Academic literature on the topic 'Digital time constant regulator'
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Journal articles on the topic "Digital time constant regulator"
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Piskarev, Dmitrii Mikhailovich. "Risk management of digital financial market participants through the improved concept of a digital experimental environment (regulatory sandbox)." Финансы и управление, no. 4 (April 2022): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7802.2022.4.34336.
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The subject of the study is the methods of risk management of participants in the digital financial market. The instrument of the financial market regulator "regulatory sandbox" is currently being actively used or is being prepared for use in developed and developing countries, including the Russian Federation. The digital experimental environment – the author's interpretation of the regulatory sandbox – allows for live, time-limited testing of an innovative financial product or service under constant supervision and in cooperation with the regulator, allowing to reduce the risks not only of the regulator and other participants in the digital financial market, but also of end users of the service, increasing the safety and reliability of the latter. The main conclusions of the study are, firstly, the formation of an improved concept of the regulatory instrument of the financial regulator - a digital experimental environment, which is based on the best practices of the introduction and use of such regulatory instruments by regulators of foreign countries. Within the framework of the concept, the author presents the principles of the organization of the digital experimental environment, goals and objectives, risks, principles of organization, statistics on the timing of the application for participation and the experiment. Secondly, the identification of alternative methods to the regulatory sandbox, including the wait-and-see method and active monitoring. Thirdly, the risks of the regulator arising from the digital transformation of the financial market have been identified.
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Cheng, Kuang-Yao, Shuilin Tian, Feng Yu, Fred C. Lee, and Paolo Mattavelli. "Digital Hybrid Ripple-Based Constant On-Time Control for Voltage Regulator Modules." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29, no. 6 (June 2014): 3132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2272015.
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Woolard*, Derek D., Judy Fugiel, F. Paul Silverman, and Peter D. Petracek. "Use of Time-lapse Video to Demonstrate Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) Responses." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 875A—875. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.875a.
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Tables, graphs, and photographs can effectively convey detailed results of a PGR experiment. However, we have observed that demonstrating PGR treatment effects by time-lapse video creates a strong impact on both scientists and non-technical audiences. Time-lapse video also provides a method for obtaining a continuous visual record that can be used to establish the precise chronology of a slow process. Recent advances in notebook computers, inexpensive digital cameras (e.g. 3Com HomeConnect™), and time-lapse software (e.g. Picture WorkLive™) allow scientists and teachers to inexpensively prepare time-lapse videos. Important considerations for the production of quality time-lapse videos include: 1. treatment effects should be substantial, consistent, and visible, 2. digital camera images should be clear, 3. lighting should be constant and provide adequate brightness and proper color, 4. camera movement such as those due to vibrations should be minimal, 5. camera placement should simplify composition. Time-lapse videos of PGR treatment effects will be shown, and methods of production will be discussed.
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Zhou, Jianyang, Linhai Guan, Kai Zhang, Zhihua Zhang, Liqiang Guo, and Yu Tao. "A High-precision Digital Measurement System Design based on PSR." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2366, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2366/1/012044.
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Abstract In engineering practice, a constant voltage output control system of synchronous rectifier primary side regulator (PSR) flyback converter is proposed to overcome the sampling defect of the existing digital approximation double line sampling scheme for primary side control synchronous rectifier structure. Regardless of the slope of the sampling waveform and the knee point, the single-output DAC midpoint sampling can achieve high sampling accuracy and good knee point following effect. At the same time, the neutral-point sampling error of the single-output DAC is analyzed, and a sampling compensation scheme which can simultaneously act in continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous current mode (DCM) is designed to further correct the sampling voltage obtained by neutral-point sampling, so as to compensate the voltage error of neutral-point sampling. Thus, the output voltage can be accurately constant in DCM and CCM.
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Taler, Dawid, Tomasz Sobota, Magdalena Jaremkiewicz, and Jan Taler. "Influence of the Thermometer Inertia on the Quality of Temperature Control in a Hot Liquid Tank Heated with Electric Energy." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 4039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154039.
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This paper presents the medium temperature monitoring system based on digital proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. For industrial thermometers with a complex structure used for measuring the temperature of the fluid under high pressure, the accuracy of the first-order model is inadequate. A second-order differential equation was applied to describe a dynamic response of a temperature sensor placed in a heavy thermowell (industrial thermometer). The quality of the water temperature control system in the tank was assessed when measuring the water temperature with a jacketed thermocouple and a thermometer in an industrial casing. A thermometer of a new design with a small time constant was also used to measure temperature. The quality of water temperature control in the hot water storage tank was evaluated using a classic industrial thermometer and a new design thermometer. In both cases, there was a K-type sheathed thermocouple inside the thermowell. Reductions in the time constant of the new thermometer are achieved by means of a steel casing with a small diameter hole inside which the thermocouple is precisely fitted. The time constants of the thermometers were determined experimentally with a jump in water temperature. A digital controller was designed to maintain the preset temperature in an electrically heated hot water tank. The function of the regulator was to adjust the power of the electrical heater to maintain a constant temperature of the liquid in the tank.
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Chang, Changyuan, Xiaomin Huang, Yuanye Li, and Yao Chen. "High-Precision Digital Constant Current Controller with Demagnetization-Time Compensation for Primary-Side Regulation Flyback Converter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 08 (May 17, 2016): 1650095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661650095x.
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A novel digital constant output current controller with demagnetization-time compensation for flyback converter is proposed in this paper. The secondary winding demagnetization time [Formula: see text] is sampled from the comparison module output signal by output voltage sampling state machine. The ratio between [Formula: see text] and switching period [Formula: see text] is kept constant by bidirectional counter module to achieve constant output current based on invariable primary-side peak-current. Meanwhile, demagnetization-time compensation is proposed in order to enhance load regulation ratio. The compensation [Formula: see text] acquired from a look-up table, is utilized to compensate the impacts caused by the delay [Formula: see text] from the process of sampling the signal of [Formula: see text]. The digital controller (DC) is implemented by hardware description language Verilog HDL. Experimental results of the proposed 2A constant current output flyback converter based on FPGA(EP2C8Q208C8N) indicate that the constant current precision is within [Formula: see text]1% in a wide range of universal-input AC voltage from 110[Formula: see text]V to 240[Formula: see text]V and the voltage load range between 2[Formula: see text]V and 8[Formula: see text]V.
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Karimova, Madina. "DIGITAL NOTARY: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS." Jurisprudence 2, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.4./qfwm6509.
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In this article, the author considers the development of digital technologies, the development of an electronic notary system, as well as national and international experience in this area, and the work carried out to create an electronic notary system. There are hypotheses that the global pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has accelerated the digitization of all areas of the world, including the notarial sphere. The article analyzes the current state of the electronic notary on a global and national scale. Opinions about its prospects are expressed as well. The notary should be recognized as a unique legal institution in the mechanism of regulation of public relations. The number of services they provide is growing day by day. In 2021, we can observe significant changes that will affect notary actions – some of them are planned to be transferred to scientific interdisciplinary research in a remote format. In the conditions of the digital economy, the notary has already quite modern services that fully ensure the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, and help to conduct the necessary transaction, while saving both their time and material costs, without wasting time on trips to unnecessary authorities to receive or deliver the necessary documents. And over time, information technologies will only improve, because the notary does not stand still, and every day more and more changes are being made to legislation that simplifies obtaining certain notary services, and new electronic legal instruments are being introduced, which indicates the constant development of the digitalization process.
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Wang, Wei, Gaoshuai Shen, Run Min, Qiaoling Tong, Qiao Zhang, and Zhenglin Liu. "State Switched Discrete-Time Model and Digital Predictive Voltage Programmed Control for Buck Converters." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133451.
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Switched mode power converters are nonlinear systems, and it is a constant challenge to improve their modeling accuracy and control performance. In this paper, a State Switched Discrete-time Model (SSDM) is proposed, which achieves a higher accuracy at a high frequency than that of conventional state averaged models. Instead of averaging the converter states for approximation, the states within each switching cycle are considered in the modeling. Based on total differential equations of switching-ON and switching-OFF durations, the inductor current and output voltage within a cycle are accurately calculated, which derives the SSDM. Furthermore, a Digital Predictive Voltage Programmed (DPVP) control strategy is derived through the SSDM. Through voltage prediction, a suitable duty ratio is calculated that regulates the output voltage to its reference value in the minimum switching cycles. In this way, the converter achieves a very fast load/line transient response and reference tracking speed, and it exhibits a high stability under deviated inductance. Finally, the accuracy of SSDM and the system stability are proved by frequency response analyses and experiments.
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Rober, S. J., Y. C. Shin, and O. D. I. Nwokah. "A Digital Robust Controller for Cutting Force Control in the End Milling Process." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801226.
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In this work, a digital robust controller is designed via Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) to maintain a constant cutting force in the presence of parametric uncertainty for a time varying end milling process. The QFT controller is designed using the delta transform method for discrete systems. The controller is designed to limit the overshoot and settling time of the cutting force levels over a range of cutting parameters. Models are presented for the cutting process and machine dynamics including parametric uncertainty, and these models are used to develop a controller which meets given tracking and regulation specifications for all plant values. Experimental results are obtained by implementing the controller on a milling machine.
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Prasad, Hanuman, and Tanmoy Maity. "Modeling and reliability analysis of three phase z-source AC-AC converter." Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0055.
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Abstract This paper presents the small signal modeling using the state space averaging technique and reliability analysis of a three-phase z-source ac-ac converter. By controlling the shoot-through duty ratio, it can operate in buck-boost mode and maintain desired output voltage during voltage sag and surge condition. It has faster dynamic response and higher efficiency as compared to the traditional voltage regulator. Small signal analysis derives different control transfer functions and this leads to design a suitable controller for a closed loop system during supply voltage variation. The closed loop system of the converter with a PID controller eliminates the transients in output voltage and provides steady state regulated output. The proposed model designed in the RT-LAB and executed in a field programming gate array (FPGA)-based real-time digital simulator at a fixedtime step of 10 μs and a constant switching frequency of 10 kHz. The simulator was developed using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL), making it versatile and moveable. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation results are presented to justify the MATLAB simulation results during supply voltage variation of the three phase z-source ac-ac converter. The reliability analysis has been applied to the converter to find out the failure rate of its different components.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Digital time constant regulator"
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Huang, Bin. "Modeling and design of digital current-mode constant on-time control." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31487.
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This thesis presents the fundamental issues of the digital controlled DC/DC converter. A lot of challenges exist when you introduce the digital control technique into the control of the DC/DC converter, especially with regards to the voltage regulator module. One issue is the limit cycle oscillation problem caused by the quantization effect from the ADC and DPWM of the digital control chip. Another issue is the delay problem coming from the sample-hold effect.
In this thesis, the modeling, analysis and design methodology for the constant frequency voltage-mode control is reviewed. A DPWM (Digital Pulse Width Modulator) model is verified in simulation, which shows what effects the digital control brings to the conventional Pulse Width Modulator.
In CPES, the constant on-time control concept is introduced into the digital control of the voltage regulator module. This provides a high resolution of DPWM and allows the digital constant on-time voltage-mode control architecture to be proposed. To limit the oscillation amplitude in the digital control structure, the digital constant on-time current-mode control w/ external ramp is further proposed in CPES. To analyze this structure, a describing function model is proposed for the digital constant on-time current-mode control, which takes both the sample-hold effect and the quantization effect into consideration. This model clearly shows the stability problem caused by the sample-hold effect in the current loop. Using larger rampâ s slope values, this stability issue can be alleviated.
Based on this model, a design methodology is introduced. By properly designing the current loopâ s ADC resolution and the voltage loopâ s ADC resolution, the limit cycle oscillation in this structure can be minimized: the digital constant on-time current-mode control will only have the oscillation coming from the sample-hold effect in the current loop, which can be greatly reduced by adding the large slopeâ s external ramp to this structure. Simulation verification for this design methodology is provided to prove the concepts. Based on the proposed model, the compensator design is performed. The motivation for the compensator design is to push the bandwidth while satisfying the stability condition and the dynamic no-limit-cycle oscillation condition. When analyzing the case of one sample per switching cycle, there is a certain amount of delay, which compromises the phase characteristics. Our design also requires a large external ramp because it will reduce the oscillation amplitude in our system. From our model, it is quite obvious that the external ramp must have a slope larger than one time that of inductor current down slope. A slope that is too larger will weaker the phase and limit the bandwidth. When using the normal current-mode compensator, like the 1-pole 1-zero compensator, the phase is dropped too much and the bandwidth will be limited too low. If we use a 2-pole 2-zero compensator, the phase can be boosted. However, in this case, the gain margin requirement from the dynamic no-limit-cycle oscillation condition will make the further improvements on bandwidth impossible. In our design, the one sixth of the switching frequency is achieved.Master of Science
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Bari, Syed Mustafa Khelat. "A Novel Inverse Charge Constant On-Time Control for High Performance Voltage Regulators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82510.
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One of the fundamental characteristics of the microprocessor application is its property of dynamic load change. Although idle most of the time, it wakes up in nanoseconds to support sudden workload demands, which are becoming increasingly severe in today's multi-core processors with large core count. From the standpoint of its voltage regulator (VR) design, it must have very good efficiency at light loads, while also supporting a very fast transient response. Thus, the variable-frequency constant on-time current-mode (COTCM) control scheme is widely used in the VRs, as it can automatically reduce its switching frequency during light-load conditions. But, from transient point of view, it has some limitations in response to heavy-load demands by microprocessors; this is resolved by adding different nonlinear controls in state-of-the-art control schemes. These nonlinear controls are difficult to optimize for the widely variable transient conditions in processors. Another major issue for this ripple-based COTCM control is that when the combined inductor-current ripple in multiphase operation becomes zero because of the ripple-cancellation effect, COTCM loses its controllability. Therefore, the goal of this research is to discover a new adaptive COT control scheme that is concurrently very efficient at light-load conditions and also provides a fast and optimized transient response without adding any nonlinear control; hence providing a complete solution for today's high-performance microprocessors.
Firstly, the overview of state-of-the-art COTCM control is discussed in detail, and its limitations are analyzed. Analysis shows that one issue plaguing the COTCM control is its slow transient response in both single and multiphase operation. In this context, two methods have been proposed to improve the transient performance of conventional COTCM control in single and multiphase operations. These two methods can effectively reduce the output capacitor count in system, but the ripple-cancellation and phase overlapping issues in multiphase operation are yet to be improved. This provides motivation to search for a new COT control technique that can resolve all these problems together.
Therefore, a new concept of inverse charge constant on-time (IQCOT) control is proposed to
replace the conventional ripple-based COTCM; the goals are to improve noise immunity at the ripple-cancellation point without adding any external ramp into the system, and to improve the load step-up transient performance in multiphase operation by achieving natural and linear pulse overlapping without adding any nonlinear control. Additionally, the transient performance of the proposed IQCOT has been further improved by naturally increasing or decreasing the TON time during the load step-up or step-down transient period without adding any nonlinear control. As this transient property is inherent in proposed IQCOT control, it is adaptive to the widely variable transient requirements of processors, and always produces an optimized transient response.
In order to design the proposed control with high bandwidth for supporting fast transient response, an accurate high-frequency small-signal model needs to be derived. Therefore, a high-frequency model for the proposed IQCOT control is derived using the describing function method. The model is also verified by simulation and hardware results in different operating conditions. From the derived model it is found that the quality factor (Q) of one double-pole set varies with changes in duty cycle. To overcome this challenge, an auto-tuning method for Q-value control is also proposed in this dissertation.Ph. D.
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Tian, Shuilin. "Small-signal Analysis and Design of Constant-on-time V2 Control for Ceramic Caps." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31812.
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Recently, constant-on-time V2 control is more and more popular in industry products due to features of high light load efficiency, simple implementation and fast transient response. In many applications such as cell phone, camera, and other portable devices, low-ESR capacitors such as ceramic caps are preferred due to small size and small output voltage ripple requirement. However, for the converters with ceramic caps, the conventional V2 control suffers from the sub-harmonic oscillation due to the lagging phase of the capacitor voltage ripple relative to the inductor current ripple. Two solutions to eliminate sub-harmonic oscillations are discussed in [39] and the small-signal models are also derived based on time-domain describing function. However, the characteristic of constant-on-time V2 with external ramp is not fully understood and no explicit design guideline for the external ramp is provided. For digital constant on-time V2 control, the high resolution PWM can be eliminated due to constant on-time modulation scheme and direct output voltage feedback [43]. However, the external ramp design is not only related to the amplitude of the limit-cycle oscillation, but also very important to the stability of the system. The previous analysis is not thorough since numerical solution is used. The primary objective of this work is to gain better understanding of the small-signal characteristic for analog and digital constant-on-time V2 with ramp compensations, and provide the design guideline based on the factorized small-signal model.
First, constant on-time current-mode control and constant on-time V2 control are reviewed. Generally speaking, constant-on-time current mode control does not have stability issues. However, for constant-on-time V2 control with ceramic caps, sub-harmonic oscillation occurs due to the lagging phase of the capacitor voltage ripple. External ramp compensation and current ramp compensation are two solutions to solve the problem. Previous equivalent circuit model extended by Ray Ridleyâ s sample-and-hold concept is not applicable since it fails to consider the influence of the capacitor voltage ripple. The model proposed in [39] successfully considers the influence from the capacitor voltage ripple by using time-domain describing function method. However, the characteristic of constant-on-time V2 with external ramp is not fully understood. Therefore, more research focusing on the analysis is needed to gain better understanding of the characteristic and provide the design guideline for the ramp compensations.
After that, the small-signal model and design of analog constant on-time V2 control is investigated and discussed. The small-signal models are factorized and pole-zero movements are identified. It is found that with increasing the external ramp, two pairs of double poles first move toward each other at half of switching frequency, after meeting at the key point, the two double poles separate, one pair moves to a lower frequency and the other moves to a higher frequency while keeping the quality factor equal to each other. For output impedance, with increasing the external ramp, the low frequency magnitude also increases. The recommended external ramp is around two times the magnitude at the key point K. When Duty cycle is larger, the damping performance is not good with only external ramp compensation, unless very high switching frequency is used. With current ramp compensation, it is recommended to design the current ramp so that the quality factor of the double pole is around 1. With current ramp compensation, the damping can be well controlled regardless of the circuit parameters.
Next, the small-signal analysis and design strategy is also extended to digital constant on-time V2 control structure which is proposed in [43]. It is found that the scenario is very similar as analog constant on-time V2 control. The external ramp should be designed around the key point to improve the dynamic performance. The sampling effects of the output voltage require a larger external ramp to stabilize digital constant-on-time V2 control while suffers only a little bit of damping performance. One simple method for measuring control-to-output transfer functions in digital constant-on-time V2 control is presented. The experimental results verify the small-signal analysis except for the high frequency phase difference which reveals the delay effects in the circuit. Load transient experimental results prove the proposed design guideline for digital constant on-time V2 control.
As a conclusion, the characteristics of analog and digital constant-on-time V2 control structures are examined and design guidelines are proposed for ramp compensations based on the factorized small-signal model. The analysis and design guideline are verified with simplis simulation and experimental results.Master of Science
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Marusiak, David. "MOS CURRENT MODE LOGIC (MCML) ANALYSIS FOR QUIET DIGITAL CIRCUITRY AND CREATION OF A STANDARD CELL LIBRARY FOR REDUCING THE DEVELOPMENT TIME OF MIXED-SIGNAL CHIPS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1363.
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Many modern digital systems use forms of CMOS logical implementation due to the straight forward design nature of CMOS logic and minimal device area since CMOS uses fewer transistors than other logic families. To achieve high-performance requirements in mixed-signal chip development and quiet, noiseless circuitry, this thesis provides an alternative toCMOSin the form of MOS Current Mode Logic (MCML). MCML dissipates constant current and does not produce noise during value changing in a circuit CMOS circuits do. CMOS logical networks switch during clock ticks and with every device switching, noise is created on the supply and ground to deal with the transitions. Creating a noiseless standard cell library with MCML allows use of circuitry that uses low voltage switching with 1.5V between logic levels in a quiet or mixed-signal environment as opposed to the full rail to rail swinging of CMOS logic. This allows cohesive implementation with analog circuitry on the same chip due to constant current and lower switching ranges not creating rail noise during digital switching. Standard cells allow for the Cadence tools to automatically generate circuits and Cadence serves as the development platform for the MCML standard cells.
The theory surrounding MCML is examined along with current and future applications well-suited for MCML are researched and explored with the goal of highlighting valid candidate circuits for MCML. Inverters and NAND gates with varying current drives are developed to meet these specialized goals and are simulated to prove viability for quiet, mixed-signal applications. Analysis and results show that MCML is a superior implementation choice compared toCMOSfor high speed and mixed signal applications due to frequency independent power dissipation and lack of generated noise during operation. Noise results show rail current deviations of 50nA to 300nA during switching over an average operating current of 20µA to 80µA respectively. The multiple order of magnitude difference between noise and signal allow the MCML cells to dissipate constant power and thus perform with no noise added to a system. Additional simulated results of a 31-stage ring oscillator result in a frequency for MCML of 1.57GHz simulated versus the 150.35MHz that MOSIS tested on a fabricated 31-stage CMOS oscillator. The layouts designed for the standard cell library conform to existing On Semiconductor ami06 technology dimensions and allow for design of any logical function to be fabricated. The I/O signals of each cell operate at the same input and output voltage swings which allow seamless integration with each other for implementation in any logical configuration.
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Preston, Douglas. "Last Two Surface Range Detector for Direct Detection Multisurface Flash Lidar in 90nm CMOS Technology." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright150392243439439.
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Антонец, Тарас Юрьевич. "Метод и устройство контроля кратковременной перегрузочной способности высоковольтного кабеля в условиях производства." Thesis, НТУ "ХПИ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21791.
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Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.11.13 – приборы и методы контроля и определения состава веществ. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2016.
Диссертация посвящена разработке метода контроля кратковременной перегрузочной способности высоковольтного силового кабеля в условиях производства и необходимый комплекс аппаратуры для его экспериментального подтверждения. Предложена модель нагрева жилы в начальный период нагрева кабеля, которая является решением дифференциального уравнения второй степени для теплового баланса в течение адиабатного нагрева кабеля. Модель позволила количественно характеризовать кратковременную перегрузочную способность кабеля и сравнивать ее с кратковременной перегрузочной способностью, полученной с помощью известных моделей нагрева кабеля. Предложен количественный показатель кратковременной перегрузочной способности высоковольтного кабеля со сшитой полиэтиленовой изоляцией для контроля изготовленных кабелей в условиях производства. Данный показатель не зависит от условий окружающей среды, а значит, является качественной характеристикой самого кабеля. Создан и опробован комплекс аппаратуры для определения показателя кратковременной перегрузочной способности высоковольтного кабеля в условиях производства. Проверен разработанный метод оперативного неразрушающего контроля показателей кратковременной перегрузочной способности на примере СПЭ-кабеля на напряжение 35 кВ.Dissertation for the degree of Ph. D. in Engineering Science, specialty 05.11.13 – Devices and methods of testing and materials structure determination. – National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2016. The thesis is devoted to the developing of control method of the short-term over-load capacity of high voltage cable in the conditions of production and the required complex of equipment for the verification of method. It was proposed the quantitative criterion of the short-term overload capacity of high voltage cable with cross linked polyethylene insulation for the control of the manufacturing cables in the conditions of production. It was created and proofed the complex of equipment for determination the criterion of the short-term overload capacity of high voltage cable in the conditions of production. The developed prompt method of the nondestructive testing of the quantitative criteria of the short-term overload capacity was tested on the 35 kV XLPE-cable.
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Антонець, Тарас Юрійович. "Метод і пристрій контролю короткочасної перевантажувальної здатності високовольтного кабелю в умовах виробництва." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21790.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.11.13 – прилади і методи контролю та визначення складу речовин. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016 р.
Дисертація присвячена розробці методу контролю короткочасної перевантажувальної здатності високовольтного силового кабелю в умовах виробництва та необхідний комплекс апаратури для його експериментального підтвердження. Запропоновано модель нагріву жили в начальний період нагріву кабелю. Модель дозволила кількісно характеризувати короткочасну перевантажувальну здатність кабелю і порівнювати її з короткочасною перевантажувальною здатністю, одержаною за допомогою відомих моделей нагріву кабелю. Виконано теоретичні та експериментальні дослідження для визначення теплофізичних параметрів відведення тепла з поверхні кабелю в приміщенні та дослідження залежності нагріву кабелю від відстані між фазами при прокладанні в площині. Запропоновано кількісний показник короткочасної перевантажувальної здатності високовольтного кабелю зі зшитою поліетиленовою ізоляцією для контролю виготовлених кабелів в умовах виробництва. Перевірено розроблений метод оперативного неруйнівного контролю показників короткочасної перевантажувальної здатності на прикладі ЗПЕ-кабелю на напругу 35 кВ.Dissertation for the degree of Ph. D. in Engineering Science, specialty 05.11.13 – Devices and methods of testing and materials structure determination. – National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2016. The thesis is devoted to the developing of control method of the short-term over-load capacity of high voltage cable in the conditions of production and the required complex of equipment for the verification of method. It was proposed the quantitative criterion of the short-term overload capacity of high voltage cable with cross linked polyethylene insulation for the control of the manufacturing cables in the conditions of production. It was created and proofed the complex of equipment for determination the criterion of the short-term overload capacity of high voltage cable in the conditions of production. The developed prompt method of the nondestructive testing of the quantitative criteria of the short-term overload capacity was tested on the 35 kV XLPE-cable.
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Sattouf, Mousa. "Systém snímání dat a ovládání vodní elektrárny prostřednictvím internetové techniky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233685.
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Vodní energie se nyní stala nejlepším zdrojem elektrické energie na zemi. Vyrábí se pomocí energie poskytované pohybem nebo pádem vody. Historie dokazuje, že náklady na tuto elektrickou energii zůstávají konstantní v průběhu celého roku. Vzhledem k mnoha výhodám, většina zemí nyní využívá vodní energie jako hlavní zdroj pro výrobu elektrické energie.Nejdůležitější výhodou je, že vodní energie je zelená energie, což znamená, že žádné vzdušné nebo vodní znečišťující látky nejsou vyráběny, také žádné skleníkové plyny jako oxid uhličitý nejsou vyráběny, což činí tento zdroj energie šetrný k životnímu prostředí. A tak brání nebezpečí globálního oteplování. Použití internetové techniky k ovladání několika vodních elektráren má velmi významné výhody, jako snížení provozních nákladů a flexibilitu uspokojení změny poptávky po energii na straně spotřeby. Také velmi efektivně čelí velkým narušením elektrické sítě, jako je například přidání nebo odebrání velké zátěže, a poruch. Na druhou stranu, systém získávání dat poskytuje velmi užitečné informace pro typické i vědecké analýzy, jako jsou ekonomické náklady, predikce poruchy systémů, predikce poptávky, plány údržby, systémů pro podporu rozhodování a mnoho dalších výhod. Tato práce popisuje všeobecný model, který může být použit k simulaci pro sběr dat a kontrolní systémy pro vodní elektrárny v prostředí Matlab / Simulink a TrueTime Simulink knihovnu. Uvažovaná elektrárna sestává z vodní turbíny připojené k synchronnímu generátoru s budicí soustavou, generátor je připojen k veřejné elektrické síti. Simulací vodní turbíny a synchronního generátoru lze provést pomocí různých simulačních nástrojů. V této práci je upřednostňován SIMULINK / MATLAB před jinými nástroji k modelování dynamik vodní turbíny a synchronního stroje. Program s prostředím MATLAB SIMULINK využívá k řešení schematický model vodní elektrárny sestavený ze základních funkčních bloků. Tento přístup je pedagogicky lepší než komplikované kódy jiných softwarových programů. Knihovna programu Simulink obsahuje funkční bloky, které mohou být spojovány, upravovány a modelovány. K vytvoření a simulování internetových a Real Time systémů je možné použít bud‘ knihovnu simulinku Real-Time nebo TRUETIME, v práci byla použita knihovna TRUETIME.
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Mishra, Tanmay. "Development of A Reconfigurable Synchronous Machine Emulation Platform." Thesis, 2022. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/6018.
Full textAbstract:
Studying the dynamic behaviour of non-linear complex power systems in a laboratory
is very challenging. Early experimental platforms used micro-alternators to emulate the
behaviour of fixed steam and hydro turbine models. The micro-alternator is a three-phase
synchronous generator with similar electrical constants (in per unit on machine rating) as
those typically found in alternators in large power stations. It is an electrical scaled-down
model of machines up to 1000 MW rating and is rated between 1 to 10 kVA. Researchers
used these micro-machines up to the 90s to study large electric generators’ transient and
steady-state performance. The department of electrical engineering at the Indian Institute
of Science (IISc) was also very active in experimental research in power engineering.
The department still retained two-three kVA and one ten kVA micro-machine sets, but
the control panels of these machines became obsolete as the manufacturer of these machines
Mawdsley, London, doesnt exist anymore. Advancements in simulation software
packages and real-time simulators have primarily replaced the experimental models of
electric power systems worldwide. The push for green energy technologies worldwide due
to climate concerns has increased the presence of power electronic converters in the power
grids. Reduction of overall inertia, frequent occurrence of electromechanical oscillations,
electromagnetic transients, and control interaction modes has become a concern for the
power grid operators. The need for understanding the physical insights of the oscillatory
modes introduced by fast-acting power electronic converters, the need for developing practically
feasible control algorithms for mitigating the interaction modes, and the need for
developing dispatchability and grid support features like conventional generation sources
have triggered the development of laboratory-scale experimental power grids across the
world in the past decade.
In this thesis, initially, an attempt is made to revive the old 3 kVA micro
alternator controls. An IGBT-based buck converter static excitation system has been
developed for the micro-alternator. This exciter also incorporates several limiters which
were non-existent in the old analog control panels. An under-excitation limiter, overexcitation
limiter, and V/Hz limiter as per IEEE standard 421.5 have been designed to
protect the micro-alternator during abnormal conditions such as overloading, overheating,
and over-fluxing of the machine. A digital time constant regulator (TCR) is incorporated
to modify the micro-alternator field’s time constant to mimic large synchronous machines’
dynamics as micro-machine time constants are very small. The detailed tuning procedure
of limiters and TCR is discussed to comply with IEEE STD 421.2 and IEEE STD 421.5.
Overheating of old micro-machines was observed due to the creation of multiple shortcircuit
faults. Hence, a custom 5 kVA micro-alternator is manufactured through a local
vendor having parameters like the old machines.
A single micro-alternator can represent only one large alternator dynamics,
thereby limiting the scalability of the platform. Emulating machines of different ratings
using a single micro-machine would undoubtedly boost the capabilities of experimental
platforms for investigating conventional and non-conventional source interactions in laboratories.
To the best of our knowledge, only one such attempt was made in the literature,
where a model reference control algorithm is proposed to mimic any rating alternator
dynamics using a doubly excited laboratory micro-alternator. However, doubly excited
micro-alternators are non-existent today. A reconfigurable experimental single machine
infinite bus testbed using the 5 kVA singly excited micro-alternator is developed reconfigurable
options to emulate different types of IEEE Standard excitation systems, standard
turbine governor models and different machine parameters.
A non-linear output matching control based on the dynamic inversion technique
is proposed for emulating the synchronous generators of different ratings with the IEEE
standard excitation system and governor turbine models using a single micro-alternator.
IEEE Model 1.1 is used for representing the behaviour of large alternators. The singlemachine
infinite bus (SMIB) experimental testbed has been used to validate the proposed
emulation approach. The dynamics of the synchronous generator model in per unit corresponding
to 128 MVA and 192 MVA machines have been physically emulated on the 5 kVA
laboratory micro-alternator. Good tracking performance is obtained with the proposed
approach under small and large disturbances in MATLAB simulations and experimental
evaluations. Using a systematic scaling procedure the proposed emulation approach has
been extended to evaluate the possibility of emulating the WSCC 3 machine 9 bus system
in the laboratory using MATLAB simulations. The simulation results are found to be very
promising in replicating the dynamics of WSCC system using the 5 kVA micro-machines.
Emulation of large machine dynamics with different types of turbines, governors, and excitation
controls using a singly excited micro-alternator enabling a generalized synchronous
machine emulation platform is a first-of-its-kind effort in the literature to the best of our
knowledge.
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Bo-TingYeh and 葉柏廷. "Sensorless Digital Switching Regulator with Dead-Time Self-Exploration." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79043371567015496557.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
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This thesis presents a sensorless digital regulator with dead-time self-exploration. The dead-time controller utilizes the relationship between duty-cycle command and power-loss to find the optimized dead-time without sensing any of the power-stage signals. A exploration algorithm with delay-line circuits instead of high frequency is used to accelerate the optimized dead-time searching and provides high quantization resolution with dead-time step. This approach is well suited for digital IC implementation. The FPGA experimental results show that the proposed architecture can quickly search the optimization of the dead-time and improve efficiency. After FPGA prototyping, the proposed DC-DC converter has been implemented in TSMC 1P6M 0.18μm CMOS technology. The chip size is 1.3 mm2 and the experimental results proved the same with FPGA experimental results.
Books on the topic "Digital time constant regulator"
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Biagioli, Raffaella, and Stefano Oliviero, eds. Il Tirocinio Diretto Digitale Integrato (TDDI). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-587-5.
Full textAbstract:
The integrated direct digital apprenticeship represents a new and crucial experimental apprenticeship modality with the primary function of guaranteeing everyone the possibility of living this entire pre- professional experience through virtual modalities and widening and enriching training opportunities for future pre-primary teachers and primary teachers. The experimental project arose from the need to respond to the need to guarantee the practicability of professional training courses at a time when, due to the pandemic, it was not possible to accommodate all students in schools. It was designed with the Regional School Office of Tuscany and resulted from the degree course constant commitment to the USR Tuscany to guarantee students; right to study and enhance the schools; willingness to accommodate trainees.
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Hackers, Business Model, and Sam Schreim. Digital Transformation and Big Data : Thriving in an Era of Constant Disruptions: The Executives and Business Owners Guide on the State of Digital Transformation and Big Data That's Written to Stand Time. Independently Published, 2020.
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Dahiya, Surbhi. Indian Media Giants. Oxford University PressDelhi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190132620.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The establishment of mass media organizations in India is contemporaneous with that of its counterparts in the developed world. Indian Media Giants: Unveiling the Business Dynamics of Print Legacies is an analytical chronicle of six Indian mega media conglomerates' individual odyssey from their humble, incipient beginnings in the pre-independence era to their transformation into powerful business empires in the digitised world. The book traces Indian Media metamorphosis, the birth, phase-wise contours of growth and development, travails and trajectories, organizational structures, editorial policies and business dynamics of print majors in India, namely, The Times Group, The Hindu Group, The Hindustan Times Limited, The Indian Express Group, Dainik Jagran Limited and DB Corp Limited. It unravels their understanding of the values of co-dependence, collaboration, and competition with their contemporaries. It is an untold story of how these organizations leapt over the perimeters of conventional greatness to achieve unmeasured success that spans the globe. The book analyses how innovations have been brought in the management policies of these print businesses, with respect to production, distribution, consumption, while accrediting the visionary leadership that drives each organisation forward in its endeavours. What the case studies also details, is the wide extent of strategic intent enunciation; the role of product lines, development and diversification into radio, TV, digital and other segments; geographical spread, expansion, regional penetration and international footprint; the role of technological advancements in throwing up unimaginably new business opportunities; strategic alliances, mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and takeovers; manpower management policies; CSR activities and financial performance of these media giants. The theoretical implications of the growth of media organisations in terms of the nature of mass media and its products are also underlined. The book focuses on the theoretical framework of media management and pays attention on the changing media management practices from one era to another, gradually orienting and re-orienting the strategic positioning of respective media giants to the pulse of the media market and the opportunities under various regulatory regimes. It is replete with the meticulous analysis of the editorial values and business dynamics upon which their legacies are founded, changing business models adopted by the media moguls, the ripples they have created in the media world and how they are constantly being modified to suit the tastes of the modernising market. With this, and more, Indian Media Giants is a holistic compendium that offers multiple perspectives on how print media organizations in India have grown from strength to strength and have become platform agnostic. The book also details the changing media landscape in India and also underlines the efforts of media giants in retaining print while embracing the digital. The book will be of immense value to the academic fraternity and industry professionals to gain an incisive as well as panoptic view and understanding of the Indian media conglomerates. Compressed in these pages is the analytical story of the past, present and future of the Indian print legacies for the pleasure and curiosity of the readers.
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Shengelia, Revaz. Modern Economics. Universal, Georgia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/rsme012021.
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Economy and mankind are inextricably interlinked. Just as the economy or the production of material wealth is unimaginable without a man, so human existence and development are impossible without the wealth created in the economy. Shortly, both the goal and the means of achieving and realization of the economy are still the human resources. People have long ago noticed that it was the economy that created livelihoods, and the delays in their production led to the catastrophic events such as hunger, poverty, civil wars, social upheavals, revolutions, moral degeneration, and more. Therefore, the special interest of people in understanding the regulatory framework of the functioning of the economy has existed and exists in all historical epochs [A. Sisvadze. Economic theory. Part One. 2006y. p. 22]. The system of economic disciplines studies economy or economic activities of a society. All of them are based on science, which is currently called economic theory in the post-socialist space (the science of economics, the principles of economics or modern economics), and in most countries of the world - predominantly in the Greek-Latin manner - economics. The title of the present book is also Modern Economics. Economics (economic theory) is the science that studies the efficient use of limited resources to produce and distribute goods and services in order to satisfy as much as possible the unlimited needs and demands of the society. More simply, economics is the science of choice and how society manages its limited resources. Moreover, it should be emphasized that economics (economic theory) studies only the distribution, exchange and consumption of the economic wealth (food, beverages, clothing, housing, machine tools, computers, services, etc.), the production of which is possible and limited. And the wealth that exists indefinitely: no economic relations are formed in the production and distribution of solar energy, air, and the like. This current book is the second complete updated edition of the challenges of the modern global economy in the context of the coronary crisis, taking into account some of the priority directions of the country's development. Its purpose is to help students and interested readers gain a thorough knowledge of economics and show them how this knowledge can be applied pragmatically (professionally) in professional activities or in everyday life. To achieve this goal, this textbook, which consists of two parts and tests, discusses in simple and clear language issues such as: the essence of economics as a science, reasons for origin, purpose, tasks, usefulness and functions; Basic principles, problems and peculiarities of economics in different economic systems; Needs and demand, the essence of economic resources, types and limitations; Interaction, mobility, interchangeability and efficient use of economic resources. The essence and types of wealth; The essence, types and models of the economic system; The interaction of households and firms in the market of resources and products; Market mechanism and its elements - demand, supply and price; Demand and supply elasticity; Production costs and the ways to reduce them; Forms of the market - perfect and incomplete competition markets and their peculiarities; Markets for Production Factors and factor incomes; The essence of macroeconomics, causes and importance of origin; The essence and calculation of key macroeconomic indicators (gross national product, gross domestic product, net national product, national income, etc.); Macroeconomic stability and instability, unemployment, inflation and anti-inflationary policies; State regulation of the economy and economic policy; Monetary and fiscal policy; Income and standard of living; Economic Growth; The Corona Pandemic as a Defect and Effect of Globalization; National Economic Problems and New Opportunities for Development in the conditions of the Coronary Crisis; The Socio-economic problems of moral obsolescence in digital technologies; Education and creativity are the main solution way to overcome the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus; Positive and negative effects of tourism in Georgia; Formation of the middle class as a contributing factor to the development of tourism in Georgia; Corporate culture in Georgian travel companies, etc. The axiomatic truth is that economics is the union of people in constant interaction. Given that the behavior of the economy reflects the behavior of the people who make up the economy, after clarifying the essence of the economy, we move on to the analysis of the four principles of individual decision-making. Furtermore, the book describes how people make independent decisions. The key to making an individual decision is that people have to choose from alternative options, that the value of any action is measured by the value of what must be given or what must be given up to get something, that the rational, smart people make decisions based on the comparison of the marginal costs and marginal returns (benefits), and that people behave accordingly to stimuli. Afterwards, the need for human interaction is then analyzed and substantiated. If a person is isolated, he will have to take care of his own food, clothes, shoes, his own house and so on. In the case of such a closed economy and universalization of labor, firstly, its productivity will be low and, secondly, it will be able to consume only what it produces. It is clear that human productivity will be higher and more profitable as a result of labor specialization and the opportunity to trade with others. Indeed, trade allows each person to specialize, to engage in the activities that are most successful, be it agriculture, sewing or construction, and to buy more diverse goods and services from others at a relatively lower price. The key to such human interactions is that trade is mutually beneficial; That markets are usually the good means of coordination between people and that the government can improve the results of market functioning if the market reveals weakness or the results of market functioning are not fair. Moroever, it also shows how the economy works as a whole. In particular, it is argued that productivity is a key determinant of living standards, that an increase in the money supply is a major source of inflation, and that one of the main impediments to avoiding inflation is the existence of an alternative between inflation and unemployment in the short term, that the inflation decrease causes the temporary decline in unemployement and vice versa. The Understanding creatively of all above mentioned issues, we think, will help the reader to develop market economy-appropriate thinking and rational economic-commercial-financial behaviors, to be more competitive in the domestic and international labor markets, and thus to ensure both their own prosperity and the functioning of the country's economy. How he/she copes with the tasks, it is up to the individual reader to decide. At the same time, we will receive all the smart useful advices with a sense of gratitude and will take it into account in the further work. We also would like to thank the editor and reviewers of the books. Finally, there are many things changing, so it is very important to realize that the XXI century has come: 1. The century of the new economy; 2. Age of Knowledge; 3. Age of Information and economic activities are changing in term of innovations. 1. Why is the 21st century the century of the new economy? Because for this period the economic resources, especially non-productive, non-recoverable ones (oil, natural gas, coal, etc.) are becoming increasingly limited. According to the World Energy Council, there are currently 43 years of gas and oil reserves left in the world (see “New Commersant 2007 # 2, p. 16). Under such conditions, sustainable growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) and maximum satisfaction of uncertain needs should be achieved not through the use of more land, labor and capital (extensification), but through more efficient use of available resources (intensification) or innovative economy. And economics, as it was said, is the science of finding the ways about the more effective usage of the limited resources. At the same time, with the sustainable growth and development of the economy, the present needs must be met in a way that does not deprive future generations of the opportunity to meet their needs; 2. Why is the 21st century the age of knowledge? Because in a modern economy, it is not land (natural resources), labor and capital that is crucial, but knowledge. Modern production, its factors and products are not time-consuming and capital-intensive, but science-intensive, knowledge-intensive. The good example of this is a Japanese enterprise (firm) where the production process is going on but people are almost invisible, also, the result of such production (Japanese product) is a miniature or a sample of how to get the maximum result at the lowest cost; 3. Why is the 21st century the age of information? Because the efficient functioning of the modern economy, the effective organization of the material and personal factors of production largely depend on the right governance decision. The right governance decision requires prompt and accurate information. Gone are the days when the main means of transport was a sailing ship, the main form of data processing was pencil and paper, and the main means of transmitting information was sending letters through a postman on horseback. By the modern transport infrastructure (highways, railways, ships, regular domestic and international flights, oil and gas pipelines, etc.), the movement of goods, services and labor resoucres has been significantly accelerated, while through the modern means of communication (mobile phone, internet, other) the information is spreading rapidly globally, which seems to have "shrunk" the world and made it a single large country. The Authors of the book: Ushangi Samadashvili, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University - Introduction, Chapters - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11,12, 15,16, 17.1,18 , Tests, Revaz Shengelia, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University, Chapters_7, 8, 13. 14, 17.2, 17.4; Zhuzhuna Tsiklauri - Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University - Chapters 13.6, 13.7,17.2, 17.3, 18. We also thank the editor and reviewers of the book.
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Leon, Sharon. Complexity and Collaboration. Edited by Paula Hamilton and James B. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766024.013.2.
Full textAbstract:
Since the popular emergence of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s, nothing has been clearer about the digital environment than that it changes at a breakneck pace, making it a constant challenge of adaptation for content providers. Public historians who may have come of age in the context of writing either concise wall labels for the public or extended scholarly articles and conference papers for their fellow historians might find the pace and the level of flexibility and interactivity of the Web disconcerting, but in the end, the advantages for the practice of public history are extensive. Breaking the constraints of a physical site by effectively using the Web leaves public historians constrained only by their time, resources, and imagination. This chapter deals specifically with the various modes of communication that are available to public historians through the use of new media.
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Stray, Christopher, Michael Clarke, and Joshua T. Katz, eds. Liddell and Scott. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810803.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Greek-English Lexicon of Liddell and Scott is one of the most famous dictionaries in the world, and for the past century-and-a-half has been a constant and indispensable presence in teaching, learning, and research on ancient Greek throughout the English-speaking world and beyond. Despite continuous modification and updating, it is still recognizably a Victorian creation; at the same time, however, it carries undiminished authority both for its account of the Greek language and for its system of organizing and presenting linguistic data. This book includes chapters on all aspects of the history, constitution, and problematics of this extraordinary work, examining its complex history and appreciating it as a monument to the challenges and pitfalls of classical scholarship. The chapters combine a variety of approaches and methodologies—historical, philological, theoretical—in order to situate the book within the various disciplines to which it is relevant; from semantics, lexicography, and historical linguistics to literary theory, Victorian studies, and the history of the book. Paying tribute to the Lexicon’s enormous effect on the evolving theory and practice of lexicography, it also includes a section looking forward to new developments in dictionary-making in the digital age, bringing comprehensively up to date the question of what the future holds for this fascinating and perplexing monument to the challenges of understanding an ancient language.
Book chapters on the topic "Digital time constant regulator"
1
Graux, Hans. "The Single Digital Gateway Regulation as an Enabler and Constraint of Once-Only in Europe." In The Once-Only Principle, 83–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79851-2_5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe adoption of the Single Digital Gateway Regulation is a gamechanger in European e-government. For the first time, it creates a horizontal, non-sector specific legal framework for the direct exchange of digital evidence between public administrations in different Member States. However, these exchanges require public administrations to have a certain degree of trust in each other, which is built on a shared legal basis. The Single Digital Gateway Regulation achieves its goal of creating a legal basis and establishing trust, but also builds in a number of explicit and implicit legal constraints. These will help make the once-only principle in Europe a reality, but also enshrine limitations that will require revisions and expansions of the Regulation at some point in the future. This paper examines the genesis of the Regulation, its legal choices and priorities, the resulting implications and limitations, and potential challenges for the future.
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Brimkov, Valentin E., and Reneta Barneva. "Linear Time Constant-Working Space Algorithm for Computing the Genus of a Digital Object." In Advances in Visual Computing, 669–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89639-5_64.
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Ojima, Naoki, Toru Nakura, Tetsuya Iizuka, and Kunihiro Asada. "A 65 nm CMOS Synthesizable Digital Low-Dropout Regulator Based on Voltage-to-Time Conversion with 99.6% Current Efficiency at 10-mA Load." In VLSI-SoC: Design and Engineering of Electronics Systems Based on New Computing Paradigms, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23425-6_1.
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Muzi, Francesco, Riccardo Marzo, and Francesco Nardi. "Digital Information Management in the Built Environment: Data-Driven Approaches for Building Process Optimization." In The Urban Book Series, 123–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_12.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn Italy, the traditional management of construction works, throughout life cycle, still dominates the market compared to a digital approach. This research aims at bringing out the potential and benefits of a digital management by developing strategies and methodologies able to optimize processes related to three different use cases. The proposed use cases have been developed by applying digital methodologies to different building contexts, aiming at both site management and management of the built environment. The first case deals with an important public building of 35,000 m2 located in a residential context in the center of Rome. The use of digital methodology made it possible to optimize and prevent problems related to large-scale works and construction sites located in central residential areas. The second case concerns a residential complex of 16 buildings located in Rome, where the BIM model supplies a constant flow of information for predictive maintenance system. The last one refers to port infrastructures located on the coast of Lazio region in Italy. The digital information model was developed to set up a risk management system capable of safely managing the port’s main assets. In conclusion, the results achieved through the implementation of a digital approach generated by a structured information flow integrated with the BIM model, allowed an optimized management of time and economic resources in the three case studies mentioned, although the diversity of objectives and types of construction works. This improvement is made possible by a shared and connected digital model, characterized by a high level of geometric and informative detail and cloud computing strategies to enhance process efficiency, supporting decision-making and information management.
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Popovic, Tobias, Thomas Bäumer, Ezgi Gökdemir, and Jan Silberer. "How Innovative Mobility Can Drive Sustainable Development: Conceptual Foundations and Use Cases Using the Example of the iCity Ecosystem for Innovation." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 3–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_1.
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AbstractEconomy and society today face a multitude of complex challenges (“grand challenges”) like climate change, demographic change, urbanization, or digitalization, which create a constant demand for new technologies, services, business models, and consequently innovative solutions. In this light, the mobility sector has undergone a great change over the past few years, which is formed by digital technologies on a large scale. Against this background, this article will demonstrate, based on the example of the iCity research project, to what extent the research design of transdisciplinary living labs can serve as a basis for the development of innovative and sustainable mobility solutions. At the same time, the influence of digitalization which plays a major role in developing real implementable solutions for such challenges will be examined.
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"B: The Time Constant." In True Digital Control, 311. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118535523.app2.
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Bianchini, Carlo, Alfonso Ippolito, and Cristiana Bartolomei. "The Surveying and Representation Process Applied to Architecture." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 44–93. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8379-2.ch002.
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The constant development and improvement of laser scanning instruments together with the digital rebirth of photogrammetry (photomodelling) has triggered the operative and methodological evolution that in many aspects has already facilitated the acquisition phase, especially referring to the time required for the procedure. The present paper, however, investigates the methodological changes occurred especially in the last decade concerning surveying and its representation. We shall describe the peculiarities and articulations of these methods aiming at pointing out some conceptual issues involving measurement, interpretation and representation. The final objective is to construct an “operative critical method” which seems indispensable to standardize and regulate the procedures of data collection, elaboration and representation of architectural artifact providing results more objective and reliable: in other words more scientific.
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Ferdous, Humayra. "Talent Management for Academic Institutions During the Post-Pandemic Paradigm." In Post-Pandemic Talent Management Models in Knowledge Organizations, 97–112. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3894-7.ch005.
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A knowledge-based organization such as educational institutes, consultancy firms require certain skills from their employees. Among many, the prime duty of the department of human resource management (HRM) of an organization is to identify the required skills for a particular task or job. HRM searches those skills during the time of recruitment. However, skills are not constant; rather, they are dynamic. Different eras require different skills to perform any task successfully. During the post-pandemic period of COVID-19, usage of technology in educational institute for their regular tasks such as lecture delivery, online assessment, seminars, conducting workshops have increased rapidly. Unfortunately, the academicians in many cases are not trained to perform these tasks in an efficient manner. This is especially true for developing countries like Bangladesh, where the transition from an analog to a digital world is still in progress. The chapter focuses on how HRM in any knowledge-based organization can play a very crucial role to convert its human resources into human capital.
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Ayadurai, Charmele, and Sina Joneidy. "Artificial Intelligence and Bank Soundness: Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea - Part 2." In Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95806.
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Banks have experienced chronic weaknesses as well as frequent crisis over the years. As bank failures are costly and affect global economies, banks are constantly under intense scrutiny by regulators. This makes banks the most highly regulated industry in the world today. As banks grow into the 21st century framework, banks are in need to embrace Artificial Intelligence (AI) to not only to provide personalized world class service to its large database of customers but most importantly to survive. The chapter provides a taxonomy of bank soundness in the face of AI through the lens of CAMELS where C (Capital), A(Asset), M(Management), E(Earnings), L(Liquidity), S(Sensitivity). The taxonomy partitions challenges from the main strand of CAMELS into distinct categories of AI into 1(C), 4(A), 17(M), 8 (E), 1(L), 2(S) categories that banks and regulatory teams need to consider in evaluating AI use in banks. Although AI offers numerous opportunities to enable banks to operate more efficiently and effectively, at the same time banks also need to give assurance that AI ‘do no harm’ to stakeholders. Posing many unresolved questions, it seems that banks are trapped between the devil and the deep blue sea for now.
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Sobieraj, Sarah. "Constant Calibration (Preventative Labor)." In Credible Threat, 63–81. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089283.003.0004.
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The substance of online attacks against women is predictable—filled with long-standing sexist, racist, xenophobic, and homophobic content—but their frequency and intensity are not. This uncertainty makes participating in public discourse a gamble and leaves women struggling to crack the code: how can they enter digital publics while also avoiding abuse? Drawing on interviews with women targeted by digital attacks, this chapter shows that they engage in time-consuming and emotionally draining efforts intended to reduce the potential for harassment. They use four main approaches: tightening their digital security, consulting “mental maps” of riskier and safer online spaces, monitoring their emotional stamina to assess whether they are “up to” participation, and engaging in extensive credibility-work designed to limit attackers’ ability to discredit or shame them. In the end, as with other forms of gendered abuse, following victim-avoidance “rules” is not enough to ensure safety for women who speak out online.
Conference papers on the topic "Digital time constant regulator"
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Zafarana, A., O. Zambetti, G. Lingua, and S. Saggini. "Digital multiphase Constant on-time regulator supporting energy proportional computing." In 2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2015.7104613.
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Cheng, Kuang-Yao, Feng Yu, Shuilin Tian, Fred C. Lee, and Paolo Mattavelli. "Digital hybrid ripple-based constant on-time control for voltage regulator modules." In 2011 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2011. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2011.5744619.
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Qasem, Leen, Dima Kilani, Baker Mohammad, and Mihai Sanduleanu. "Time-based Digital LDO Regulator." In 2019 31st International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icm48031.2019.9021571.
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Saggini, S., M. Loghi, O. Zambetti, A. Zafarana, and L. Corradini. "Autotuning technique for digital constant on-time controllers." In 2014 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2014.6803438.
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Wang, Gang, Gregory Hiemenz, Wei Hu, and Norman M. Wereley. "A Constant Stroking Load Regulator for Shock Absorption." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-4942.
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The goal of this study is to provide shock mitigation in an active (or semi-active) shock absorption system, typically comprising of a spring, and an adjustable stroking load element, such as an adaptive energy absorber (EA) or semiactive damper element, in which the stroking load can be electronically adjusted in real-time. Typically, there is a maximum limiting stroking load that can be accommodated by a payload. Thus, a Constant Stroking Load Regulator (CSLR) is developed that accepts sensor feedback, and then selects control gains that result in the energy absorber (EA) providing the required controllable stroking load. A key benefit of this regulator is that it is capable of adapting to a varying range of payload mass, impulse types, and impulse excitation levels. The payload mass is measured and used as a control input parameter. The measured impact velocity is used to determine the impulse acceleration level by assuming an impulse profile, which tends to be application-specific. Finally, the required constant stroking load is determined using a physics-based model. The CSLR is designed to achieve a “soft landing” such the payload comes to rest when the available stroke is used completely, in order to minimize the stroking load and thereby minimize the potential for payload damage. The CSLR methodology was then experimentally validated for a representative occupant protection system consisting of a seat suspension with an adaptive stroking element, which in this case was a magnetorheological energy absorber (MREA). A MREA was used as the stroking element because its stroking load can be adjusted electronically. To validate the CSLR strategy, experimental drop tests were conducted for two different payloads. The impact velocity was 10.3 ft/s (3.15 m/s) and the acceleration profile was a 50 ms duration half-sine pulse. The constant stroking load was pre-calculated as a function of payload mass and initial velocity. During each drop test, the required stroking load was supplied to the MREA in order to achieve a “soft landing.” The CSLR was successfully demonstrated under laboratory conditions. These tests demonstrated feasibility of using the CSLR, in conjunction with a MREA as the stroking element.
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Tong, Baoli, Wei Yan, and Xiaofang Zhou. "A constant-gain time-amplifier with digital self-calibration." In 2009 IEEE 8th International Conference on ASIC (ASICON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asicon.2009.5351370.
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Pezzini, Paolo, Kenneth M. Bryden, David Tucker, and Larry Banta. "Multi-Coordination of Actuators in Advanced Power Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42993.
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Multi-coordination of actuators for a highly integrated, tightly coupled advanced power system was evaluated using the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project facility at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). A two-by-two scenario in a fuel cell, turbine hybrid power system was utilized as a representative problem in terms of system component coupling during transients and setpoint changes. In this system, the gas turbine electric load is used to control the turbine speed, and the cold air bypass valve regulated fuel cell cathode mass flow. Perturbations in the turbine speed caused by variations in the waste heat from the fuel cell affect the cathode airflow, and the cold-air bypass control action required for constant cathode airflow strongly affects the turbine speed. Previous implementation of two single-input, single-output (SISO) controllers failed to provide acceptable disturbance rejection and setpoint tracking under these highly coupled conditions. A multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) controller based on the classic internal model control (IMC) concept was implemented and experimentally tested for the first time using the Hyper project facility. The state-space design of the MIMO configuration, the control law integration into the digital control platform, and the experimental comparison with the SISO case are presented.
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Jin, Yanyan, Jianping Xu, and Guohua Zhou. "Constant on-time digital peak voltage control for buck converter." In 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2010.5618100.
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Ye, Kaixuan, and Min Tan. "A Dual-Channel Digital Low Dropout Regulator with Time-Division-Multiplexing Scheme." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icta48799.2019.9012863.
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Ojima, Naoki, Toru Nakura, Tetsuya Iizuka, and Kunihiro Asada. "A Synthesizable Digital Low-Dropout Regulator Based on Voltage-to-Time Conversion." In 2018 IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc.2018.8644879.
Full textReports on the topic "Digital time constant regulator"
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Solovyanenko, Nina I. Legal features of innovative (digital) entrepreneurship in the agricultural and food sector. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2021-70008.
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Modern agricultural production and food trade are involved in the process of digital transformation, which is a cardinal factor of sustainable development and is carried out on the basis of IT platforms, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the dependence of these sectors of the economy on information and communication technology infrastructure and services. At the same time, the slow updating of legislation, which lags behind the constantly improving digital technologies, not only hinders their implementation, but also is a source of a number of social and legal problems. A modern regulatory framework based on digital strategies should strengthen "smart agriculture". In Russia, the legal mechanism of digital transformation and development of the national platform "Digital Agriculture" should be supported by updated basic legislation.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.
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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor