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1
Vyas, Kanchan. "The Future of Payments in India: An Analysis of Digital Rupee and UPI." REST Journal on Banking, Accounting and Business 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jbab/2/1/5.
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The Reserve Bank of India’s digital rupee (e₹) and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) are transforming the future of payments in India. In our research study, researcher adopted a qualitative method to understand existing literature on the topic. Official and non-official websites were analyzed for information. The study relied on secondary data only, as there was limited prior research in this area. This study analyzes the impact and potential of the digital rupee and UPI in the Indian financial landscape. The digital rupee, launched on December 1, 2022, offers many advantages over traditional paper currency, including security, accessibility, and government backing. The study also highlights potential drawbacks such as disruption to the banking system and security concerns. On the other hand, UPI is a platform for facilitating banking transactions, different from the digital rupee. The integration of the digital rupee with existing payment systems such as UPI and IMPS is expected to increase financial inclusion and reduce transaction costs. The study answers key research questions and concludes that the digital rupee and UPI have the potential to play a significant role in the future of payments in India.
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Dash, Bibhu, Meraj F. Ansari, Pawankumar Sharma, and Swati Swayam siddha. "Future Ready Banking with Smart Contracts - CBDC and Impact on the Indian Economy." International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications 14, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2022.14504.
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India is significantly diverse in culture and how it promotes business transactions. Though we are very acquainted with cash, cards, and online mode of payment, the Indian rural economy still believes in the barter system. At this juncture, India is evolving as a tech power house, and its economy is thriving to embrace cryptocurrency as a medium of exchange. After the Indian finance minister declared the same last February that India is working towards building its legal tender called Central Bank-backed Digital Currency (CBDC), this paper is making an impact in explaining our strengths, weakness, market readiness, and necessity to adopt a digital rupee when India's economy is highly regarded as a cashoriented economy. Is our country ready to accept the new technological shift in smart banking in the form of a digital rupee? The paper highlights the socioeconomic and technical challenges our planners need to understand before changing the Central banks' monetary policies. The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) cellular network technology has sparked renewed interest in the potential of blockchain to automate different cellular network use cases. 5G is projected to open up new market prospects for small and large businesses. The article highlights the unique instrument of the digital rupee to enhance peer-to-peer transactions with the evolution of 5G mobile technology.
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Char, Sudhanva. "2016 Rupee Demonetization (Dn): It’s a Success!" International Review of Business and Economics 2, no. 2 (2018): 147–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.7.
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The November 2016 Dn of the rupee is a phenomenal event in India’s monetary history with spillovers into every nook and corner of Indian economy, and yet it has hardly received the attention it warrants from economists and other professionals. To better understand the socioeconomic consequences this paper compiles and evaluates the positives and negatives of Dn in spite of challenges in quantifying them. There was uproar at the outset because of the market turmoil notebandi caused, but some twenty months later Indian economy is doing well on the Dn stress test. This is evident in a) the broadening of the tax base, b) the relatively higher degree of compliance with filing income tax returns and reduction in black money, c) the new business regulations related to Goods and Services Tax (GST) leaving little scope for corrupt ways, d) increasingly higher rates of growth in GDP and notably, e) the swift transformational change in economic behavior triggering better tax compliance as well as the exodus to digital payment modalities, and the concurrent reduction in habitual need for cash. The five structural changes above normally have a long gestation. However, the successful ongoing makeover in India in so short a time by itself calls for an intensive study tempting one to suspect if nation-state pride is one of the drivers of reform.
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P Aparanji, Dr Pavan. "ROLE OF DIGITAL CURRENCY AND BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGY ON INDIAN ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RBI AND GOVERNMENT RECENT REFORMS IN DIGITAL RUPEE." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 10 (February 1, 2023): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v07i10.021.
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India has many in need of help. It has approximately 1.4 billion people, making it the second most populous country in the world. This makes it the world's second-largest country with a relatively lowdensity density population. Unfortunately, it is second only to China in income disparity, where over 43 percent of the population makes below the national poverty line. The Center for Internet & Society at Stanford University notes that India's child sex ratio (1,006 females per 1,000 males) is the worst in the world; and, in 2008, the nation had a literacy rate of only 74 percent, which is also the lowest in the world. It also says that half the Indians are expected to live below the poverty line by 2020.
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Nedumaran, Swamikannu, Aravazhi Selvaraj, Ravi Nandi, Bhattacharjee Suchiradipta, Padmanabhan Jyosthnaa, and Disha Bose. "Digital integration to enhance market efficiency and inclusion of smallholder farmers: a proposed model for fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0165.
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High-value agriculture in India is witnessing a transformation, specifically in fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV). Supply chain stakeholders, mainly small and marginal farmers, receive a very minimal share in consumer rupee due to market uncertainty, high post-harvest losses, information asymmetry, lack of processing facilities and the erratic demand-supply situation. The current study draws from an extensive review to propose a competitive, inclusive, sustainable and scalable supply chain model of primary processing centers connecting farmers directly and efficiently with consumers. The proposed model will connect producers with the rest of the supply chain and streamline the supply chain process to reduce post-harvest losses as much as possible. The integration of a market information system will ensure transparency to help in better decision-making, reduced intermediaries and information asymmetry for producers, as well as the systematic disposal of the produce. The model will increase the efficiency of the FFV supply chain and has practical implications for agribusiness management and policymakers in relation to FFV supply chain development in India.
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Patil, Manasi, Athar Qureshi, Elina Naydenova, Anand Bang, Jay Halbert, Maarten De Vos, Poornima Nair, Madhumita Patil, and Melissa M. Medvedev. "Assessing a digital technology-supported community child health programme in India using the Social Return on Investment framework." PLOS Digital Health 2, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): e0000363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000363.
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An estimated 5.0 million children aged under 5 years died in 2020, with 82% of these deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia. Over one-third of Mumbai’s population has limited access to healthcare, and child health outcomes are particularly grave among the urban poor. We describe the implementation of a digital technology-based child health programme in Mumbai and evaluate its holistic impact. Using an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered mobile health platform, we developed a programme for community-based management of child health. Leveraging an existing workforce, community health workers (CHW), the programme was designed to strengthen triage and referral, improve access to healthcare in the community, and reduce dependence on hospitals. A Social Return on Investment (SROI) framework is used to evaluate holistic impact. The programme increased the proportion of illness episodes treated in the community from 4% to 76%, subsequently reducing hospitalisations and out-of-pocket expenditure on private healthcare providers. For the total investment of Indian Rupee (INR) 2,632,271, the social return was INR 34,435,827, delivering an SROI ratio of 13. The annual cost of the programme per child was INR 625. Upskilling an existing workforce such as CHWs, with the help of AI-driven decision- support tools, has the potential to extend capacity for critical health services into community settings. This study provides a blueprint for evaluating the holistic impact of health technologies using evidence-based tools like SROI. These findings have applicability across income settings, offering clear rationale for the promotion of technology-supported interventions that strengthen healthcare delivery.
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Anisiuba, Chika Anastesia, Obiamaka P. Egbo, Felix C. Alio, Chuka Ifediora, Ebele C. Igwemeka, C. O. Odidi, and Hillary Chijindu Ezeaku. "Analysis of Cryptocurrency Dynamics in the Emerging Market Economies: Does Reinforcement or Substitution Effect Prevail?" SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402110025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211002516.
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We analyzed cryptocurrency dynamics in the global U.S. dollar–denominated market and the emerging market economies (EMEs) with a view to ascertaining whether activities in these markets are predominantly shaped by reinforcement or substitution effect. Cryptocurrencies analyzed include the Bitcoins, Ethereum, Litecoin, Steller, Bitcoin Cash, and USD Tether. The results suggest that, on average, correlation between digital assets in the cryptocurrencies’ ecosystem is positive. However, there is evidence of an outlier with respect to the USD Tether (USDT) in the global market, revealing that the USDT is negatively associated with all other cryptocurrencies. This is supported by the dynamic regression results that provided evidence of reinforcement effect in favor of the USDT in the global crypto market, thus confirming the status of the USDT as “Stablecoin” as it is pegged 1:1 to USD. In the global market context, the results also revealed that USDT/USD returns had identical outliers that could portend lesser chances of extreme gains or losses compared with suggestions of extreme gains or losses in the EMEs. Furthermore, USDT did not seem to have similar evolution in the EMEs where it had relatively marginal influence in the markets. The vector error correction (VEC) estimate showed mixed results between Altcoins in all the markets; moreover, our finding showed that reinforcement effects hold in favor of Steller (XLM) both in the Russian ruble and Indian rupee crypto markets, whereas the Chinese yuan crypto market was predominantly characterized by substitution effect in favor of Bitcoin.
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Ghani, Muskan, Promita Mukherjee, and Biswajit Ray. "Identifying the Major Demographic Factors Determining Unified Payments Interface Usage: A Study Based on West Bengal." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 12, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2023.12.1.3364.
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Around 44 billion digital transactions were recorded across India during the financial year 2021. Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic hit India, a significant growth in the number of digital payments has also occurred. The value of transaction is estimated to rise up to 385 trillion Indian rupees by the financial year 2026 (Statista, 2022). Given this importance of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) usage, we surveyed 205 respondents from rural and urban West Bengal to explore the determinants of UPI usage and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on UPI use, if any. We used logistic regression and independent sample t-test and found that males and younger individuals use UPI more than females and aged persons, while we do not see any difference in usage across income brackets and between rural and urban areas. The implication is that to make India digital, those who use UPI less, such as females and the aged, should be encouraged to participate more in UPI usage.
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B, Pavithra, and Sharma G. V. M. "Role of MUDRA Yojana in financing women entrepreneurs in India." BOHR International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 2, no. 1 (2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijsshr.2023.31.
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After agriculture, microenterprises are a major economic segment that provides large employment opportunities. According to the 2021–2021 annual report for MSMEs [micro, small, and medium enterprises], there were 630.52 lakhs of microenterprises, 1076.19 lakhs of people gained employment opportunities, and 30.27% to India’s GDP came from these microenterprises. Microfinance is the tool to reduce poverty and income inequality and to provide financial services for self-employment opportunities to underprivileged citizens in both rural and urban areas. To promote gender equality and entrepreneurial spirit, it is necessary to finance women’s empowerment. PMMY [Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana] and MUDRA [Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd.] by the Government of India aims at providing financial support to the NCSBS [Non-Corporate Small Business Sector]. Usually these sectors operate as unregistered enterprises and are not covered under taxation, and they face a lack of financial support from banks and other financial institutions. MSE borrower accounts stood at 5.37 crore rupees, with a financial support of 32.14 crore rupees as of 2021– 2022. MUDRA provides refinance to microenterprises through various financial institutions like private sector banks, public sector banks, co-operatives, and MFIs [Micro Finance Institutions]. This article aims to understand the background of MUDRA Yojana, the activities covered, the schemes under MUDRA Yojana, and the overall performance of MUDRA Yojana in financing women entrepreneurs in India. MUDRA has come up with various digital supports that enable the entrepreneurs to access various financial needs.
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Tirpude, Raman. "Study of Impact of Digital marketing on Consumer Buying Behaviour for Electronic Goods." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40348.
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Abstract: The buying behavior of consumer is changing at a faster rate in the customer oriented market environment. Consumer behaviour differs when it involves the merchandise, price, features, quality, packaging, buying behaviour, status, generation, age of the customer etc. however, youth is that the most intricate group to correspond with. The changing preferences of the present day youth affects the buying pattern with trends and fashion. Therefore, Marketers spend crores of rupees and invest an excessive amount of time on marketing research per annum to spot and predict the changing youth behaviour. Now digital platforms has posed many challenges to the marketer in the retail segment. The present generation is more fascinated with the web shopping than the traditional buying. The marketers are forced to introduce the innovative way of selling due to the pressure of the younger generation’s buying behaviour. Customers use the web not only to shop for the merchandise online, but also to match prices, product features and after sale service facilities the desire receive. In addition to the tremendous potential of the E-business market, the web provides a singular opportunity for companies to more efficiently reach existing and potential customers. The popular digital retailing companies in India are Myntra, Flipkart Snap deal, Amazon.com and e-Bay etc. The five dominant factors which influence consumer perceptions for digitalshopping are information, easy to use, satisfaction, security, proper utilization of available information to compare the different products. Keywords: Customer, Digital shopping, Digital marketing, Buying Behaviour
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Abhishek, A. Sampath. "Predictive Analytics with Machine Learning for Fraud Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39046.
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Abstract: The popularity of online shopping is growing day by day. In financial year 2021, over 40 billion digital transactions worth more than a quadrillion Indian rupees were recorded across the country. As the number of credit card users rise world- wide, the opportunities for attackers to steal credit card details and subsequently, commit fraud are also increasing. Since humans tend to exhibit specific behavioristic profiles, every cardholder can be represented by a set of patterns containing information about the typical purchase category, the time since the last purchase, the amount of money spent etc. So these frauds can be detected through various algorithms mainly random forest and logistic regression. To enhance the boost and build model with much more efficiency adaboost is also added. Keywords: Fraud detection, behavioristic profile, random forest, logistic regression, adaboost
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Noopur Shukla, Kiran. "READINESS OF RURAL INDIA FOR ONLINE EDUCATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15835.
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India is a developing country with a large population living below the poverty line in villages. Rural India still lags behind in important modern facilities like high speed internet connectivity, 24 hours power supply and devices necessary for digital transactions. This study was undertaken to explore the availability of services and devices needed for online education. A self made questionnaire was used to collect data.100 families from two villages, near Manauri, located at 20 km away from headquarter of Prayagraj district were the participants. The questionnaire collected information regarding types of houses, source of income, family size, no. of working member, availability of devices needed for online education and its awareness etc. Percentage analysis was done. It was found that socio- economic condition of the families was very poor as 38 % families were living in kaccha houses. Majority (80%) having only one earning member with average income varied from 5000 to 8000 rupees per month. Most (70 %) of them were labourer working on daily wages. Only 35 % children have access to touch phones for academic use.
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SHARMA, Rishabh. "Cyber Security to Safeguard Cyber Attacks." International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime 11, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19107/ijisc.2022.02.05.
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A virtual world or an online world is referred to as cyberspace. It is a communication-enabled artificial world created by computers or internet-enabled devices or components. It is a web-based platform that allows users to interact and communicate with one another. Cybercrime is an area of crime that is rapidly expanding around the world. It is defined as an offense committed using computers or internet-enabled devices. Currently, most of the economic, social, and governmental activities and interactions of countries, at all levels, including individuals, non-governmental organizations, and government institutions, are carried out in cyberspace. Recently, many private companies and government organizations worldwide have been facing the problem of cyber-attacks. With the increasing volume and sophistication of cyberattacks on data at both the personal and organizational levels, there is a greater need to safeguard personal information and sensitive business data. This study aims to comprehensively review the standard advances presented in the cyber security field and investigate the challenges and preventive measures for the proposed methods. Different types of new descendant attacks are considered in detail. The paper will discuss how cyber-attacks steal millions of rupees or dollars from digital wallets and how an individual or organization can save them from such attacks.
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Qasim, Muhammad, and Muhammad Ahmad Shah. "A Research on the Status and Challenges of Library Automation in the University Libraries of Faisalabad Division, Pakistan." Winter 2023 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i1.174.
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The digital era has brought a revolution in every field of life and has changed traditional practices strongly. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the status and challenges of library automation in university libraries of Faisalabad Division, Pakistan. The study used a quantitative research method by following the survey technique to collect data from the entire population. All the university libraries of Faisalabad Division were surveyed, and a total of 15 librarians out of a total of 10 universities responded. The other findings depicted that the university library professionals were taking a minimum salary between 31 thousand to 60 thousand while the maximum was above one Lac rupees. The library automation status showed that all the university libraries were partially automated, and KOHA software was used for automation. The main reason behind the usage of KOHA software was that it was open source self-modified library software. The respondents were overall satisfied with the performance of the software. The respondents were supported by their parent organizations, whereas the annual amount of budget was not sufficient. The respondents of the study agreed with the statements that the library software had the necessary features to automate library functions and were also satisfied with the organization’s financial support to some extent.
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"Digital rupee- A rival for cryptos?" Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 13, S01 (January 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.s01.174.
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-, Pallavi M. Kandalkar, and Prasad A. Khanzode -. "Techno Smart Digitalization of Currency: e-Rupee, The Indian Prospective." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.icmrs23.152.
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“Central Bank Digital Currency” is the new buzzword in world economy in recent past. Digital currency has a potential to bring revolutionary shift in the economy and uplift the monetary infrastructure of global economy. Till December 2022, 11 countries had launched their digital currencies in pilot survey or fully functional form. Recently, India has launched Digital Rupee -Wholesale (e₹-W), on November 1, 2022, and Retail (e₹-W), on December 1, 2022. The Global digital payment market has marked exponential growth in past few years. Even in India the value of e-payment market grew from ₹1393 lakh crore in 2016 to ₹3,000 lakh crore in 2021. With increasing user-friendly interfaces like UPI, also convenient modes like internet banking, debit cards, credit cards, NEFT, RTGS etc. and cutting-edge technologies, the population is livered to digital platform for payments. And hence it can be assumed that people would respond to e-rupees as a digital currency as well.
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"E-Rupee: The Digital Currency Evolution in India." European Economic Letters, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/eel.v13i3.632.
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-, Kirti Wadhawan, Prashant Dwivedi -, and Dimple Wadhawan -. "A Holistic Study on India’s Currency Revolution: E-rupee." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 4 (August 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i04.5817.
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In the realm of digital revolution and advancement, the subject matter of currency had been evolved to many different scenarios. From coins to notes to plastic money and finally to digital currency, our traditional medium of exchange had gone through a big transition in the past decades. In the economic concept of going for paperless and cashless, man has developed several different modes like Debit card and credit cards (Plastic money) as meeting economic settlement of exchange. But unfortunately, due to environmental commitment of cutting the utility of plastics and centralization of chips manufacturing ability to some few nation’s only, the concept of plastic money can’t be a one fix permanent solution to this currency revolution initiatives. Therefore we have many economies today who are concentrating their efforts towards making their currency digital. The concept of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is the new concept in this story of currency Revolution. If we check out the global scenario, there are close to 10 countries around the world who have digital currency, as per the reports of India times. To a surprise of the world, we had littoral and islands nation’s too, who are really doing a good job to channelize their currency towards a digital shift. The Bahamas, Jamaica and Singapore like island nation’s too had taken a massive step towards currency digitalization. In the bid to make Indian Currency also adapt with this digital shift, we in India too had successfully running our currency digitalization for the E-Rupees. Although, E-Rupees success in India is yet in the pilot stage and its full-fledged implementation is yet to be put in place. But the point of the matter is that India very soon is going to be in e rupees market. E rupee will going to be in every pocket very soon. Thanks to the digitalization, and demonetization of 2016 that E-Rupees will be the new reality of India. E-Rupees will be in every hands very soon. Point of the matter is that we all must push our self for this currency revolution. India is hopeful That the pilot project of E-Rupees will chase the full-fledged success and very soon India will chase economic triumph. The introduction of E-Rupees will initiate a new dawn of economic growth for the Indian people. Indians will be going to be more empowered in the financial terms as Indian Central Bank i.e. will be making better initiatives for strengthening the businesses as well as Indian citizens. In this research paper, we will be analyzing all the aspects about E-Rupees and how it can be a game changer for Indian Economy in the coming years. Also we will be focusing on its potential merits and demerits of aggregate economy as a whole as well as for the ultimate users. This research paper is prepared from the secondary data sources, and after taking references from like-minded journals, magazines, articles, editorials and research papers. The aim of writing this research paper is to highlight the fact that How Indian Currency is stepping ahead towards digital revolution in this digitalized world.
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-, Tushar Manohar Kotak. "Digital Rupee and its impact on the Indian Economy." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.icmrs23.244.
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With the launch of Digital Currency by RBI, India is expected to witness a substantial growth in the digitization to witness a substantial growth in the digitization of money and take a step further towards facilitating a cashless economy, digital rupee will add resilience associated with innovation in the way payments are made it will also boost innovation in the cross-border payment space, the markets will develop more huge cases in time to come as per their specific requirement. This paper gives a guided four of the growing literature on CBDC on the microeconomic considerations related to operational architectures, technologies and privy.
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Simranpreet Kaur and Priyanka. "Crypto Currency." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, May 16, 2022, 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-3726.
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Recently, our Finance Minister Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman announced that there will be a tax of 30% on income from crypto currencies. For the taxation purpose, crypto currencies have now been included in the definition of Virtual Digital Asset. By choosing this topic we will analysis how this currency will impact economy of India and world if it is recognized by most of the nation of the world or whether this currency is suitable for a large and diverse country like India. Today, crypto currency, led by Bit coin, Lit coin, Ether, etc. are taking the financial world by storm as more people invest and buy these currencies. Despite its growing popularity governments are cracking down on the digital currency because it is decentralized, meaning it has no central authority in the way the Indian government holds authority over the Rupee or Dollar. Therefore, some experts believe crypto poses a threat to central banks and national security.
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"Detection of Counterfeit Indian Currency Note using Image Processing." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 2440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a9972.109119.
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Most of the country suffering from the problem of counterfeit note. Indian is also part of such problem. As advance in technology, it is possible for anyone to print counterfeit note. Such counterfeit notes are produced without the legal sanction of Government and production of such notes degrades the economy of any country. After demonetization in India Newly 500 and 2000 currency notes are launched but due to misuse of advanced technology, fake currency of such notes are produced by counterfeiter due to its high value and circulated in most of the part of our country. With the production and circulation of such counterfeit notes, it becomes difficult for common people to differentiate whether the currency is real or fake as they differentiate on the basis of physical appearance which effects the economy of our country. Here a system is proposed to differentiate between real and fake note which is based on the image processing technique and implemented in MATLAB. In this technique, first the image of 500 and 2000 rupee note is captured through the digital camera and perform preprocessing in order to remove noise and then mean intensity of RGB channels of image is calculated and further the three different features including Latent image, RBI Logo and denomination numeral with Rupee symbol are extracted to differentiate between real and fake note. The performance of the proposed system achieves good accuracy rate.
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Jha, Kaushal Kumar. "Digital Payments and e-RUPI for the New Age India: An Overview." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 09 (September 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem24811.
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This paper presents an overview of Digital Payment in India which refers to the electronic transactions conducted between individuals, businesses, and government entities using digital channels. It involves the transfer of money or payments through online platforms, mobile devices, or other digital means, eliminating the need for physical cash or checks. India has witnessed significant growth in digital payment systems in recent years, driven by various initiatives and advancements in technology. In a country that has historically relied heavily on cash transactions, the advent of digital payment systems has ushered in a new era of convenience, efficiency, and financial inclusion. Digital payment in India has transformed the way financial transactions are conducted, moving the country towards a more inclusive, transparent, and efficient economy. The advent of UPI, mobile wallets, Aadhaar-enabled payments, and other digital payment systems has empowered individuals, facilitated business transactions, and enabled the government to deliver benefits and subsidies directly to beneficiaries. As India continues to embrace the digital revolution, the landscape of digital payment systems is expected to evolve further, driving economic growth and financial empowerment for all. Along with that, e-RUPI is a digital payment solution introduced in India to facilitate contactless and voucher- based transactions. Launched by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) in collaboration with the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and various other stakeholders, e- RUPI aims to enhance the efficiency and transparency of government welfare schemes and targeted subsidies. Keywords: Digital Payment, E-Rupee, UPI, Cash Transactions, NPCI, Mobile wallet.
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C A, Aswath, Sathik Babu M B, Bharath Bharath, and Prem Kumar. "TO EVALUATE THE ACCURACY OF PRE-OPERATIVE DIGITAL TEMPLATING IN FINDING THE PROBABALE FEMORAL HEAD SIZE TO THAT OF ACTUAL INTRAOPERATIVE SIZE IN BIPOLAR HEMIARTHROPLASTY OF HIP." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, February 1, 2023, 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/9116824.
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Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative digital templating in nding the probable femoral head size to that of actual intra-operative size in bipolar hemiarthroplasty of hip. After obtaining ethical committee clearanc Methods: e, 33 patients were included in the study who met the Inclusion criteria. They were subjected to pre operative X rays using a 5 Rupee coin as a reference template. The actual Femoral head size calculated intra-operatively using the head ring template was then compared to that of the probable head size derived as per formula. The study period was for 1 year and it was a prospective study. Pearson correlation r value Results: is .755; p<0.05 which indicates there is positive correlation between B1 Actual size of the Femoral head in cm with Formula value. Pearson correlation r value is .961; p<0.05 which indicates there is highly positive correlation between B1 Actual size of the Femoral head in cm with B2 Radiographic size of Femoral head in cm. Conclusion: This method is a convenient and practical method of scaling magnication which can be applied in everyday X-ray procedures. The current results support the hypothesis that this method enables accurate templating with digital X-rays.
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Muniyandi, Malaisamy, Jayabal Lavanya, Nagarajan Karikalan, Balakrishnan Saravanan, Sellappan Senthil, Sriram Selvaraju, and Rajesh Mondal. "Estimating TB diagnostic costs incurred under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme: a costing study from Tamil Nadu, South India." International Health, February 11, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa105.
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Abstract Background The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) of India is aiming to eliminate TB by 2025. The programme has increased its services and resources to strengthen the accurate and early detection of TB. It is important to estimate the cost of TB diagnosis in India considering the advancement and implementation of new diagnostic tools under the NTEP. The objective of this study was to estimate the unit costs of providing TB diagnostic services at different levels of public health facilities with different algorithms implemented under the NTEP in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, South India. Methods This costing study was conducted from the perspective of the health system. This study used only secondary data and information that were available in the public domain. Data were collected with the approval of health authorities. The patient's diagnostic path from the point of registration until the final diagnosis was considered in the costing exercise. The unit costs of different diagnostic tools used in the NTEP implemented by Chennai Corporation were calculated. Results We estimated the unit cost of the eight laboratory tests (Ziehl–Neelsen [ZN], fluorescence microscopy [FM], x-ray, digital x-ray, gene Xpert MTB/RIF (cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT] that identifies rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis) Mycobacterium Tuberculosis/Rifampicin [MTB/RIF], mycobacteria growth indicator tube [MGIT], line probe assay [LPA] and Lowenstein Jensen [LJ] culture) for diagnosis of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. The unit costs included fixed and variable costs for smear examination by ZN microscopy (₹ [Indian Rupee] 326 [US${\$}$4.72], FM (₹104 [US${\$}$1.5]), x-ray (₹218 [US${\$}$3.15]), digital X-ray (₹281 [US${\$}$4.07]), gene Xpert MTB/RIF (₹1137 [US${\$}$16.47]), MGIT (₹7038 [US${\$}$102]), LPA (₹6448 [US${\$}$93.44]) and LJ culture (₹4850 [US${\$}$70.28]). Out of 10 diagnostic algorithms used for TB diagnosis, algorithms using only smear microscopy had the lowest cost, followed by smear microscopy with x-ray for drug-sensitive TB (₹104 [US${\$}$1.5] to ₹544 [US${\$}$7.88]). Diagnostic algorithms for drug-resistant TB involving LPA and gene Xpert MTB/RIF were the most expensive. Conclusions Understanding the various costs contributing to TB diagnosis in India provides crucial evidence for policymakers, programme managers and researchers to optimise programme spending and efficiently use resources.
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BHUVANESH, N., and M. GAUTHAMAN. "NOVEL DIGITAL LOCK SYSTEM." International Journal of Electronics Signals and Systems, October 2012, 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/ijess.2012.1091.
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In this paper we have proposed a new digital lock model which is primarily designed for low cost intermediate security purpose. Even though there are digital locks available this one is designed keeping the common man in mind. It will be the first digital locking system that would be available at a price less than 700 rupees. The recent increase in burglary levels proves the fact that the lever locking system is no more reliable and effective, but on the other hand the present digital locks are around 3000 rupees making it over priced. So this clearly shows the need for an intermediate effective digital locking system. Our novel digital locking system is aimed exactly to solve the above stated problem. Our model is an outcome of embedded system and can works using an 8051 microcontroller interfaced with a 16*2 lcd to perform logical operations. The input is given by the user using 3*3 matrixes key padded system. The locking system consist of a power lock which is widely used in automobiles, it primarily consist of an dc motor which on rotating moves the lever back and forth depending on the direction of rotation. The interrupt pins are used to clear the buzzer which is connected to port 3 pins which thereby notifies the user immediately in case of theft or burglary.
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Naz Baig, Farah. "Bricks or clicks? Marketing dilemmas at Dawlance." Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases, January 3, 2023, 204388692211457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20438869221145700.
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Hasan Jameel, chief marketing officer at Dawlance, faced a strategic dilemma during the Covid pandemic. Founded in 1980, Dawlance was the leading home appliances company in Pakistan. Its products were distributed mainly through the dealer network to the end customers. The coronavirus pandemic led to lockdowns and disruption in the availability of goods. Jamil knew that this was the right time to go digital with their high-ticket appliances business. However, that move may create a backlash from the existing 1800 distributor spread all across the country. Covid was at its peak and he had to find a solution for the stagnant sales. Should he create an e-commerce platform or should he utilize the traffic of the biggest marketplace, Daraz, or should he use a combination of channels? His core target group included married couples in the urban and semi-urban centers. Would channel additions help him retain customers who were having issues during the pandemic? His team was unwilling to add the online channel option as they believed it would lead to a dealer backlash. He had 3 months and five million rupees to get the sales back on track.
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"The Effect of Best First Search Optimization on Credit Card Fraudulent Transaction Detection." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (October 10, 2019): 1939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l2894.1081219.
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In the digital world, Recently growth of online shopping site for purchasing clothes, electronic items, glossary etc and online transaction for transfer money is increasing day by day . At the same time, criminals have become able to doing fault and earning money through wrong ways .that’s why fraud grows. With the development of Machine Learning in the field of Computer Science and Engineering, its application in the different domain also in fields like Medical, Marketing, Telecommunication, finance, etc. The reason for the popularity of Machine Learning in these domains is due to its high accuracy prediction. That’s why over many years, machine learning has been used in fraud detection. With the advancement of technology in online transactions, fraud is the greatest issue for businesses and has become difficult to recognize than the traditional form of this crime. Historically, the area of Fraud Detection is interrelated to Data Mining & Text Mining. Due to the sudden growth of fraud whose outcome is loss of trillions of rupees worldwide every year, various modern techniques in detecting fraud were proposed that are progressed without interruption and applied to many business fields. Bank frauds worth ₹2.05 trillion happened in the last 11 years, among which there were overall 53,334 fraud issues in the usage of RBI data. The principle purpose behind this write up is to review different methods in identifying frauds corresponding to the unusualness in the transactions. The supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms will be used to identify fraud and the best first search optimization will be analyzed to compare both results, i.e., before and after optimization
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Saha, Somen, Deepak Saxena, Devang Raval, Nishad Halkarni, Rahul Doshi, Madhav Joshi, Mridhula Sridharan, et al. "Tuberculosis Monitoring Encouragement Adherence Drive (TMEAD): Toward improving the adherence of the patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis in Nashik, Maharashtra." Frontiers in Public Health 10 (December 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1021427.
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IntroductionAdherence to tuberculosis (TB) medication is one of the critical challenges to tuberculosis elimination in India. Digital adherence technologies (DAT) have the potential to facilitate medication adherence and monitor it remotely. Tuberculosis Monitoring Encouragement Adherence Drive (TMEAD) is one such DAT piloted in Nasik, Maharashtra, from April 2020 to December 2021. The study aims to assess the adherence and cost-effectiveness of TMEAD compared to the standard of care among patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) residing in the urban areas of Nasik, Maharashtra, India.MethodsA quasi-experimental study was conducted among new cases of TB as per the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) residing in the urban geography of Nasik. The intervention and control arms were purposively selected from non-contaminating TB units (TUs). A total of 400 DSTB patients (200 in the intervention group and 200 in the control group) were enrolled. After enrolment, patients in the intervention arm were provided with the TMEAD device and followed for 24 weeks to assess treatment outcomes. Adherence was measured as those patients who have completed 80% of prescribed doses, as reported during patient follow-up, and further validated by analyzing the trace of rifampicin in urine among 20% of patients from both arms. A budget impact analysis was done to assess the impact of the TMEAD program on the overall state health budget.ResultsOut of 400 enrolled DSTB patients, 261 patients completed treatment, 108 patients were on treatment, 15 patients died, and 16 patients were defaulters over the study period. The study reported overall treatment adherence of 94% among those who completed treatment. Patient reports indicated high levels of treatment adherence in the intervention group (99%) as compared to the control group (90%). Adherence assessed through analyzing trace of rifampicin in the urine sample for the intervention arm was 84% compared to the control arm (80%). Per beneficiary (discounted) cost for TMEAD was Indian rupees (INR) 6,573 (USD 83). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the intervention is INR 11,599 (USD 146), which shows that the intervention is highly cost-effective.ConclusionThis study revealed that patient-reported treatment adherence was high in TMEAD when compared to standard therapy of care for DSTB patients and the intervention is cost-effective. TMEAD could complement the national strategy to end TB by improving adherence to the treatment regimen in India.