Integrado Digital. Na depuração pós-silício a limitação de observabilidade é um problema desafiador, e para identificar a causa de um erro o projetista inclui uma infraestrutura para depuração. Na técnica Trace Buffer alguns valores de sinais são armazenadas em uma memória de rastreamento, extraídos e analisados. O tamanho da memória de rastreamento restringe o número de sinais que podem ser analisados. A escolha do conjunto de sinais é essencial, porém é realizada antes mesmo de qualquer identificação de erro no projeto. Para possibilitar o monitoramento de diversos conjuntos de sinais, na indústria é utilizado uma rede de interconexão com- posto por multiplexadores encadeados (Mux Tree), que permite o projetista monitorar um subconjunto de todos os sinais que podem ser explorados. A arquitetura dessa rede não permite a seleção de qualquer conjunto de sinais, uma vez que sinais que passam pelos mesmos multiplexadores não podem ser monitorados juntos. Nesse trabalho é proposto uma nova rede de interconexão baseada na tradicional rede Ômega. A rede proposta pode ser utilizada como um dispositivo de interconexão para conectar os sinais monitorados à memória de rastreamento. Nesse trabalho é demonstrado que a rede Ômega assimétrica proposta pode reduzir em 4,5 vezes a taxa de bloqueio, ao custo de aumentar em 21% a área, se comparado à rede de Mux Tree. A rede Ômega assimétrica pode ser gerada utilizando a ferramenta proposta nesse trabalho, Vericonn, que também é capaz de gerar em Verilog outras redes assimétricas como: Redes Mux Tree, Clos e Crossbars.
Current pre-silicon verification techniques can not guarantee error free designs for complex integrated circuits during their first fabrication. Some errors are only uncovered when the device is running at full clock speed, thus, designers use post-silicon debug techniques to monitor the device, capturing errors that occur only after millions of clock cycles. This process has become essential and on average consumes 35% of the Digital Integrated Circuit development cycle. Observability limitation is a challenging problem in post-silicon debug, so to identify the root cause of an error, designers include an infrastructure for debug. In Trace Buffer technique, some signal values are stored in a Trace Buffer memory, dumped, and then analyzed. The Trace Buffer memory size limits the number of signals that can be analyzed. Choosing the signal set is an essential step, but it must be done prior to the identification of any design errors. To enable the monitoring of many sets of signals, industry uses an interconnection network composed by pipelined multiplexers (Mux Trees) that allows designers to monitor a signal subset from all tapped signals. The architecture of this network does not allow any signal subset because signals passing through the same multiplexers can not be monitored together. In this work, we propose a novel asymmetric network, based on the traditional Omega Network. We propose to use this network as an interconnection fabric to connect the monitored signals to the trace buffer. We demonstrate that our Asymmetric Omega Network is 4.5 times more effective reducing the blocking rate at the cost of 21% area overhead compared to Mux Trees. The proposed network can be generated with our tool, Vericonn, which is also capable to create others asymmetric networks like: Mux Trees, Clos Networks and Crossbars in Verilog HDL.

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Nimpongsak, Rachadapon. "Thai petroleum concession contract proposal for revision /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until March 27, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25981.

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Schneider, Markus. "Logistikplanung in der Automobilindustrie : Konzeption eines Instruments zur Unterstützung der taktischen Logistikplanung vor "Start-of-Production" im Rahmen der Digitalen Fabrik /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016685622&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Pérez, Rosillo Taïma Del Carmen. "Un modèle dédié à la conception et l’analyse de ressources numériques visant leur appropriation par les élèves." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN016/document.

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Au sein du projet Tactiléo, nous considérons que l’appropriation d’une ressource numérique peut être évaluée sachant que « conception » et « usage » sont des processus itératifs. Nous proposons un modèle de conception et analyse d’usages de ressources numériques basé sur trois axes théoriques : la Théorie des Situations Didactiques (Brousseau, 1998) La Théorie de la Genèse Instrumentale (Rabardel, 1995) Et la Théorie de l’Activité (Leontiev, 1978 ; Vygotsky, 1978 ; Amigues, 2013). Nous avons construit une méthodologie pour évaluer l’appropriation de ressources numériques nous interrogeant : comment l’appropriation d’une ressource numérique peut-elle être évaluée lors de son usage ? Comment les résultats de l’évaluation de l’appropriation d’une ressource numérique peuvent-ils contribuer à sa réingénierie ? Et comment concevoir et utiliser un modèle de conception et d’analyse de ressources numériques basé sur l’appropriation ? Nous avons menées une étude exploratoire pour l’analyse d’une simulation en physique au collège ; l’analyse des réponses à un questionnaire par cinq équipes de concepteurs pour identifier les tâches qu’il est possible de prescrire à partir de la mise à profit des fonctionnalités techniques de la tablette ; une étude exploratoire de l’usage d’un jeu de cartes en tant qu’outil d’appui à la conception des situations d’apprentissage instrumentées par la tablette ; une analyse a priori du jeu Mets-toi à table ! (MTAT) pour identifier ses actions, activités et stratégies ; l’évaluation de l’appropriation du jeu MTAT par une classe (trace numérique d’interaction)
Within the Tactiléo project, we consider that the appropriation of a digital resource can be evaluated knowing that "design" and "use" are iterative processes. We propose a model of design and analysis of the uses of numerical resources based on three theoretical axes: The Theory of Didactic Situations (Brousseau, 1998) The Theory of Instrumental Genesis (Rabardel, 1995) and Theory of Activity, 1978, Vygotsky, 1978, Amigues, 2013). We constructed a methodology to evaluate the appropriation of digital resources interrogating us: how can the appropriation of a digital resource be evaluated during it is use? How can the results of the evaluation of the appropriation of a digital resource contribute to re-engineering it? And how to design and use a model of design and analysis of digital resources based on appropriation? We conducted an exploratory study for the analysis of a simulation in physics class at the college; The analysis of the answers to a questionnaire by five teams of designers to identify the tasks that can be prescribed from the use of the technical features of the tablet; An exploratory study of the use of a deck of cards as a tool to support the design of learning situations instrumented by the tablet; A priori analysis of the game Put yourself at the table! (MTAT) to identify its actions, activities and strategies; The evaluation of the appropriation of the MTAT game by a class (digital trace of interaction)

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Xiong, Botao [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hofmann, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hollstein. "Digitally assisted analog electronics: trade-offs and applications on mixed signal and RF front-ends / Botao Xiong ; Klaus Hofmann, Thomas Hollstein." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1135386056/34.

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Henno, Jacques. "Construire notre éternité ? : pourquoi laisser des traces numériques ?" Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20001.

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Pourquoi les utilisateurs du numérique laissent-ils des traces alors qu’ils savent que ces informations peuvent-être utilisées pour évaluer et d'influencer leurs comportements ? D’un point de vue théorique, nous avons considéré les traces comme des instruments transitionnels, porteurs de ce que le sujet y projette mais aussi des schèmes qu’il mobilise. Après avoir questionné les concepts de trace et de double, nous sommes parvenus à une triple conclusion. Tout d’abord, les traces possèdent plusieurs caractéristiques du sacré : ainsi, l’utilisation des traces qui peut être faite à des fins oraculaires relève du sacré ; ensuite la trace numérique peut être perçue comme un contrat de conservation entre un internaute et une ou plusieurs plateformes de publication : certaines plateformes Internet, jouent désormais sur ce registre de conservation et le mettent en avant dans leur communication avec leurs abonnés ; enfin, le double n'existe pas, mais nous fait ressentir ce qui n’est pas. Nous avons donc émis l’hypothèse qu’un certain nombre d’internautes, de façon plus ou moins consciente, semblent s'inscrire dans une présence sur le Web pour viser une certaine dimension de permanence, y compris au-delà de leur propre existence. Pour valider cette hypothèse, nous avons interviewé des utilisateurs d’un réseau social numérique (RSN). Ces entretiens montrent que ce RSN est perçu comme un outil permettant de gérer les "distances", y compris notre distance à la mort. Notre hypothèse nous semblant confirmée, nous nous sommes demandé si la promesse d’éternité que formulent certains RSN pouvait constituer une des raisons de commettre un acte radical
Why do digital users leave traces when they know that this information can be used to assess and influence their behavior ? From a theoretical point of view, we have considered traces as transitional instruments, carrying what the subject projects into them but also the patterns that he mobilizes. After having questioned the concepts of trace and double, we came to a threefold conclusion. First of all, the traces have several characteristics of the sacred : thus, the use of the traces which can be made for oracular purposes relates to the sacred ; then the digital trace can be perceived as a conservation contract between an Internet user and one or more publication platforms : certain Internet platforms now play on this conservation register and highlight it, explicitly or not, in their communication with their subscribers ; finally, the double does not exist but makes us feel what is not. We therefore hypothesized that a certain number of Internet users, more or less consciously, seem to register on the Web to aim for a certain dimension of permanence, including beyond their own existence. To validate this hypothesis, we interviewed users of a social networking service (SNS). These interviews show that this SNS is seen as a tool for managing "distances", including our distance to death. As our hypothesis seemed to be confirmed, we wondered if the promise of eternity formulated by certain SNSs could constitute one of the reasons for committing a radical act

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Andersson, Annie, Kornelia Pranjko, and Torstensson Amanda Olsson. ""Det är ju kunderna som bestämmer" : En kvalitativ fallstudie på livsmedelshandeln och dess digitala utveckling av försäljningskanaler." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86295.

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Digitaliseringen är den faktor som präglat hela detaljhandeln framåt och utvecklat nya försäljningskanaler. Av studiens resultat har framkommit att digitaliseringen ihop med kundens roll haft den största påverkan på hur försäljningskanalerna utvecklats. Studien har även påvisat viss problematik kring hur fysiska resurser på bästa sätt optimeras då branschen i framtiden tros bli allt mer digitaliserad och robotiserad. Idag strävar livsmedelsföretag att på bästa sätt kunna tillfredsställa kunders behov, vilket tagit dem fram till utvecklingen som skett. Företag kommer även i framtiden arbeta för att tillmötesgå och uppfylla ett unikt kundvärde. Resultatet påvisar att faktorer som tidsbesparing, effektivisering, integrering av försäljningskanaler samt robotisering är nödvändiga för en utveckling som ligger i framkant.
Purpose and research question The purpose of the study is to investigate the change of various sales channels and the customer’s role in the retail sector and how representatives from companies believe that sales channels may develop in the future. With this as a starting point, four research questions have been developed with a focus on the grocery trade. 1. In what ways are sales channels considered? 2. What different types of customer values characterize the company’s work? 3. How is the customer’s role affected depending on the different sales channels? 4. How do representatives of the trade and consultants in the field consider sales channels may develop in the future? Method This thesis is based on this case study of qualitative method in the Swedish grocery trade. The foundation consists of a deductive approach with elements of induction aspects. Empirical data consists of eight semi-structured interviews, after which the respondents are representatives in both retail and grocery trade. Conclusion Digitization is the factor that has characterized the entire retail trade forward and developed new sales channels. The study's result revealed that the digitization together with the customer's role had the greatest impact on how the sales channels have developed. The study has also shown some problems with how ineffectively physical resources are utilized. Due to that the industry is believed to be increasingly digitized in the future. The grocery trade strives it’s best to satisfy the needs of the customer. This yearning has led to futher development. The results show that factors such as time optimization, increased focus on efficiency, and strengthening the integration of sales channels are necessary for the development of the industry. In the future companies will work to not only understand but meet a unique costumer need.

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Kim, Ju-Young. "L'objet ancien dans sa forme et son essence : entre passé et modernité, familiarité et étrangeté." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H322.

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Un objet ancien dont on ne se sert plus aujourd’hui continue cependant de vivre dans notre vie contemporaine. Il se présente à nous avec un autre fonctionnement et souvent avec une autre définition : ce n’est plus l’objet utile ni l’outil pratique qu’il a été. Dans cette thèse, la valeur de l’objet ancien est étudiée dans sa dimension immatérielle et spirituelle. Ainsi nous renouvellerons sa définition en réfléchissant sur son essence et sa forme d’un point du vue contemporain. La première partie de cette thèse présente les concepts de la valeur de l’objet ancien de nos jours sous un angle sociologique. Ensuite, nous proposons une approche du concept de l’objet ancien comme une chose mi-humaine mi-objet. Puisqu’un objet ancien d’une autre époque possède toujours en lui cette vie de l’époque révolue, est-ce que cet objet peut vivre comme s’il était une chose animée ? Dans la seconde partie, nous avons recherché quelles caractéristiques pouvaient donner à l’objet ancien cette sensation de vie humaine ? Peut-être tout d’abord les traces des gens qui se sont accumulées sur lui visiblement et invisiblement ? La notion coréenne de « sonté » nous a permis de traduire et d’exprimer ces traces visibles et invisibles sur l’objet ancien. Dans la dernière partie, l’objet ancien est étudié dans le domaine de l’art contemporain. Les artistes contemporains voient l’objet ancien comme un nouvel objet et lui donne une autre forme et une autre essence qui, bien souvent, est une allégorie de la destinée humaine
An ancient object that is no longer in use today continues however to survive in our contemporary life. It is presented to us with another function and often with another definition: it is no longer the useful object nor the practical tool that it used to be. In this dissertation, the value of the ancient object is studied in its immaterial and spiritual dimensions. We will thus renew its definition by reflecting on its essence and form from a contemporary viewpoint. The first part of the dissertation presents the concepts around the value of the ancient object in our time from a sociological angle. Next, we propose an approach to the concept of the ancient object as half-human and half-object. Since an ancient object from another era always keeps within itself its life in the period gone by, could this object exist as if it were an animated entity? In the second part, we have sought what characteristics could offer the ancient object this sensation of human life. Perhaps, first of all, the traces of people that it has accumulated visibly and invisibly? The Korean notion of “sonté” allows us to translate and express these visible and invisible traces on the ancient object. In the last part, the ancient object is studied in the field of contemporary art. Contemporary artists see the ancient object as a new object and give it another form and another essence which often is an allegory of human destiny

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Fenton-Douglas, Joyce. "From hand craft to digital technology : a practice-based material culture analysis of the historical and contemporary ancillary trades of the London élite fashion industry." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/8922/.

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The ancillary trades of the London based élite fashion industry are the focus of this practice-based research, which is founded in material culture studies. Hitherto these trades have not been the subject of any in depth scholarly work, and therefore this thesis seeks to make a contribution to knowledge by assessing and documenting their historical and contemporary application and significance; by examining and assessing the potential of laser technology to those trades that are concerned with embellishment; and by developing and applying a material culture framework to the execution and analysis of practice. The ancillary trades serve the material production of luxury fashion through the small scale, bespoke manufacturing of items such as artificial flowers and buttons; and the provision of specialist finishes such as bead-work, embroidery and pleating. These trades have developed little over the last century or more and most still involve varying degrees of skilled hand-making processes; but while their French counterparts are widely recognised as crafts, they remain an entity to which scant attention has been paid in assessments of either élite British fashion or of the crafts in Britain. Through a series of material culture analyses this research critically evaluates these trades, examining their contribution to the necessary distinction of historical and contemporary élite fashionable dress, and investigating the making practices and wider circumstances of key trades and practitioners. The contextual research not only situates the empirical practice-based case study in the field of interest but also is significant in informing the aesthetics and techniques invoked in practice. The potential of laser technology is investigated in the production of items of embellishment, alternatives to the more ubiquitous sequins, beads and faux jewels. Presented and critically evaluated within the thesis, the outcomes, a series of embellished textile proposals for the élite fashion industry, are hybrids of industrial process and hand-making techniques. Artefacts are central to this research. The interdisciplinary material culture theory and method of Jules David Prown, foregrounding the artefact as a repository of information, has been adopted for the contextual research and further developed in relation to the analysis of the objects that inform practice, while the outcomes of practice serve as material mnemonics in the retrieval of the intimacies of the making process. Referring to a range of associated literature, archival research and interview findings, the outcomes of the ancillary trades and of practice are examined in the aesthetic, cultural, technological, and socio-economic circumstances of their production and consumption.

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Filho, Rubens Araujo Menezes de Souza. "Os donos das ideias: história e conflitos do direito autoral, do copyright e das patentes na crise contemporânea do capital: da rodada Uruguai (1986) aos partidos piratas (2006)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-12122014-184858/.

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Com a análise histórica da chamada propriedade intelectual, em especial das patentes, copyright e direitos autorais, esta tese trata da crise do capitalismo contemporâneo, e analisa a tendência dissimulada de ascensão de Estados, que com o uso da tecnologia informática e o recrudescimento das legislações, se tornam cada vez mais autoritários e avançam sobre direitos e liberdades civis. Para isso é reconstituída a história dos computadores, da Internet, do Movimento do Software Livre, dos Partidos Piratas, do movimento do Software Livre no Brasil, das legislações de propriedade intelectual no mundo ocidental e da globalização do comércio e das finanças
Through the historical analysis of the \"intellectual property\", in particular patents, copyright and authors rights, this thesis deals with the crisis of contemporary capitalism, and analyzes the covert increasing trend of states, that with the use of computer technology and the intensification of laws, become increasingly authoritarian, eroding civil rights and liberties secured by populations long ago. To reach this objective the history of computers, the Internet, the Free Software Movement, the Pirate Parties, the Free Software movement in Brazil, the intellectual property laws in the Western world and the globalization of trade and finance are reconstituted

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Barhoumi, Zaara. "Etude de l’usage du stylo numérique en recherche en sciences de l’éducation : traitement et représentation des données temps issues de la trace d’écriture avec un stylo numérique." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0015/document.

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La technologie de numérisation des données manuscrites a atteint son essor après l’invention du stylo numérique. Les recherches se sont concentrées alors sur le développement des applications IHM qui facilitent la manipulation des données encre numérique. Dans un contexte de recherche, la technologie du papier et stylo numériques s’avère utile pour la collecte des données expérimentales dans différents domaines. Notre but est de fournir une aide pour le traitement et la visualisation des données, notamment les données temps, recueillies avec un stylo numérique dans deux cas d’usage en sciences de l’éducation à savoir les tests d’évaluation et la prise de notes d’observation. Notre démarche consiste à étudier ces cas d’usage en terme de besoin dans quatre expériences concrètes et à développer, en participation avec l’utilisateur, des prototypes de système de traitement et de visualisation des données. Dans le but de concevoir un modèle général de tel système, nous avons analysé l’interface d’utilisation des prototypes en terme de fonctionnalités, de visualisation et d’interaction. Notre modèle décrit le processus de visualisation en mettant en œuvre trois types de tâches d’utilisateur à savoir les tâches d’analyses, les tâches de manipulation et les tâches d’interaction
Scanning technology for handwritten data has reached its momentum after the invention of the digital pen. Research work focused on the development of HMI applications that facilitate digital ink data manipulation. In a research context, digital pen and paper technology is useful for collecting experimental data in various fields. Our goal is to provide support for the processing and the visualization of time stamped data collected by a digital pen in two cases of use : on one hand, in the educational science field, and especially for assessment tests and, on another hand, for taking observation notes. Our approach is to study these cases of use through four concrete experiences and to develop, with the participation of the user, prototypes for a system that aid to process and to visualize collected data. In order to abstract a general model of such a system, we analyzed prototypes user interfaces in terms of functionality, visualization and interaction. Our model describes the visualization process by implementing three types of user tasks namely analytic tasks, handling tasks and interaction tasks

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Yahiaoui, Leila. "Redocumentation des traces d’utilisation d’un environnement informatique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10140.

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Cette thèse d'ingénierie des connaissances a pour objet la redocumentation de l'activité médiée informatiquement à base de fichiers traces. Au cours d’un tel processus, un utilisateur interprète et réécrit les traces dans un nouveau document, qui correspond à un genre particulier et décrit l'activité dans toute sa richesse ; il a notamment la possibilité de reformuler le contenu des traces, de l'enrichir avec d'autres informations (justification ou informations sur le contexte), de supprimer des parties, etc. Il s’agit ainsi de renforcer le statut documentaire des traces selon les trois dimensions de la lisibilité, de l’intelligibilité et de l’échange. Nous proposons une approche générique semi-automatique qui combine le contenu de traces de l’activité et les connaissances des utilisateurs dans des formes narratives, facilement échangeables, décrivant l’activité de façon personnalisée pour les utilisateurs. Celle-ci utilise des modèles formels pour les traces et les documents produits, ainsi que les principes de la théorie de la structure rhétorique (RST). Elle soutient la redocumentation à travers deux phases : une phase automatique pour générer un document initial fragmenté à partir de la trace d'activité comme une première description pour celle-ci et une phase interactive pour personnaliser cette description selon les besoins et les choix d'un utilisateur afin de produire un document. Nous proposons également la spécification de cette approche pour le cas particulier de la redocumentation par le texte et nous présentons ActRedoc, un outil auteur que nous avons développé pour implémenter cette approche spécifique en utilisant différentes technologies du Web Sémantique. Les résultats de notre travail ont été testés dans un environnement réel qui est celui de la redocumentation des traces de navigation dans un site d’archives de journaux du XIXème développé par la bibliothèque municipale de Lyon. Nous présentons ainsi les résultats d'une première évaluation de l'approche de redocumentation en texte et de l'outil ActRedoc auprès d'un groupe d'utilisateurs
This thesis is situated within the framework of knowledge engineering; it is particularly interested in the redocumentation of the computermediated activity from traces files. We suppose that during such a process, a user interprets and rewrites traces in a new document that corresponds to a particular genre and describes the traced activity in détails ; all this via the possibility to rewrite traces content, to enrich this content with other information (justifications or information on the context), to delete parts from it, etc. Therefore, we strengthen the documentary status of traces according to the three dimensions of legibility, comprehensibility and exchange. For implementing such a process, we propose a generic semi-automatic approach which combines the content of activity traces with users knowledge in narrative forms, easily exchangeable, to describe the traced activity in a personalized way for users. This Approach uses formal models for traces and documents (produced), as well as principles of the rhetorical structure theory (RST). It supports the redocumentation process through two phases: an automatic phase to generate an initial fragmented document from traces as a first description of the activity and an interactive phase to personalize this description according to the user needs and choices so that to produce an easily exchangeable document. We also propose a specification of this approach for the particular case of redocumentation by text and we present ActRedoc, an authoring tool that we developed by using different technologies of the Semantic Web in order to implement this specific approach. The results of our work were tested in a real environment which concerns redocumenting the activity of browsing a site of archives of newspapers of the XIXth century developed by the municipal library of Lyon. Thus, we present a first evaluation of the approach of redocumentation by text and of the authoring tool ActRedoc by a group of users

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PUGLIESI, FABIO. "Caracterização do polímero durolon como detector de traços nucleares de estado sólido." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11674.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Swaenepoel, Cathy. "Chiffres des nombres premiers et d'autres suites remarquables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0161/document.

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Dans ce travail, nous étudions la répartition des chiffres des nombres premiers. Bourgain (2015) a obtenu une formule asymptotique pour le nombre de nombres premiers avec une proportion$c > 0$ de chiffres préassignés en base 2 ($c$ est une constante absolue non précisée).Nous généralisons ce résultat à toute base $g \geq 2$ et nousdonnons des valeurs explicites pour la proportion $c$ en fonction de $g$. En adaptant, développant et précisant la stratégie introduite par Bourgain dans le cas $g=2$, nous présentons une démonstration détaillée du cas général.La preuve est fondée sur la méthode du cercle et combine des techniques d’analyse harmonique avec des résultats sur les zéros des fonctions $L$ de Dirichlet, notamment une région sans zérotrès fine due à Iwaniec.Ce travail s'inscrit aussi dans l'étude des nombres premiers dans des ensembles << rares >>.Nous étudions également la répartition des << chiffres >> (au sens de Dartyge et S\'ark\"ozy) de quelques suites remarquables dans le contexte des corps finis. Ce concept de << chiffre >> est à la base de la représentation des corps finis dans les logiciels de calcul formel.Nous étudions des suites variées comme les suites polynomiales, les générateurs ou encore les produits d'éléments de deux ensembles assez grands. Les méthodes développées permettent d'obtenir des estimations explicites très précises voire optimales dans certains cas. Les sommes d'exponentielles sur les corps finis jouent un rôle essentiel dans les démonstrations.Les résultats obtenus peuvent être reformulés d'un point de vue plus algébrique avec la fonction trace qui est très importante dans l'étude des corps finis
In this work, we study the distribution of prime numbers' digits. Bourgain (2015) obtained an asymptotic formula for the number of prime numbers with a proportion $c > 0$ of preassigned digits in base 2 ($c$ is an absolute constant not specified). We generalize this result in any base $g \geq 2$ and we provide explicit admissible values for the proportion $c$ depending on $g$.By adapting, developing and refining Bourgain's strategy in the case $g=2$, we present a detailed proof for the general case.The proof is based onthe circle method and combines techniques from harmonic analysis together with results onzeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions, notably a very sharp zero-free region due to Iwaniec.This work also falls within the study of prime numbers in sparse ``sets''.In addition, we study the distribution of the ``digits'' (in the sense of Dartyge and S\'ark\"ozy) of some sequences of interest in the context of finite fields. This concept of ``digits'' is fundamental in the representation of finite fields in computer algebra systems. We study various sequences such as polynomial sequences, generators as well as products of elements of two large enough sets.Our methods provide very sharp explicit estimates which are even optimal in some cases.Exponential sums over finite fields play an essential role in the proofs.Our results can be reformulated from a more algebraic point of view with the trace function which is of basic importance in the study of finite fields

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Digital trade'

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