Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Digital Real-Time Simulator'
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Gubba, Ravikumar Krishnanjan. "Distributed simulation of power systems using real time digital simulator." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06152009-222641.
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Yogendran, G. Henry. "Real time digital control system for power system analog simulator." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ53246.pdf.
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Vijapurapu, Vamsi Krishna. "Differential relay model development and validation using real time digital simulator." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-09222008-143941.
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Monaro, Renato Machado. "Lógica fuzzy aplicada na melhoria da proteção digital de geradores síncronos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-15032013-151305/.
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Este trabalho propõe um novo método de proteção de geradores síncronos baseado em inteligência artificial, mais especificamente lógica fuzzy, com o propósito de melhorar a proteção destes componentes vitais aos sistema elétricos de potência. Um sistema elétrico de potência completo composto por geradores, linhas de transmissão e cargas foi simulado através do Real Time Digital Simulator para fornecer dados para realização de testes e validação do algoritmo de proteção inteligente. Adicionalmente, foram desenvolvidos dois esquemas experimentais que proporcionaram a obtenção de um conjunto extensivo de ensaios de faltas internas em dois geradores síncronos reais, com o objetivo de fornecer dados para comprovar a eficácia da proteção proposta. Um sistema integrado de software e hardware cujo objetivo é servir de plataforma para desenvolver e executar em tempo real algoritmos de proteção aplicados foi desenvolvido. Esse sistema integrado foi utilizado nos testes embarcados em tempo-real do algoritmo de proteção desenvolvido. Apresenta-se também um arranjo composto por funções de proteção tradicionais mais utilizadas em campo, as quais serviram como base de comparação de desempenho para o esquema de proteção inteligente desenvolvido. Os resultados apresentados mostram que o método de proteção inteligente proposto é mais sensível para detectar instantaneamente faltas fase-terra em geradores síncronos com aterramento de alta-impedância, além de ser capaz de identificar faltas entre-espiras e entre-caminhosThis work presents the development of a synchronous generator protective technique based on artificial intelligence, specifically fuzzy logic, in order to improve the protection of these vital components of the electric power system. A complete electric power system composed of generators, transmission lines and loads was simulated using the Real Time Digital Simulator to provide data for testing and validating the intelligent protection algorithm. Additionally, an extensive set of internal fault experiments conducted on two actual synchronous generators provided oscillograms to demostrate the proposed protection effectiveness. An integrated hardware and software system whose purpose is to serve as a platform for developing and executing real-time protection algorithms is presented. This integrated system was used for real-time embedded testing of the protection algorithm developed. An arrangement composed of traditional protection functions most used in the field is also presented, this arrangement served as a comparison basis for the intelligent protection scheme performance. The results show that the intelligent protection is more sensitive to detect instantly ground faults in synchronous generators with high-impedance grounding, it is also shown that the proposed scheme is able to identify inter-turns and inter-circuits faults
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NASCIMENTO, Jamile Pinheiro. "Um algoritmo de proteção adaptativa para sistemas de distribuição com inserção de geração distribuída." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/444.
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JAMILE PINHEIRO NASCIMENTO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEE 2014..pdf: 2146495 bytes, checksum: e397e112357d55c0badad1a62f5324cf (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T22:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JAMILE PINHEIRO NASCIMENTO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEE 2014..pdf: 2146495 bytes, checksum: e397e112357d55c0badad1a62f5324cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08
Um algoritmo de proteção adaptativa para solucionar o problema da proteção de sistemas com geração distribuída é proposto. O algoritmo modifica as configurações dos relés de forma on-line, utilizando como informação de entrada, os estados dos disjuntores. Ao final, constatou-se que mesmo com a entrada ou saída dos geradores distribuídos, o sistema de distribuição continuou a ser protegido. Para validar o algoritmo utilizou-se um sistema-teste do IEEE e o Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS).
An adaptive protection algorithm to solve protecting systems with distributed generation problem is proposed. The algorithm modifies relays settings on on-line form, using circuit breakers state as input information. At the end, it was found that even with the input or output of distributed generators, distribution system continued to be protected. To validate the algorithm it was used an IEEE test system and the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS).
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Wang, Ge. "Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind power generation system simulation using real-time digital simulator (RTDS) a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=2000377761&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1277818196&clientId=28564.
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Santos, Athila Quaresma. "Um novo esquema para rejeição de cargas baseado em um sistema multiagentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-18082016-133244/.
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Esquemas de Rejeição de Cargas (RC) por subfrequência, utilizados para manter a frequência de operação de um Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP) próxima ao seu valor nominal, precisam ser criteriosamente projetados a fim de diminuir os riscos de colapso generalizado do sistema. Entretanto, pelos métodos convencionais, a quantidade de carga a ser rejeitada não leva em consideração a dinamicidade intrínseca do sistema, sendo baseada em conjecturas estáticas sobre porções do SEP. Como resultado, a redução da carga geralmente não é eficiente, gerando rejeição insuficiente ou excessiva. Neste cenário, este trabalho propõe um novo esquema para o controle da frequência em comparação aos processos de RC usualmente empregados. Com o propósito de superar as limitações e melhorar as principais funções desses processos é proposto um Sistema Multi Agentes (SMA) centralizado que irá coordenar as diversas etapas de monitoramento, processamento e tomada de decisão nos barramentos disponíveis para corte em situações de subfrequência. Busca-se dessa forma, desconectar o menor montante de cargas do sistema, por um curto espaço de tempo e com menor perturbação da frequência. Neste sentido, uma malha de controle fechada foi desenvolvida a partir da simulação de um sistema elétrico de potência completo via o Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). O SMA foi embarcado em um sistema integrado de hardware e software em tempo real para teste e validação da metodologia proposta. No contexto delineado, uma métrica de avaliação foi proposta para comparar o método proposto com outras duas filosofias convencionais de RC. Os resultados obtidos permitem evidenciar o bom desempenho do SMA frente às duas filosofias convencionais, principalmente no que se refere ao montante de carga a ser rejeitado, com boa aproximação do valor esperado.Automatic Under Frequency Load Shedding (AUFLS) schemes, used to maintain the frequency of an electric power system close to the nominal value, need to be carefully designed in order to reduce the risk of a widespread system collapse. However, the conventional methods do not take into account the inherent dynamics of an electric system and they are based on static assumptions. As a result, the shedding is generally not efficient, causing insufficient or excessive load discontinuity. In this scenario, this work proposes a new scheme for controlling the frequency compared to the AUFLS processes usually employed. In order to overcome the limitations of the methods usually employed and to improve the main functions of the AUFLS schemes, this work proposes a centralized MultiAgent System (MAS) that will coordinate the various stages of the monitoring and decision making process. The MAS seeks to disconnect a minimum amount of loads, in a short period of time and with less disturbance of the system frequency. A Hardware in Loop (HIL) configuration was developed from the simulation of a full electric system using the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). The MAS was embedded in a real time system, consisting of hardware and software to test and validate the proposed methodology. In addition, a scoring metric evaluation is defined in order to compare other two conventional AUFLS philosophies. The results show good performance of the proposed MAS. The shedding was carried out in a single step and the amount of load shed was very close to the expected value.
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Rocha, Rodolfo Varraschim. "Algoritmos recursivos e não-recursivos aplicados à estimação fasorial em sistemas elétricos de potência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-31052016-161000/.
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Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de algoritmos computacionais aplicados à estimação de fasores elétricos em SEPs. A medição dos fasores é realizada por meio da alocação de Unidades de Medição Fasorial nestes sistemas e encontra diversas aplicações nas áreas de operação, controle, proteção e planejamento. Para que os fasores possam ser aplicados, são definidos padrões de medição, sincronização e comunicação, por meio da norma IEEE C37.118.1. A norma apresenta os padrões de mensagens, timetag, fasores, sistema de sincronização, e define testes para avaliar a estimação. Apesar de abranger todos esses critérios, a diretriz não define um algoritmo de estimação padrão, abrindo espaço para uso de diversos métodos, desde que a precisão seja atendida. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho analisa alguns algoritmos de estimação de fasores definidos na literatura, avaliando o comportamento deles em determinados casos. Foram considerados, dessa forma, os métodos: Transformada Discreta de Fourier, Método dos Mínimos Quadrados e Transformada Wavelet Discreta, nas versões recursivas e não-recursivas. Esses métodos foram submetidos a sinais sintéticos, a fim de verificar o comportamento diante dos testes propostos pela norma, avaliando o Total Vector Error, tempo de resposta e atraso e overshoot. Os algoritmos também foram embarcados em um hardware, denominado PC104, e avaliados de acordo com os sinais medidos pelo equipamento na saída analógica de um simulador em tempo real (Real Time Digital Simulator).This work presents an analysis of computational algorithms applied to phasor estimation in Electrical Power Systems. The phasor estimation process uses the allocation of Phasor Measurement Units in the system and the measures can be used in many control, operation, planing and protection applications. Therefore, the power system phasors are very useful, specially if they have a common time reference, allowing the determination of the system\'s condition at a given time. The procedures necessary for power system\'s phasors estimation and application are defined by IEEE C37.118.1 standard. The standard defines the requirements for phasor estimation, presenting tests and a methodology to evaluate the algorithms performance. Thus, the standard defines the time tag and data patterns, some synchronization methods, and message examples, simplifying the communication requirements. Despite defining all these parts, the standard does not state which estimation algorithm should be used, making room for the use of various methods, since the standard precision is met. In this context, this work analyzes some phasor estimation algorithms defined in the literature, evaluating their behavior for some cases. It was adopted the recursive and non-recursive versions of the methods: Discrete Fourier Transform, Least Squares and Discrete Wavelet Transform. They were submitted to the standard signals, evaluating the Total Vector Error, time delays, and overshoots. The algorithms were also embedded in hardware (named PC104) and evaluated by real time simulated signals, measured by the PC104 using the analog outputs of a Real Time Digital Simulator.
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Velásquez, Omar Chayña Chayña. "Ajuste e ensaio de sistemas de proteção de geradores síncronos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-13062016-090911/.
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Os sistemas de proteção dos elementos da rede elétrica desempenham um papel de fundamental importância na segurança e confiabilidade dos sistemas de potência. A não atuação ou a atuação incorreta dos relés de proteção durante uma falta localizada em um componente da rede pode transformar-se em um evento sistêmico de grandes proporções (blecaute). Esses eventos trazem riscos e elevados prejuízos econômicos à sociedade. A proteção dos geradores síncronos, apesar do alto custo e complexidade deste tipo de equipamento, não recebe a mesma atenção na literatura que a dedicada à proteção de outros elementos da rede, como, por exemplo, a das linhas de transmissão. Isso decorre do menor número de geradores existentes na rede e também da ideia que as faltas neste tipo de equipamento são menos frequentes. Este trabalho aborda os principais aspectos envolvidos com o projeto de um sistema de proteção para geradores síncronos de grande porte. Incialmente, discutese os principais conceitos associados com os geradores, de interesse para a tarefa de proteção. Particular atenção é dedicada às formas de aterramento e aos critérios adotados para projeto do resistor de aterramento utilizado nesse equipamento. Em seguida, apresentam-se as principais funções de proteção aplicáveis aos geradores, particularmente aquelas voltadas para a detecção de faltas nos enrolamentos do estator. Discute-se também os critérios de ajustes dos parâmetros dessas funções. Descreve-se o uso de uma plataforma laboratorial, baseada em simulador de tempo real (RTDS), para ensaio e análise do sistema de proteção visando validar seu correto desempenho frente às possíveis condições operativas que podem ser encontradas em campo. Finalmente, utilizando os conceitos desenvolvidos ao longo do trabalho, desenvolve-se um estudo de caso, onde é realizado o projeto e implementação do sistema de proteção dos geradores de uma usina hidrelétrica hipotética. Para avaliar e analisar o desempenho do sistema de proteção dessa rede exemplo, parametrizou-se o IED G60 (GE) e realizou-se inúmeras simulações na plataforma de testes proposta.Protection systems play a critical role in the safety and reliability of electric power systems. The non-operation or wrong operation of protective relays during a fault in a network element can evolve to a systemic event in large scale (blackout). These events bring risks and high economic losses to society. Despite the high cost and complexity, the protection of synchronous generators has not received much attention in the literature devoted to protection of other network elements, such as transmission lines. This stems from the smaller number of generators in the network and also the idea that the faults in this type of equipment are less frequent. This research discusses the main aspects involved in the design of a protection system for large synchronous generators. Initially, it discusses the key concepts of interest to the generation protection. Particular attention is given to grounding techniques and the criteria adopted for the design of grounding resistors used in those equipment. Then the main protection functions applicable to generators are presented, particularly those related to fault detection in the stator windings. The criteria for setting the parameters of these functions are also discussed. After that, the use of a laboratory shelf, based on Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) for testing and analysis of the protection system, is described in order to validate the correct performance in face of possible operating conditions in the field. Finally, a study case is developed using the concepts developed throughout the research. Then, the design and implementation of the protection system of generators of a hypothetical hydroelectric plant are carried out. To evaluate and analyze the performance of this example network protection system, parameterized up IED G60 (GE) and held numerous simulations in the proposed test platform.
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Dargahi, Kafshgarkolaei Mahdi. "Stability analysis and implementation of Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop for power system testing." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/81957/1/Mahdi_Dargahi%20Kafshgarkolaei_Thesis.pdf.
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This project develops the required guidelines to assure stable and accurate operation of Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop implementations. The proposals of this research have been theoretically analyzed and practically examined using a Real-Time Digital Simulator. In this research, the interaction between software simulated power network and the physical power system has been studied. The conditions for different operating regimes have been derived and the corresponding analyses have been presented.
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Dinavahi, Venkata R. "Real-time digital simulation of switching power circuits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/NQ53721.pdf.
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Lu, Yujie Irene. "Real-time digital simulation of the generator model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42061.
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This thesis is in an attempt to realistically model a real-time digital generator which interfaces to an analog system simulator and which consists of the synchronous machine and its peripheral controllers such as the exciter and the governor-turbine subsystems. In this work, the exciter, the synchronous machine, the machine dynamics and the governor are modeled in detail while a simplified model of the turbine is used.
The synchronous machine, the main component of this simulation, solves the discretized Park's machine equations which include flux derivative tenns and tenns pertaining to the two amortisseur windings. Treatment of saturation effects in the mutual inductances is also discussed. The Park's model is arranged to obtain a field voltage and machine armature cutTent input - machine tenninal voltage output structure, where the armature current and terminal voltage are rotor based quantities (i.e. in d-q domain). In order to interface the Park's machine model to the analog system model, the Park's and inverse Park's transfonnation are implemented by software modules.
The implementation of a prototype model generator using a Motorola 68020 microprocessor and fast computer peripherals is discussed. The results of the digital computer simulation in real-time for the generator model under various operating conditions are presented.
Master of Science
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Panzitta, Michael James. "Synthesis of numerical integrators for the real-time digital simulation of continuous systems." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 1994. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/3046.
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University of Central Florida College of Engineering ThesisReal-time digital simulation is a powerful means for engineers and scientists in government, industry, and academia to perform research and training as well as serving as a basis for many commercial applications. Due to the special constraints imposed by digitally simulating continuous systems in real time, however, many of these systems either require costly high-speed components or are unable to provide suitable performance characteristics using affordable computers. This dissertation describes a new technique for the synthesis of numerical integrators specifically designed for the real-time digital simulation of continuous systems. This methodology is based upon the fact that the state derivatives in a simulation model typically have a significantly limited bandwidth. This information is exploited to improve the efficiency of numerical integrators by selecting the coefficients of a general-form integrator such that it approximates an ideal integrator over the limited frequency spectrum of the state derivative.
Ph.D.
Doctorate;
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering
135 p.
xix, 135 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Penrod, Nathan A. "Techniques for navigating a simulated realtime environment." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456399.
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Parle, John A. "Phase domain transmission line modelling for EMTP-type studies with application to real-time digital simulation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3756/.
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This research project is primarily concerned with the development of a new generation of power transmission lines for both non-real-time and real-time electromagnetic transient studies. The method proposed is entirely formulated in phase co-ordinates, avoiding the use of modal transformation matrices at every stage in the analysis. In comparison, the phase domain models presented thus far in the open literature have all incorporated the concept of modal decomposition in the initial frequency domain formulation of the problem. Only the time domain analysis is conducted in the phase domain. These models can therefore be regarded as a hybrid between the phase and modal methodologies. Algorithms are presented which allow accurate and efficient determination of the characteristic admittance matrix, Yc(), and wave propagation matrix, H(), directly in phase co-ordinates. A Padé iteration scheme is used for evaluating the characteristic admittance matrix, derived by exploiting a relationship between the matrix sign function and the matrix square root. Padé techniques have also been used to approximate the matrix exponential in order to evaluate the wave propagation function. By evaluating Yc() and H() directly in phase co-ordinates, any imbalances naturally present in the line will intrinsically be taken into account in these functions. Both methods have been extensively tested using line configurations of different size and complexity and both algorithms are shown to be very robust, accurate and efficient in all cases. One of the main difficulties in formulating the analysis entirely in phase co-ordinates for multiconductor systems concerns the unwinding of the wave propagation matrix. This is addressed in this research by evaluating a matrix phase shift function in phase co-ordinates. Since the method inherently takes into account the coupled time delays of the line, the elements of H() can be successfully unwound, irrespective of the configuration of the line, e.g. single-circuit, multi-circuit or asymmetrical.
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Eyring, Andrew Stuart. "Analysis of Closed-Loop Digital Twin." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9242.
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Given recent advancements in technology and recognizing the evolution of smart manufacturing, the implementation of digital twins for factories and processes is becoming more common and more useful. Additionally, expansion in connectivity, growth in data storage, and the implementation of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) allow for greater opportunities not only with digital twins but closed loop analytics. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has been used to create digital twins and in some instances fitted with live connections to closely monitor factory operations. However, the benefits of a connected digital twin are not easily quantified. Therefore, a test bed demonstration factory was used, which implements smart technologies, to evaluate the effectiveness of a closed-loop digital twin in identifying and reacting to trends in production. This involves a digital twin of a factory process using DES. Although traditional DES is typically modeled using historical data, a DES system was developed which made use of live data with embedded machine learning to improve predictions. This model had live data updated directly to the DES model without user interaction, creating an adaptive and dynamic model. It was found that this DES with machine learning capabilities typically provided more accurate predictions of future performance and unforeseen near future problems when compared to the predictions of a traditional DES using only historic data
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Adler, Felix Verfasser], Doncker Rik W. [Akademischer Betreuer] De, and Antonello [Akademischer Betreuer] [Monti. "A Digital Hardware Platform for Distributed Real-Time Simulation of Power Electronic Systems18 / Felix Adler ; Rik W. De Doncker, Antonello Monti." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162503343/34.
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Bataglioli, Rodrigo Pavanello. "Proteção digital de geradores eólicos com conversores de potência de escala completa no contexto das smart grids." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-25092018-155933/.
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Considerando condições anormais que o Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP) está sujeito, a proteção de seus elementos é um tópico importante. Dentre os equipamentos a serem protegidos, destacam-se os geradores devido a representarem elevado custo de investimento e estarem sujeitos a multas por paradas não programadas. Desta forma, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, observa-se que não existem estudos abrangentes para a proteção individual de máquinas síncronas aplicadas à geração eólica. Além disso, considerando o contexto das smart grids, a presença de baterias e a possibilidade da operação ilhada podem alterar a dinâmica das situações de falta. Portanto, faz-se necessário um estudo do comportamento dos aerogeradores em situações de falha, sabendo que o esquema de proteção depende do tipo de gerador e da maneira como este está conectado ao SEP. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa propôs incluir uma bateria para operar com um gerador eólico de velocidade variável de forma complementar, suavizando a potência de saída e tornando o sistema de conversão de energia eólica forte o suficiente para operar no modo ilhado. A metodologia estabelece vários tipos de falhas para investigar o comportamento da turbina eólica em tais condições. Para realizar as simulações de falta, foi utilizado um simulador digital de tempo real (RTDS®). Com base nisso, um esquema composto por funções de proteção convencionais foi especificado e testado usando o software MATLAB®. Além disso, simulações em laço fechado foram realizadas com relés comercial e universal. Os resultados obtidos com o esquema proposto são bastante promissores.Considering abnormal conditions to which the Electric Power System (EPS) may be subjected, the protection of its elements is an important topic. Among the equipments to be protected, the generators are highlighted, because they represent a high investment cost and are subjected to penalties for unscheduled stoppages. Hence, based on literature, it is observed that there are no comprehensive studies and standards for individual protection of Synchronous Generators (SGs) applied to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). Furthermore, considering the smart grids context, the presence of batteries and the possibility of island operation may change the dynamic of fault situations. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyse the behavior of wind turbines in fault situations, knowing that the protection scheme is dependent on the generator type and the way it is connected to the EPS. In order to study these issues, this research proposed to include a battery to operate with a full-variable speed wind generator in a complementary way, smoothing the output power and making the WECS strong enough to operate in the island mode. The methodology establishes several fault types to investigate the wind turbine behavior in such conditions. In order to conduct the fault simulations, a real time digital simulator (RTDS®) was used. Based on this, a scheme composed by conventional protection functions were specified and tested using the MATLAB® software. Furthermore, hardware-in-the-loop simulations were performed with commercial and universal relays. Very good results in favor of the proposed scheme are presented.
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Magrin, Fabiano Gustavo Silveira 1978. "Modelagem de um relé de proteção diferencial de transformador no RTDS." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259599.
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Orientador: Maria Cristina Dias TavaresDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Devido à dificuldade de execução de testes em sistemas reais os engenheiros procuram ferramentas e modelos para simular ou emular os sistemas reais em laboratório. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste projeto de pesquisa foi desenvolver um modelo do relé de proteção diferencial de transformador no simulador digital em tempo real RTDS, baseando-se no relé SEL-787 da Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc. O objetivo de criar um relé específico e já existente no mercado, saindo dos modelos genéricos, é devido à necessidade dos estudos em laboratório apresentarem resultados concretos e que representem o sistema real, desta forma apresentará grande valia para as futuras expansões do Sistema Elétrico Nacional ou Internacional. Após o desenvolvimento do modelo matemático do relé, foram criadas rotinas de teste exclusivas para análise do modelo e este foi testado em conjunto com um relé SEL-787 de forma a permitir uma comparação dos resultados. Para a realização deste trabalho foram estudadas e analisadas as situações em que um relé de proteção diferencial de transformador enfrenta no campo, como energização de transformador, saturação, faltas externas, faltas externas com saturação de TC, faltas internas a seção diferencial e externa ao transformador e faltas internas ao transformador como falta espira-terra e entre espiras. Os mesmos testes foram aplicados ao modelo de relé diferencial já existente na biblioteca do RTDS com o intuito de verificar se realmente modelos genéricos apresentam resultados diferentes de modelos específicos. A contribuição da pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento pioneiro do modelo do relé de proteção diferencial no ambiente RTDS
Abstract: Due to the difficulties involving tests in real systems engineers continuously look for tools and models to simulate or emulate real systems inside laboratories. With this focus, this job had the objective of developing a transformer differential protection relay in Real Time Digital Simulator, RTDS, based on SEL-787 relay, manufactured by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc. The objective of creating a specific relay already in the market, and not a generic model relay, is due to the necessity of the laboratories studies give real results and also represent the real system. This actual representation gives the engineers a more concrete data to support future expansions of the national and international electric systems. After the development of the relay model itself, it was tested in conjunction with a real SEL-787 allowing comparison of the results. For the accomplishment of this job many different situations which interfere in the daily operation of the relay in the field such as inrush, saturation, external faults, external faults with current transformer saturation, internal fault to the differential section but external to the transformer and internal faults like turn-to-turn faults and ground faults were studied and analyzed. The same tests were applied to a differential relay model already in the RTDS library with the purpose to verify whether generic models have different results compared to specific models. This research formerly presents a transformer differential relay model of a commercial relay for RTDS library
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Mačák, Jaromír. "Číslicová simulace kytarových zesilovačů jako zvukových efektů v reálném čase." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233567.
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Práce se zabývá číslicovou simulací kytarových zesilovačů, jakož to nelineárních analogových hudebních efektů, v reálném čase. Hlavním cílem práce je návrh algoritmů, které by umožnily simulaci složitých systémů v reálném čase. Tyto algoritmy jsou prevážně založeny na automatizované DK-metodě a aproximaci nelineárních funkcí. Kvalita navržených algoritmů je stanovana pomocí poslechových testů.
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Magagnin, Junior Ari. "Ambiente para aquisição e processamento de sinal eletromiográfico de superfície." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1685.
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Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvida uma plataforma para o condicionamento, digitalização, visualização e gravação de sinais de eletromiografia (EMG). Posteriormente a aquisição, a análise pode ser realizada através de técnicas de processamento de sinais. A plataforma consiste em dois módulos que adquirem sinais de EMG através de eletrodos de superfície, limitam a faixa de frequências de interesse, filtram interferências da rede elétrica e digitalizam os sinais pelo conversor analógico-digital do microcontrolador dos módulos. Deste modo, os dados são enviados para o computador pela interface USB na especificação HID, sendo apresentados em tempo real na forma gráfica e armazenados em arquivo. Como recursos de processamento foram implementadas as operações de módulo do sinal, a determinação do valor eficaz (RMS), a análise de Fourier, filtro digital (IIR) e filtro adaptativo. Foram realizados testes iniciais de avaliação da plataforma com sinais de membros inferiores e superiores para fins de comparação de lateralidade de sinais de EMG. A plataforma aberta destina-se a atividades didáticas e a pesquisa acadêmica, permitindo acrescentar outros métodos de processamento que o pesquisador tenha interesse em avaliar ou outras análises que se façam necessárias.In this work, a platform to the conditioning, digitizing, visualization and recording of the EMG signals was developed. After the acquisition, the analysis can be done by signal processing techniques. The platform consists of two modules witch acquire electromyography (EMG) signals by surface electrodes, limit the interest frequency band, filter the power grid interference and digitalize the signals by the analogue-to- digital converter of the modules microcontroller. Thereby, the data are sent to the computer by the USB interface by the HID specification, displayed in real-time in graphical form and stored in files. As processing resources was implemented the operations of signal absolute value, the determination of effective value (RMS), Fourier analysis, digital filter (IIR) and the adaptive filter. Platform initial tests were performed with signal of lower and upper limbs with the aim to compare the EMG signal laterality. The open platform is intended to educational activities and academic research, allowing the addition of other processing methods that the researcher want to evaluate or other required analysis.
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Paris, André. "Etude de la propagation Air - Sol - Air pour la création de modèles de canaux : Application au développement d’un banc pou r la caractérisation de radioaltimètres à pente asservie." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0125/document.
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Ces travaux portent sur l'étude et le développement d'un système de caractérisation de radioaltimètres. La propagation Air-Sol-Air, contexte particulier du canal de propagation aéronautique adaptée aux radioaltimètres, est étudiée et modélisée. Une approche hybride basée sur le lancer de rayon et les fonctions de distribution de la réflectance bidirectionnelle est proposée pour le développement d'un simulateur de canal de propagation dédié aux radioaltimètres. Les modèles issus de cet outil sont validés par confrontation à des essais en vol et une méthode de conditionnement des résultats est proposée pour les rendre utilisables dans un accumulateur de canaux de propagation temps réel. L'architecture matérielle et logicielle de celui-ci est détaillée dans ce manuscrit et son fonctionnement est validé par la mesureThis thesis presents the study and the development of a radar-altimeter characterization tool. The Air-Ground-Air propagation channel is a specific context of the aeronautical channel applied to the radar-altimeters. A new hybrid method designed to the development of a channel simulator is described. This one is based upon ray tracing and bidirectionnal reflectance distribution functions and permits to obtain channel models validated by comparison with on flight measurements. A pre-conditioning method is also explained to make the channel models ready to be used in a real time channel emulator. The hardware and software architecture of this channel emulator is detailed in this book and its behavior is validated with laboratory measurements
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Alsmadi, Yazan M. "Modeling, Advance Control, and Grid Integration of Large-Scale DFIG-Based Wind Turbines during Normal and Fault Ride-Through Conditions." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437140573.
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Simioni, Maicon Cezar. "Monitoramento da frequência cardíaca via método de magnificação de vídeo e Euleriana em tempo real." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1373.
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O monitoramento de sinais vitais em pacientes tem o intuito de obter rapidamente dados relevantes para decisões médicas. No entanto, tal mensuração é pouco eficiente, difícil, quando não impossível, em determinados casos, como por exemplo em pacientes vítimas de queimaduras, em função da impossibilidade de colocar o eletrodo diretamente na pele, ou em recém-nascidos, devido à fragilidade da pele. Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento de um sistema para aquisição contínua de sinais fotopletismográficos para a telemetria da frequência cardíaca em tempo real, em uma plataforma de baixo custo, utilizando a biblioteca OpenCV e o método desenvolvido pelo MIT chamado de Magnificação de Vídeo Euleriana, que revela variações que são imperceptíveis a olho nu. Para desenvolver o sistema foi utilizada a plataforma de hardware Raspberry Pi Versão B com processador ARM11 de 700MHz e 512MB de memória RAM. Os dados da frequência cardíaca coletados dos experimentos foram comparados com os dados coletados por um oxímetro de dedo More Fitness modelo MF-425. Esse foi escolhido por utilizar o mesmo princípio "Fotopletismografia"para efetuar a medição. Após a coleta de dados foi estimado o intervalo de confiança para aferir a precisão do sistema, que correspondeu a 96,5% em relação ao oxímetro utilizado. Ficou evidente que o meio utilizado para medir a frequência cardíaca via método de magnificação de vídeo Euleriana em tempo real é uma tecnologia de baixo custo (aproximadamente R$300,00) quando comparado aos monitores multiparamétricos utilizados para o monitoramento de pacientes críticos, cujo custo varia entre R$ 8.000,00 e R$ 34.000,00. Sendo assim, também contribui com a redução de custos no tratamento ao doente que necessita de monitorização constante, possibilitando que, com a economia gerada pela aquisição e implantação desta tecnologia, viabilize um maior investimento em outras áreas dos hospitais.Monitoring vital signs in patients is used to obtain relevant data for medical decisions in a fast way. However, this measurement is both inefficient and difficult, if not impossible in certain cases, such as in burnt victims, due to the impossibility of placing the electrodes directly on the skin or in infants, because of the fragility of skin. This study aims to develop of a system for continuous acquisition of photopletismografics (PPG) signals for the telemetry of heart rate in real time in a low cost platform using the OpenCV library and the method developed by MIT called the Eulerian Video Magnification, amplifying variations that are imperceptible to the naked eye. To develop the system were used the hardware platform Raspberry Pi version B with ARM11 700MHz processor and 512MB RAM. The heart rate data collected from the experi- ments were compared with data collected by a finger oximeter model More Fitness MF-425 it was chosen, by using the same working principle "PPG"to effect the measurement. After data collection was estimated the confidence interval to measure system accuracy, which corresponded to 96,5% compared to the oximeter used. It became clear that the developed system used to measure heart rate via magnification method of Eulerian live video is a low-cost technology (approximately R$ 300.00) compared to the multiparameter monitors used for monitoring critically patients, ranging in cost from R$ 8,000.00 to R$ 34,000.00. So also, it contributes to cost reduction in the treatment to the patient in need of constant monitoring, enabling with the savings generated by the acquisition and deployment of this technology makes possible greater investment in other areas of hospitals.
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Ferreira, Rodrigo Arruda Felício. "Controle de microrredes CC baseado em droop adaptativo de tensão – simulação em tempo real com control-hardware-in-loop." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4173.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre alguns dos aspectos relacionados às microrredes em corrente contínua, uma alternativa para utilização de fontes renováveis de energia em sistemas de geração distribuída. Considerando que a manutenção da tensão no barramento principal das microrredes, no qual as fontes e as cargas são conectadas, é uma das questões mais importantes para a operação de modo satisfatório destes sistemas, um sistema de controle descentralizado de tensão integrando técnicas de controle por droop de tensão e de controle por modos deslizantes é proposto. Uma microrrede CC de 10 kW conectada à rede CA e composta por arranjos fotovoltaicos e bancos de baterias, dimensionada para atender uma parcela das cargas eletrônicas e de iluminação do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia – Campus Juiz de Fora, é modelada e simulada em tempo real utilizando o conceito de simulação CHIL. Resultados experimentais utilizando controladores externos como dispositivos em teste são utilizados para analisar o comportamento do sistema em diferentes condições e para validação da metodologia proposta. Além disso, é apresentado um estudo das técnicas de análise de estabilidade de tensão para sistemas em corrente contínua. Por fim, é apresentada uma metodologia baseada em síntese de elementos reativos utilizando conversores estáticos para estabilização ativa de sistemas CC simplificados, contendo uma fonte e uma carga do tipo potência constante.
This work presents aspects related to DC microgrids, an alternative way of using renewable energy sources in a decentralized fashion. Whereas the maintenance of the microgrid main bus voltage, in which the sources and loads are connected, is one of the most important issues for the satisfactory operation of these systems, a novel methodology for regulating DC bus voltage integrating voltage droop control and sliding mode control techniques is proposed. A grid-connected 10 kW DC microgrid containing photovoltaic arrays and a battery bank, sized to meet a portion of electronic and lighting loads of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - Campus Juiz de Fora, is modeled and simulated in real time using the concept of CHIL simulation. Experimental results using external controllers as hardware under test are used to analyze system behavior under different conditions and to validate the proposed methodology. Furthermore, a study regarding voltage stability analysis techniques applied to DC systems is presented. Finally, a methodology based on synthesis of reactive elements using static converters for active stabilization of simplified CC systems, containing one source and one constant power load, is presented.
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Pittala, Lohith Kumar. "Hardware-in-the-loop implementation of single- and dual-phase shift control for dual active bridge converters in EV applications." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24067/.
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Isolated DC-DC converters play a significant role in fast charging and maintaining the variable output voltage for EV applications. This study aims to investigate the different Isolated DC-DC converters for onboard and offboard chargers, then, once the topology is selected, study the control techniques and, finally, achieve a real-time converter model to accomplish Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) results.
Among the different isolated DC-DC topologies, the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter has the advantage of allowing bidirectional power flow, which enables operating in both Grid to Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle to Grid (V2G) modalities. Recently, DAB has been used in the offboard chargers for high voltage applications due to SiC and GaN MOSFETs; this new technology also allows the utilization of higher switching frequencies. By empowering soft switching techniques to reduce switching losses, higher switching frequency operation is possible in DAB.
There are four phase shift control techniques for the DAB converter. They are Single Phase shift, Extended Phase shift, Dual Phase shift, Triple Phase shift controls. This thesis considers two control strategies; Single-Phase, and Dual-Phase shifts, to understand the circulating currents, power losses, and output capacitor size reduction in the DAB.
Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) experiments are carried out on both controls with high switching frequencies using the PLECS software tool and the RT box supporting the PLECS. Root Mean Square Error is also calculated for steady-state values of output voltage with different sampling frequencies in both the controls to identify the achievable sampling frequency in real-time. DSP implementation is also executed to emulate the optimized DAB converter design, and final real-time simulation results are discussed for both the Single-Phase and Dual-Phase shift controls.
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Quadros, Thiago de. "Development and evaluation of an elderly fall detection system based on a wearable device located at wrist." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2619.
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A queda de idosos é um problema de saúde mundial. Todos os anos, cerca de 30% dos idosos com 65 anos ou mais são vítimas de quedas. Além disso, as consequências de uma queda podem ser fisiológicas (e.g. fraturas ósseas, ferimentos musculares) e psicológicas, como a perda de autoconfiança, levando a novas quedas. Uma solução para este problema está relacionada com ações preventivas (e.g. adaptação de mobília) aliadas a sistemas de detecção de quedas, os quais podem notificar familiares e serviços médicos de urgência. Como o tempo de espera por socorro após uma queda está relacionado com a severidade das consequências dela, esses sistemas devem oferecer elevada acurácia e detecção em tempo real. Embora existam várias soluções para isso na literatura (a maioria relacionada com dispositivos vestíveis), poucas delas estão relacionadas a dispositivos de punho, principalmente por causa dos desafios existentes para essa configuração. Considerando o punho como um local mais confortável, discreto e aceitável para uso de um dispositivo (menos associado com o estigma do uso de uma solução médica), este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma solução baseada nessa configuração. Para isso, diferentes sensores (acelerômetro, giroscópio e magnetômetro) foram combinados com diferentes algoritmos, baseados em métodos de limiar e aprendizado de máquina, visando definir os melhores sinais e abordagem para a detecção de quedas. Esses métodos consideraram informações de aceleração, velocidade, deslocamento e orientação espacial, permitindo o cálculo de componentes verticais do movimento. Para o treino e avaliação dos algoritmos, dois protocolos diferentes foram empregados: um primeiro envolvendo 2 voluntários (homens, 27 e 31 anos) simulando um total de 80 sinais de queda e 80 de não-queda, e um segundo envolvendo 22 voluntários (14/8 homens/mulheres, idade média: 25,2 ± 4,7) simulando um total de 396 sinais de queda e 396 de não-queda. Uma análise exaustiva de diferentes sinais e parâmetros de configuração foi executada para cada método. O melhor algoritmo baseado em limiar considerou sinais de aceleração vertical e velocidade total, alcançando 95,8% de sensibilidade e 86,5% de especificidade. Por outro lado, o melhor algoritmo de aprendizagem de máquina foi o baseado no método K-Nearest Neighbors, considerando informações de aceleração, velocidade e deslocamento verticais combinadas com os ângulos de orientação espacial: 100% de sensibilidade e 97,9% de especificidade. Os resultados obtidos permitem enfatizar a relevância de algoritmos de aprendizagem de máquina para sistemas de detecção de queda vestíveis localizados no punho quando comparados a algoritmos baseados em limiar. Esta conclusão oferece grande contribuição para a pesquisa de detectores de quedas similares, sugerindo a melhor abordagem para novos desenvolvimentos.Falls in the elderly age are a world health problem. Every year, about 30% of people aged 65 or older become victims of fall events. The consequences of a fall may be physiological (e.g. bone fractures, muscular injuries) and psychological, including the loss of self-confidence by fear of falling, which leads to new falls. A solution to this problem is related to preventive actions (e.g. adapting furniture) allied to fall detection systems, which can alert family members and emergency medical services. Since the response time for help is related to the fall's consequences and severity, such systems must offer high accuracy and real-time fall detection. Although there are many fall detection solutions in literature (most part of them related to wearable devices), few of them are related to wrist-worn devices, mainly because of the existing challenges for this configuration. Considering the wrist as a comfortable, discrete and acceptable place for an elderly wearable device (less associated to the stigma of using a medical device), this work proposes the development and evaluation of a fall detection solution based on this configuration. For this, different sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer) were combined to different algorithms, based on threshold and machine learning methods, in order to define the best signals and approach for an elderly fall detection. These methods considered acceleration, velocity and displacement information, relating them with wrist spatial orientation, allowing the calculation of the vertical components of each movement. For the algorithms' training and evaluation, two different protocols were employed: one involving 2 volunteers (both males, ages of 27 and 31) performing a total of 80 fall and 80 non-fall events simulation, and the other involving 22 volunteers (14/8 males/females, ages mean: 25.2 ± 4.7) performing a total of 396 fall and 396 non-fall events simulation. An exhaustive evaluation of different signals and configuration parameters was performed for each method. The best threshold-based algorithm employed the vertical acceleration and total velocity signals, achieving 95.8% and 86.5% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. On the other hand, the best machine learning algorithm was based on the K-Nearest Neighbors method employing the vertical acceleration, velocity and displacement information combined with spatial orientation angles: 100% of sensitivity and 97.9% of specificity. The obtained results allow to emphasize the relevance of machine learning algorithms for wrist-worn fall detection systems instead of traditional threshold-based algorithms. These results offer great contributions for the research of similar wearable fall detectors, suggesting the best approach for new developments.
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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.
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La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.
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Lin, Xi. "System Equivalent for Real Time Digital Simulator." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4375.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to develop a method of making system equivalents for the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), which should enhance its capability of simulating large power systems.
The proposed equivalent combines a Frequency Dependent Network Equivalent (FDNE) for the high frequency electromagnetic transients and a Transient Stability Analysis (TSA) type simulation block for the electromechanical transients.
The frequency dependent characteristic for FDNE is obtained by curve-fitting frequency domain admittance characteristics using the Vector Fitting method. An approach for approximating the frequency dependent characteristic of large power networks from readily available typical power-flow data is also introduced.
A new scheme of incorporating TSA solution in RTDS is proposed. This report shows how the TSA algorithm can be adapted to a real time platform.
The validity of this method is confirmed with examples, including the study of a multi in-feed HVDC system based network.
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Yogendran, G. Henry. "Real time digital control system for power system analog simulator." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2396.
Full textAbstract:
With increasing system complexity, engineers use different tools to save money and time during the design and development cycle. Simulation is one of the important tool engineers use very often. These simulation tools are becoming more powerful because of the faster computers available today. This thesis presents a design of a Real Time Control System (RTCS) simulation concepts using famous Power System simulation tool PSCAD and the off the shelf Digital Signal Processing (DSP) board with the Analog simulator at the University of Manitoba. This RTCS simulation concept is validated for known HVDC system networks in real time. The benefit of the design is to achieve simple design of a real time controls with available hardware and software such as PSCAD and DSP boards.
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You, Bo-Chin, and 尤伯欽. "Design and Realization of Real-Time Digital Simulator for Power Electronics." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/by3q67.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
97
The high rating power electronics is very important and widely applied in different fields. Due to these reasons, their performance and reliability are requested highly. This thesis presents the design and application of a Real-Time Digital Simulator for Power Electronics. Power Electronics Real-Time Digital Simulator could make a practical controller and protection equipment to process the relative tests and which cannot be implemented by Simulation Software. Power Electronic Real Time Digital Simulator is made by Texas Instruments’s DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and SIGNALWARE’s daughter card. The test results are compared with the Matlab/Simullink Software, and from which we can know that the Power Electronics Real Time Digital Simulator can approve the voltage and current wave of transient and steady state in the real-time simulation. Therefore, this Power Electronic Real Time Digital Simulator provides the users an option to test the accuracy of circuit design.
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Lai, Ko-Ming, and 賴克明. "Combining FPGA and DSP for the Realization of a New Power Electronic Real-Time Digital Simulator." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26ge3d.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系研究所
98
The main purpose of this thesis is to realize Real Time Digital Simulators (RTDS). RTDS could achieve Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) tests which cannot be done by software simulations. This thesis discusses state-equation models, numerical methods, switching signal acquisitions and a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). To compare with RTDS, a new switching function to reduce simulation time in numerical simulations. The digital signal processor, TMS320C6416, is used to replace power electronic circuits and combine with Altera DE2-70 for integrating switching signals. Then, ORS-114 peripheral card is used to output analog signal. Besides, the digital signal processor, TMS320F2808, is used as a control platform. Finally, a half-bridge inverter and a buck converter are selected to realize the proposed RTDS. Experimental results show that RTDS could realize effectively work in real-time, These results are compared with MATLAB/SIMULINK software to confirm the accuracy of the proposed RTDS.
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"A fast method for out-of-step protection using state plane trajectories analysis." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2011-12-264.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis proposes a novel out-of-step protection technique using the state-plane representation of the generator speed and power angle. The critical clearing angle is computed using the principle that the total energy of the system at the instant the fault is cleared should be equal to the maximum potential energy of the system. The critical clearing time corresponding to this value of critical clearing angle is obtained directly using the time calibration
of the relative speed versus power angle solution curve. The simultaneous calculation of the critical clearing angle and the time makes the proposed state plane approach much faster than the two-blinder scheme, Equal Area Criterion (EAC) method, rate of change of impedance method, the Swing Center Voltage (SCV) technique, transient energy calculation method, and the frequency deviation calculation from voltage signal method discussed in the literature.
The proposed state plane prediction scheme is used to detect the rst swing out-of-step condition in single machine in nite bus (SMIB) system as well as larger power system con gurations (two-area and IEEE 39-bus test systems) using system wide information. A
coherency analysis is performed in a multi-machine system to find out the two critical groups of generators. The critical generator groups are then represented with a SMIB equivalent
system, and the state plane algorithm is applied to the reduced equivalent. Electromagnetic transient simulations are carried out using PSCAD/EMTDCTM to test the proposed algorithm
in the above discussed test systems. The simulation studies show that the proposed method is computationally e cient, and accurate even for the larger power systems. The technique also does not require any o ine studies.
This thesis also proposes another out-of-step protection technique using generator state deviations to detect multi-swing instability conditions in power system. It uses wide-area
measurements of generator electrical power and speed deviations as inputs to the proposed scheme to detect instability. This technique is not as fast as the state plane approach but can predict multi-swing instability conditions in power system. The state plane method and state deviation method are used together to nd rst swing and multi-swing instability conditions. Two-area power system con guration is used to demonstrate multi-swing instability
prediction. Di erent power swing conditions such as stable, rst swing unstable and multi-swing unstable scenarios are created and the proposed techniques are tested to verify their performance. The proposed techniques are also compared with the conventional two
blinder technique.
A facility for hardware-in-the-loop testing of the relays using a digital simulator is available in the Power System Laboratory at the University of Saskatchewan. An out-of-step relay module is developed in a digital signal processing board (ADSP BF533TM from Analog Devices Inc.) and a closed loop test is performed using the real time digital simulator (RTDSTM). The simulator mimics the power system behaviour in real time, and the analog
time signals from simulator can be communicated to the relay module. The relay can also feed back the signals to the simulator which can be used to operate the circuit breaker elements in the power system. The SMIB and two area systems are used to test the relay in real time. The relay prototypes for both of the proposed techniques are developed in this thesis. The hardware-in-the-loop implementation and testing show that the calculation
times required for the proposed methods are small, and the state plane method especially can predict instability condition much faster than all other methods in current literature.
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Wickremasuriya, Boosabaduge Achintha Hiruwan. "Development of a laboratory facility and experiments to support learning IEC 61850 based substation automation." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30992.
Full textAbstract:
IEC 61850 is rapidly becoming the internationally recognized standard for substation automation systems making it an indispensable element in power system protection and automation education. In order to facilitate teaching this very practical subject, a laboratory setup was developed to demonstrate IEC 61850 station bus inter Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) communication. In this setup, an electrical substation was implemented in a real time digital simulator (RTDS) and protection schemes were implemented in IEC 61850 station bus compliant IEDs from different vendors. Trip signals and breaker statuses were exchanged between RTDS and IEDs using GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) messages. Several protection applications including a novel backup bus protection scheme were developed based on the setup to demonstrate the use of GOOSE messages in time critical applications. The developed test setup along with the designed laboratory exercises will undoubtedly enhance teaching, training and research in this important field.February 2016
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Wang, Xuegong. "Real-time digital simulation of power transmission lines." 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/16958.
Full text
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Banitalebi, Dehkordi Ali. "Improved models of electric machines for real-time digital simulation." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3935.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis advances the state of the art in modeling electric machines in electro-magnetic transient simulation programs, particularly in real-time digital simulators. A new tool, developed in this thesis, expands the application of real-time digital simulators to closed-loop testing of protection relays designed to protect synchronous machines during internal faults.
To evaluate the inductances of synchronous machines, a winding function approach was developed in this thesis which is capable of taking into account both the actual distribution of windings and the shape of the pole-arc. Factors such as MMF drop in the iron and effects of slots are compensated by evaluating the effective permeance function of the machine using experimentally measured values of d-, q- and 0- axis inductances. In this winding function approach, the effects of magnetic saturation are also included by considering the actual distribution of magneto-motive force in each loading condition of the machine. The inductances of an experimental machine are evaluated using this approach and validated using the finite-element method and laboratory measurements. This thesis also proposes an embedded phase-domain approach for time-domain simulation of the machine model in electromagnetic transients programs. The approach significantly improves the numerical stability of the simulations. Special numerical techniques are introduced, which speed up the execution of the algorithm as needed for real-time simulation. The machine model is validated in healthy and faulted conditions using simulations and laboratory experiments. Effects of damper grid representation on simulating turn-to-turn faults are investigated. The capability of this new real-time synchronous machine model in closed-loop testing of synchronous machines ground- faults protection relays is clearly demonstrated.
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"Real-Time Simulation of a Smart Inverter." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44121.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: With the increasing penetration of Photovoltaic inverters, there is a necessity for recent PV inverters to have smart grid support features for increased power system reliability and security. The grid support features include voltage support, active and reactive power control. These support features mean that inverters should have bidirectional power and communication capabilities. The inverter should be able to communicate with the grid utility and other inverter modules.
This thesis studies the real time simulation of smart inverters using PLECS Real Time Box. The real time simulation is performed as a Controller Hardware in the Loop (CHIL) real time simulation. In this thesis, the power stage of the smart inverter is emulated in the PLECS Real Time Box and the controller stage of the inverter is programmed in the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) connected to the real time box. The power stage emulated in the real time box and the controller implemented in the DSP form a closed loop smart inverter.
This smart inverter, with power stage and controller together, is then connected to an OPAL-RT simulator which emulates the power distribution system of the Arizona State University Poly campus. The smart inverter then sends and receives commands to supply power and support the grid. The results of the smart inverter with the PLECS Real time box and the smart inverter connected to an emulated distribution system are discussed under various conditions based on the commands received by the smart inverter.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2017
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Wu, Chang-Chieh, and 吳昌杰. "The research of digital relays based on real-time simulation techniques." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72932310466898993494.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
電機工程學系碩士班
99
As a result of the recent reduction on prices, enhancement on performance in CPUs for the personal computers, and the rise of distributed parallel computing technology, multiple PCs or a single multi-cores computer can now be used to replace expensive supercomputers from the past for the role of computation in large complex research projects. Nevertheless, the development of software is also advancing with the hardware; in terms of the industry, the academia and research institution, Matlab/Simulink are generally being used to create user friendly interface models. As a result, many software developers can develop real-time simulation, language support for the model, increase computation speed, and correction and enhancement on the model using the dynamic response from model real-time observation. These allow the software developers to finish their research in timely manner with the lowest cost and push for early product launch and seize for opportunities and profit. Moreover, this thesis will use the Matlab/Simulink established digital relayed model as the base to divide out the various spin-off of the system models modules, using the real-time simulation system (RT-LAB) established through internet and software from multiple or a single multi-cores computer to test and investigate the time difference between distributed parallel computing and offline computing performance. With its fast, real-time simulation technologies, you can observe the dynamic response on various fault scenarios. In the future, it is expected that you can further transfer signal to the power system simulator through I/O card; using actual voltage and current to add to the physical digital relay, and then relay the feedback to this immediate real-time simulation system to cut the software circuit breaker module on the monitor to finish off the real-time loop physical system.
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Liang, Yuefeng. "An Improved Wide-Band System Equivalent Technique for Real Time Digital Simulators." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4464.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis introduces a new modeling approach that allows very large power systems to be modeled on a real time electro-magnetic transients (EMT) digital simulator with reduced hardware costs. The key step in achieving this is the development of an improved wide-band multi-port equivalent, which reduces a large power network into a small manageable equivalent model that preserves wideband behaviors.
This approach has a foundation method that use a two part equivalent in which the high frequency behavior of the equivalenced network is represented by a terminating frequency dependent network equivalent (FDNE), with the low frequency behavior being modeled using a detailed Transient Stability Analysis (TSA) model that only models the electromechanical behavior. This approach allowed the modelling of medium size electric regions up to hundreds of buses in real time.
This thesis extends the equivalent by implementing a reduced order of the detailed electromechanical TSA equivalent mentioned above. Coherency based reduction is used for the electromechanical model of the power network to be equivalenced, and is implemented as a Transient Stability Analysis (TSA) type electromechanical equivalent. A challenge in implementing the FDNE is to ensure that it is a passive network, as otherwise its inclusion could lead to unstable simulation. This thesis also introduces a practical procedure to enforce passivity in the FDNE.
The validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated by comparing the approach with detailed electromagnetic simulations of the well-known 39 bus New England system and a modified 39 bus system with an HVDC infeed with coupling between the dc line and an adjacent ac line, in addition to a 108 bus ac system. The power of the method is demonstrated by the real-time simulation of a large system with 2300 busses and 139 generators. It has been shown that this approach has the potential to increase by at least one order of magnitude the size of the network that can be modeled and thus on a real time electro-magnetic transients (EMT) digital simulator with reduced hardware costs.
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Shams, Ramtin. "Real-time registration and simulation in medical imaging." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151561.
Full text
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He, Zhengting. "Towards real-time HW/SW co-simulation with operating system support." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3437.
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Gopinath, Dinesh. "Modeling, Real-time Simulation And Design Of Matrix Converters." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/993.
Full textAbstract:
Power converters have evolved from the classical low switching frequency thyristorised converters to the modern high-frequency switched mode converters employing fast power devices such as Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs). This evolution has changed the way power is processed in all the four functional areas of power conversion namely, AC-DC, DC-DC, DC-AC and AC-AC. High frequency switching has made it possible to reduce the size of the converters by using smaller energy storage elements. Switched mode conversion applied to AC-AC power conversion results in the use of two approaches: An indirect (two stage) conversion with a rectifier and an inverter with a dc link storage and a direct conversion scheme with a matrix converter. Matrix converter is a potential candidate in certain applications where a compact power converter design is required. Two approaches in topology, namely direct and indirect matrix converters are well reported in the literature.
This thesis looks at the analysis, modeling and control of matrix converters from the perspective of converter switching functions. The switching functions as proposed for the line frequency switching rectifiers and cycloconverters is extended to the high frequency switching pulse-width modulated inverters and rectifiers. The matrix converter modulation schemes are analysed and a fresh interpretation in terms of these switching functions is presented in this thesis. The application of the switching function based analysis also yields a better insight into popular space phasor moulation techniques employed in matrix converters such as indirect-space-phasor modulation.
The topology of the matrix converter is simple. There are no energy storage elements. However, the control, modulation and protection processes are more complex than other converters. The complexities involved in the control, modulation, commutation and protection of the matrix converter necessitates a much more complex controller capable of carrying out these tasks fast and effectively. In this work, a versatile FPGA based digital controller is designed which is not only capable of carrying out all the modulation, control, commutation and protection requirements of the matrix converter but also, can simulate the converter and the load in real-time. The real-time simulation capabilities of the control and real-time simulation platform are demonstrated with a suitable example of dynamic system. The real-time models of the matrix converter feeding passive load are developed and demonstrated in comparison with offline simulation models.
Matrix converters are buck-derived converters and hence the input currents are discontinuous. Hence design of an appropriate filter becomes necessary. Some guidelines are suggested to design an appropriate input filter considering the non-idealities of the source.
Finally, hardware designs of suitably rated direct and indirect matrix converters are presented and some representative results are given.
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Palmer, Ian J., Chen Wang, and Tao Ruan Wan. "A Real-time Dynamic Simulation Scheme for Large-Scale Flood Hazard Using 3D Real World Data." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2891.
Full textAbstract:
NoWe propose a new dynamic simulation scheme for large-scale flood hazard modelling and prevention. The approach consists of a number of core parts: Digital terrain modelling with GIS data, Nona-tree space partitions (NTSP), Automatic River object recognition and registration, and a flood spreading model. The digital terrain modelling method allows the creation of a geometric real terrain model for augmented 3D environments with very large GIS data, and it can also use information gathered from aviation and satellite images with a ROAM algorithm. A spatial image segmentation scheme is described for river and flood identification and for a 3D terrain map of flooding region growth and visualisation. The region merging is then implemented by adopting Flood Region Spreading Algorithm (FRSA). Compared with the conventional methods, our approach has the advantages of being capable of realistically visualising the flooding in geometrically-real 3D environments, of handling dynamic flood behaviour in real-time and of dealing with very large-scale data modelling and visualisation.
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Wu, Li-Cheng, and 吳立成. "Study of Digital Relay and Fault Analysis Using Real-Time Simulation Techniques of Power System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13426454960059594200.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
101
The purpose of this research is to develop a method of making Real-Time Simulation Techniques for digital relay algorithms, dynamic test of protective relays, and fault analysis of Taiwan power systems with the use of the state of the art Real-Time Simulation Techniques in electromagnetic transient simulation programs: Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and MATLAB/SIMULINKR. In this dissertation, we have developed a new algorithm of differential relays and inrush current eliminator, which are to solve mal-trips of differential relay from inrush current of transformers. The test platform of real-time dynamic methods in this dissertation, will assist to finish a new algorithm evaluation of differential relays, closed-loop testings of protective relays, mal-trip analysis of protective relays, Feeder Terminal Unit (FTU) tests, analysis of island power system, IEC61850 test, and power system analyses of Taiwan power company and so on. In the past, the real-time tests of protective relay usually were conducted in scale-down physical power systems in laboratory, which required massive resources in facilities and men power. Therefore, a cost and resource effective technique is developed: Real-Time Simulation Technique. The technique has the following benefits: low cost, high efficiency, flexibility, user friendly interface and fast execution. Also, with the use of the proposed techniques, the inrush current problems not only can easily be identified but also can simply be eliminated. The validity of the adopted techniques is confirmed with massive simulation tests and real cases of Taiwan Power Company.
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Abrishambaf, Omid. "MRTS: a flexible system for microgrids real-time digital simulation using hardware-in-the-loop." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/37663.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Mechatronic EngineeringThe recent changes on the power systems paradigm require the active participation of small and medium players in the electricity network management. With the electricity price flotation, the small and medium players must manage their consumption in order to decrease the economic costs without the degradation of the users’ comfort. Additionally, the appearance of new concepts in the power systems, such as smart grids and microgrids, bring several advantages. This includes the use of distributed generation and the execution of demand response programs. However, their implementation on the current power grid can also bring management and stability issues. The purpose of this dissertation is to simulate, in real-time, a microgrid facility by employing real hardware resources and survey of the consumption and generation profiles of the small and medium consumers. The facility would include small power load, medium power load and a micro-generation unit. This microgrid facility proposes controlling methods of hardware devices that enable the real loads to be integrated as hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) loads for the small and medium simulation players. The implemented system uses real consumption loads and real wind power generator. The main contribution of this dissertation is the integration of real resources inside the simulation environment. Furthermore, this study describes the hardware and software developed and implemented on the loads built to manual use, outside of the simulation environments. In the case studies, actual consumption and generation profiles of the small and medium consumers has been employed in order to simulate in real-time.
As mudanças recentes no paradigma dos sistemas elétricos de energia requerem uma participação ativa dos participantes de pequeno e médio tamanho na gestão da produção e utilização da eletricidade. Com a flutuação do preço da eletricidade, estes participantes têm de gerir o consumo de modo a diminuir custos sem degradar o conforto dos utilizadores. Além disso, o aparecimento de novos conceitos de eletrónica de potência, como as redes inteligentes e as micro-redes, traz grandes vantagens. Isto inclui o uso de produção distribuída e a execução de programas de resposta à procura. No entanto, as suas implantações podem trazer complicações de gestão e estabilidade aos atuais sistemas elétricos de energia. O objetivo desta dissertação é simular, em tempo real, uma micro-rede usando recursos de hardware reais e analisar o consumo e perfis de geração de consumidores pequenos e médios. A micro-rede incluiria uma pequena carga, uma média carga e uma unidade de micro-geração. Esta micro-rede propõe métodos de controlar dispositivos de hardware que permitem integrar cargas reais como cargas hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) para simulação de participantes pequenos e médios. O sistema implementado tem cargas com consumos reais e um gerador de energia eólica. A principal contribuição desta dissertação é a integração de dispositivos reais dentro do ambiente de simulação. Além disso, este estudo descreve o hardware e o software desenvolvidos e implementados nas cargas desenhadas para utilização manual, fora dos ambientes de simulação. Nos casos de estudo, o consumo real e os perfis de geração dos consumidores pequenos e médios foram utilizados para realizar as simulações em tempo-real.
تغییرات اخیر در سیستم های توزیع قدرت ، شرکت کردن فعال مصرف کنندگان و تولید کنندگان برق را بیش از پیش مورد اهمیت قرار داده است. همچنین با توجه به متغیر بودن قیمت برق ، این واحد ها باید مدیریت کافی را بر روی مصرف خود داشته ، تا بتوانند هزینه های ماهیانه انرژی را کاهش دهند. علاوه بر این، پیدایش مفاهیم جدیدی در سیستم های قدرت ، مانند شبکه های هوشمند ، فواید بسیاری را برای این سیستم ها ایجاد کرده اند. این فواید شامل استفاده از تکنولوژی تولید پراکنده و یا اجرای برنامه های پاسخ به بخش تقاضا می باشند. البته در کنار این فواید، این مفاهیم جدید مشکلاتی مدیریتی و پایداری را برای شبکه ایجاد می کنند. هدف از این پایان نامه ، شبیه سازی زمان واقعی یک شبکه برق کوچک می باشد که از مصرف روش های ، HIL کنندگان و تولید کنندگان واقعی استفاده می کند. این شبکه برق کوچک با استفاده از سناریو کنترلی را ارائه می دهد که اپراتور را قادر می سازد تا با ادغام سخت افزار های واقعی در محیط شبیه سازی ، به نتایج واقعی و قابل قبول تری دست یابد. همچنین این پایان نامه ، نرم افزار ها و سخت افزار هایی را توضیح می دهد که با اجرای آنها بر روی وسایلی که برای استفاده های معمولی و خارج از محیط شبیه سازی ساخته شده اند ، به صورت سخت افزار های واقعی در محیط شبیه سازی ایفای نقش کنند. در موارد بررسی شده در این پایان نامه ، یک دوره دو ساعته از این شبیه سازی زمان واقعی برای مصرف کنندگان خانگی و تجاری بیان می شود.
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Marques, Pedro Manuel Videira. "Rapid Development of a High-Level Robot Controller for Automated Touch-Screen Testing." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98030.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaMuitos especialistas consideram que a Terceira Revolução Indústria está na origem desta nova revolução que estamos a experienciar. Conhecida por muitos como "Indústria 4.0", esta quarta revolução industrial é o culminar de uma necessidade, não só por parte de indústria como também das necessidades da sociedade atual. Numa época em estamos todos à distância de um simples "clique", porque não fazer o mesmo com os processos industriais. Sermos capazes de conectar as diferentes operações num único local, conseguindo supervisionar várias tarefas em simultâneo e até mesmo antecipando possíveis falhas na produção.Graças aos novos avanços tecnológicos, conseguimos ter softwares CAD em qualquer computador e com um enorme grau de resolução. Desta forma, através do Digital Twin, somos capazes de transformar os processos reais em processos virtuais. Esta ferramenta torna-se extremamente útil na área da robótica, onde conseguimos testar uma rotina num robo virtual, sem corrermos o risco de danificar o nosso hardware.A tese propõe abordar o problema de automatização de um braço robótico utilizado para testagem de ecrãs táteis, utilizando a metodologia de model-based design, para o desenvolvimento de um controlador de alto nível.Um estudo recente sugere um crescimento substancial do uso da tecnologia tátil na próxima década. Esta previsão pode colocar em risco a produção de ecrãs táteis necessários em diversos sectores. Nesta investigação, é apresentada uma nova alternativa que permitirá suportar este aumento na demanda de produtos, tendo em consideração outros fatores como por exemplo a sustentabilidade e eficiência .O controlador foi desenvolvido através de duas etapas. A primeira, consistiu no desenvolvimento e uso de um gémeo digital utilizado para simular o comportamento do robô apenas em ambiente gráfico. Resultados obtidos em simulação, permitiram observar e corrigir as falhas de programação existentes no comportamento do controlador. Na segunda fase, foi utlizado o dispositivo fornecido pela Speedgoat. Numa primeira fase de validação, o controlador foi apenas testado em ambiente de simulação de tempo real e só numa instância final diretamente com o robô.Para o desenvolvimento do nosso controlador autónomo e consciente foram também desenvolvidas técnicas de visão computacional.
Many experts believe that the Third Industrial Revolution is at the origin of this new revolution that we are experiencing. Known by many as "Industry 4.0", this fourth industrial revolution is the culmination of a need, not only on the part of industry but also the needs of today's society. At a time when we are all just a click away, why not do the same with industrial processes. Being able to connect the different operations in a single location, being able to supervise several tasks simultaneously and even anticipating possible production failures. Thanks to new technological advances, we are able to have CAD software on any computer and with an enormous degree of resolution. In this way, through Digital Twin, we are able to transform real processes into virtual ones. This tool becomes extremely useful in the area of robotics, where we are able to test a routine in a virtual robot, without running the risk of damaging our hardware. This dissertation addresses the automation problem for a robot arm utilized for touch screen testing by following a model-based design methodology for the development of a high-level controller.A recent study suggests a substantial growth of the usage of touch screen technology in the next decade. This forecast can put at risk the production of touch screen utilized in a diversify of sectors. In this research, it is presented a new alternative that will allow to support this increase in product demand, while considering other factors such as sustainability and efficiency.The controller was developed in two stages. The first one, consisted in the development and usage of a digital twin utilized only in a graphical environment in order to simulate the robot behavior. Gathered simulated results, allowed to observe and correct the controller’s behavior, prevenient from programming flaws. In the second one, it was utilized a hardware device provided by Speedgoat. In a first stage, the controller was only validated in a real-time simulation environment and in a final instance directly with the robot.For the development of our autonomous and conscient controller were also developed computer vision techniques.
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Tzuo, How-Jeng, and 左浩仁. "An Improved 4 Channel Real-Time Digital Video Recorder for Surveillance Applications: Automobile Plate Recognition & Video Multiplexer/De-multiplexer/Image Grabber Design and Simulation." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76649625279406123326.
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碩士國立清華大學
電機工程學系
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Digital Video Recorder (DVR) system has found many applications nowadays. Besides traditional long hour and high resolution recordings, some special functions such as fast and intelligent retrieving, pattern recognition, etc., are expected of modern DVR. In this study, our goal is to design a multi-channel DVR system with automatic automobile plate recognition capability for use in a parking station surveillance and management environment. We focus our research on two main parts: hardware design of video Mux (multiplexer)/DeMux (demultiplexer) and image capture circuits used in the multi-channel DVR system, and software design of automobile plate recognition. The Mux and DeMux circuits can merge multi-channel digital video signal into one channel and split one channel into multi-channel digital video signals, respectively. The image capture hardware can capture image data of one frame and send it to DSP for further processing. All these three functions are designed and implemented in an FPGA chip. For the automobile plate recognition, we develop a simple software program that contains an image enhancement, an automobile plate ROI grab, and a characters recognition module to extract and identify the plate number in captured auto image. These functions can be easily augmented with other control functions to tailor the DVR system for various application purposes.
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Karipidis, Claus-Ulrich [Verfasser]. "A versatile DSP, FPGA structure optimized for rapid prototyping and digital real time simulation of power electronic and electrical drive systems / vorgelegt von Claus-Ulrich Karipidis." 2001. http://d-nb.info/963976044/34.
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"Robust Control of Wide Bandgap Power Electronics Device Enabled Smart Grid." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.46215.
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abstract: In recent years, wide bandgap (WBG) devices enable power converters with higher power density and higher efficiency. On the other hand, smart grid technologies are getting mature due to new battery technology and computer technology. In the near future, the two technologies will form the next generation of smart grid enabled by WBG devices. This dissertation deals with two applications: silicon carbide (SiC) device used for medium voltage level interface (7.2 kV to 240 V) and gallium nitride (GaN) device used for low voltage level interface (240 V/120 V). A 20 kW solid state transformer (SST) is designed with 6 kHz switching frequency SiC rectifier. Then three robust control design methods are proposed for each of its smart grid operation modes. In grid connected mode, a new LCL filter design method is proposed considering grid voltage THD, grid current THD and current regulation loop robust stability with respect to the grid impedance change. In grid islanded mode, µ synthesis method combined with variable structure control is used to design a robust controller for grid voltage regulation. For grid emergency mode, multivariable controller designed using H infinity synthesis method is proposed for accurate power sharing. Controller-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed considering 7-SST system is setup with Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). The real TMS320F28335 DSP and Spartan 6 FPGA control board is used to interface a switching model SST in RTDS. And the proposed control methods are tested. For low voltage level application, a 3.3 kW smart grid hardware is built with 3 GaN inverters. The inverters are designed with the GaN device characterized using the proposed multi-function double pulse tester. The inverter is controlled by onboard TMS320F28379D dual core DSP with 200 kHz sampling frequency. Each inverter is tested to process 2.2 kW power with overall efficiency of 96.5 % at room temperature. The smart grid monitor system and fault interrupt devices (FID) based on Arduino Mega2560 are built and tested. The smart grid cooperates with GaN inverters through CAN bus communication. At last, the three GaN inverters smart grid achieved the function of grid connected to islanded mode smooth transitionDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2017
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Molepo, Isaih Kgabe. "Data acquisition system for pilot mill." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22967.
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This dissertation describes the development, design, implementation and evaluation of a data
acquisition system, with the main aim of using it for data collection on a laboratory pilot ball
mill. An open-source prototype hardware platform was utilised in the implementation of the
data acquisition function, however, with limitations. An analogue signal conditioning card has
been successfully developed to interface the analogue signals to the dual domain ADC
module. Model-based software development was used to design and develop the algorithms to
control the DAS acquisition process, but with limited capabilities. A GUI application has been
developed and used for the collection and storage of the raw data on the host system. The
DAS prototype was calibrated and collected data successfully through all the channels;
however, the input signal bandwidth was limited to 2Hz.Electrical and Mining Engineering
M. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)