Journal articles on the topic 'Digital platform-based firm'
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Tretyak, Vladimir P., and Maria A. Lyakina. "ЦИФРОВАЯ ПЛАТФОРМА – ПРОДУКТ КВАЗИИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМ." Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право 54, no. 1 (2020): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2020-1/61-73.
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Статья посвящена анализу экономической природы цифровых платформ. В ней сопоставляются два механизма перераспределения экономических ресурсов – классический рыночный и властный внутрифирменный. Экономическая природа цифровых платформ связывается с развитием квазиинтегрированных структур. Обосновывается положение о том, что платформа не является в полном смысле традиционной фирмой, а представляет собой существенный компонент квазиинтегрированной экономической структуры, которая выносит внутрифирменные властные отношения за свои пределы и способна трансформировать рыночную организацию производства по ряду направлений. Платформа по сути своей организации опирается на формы работы на заказ потребителя, получившие развитие в постиндустриальной или информационной экономике. Она способна формировать спрос в виде поступления потока заказов от непосредственного потребителя. Цифровые платформы изменяют экономический статус фирм, действующих внутри неё, существенно ограничивая их обособленность. Это приводит к доминированию платформы как на отраслевом рынке, так и по отношению к фирмам, которые взаимодействуют на её основе. This article is devoted to the economic nature of digital platforms. There is a comparison of two redeployment mechanisms of economic resources: classical mar-ket-based mechanism and commanding intra-firm. The economic nature of digital platforms is connected with quasi integrated structure development. The article provides a statement that a platform is not a traditional firm(in its full sense) that it is just an essential component of quasi integrated economical structure that takes its intra-firm commanding relations outside and is able to transform market-based organization in a number of areas. Fundamentally, a platform is based on customer-related forms of work that was developed in the post-industrial or information economy. It is able to build a demand as a business stream directly from consumers. Digital platforms change economic status of companies that operate inside of it, significantly limiting their independence. In some cases it leads to the platform dominance on the sectoral market as well as its dominance according to the firms that interact on its basis.
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Nicoli, Massimiliano, and Luca Paltrinieri. "Platform Cooperativism:." South Atlantic Quarterly 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 801–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7825624.
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This paper focalizes on the economic model of digital platforms as a new method of coordinating the production of value. We suggest that the advent of “platform capitalism” is symptomatic of a crisis of the model of the firm understood as a space separated from society and based on private ownership. This crisis appears, first, as an inadequacy of the instruments of theoretical economics to take the digital platform model into account, and subsequently as a crisis concerning the ownership of the means of production: ownership seems to be split into intellectual ownership (especially algorithms) and physical ownership of the means of production (which are the prerogative of the platform’s users/producers/consumers). This new proprietary model allows us to revisit the question of the ownership of the means of production and the governance of the firm itself. In this sense, we suggest that in the claims of platform cooperativism, the platform-firm no longer appears as a group of assets that are already owned, but as an institution in which ownership corresponds to governance. In other words, ownership is understood as an institutional arrangement intended to govern the resource itself, which allows us to fully rethink the ownership of the firm according to the model of “the philosophy of the commons.”
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Jun, Han-Deok. "A Legal Study on Digital Platform Insurance Products." Korean Insurance Law Association 16, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36248/kdps.2022.16.3.163.
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Digital platform insurance market is expected to grow rapidly due to the rapid development of IT technology and the spread of non-face-to-face culture due to corona 19. Related regulations such as the revision of the Data 3 Act have also improved in favor of the development of the digital platform insurance industry. However, the provision of health care data, which is the most important to insurance companies, has not been implemented properly until now. This is presumed to be due to a combination of extreme sensitivity of healthcare data, social wave in case of leakage, and long distrust of insurance companies. Therefore, prior to the utilization of healthcare data, insurance companies should prepare a firm plan for the protection of information subjects, and based on this, they should lead to social trust. In order to activate digital platform insurance products, it is necessary to revise the current Financial Consumer Protection Act to alleviate ambiguous and extensive explanation obligations. In particular, it is desirable to impose a differentiated explanation obligation by subdividing insurance products subject to explanation obligation. For small and short-term insurance companies, it is necessary to promote the development and sales of various digital platform insurance products by encouraging the establishment of the regulations by applying more relaxed regulatory requirements than existing insurance companies.
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Rajala, Anni, and Tuire Hautala-Kankaanpää. "Exploring the effects of SMEs’ platform-based digital connectivity on firm performance – the moderating role of environmental turbulence." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 38, no. 13 (January 9, 2023): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-01-2022-0024.
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Purpose Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often operate in environments marked by high levels of turbulence. Such firms adopt digital technologies and platforms that provide access to external real-time information and establish digital connectivity between firms to remain competitive. This study aims to focus on SMEs’ downstream and upstream platform-based digital connectivity (PDC). Design/methodology/approach This study examines the effects of PDC on SMEs’ operational performance under conditions of environmental turbulence. The data was gathered from 192 SMEs operating in the manufacturing arena. Findings The results show that the adoption of PDC does not directly affect an SME’s operational performance. However, in highly turbulent environments, PDC can improve operational performance. The results indicate that the performance effects of PDC vary according to the level and type of environmental turbulence. Research limitations/implications This research offers insights into the relationship between PDC among SMEs and operational performance and encourages future research examining other possible conditional effects that could explain the contradictory results found in previous research. Originality/value This study contributes to the knowledge of supply-chain digitalization among SMEs and its performance effects in varying environmental conditions. Further, this study contributes to the prior research by focusing on the interorganizational aspects of digitalization in SMEs.
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Busquets, Javier. "Multiasistencia: Transforming the Digital Ecosystem." Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases 8, no. 2 (November 2018): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41266-017-0029-z.
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Multiasistencia was an ecosystem in 2017 managing a network-based service called the “Comprehensive Claim Management Service” (CCMS). The firm offered home repair services to its 100 Corporate Clients (Financial Institutions and Insurance Companies) which attended to some 8 Million end customers, managing a network of some 6.000 Trade Professionals (SME and self-employee). The service was supported by an advanced digital platform to coordinate all actions in that ecosystem. The case shows the challenges of digitalization, namely (1) new digital entrants, (2) the Smart Home trends, (3) the digital effects on banking, and (4) the demand of personalization. Those strategic changes lead to Multiasistencia to create a Digital Hub to manage Big Data so placing students on the managerial situation to decide priorities in business model, processes, and new ways to grow.
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Nguyen, Do Giang, and Minh-Tri Ha. "What Makes Users Continue to Want to Use the Digital Platform? Evidence From the Ride-Hailing Service Platform in Vietnam." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402110691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211069146.
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This study investigates the relationship between belief structures (perceived compatibility, self-efficacy, and subjective norm), behavioral adaptation, satisfaction, and continuance intention of a platform-based ride-hailing service called “Grab” in Vietnam. After applying a questionnaire-based survey method and convenience sampling for data collection, the study collected 439 responses from the current users of Grab. A structural equation modeling procedure was used to verify the hypotheses. The results revealed that, except for the relationship between perceived compatibility and behavioral adaptation, all belief structures positively affect behavioral adaptation and satisfaction. Furthermore, both satisfaction and behavioral adaptation positively affect the continuance intention. Our study also demonstrated the partial and full mediating role of behavioral adaptation between self-efficacy and continuance intention, and between subjective norm and continuance intention, respectively. Our study broadens the current understanding of the relationship mechanism between belief structures, behavioral adaptation, and continuance intention. Theoretically, this study is the first research into the relationships between belief structure, behavioral adaptation and continuance intention, and it also identifies the mediating effects of behavioral adaptation on continuance intention in the platform-based context. Additionally, our study offers insightful implications for firm managers to retain users effectively by boosting the factors contributing to continuance intention.
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Barton, Susan S., and Bridget K. Behe. "Retail Promotion and Advertising in the Green Industry: An Overview and Exploration of the Use of Digital Advertising." HortTechnology 27, no. 1 (February 2017): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03578-16.
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The retail portion of the green industry, valued at $50.55 billion, continues to provide a major connection between the industry and consumers. Given the importance of retailers in the green industry and little research exists that documents their advertising practices and impacts, the 2013 Trade Flows and Marketing Practices survey included questions to capture data for retail-only firms. This paper reports on the percentage of sales retailers allocate to promotion and advertising, including a breakdown of media used; point-of-sale (POS) materials and how they are acquired; how green industry retailers are using social media and mobile marketing [in particular, quick response (QR) codes]; the methods retailers use to collect customer demographics; customer loyalty programs (CLP); and how they are managed by retailers and a comparison of retail firms’ advertising practices by size of firm. A combination of mailed and Internet-distributed surveys resulted in a total of 699 useable retail business responses with greater than or equal to $1000 in annual revenue. The median expenditure as a percentage of sales on advertising was 3.6% for all retail firms responding with 33.7% spending no dollars on advertising. In examining the distribution based on media type, the Internet was the most frequently listed by firms (32.3%) with a mean expenditure of 42.5% of total advertising dollars. Social media was listed second most frequently (21.5%) with a mean expenditure of 29.6%. Newspapers were listed as the third most frequently used type of media (18.0%). Social media use is strong and among social media platforms, Facebook (60%) far exceeds any other platform. A third of the respondents (34.2%) reported the use of POS materials. A very small percentage of firms (3.0%) reported using QR codes and 19.4% reported having a CLP. Of those, 45.8% used customer purchase cards, whereas 35.4% used POS software. Nearly 33% of the firms collected demographic information about their customers. Of those, the method with the highest percentage use (multiple responses were permitted) was social media (50.7%) followed by CLP (48.9%), web visits (34.5%), questionnaires (15.7%), social coupons (13.5%), census data (3.9%), and marketing firms (3.1%). There were firm-size differences in seasonal employees and mean sales per employee with large firms having greater numbers than hobby, small- or medium-sized firms. There were no differences in the percentage of advertising media allocations based on firm size, but large firms used web visits, social coupons, and social media more than other types of firms to collect customer demographics. While, green industry retailers are currently using social media for marketing green industry goods, they have much more opportunity to use electronic media for CLPs and to begin using QR codes or other mobile-centric technologies to deliver in-store promotional information to consumers.
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Karpinskaya, Venera A., and Maksim A. Rybachuk. "The Genesis of The Ecosystem Form of Production Organization in a Modern Economy: Factors and Results." Journal of Economic Regulation 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 085–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429.2021.12.2.085-099.
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The article identifies the factors that determined the position of companies implementing ecosystem strategies at the top of the ratings of the most expensive companies in the world. The influence of information and technological development on the evolution of production organization forms in the industrial and digital eras and the formation of enterprise strategies in these periods have been analyzed. It was found that the reduction in the cost of computing, storing information, transferring, and processing data by economic agents in the internet era led to a decrease in the volume of their transaction costs and also influenced the disintegration of some value chains and links of these chains. In the future, the creation of economic value not only by producers but also by consumers and the transfer of the created value by the latter to other consumers caused a subsequent decrease in the volume of transaction costs, which, in turn, led to the unification of producers and consumers in ecosystems. It is shown that platform ecosystems operate based on the “inverted firm” concept, i.e., a firm that can locate production outside the firm and use external labor due to network effects. This circumstance allows platform-type ecosystems to achieve a low production level and zero marginal costs and, accordingly, to scale the company at a high rate. It was revealed that the leadership in the costs of platform ecosystems is the main factor in their displacement from the market of enterprises of the traditional form of management.
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Ferreira, Daniela, Mário Vale, and Renato Miguel Carmo. "The Cyberdivisions Produced by the Design of VGI under the Platform Economy: The Case of the Restaurant Sector in TripAdvisor." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10110717.
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There is increasing concern regarding the inequalities produced by digital platforms based on volunteered geographic information (VGI). Several forms of inequalities have been observed, namely the unequal spatial coverage and the uneven levels of usage even in territories with good coverage. However, VGI platforms under the logic of platform economy have generated other forms of spatial inequality that require more attention. The cyberspace within VGI platforms is producing different cyberspatialities, especially with the platformisation processes that have made this type of inequality more evident. With this in mind, this paper aims to explore the making of cyberdivisions under the platform economy. We argue that the design of VGI within digital platforms is generating cyberdivisions in the urban economy. This research is particularly interested in exploring the restaurant sector in the TripAdvisor platform in the city of Lisbon. In this paper, we draw on a representative survey by questionnaire to restaurant firm owners. We obtained 385 responses out of a universe of 3453 restaurants. This sample provides a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of 5%. In addition, we webscraped data from TripAdvisor to assess its coverage in Lisbon. This study reveals that there are different forms of online presence and engagement which have generated cyberdivisions.
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Bäckström, Izabelle, and Malin Lindberg. "Varying involvement in digitally enhanced employee-driven innovation." European Journal of Innovation Management 22, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 524–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-01-2018-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge about the mechanisms behind, and the implications of, varying involvement in digitally enhanced employee-driven innovation (EDI) by studying how a firm integrates a web-based tool in the organization of its EDI process. Design/methodology/approach Based on a qualitative in-depth interview study with managers and employees at one high-performing and one low-performing office of a global IT firm, a critical discourse analysis was performed. It explored how the EDI discourse was produced, distributed and consumed in relation to the web-based tool for collecting and selecting employee ideas. Findings The results demonstrate that the production of the innovation discourse by the top-level management, which emphasizes client satisfaction rather than employee engagement, restricts the employees’ utilization of the digital platform that distributes the discourse. However, at the high-performing office, employee participation is ensured because the local managers act as co-distributors of the digital tool. Research limitations/implications The single case study design limits the generalizability of the results, but is nevertheless relevant for understanding the mechanisms and implications in similar contexts where web-based tools are used to enhance EDI processes. Practical implications The study provides practical insights into the importance of local management’s active promotion of digital tools in order to ensure employee involvement. Originality/value The study contributes to the EDI literature by identifying some mechanisms behind and the implications of varying employee involvement in digitally enhanced EDI processes.
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Akter, Shahriar, Md Afnan Hossain, Qiang (Steven) Lu, and S. M. Riad Shams. "Big data-driven strategic orientation in international marketing." International Marketing Review 38, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 927–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-11-2020-0256.
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PurposeBig data is one of the most demanding topics in contemporary marketing research. Despite its importance, the big data-based strategic orientation in international marketing is yet to be formed conceptually. Thus, the purpose of this study is to systematically review and propose a holistic framework on big data-based strategic orientation for firms in international markets to attain a sustained firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a systematic literature review to synthesize research rigorously. Initially, 2,242 articles were identified from the selective databases, and 45 papers were finally reported as most relevant to propose an integrative conceptual framework.FindingsThe findings of the systematic literature review revealed data-evolving, and data-driven strategic orientations are essential for performing international marketing activities that contain three primary orientations such as (1) international digital platform orientation, (2) international market orientation and (3) international innovation and entrepreneurial orientation. Eleven distinct sub-dimensions reflect these three primary orientations. These strategic orientations of international firms may lead to advanced analytics orientation to attain sustained firm performance by generating and capturing value from the marketplace.Research limitations/implicationsThe study minimizes the literature gap by forming knowledge on big data-based strategic orientation and framing a multidimensional framework for guiding managers in the context of strategic orientation for international business and international marketing activities. The current study was conducted by following only a systematic literature review exclusively in firms' overall big data-based strategic orientation concept in international marketing. Future research may extend the domain by introducing firms' category wise systematic literature review.Originality/valueThe study has proposed a holistic conceptual framework for big data-driven strategic orientation in international marketing literature through a systematic review for the first time. It has also illuminated a future research agenda that raises questions for the scholars to develop or extend theory in this area or other related disciplines.
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Hermes, Sebastian, Tobias Riasanow, Eric K. Clemons, Markus Böhm, and Helmut Krcmar. "The digital transformation of the healthcare industry: exploring the rise of emerging platform ecosystems and their influence on the role of patients." Business Research 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 1033–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40685-020-00125-x.
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AbstractWhile traditional organizations create value within the boundaries of their firm or supply chain, digital platforms leverage and orchestrate a platform-mediated ecosystem to create and co-create value with a much wider array of partners and actors. Although the change to two-sided markets and their generalization to platform ecosystems have been adopted among various industries, both academic research and industry adoption have lagged behind in the healthcare industry. To the best of our knowledge current Information Systems research has not yet incorporated an interorganizational perspective of the digital transformation of healthcare. This neglects a wide range of emerging changes, including changing segmentation of industry market participants, changing patient segments, changing patient roles as decision makers, and their interaction in patient care. This study therefore investigates the digital transformation of the healthcare industry by analyzing 1830 healthcare organizations found on Crunchbase. We derived a generic value ecosystem of the digital healthcare industry and validated our findings with industry experts from the traditional and the start-up healthcare domains. The results indicate 8 new roles within healthcare, namely: information platforms, data collection technology, market intermediaries, services for remote and on-demand healthcare, augmented and virtual reality provider, blockchain-based PHR, cloud service provider, and intelligent data analysis for healthcare provider. Our results further illustrate how these roles transform value proposition, value capture, and value delivery in the healthcare industry. We discuss competition between new entrants and incumbents and elaborate how digital health innovations contribute to the changing role of patients.
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Kramer, Michael Paul, Linda Bitsch, and Jon Hanf. "Blockchain and Its Impacts on Agri-Food Supply Chain Network Management." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042168.
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Blockchain is an emerging meta-technology and considered a new institutional technology with the potential to change the governance of vertically integrated food supply chains. This paper investigates the effects on coordination mechanisms in vertically cooperating agri-food networks that result from the implementation of different blockchain technology platform types (BCTPT). The research is based on an extensive literature overview and exploratory use cases of BCTPT implementations in the agri-food industry which are presented to illustrate the applicability of the findings. Our analysis shows that BCTPT predominantly differentiate through the coordination mechanisms exerting of power, information sharing, decision-making, and collective learning benefits. We also reveal that blockchain use cases with high success rates typically operate in a vertical ecosystem where a focal firm assumes the responsibility for coordinating the activities in the supply chain network. These use cases are typically operationalized in tracking and tracing applications as well as in provenance-based information provision, which either operate in vertically coordinated private blockchain or consortium-type blockchain platforms. We conclude that the choice of a specific BCTPT with its respective coordination mechanisms is a key determinant of the economic success of the intended use case, the efficient management of the supply chain network, and eventually for the chosen digital business model. This paper will close a research gap, as the potential impacts of different blockchain technology platform types on digital agri-food business models and its supply chain management have scarcely been researched.
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Kramer, Michael Paul, Linda Bitsch, and Jon H. Hanf. "Centralization vs. Decentralization - supply chain networks and blockchain in the agri-food business." Europub Journal of Exact and Engineering Research 3, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.54749/ejeerv3n1-002.
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Hierarchically organized businesses have been dominating our economy for centuries. We follow this structure for so long now because it is very efficient to allocating resources, performing coordination activities, and building relationships. However, potentially disruptive technologies such as Blockchain Technology (BCT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT) have the potential to transform the centralized agri-food supply chain networks (SCN) into decentralized digital ecosystems, which will impact business processes and workflows alike. Still today the traditional agri-food SCN is characterized by a pyramid-hierarchic structure where decisions are being made by a central authority. It is typically headed by a focal firm which is responsible for the coordination of the network while determining the strategy and goals of the SCN. We investigated BCT use cases both in the agri-food industry and across several industries. Our literature- and use case-based research unveiled that supply chain use cases which have significantly higher operational implementations compared to their peers exhibit predominantly the following characteristics: they operate in a vertically coordinated ecosystem, they are dominated by a focal firm, and participation of suppliers is mandated by a central authority. The use cases displaying the mentioned characteristics have been found predominantly with consortium type of BCT platform implementations. As agri-food SCNs operate in vertically coordinated ecosystems we suggest that solutions such as provenance or traceability in agri-food SCNs should be implemented based on consortium BCTs as those seem to support best the traditional agri-food SCN structure.
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Mironova, S. M., D. V. Kozhemyakin, and A. E. Ponomarchenko. "Adaptation of the legal regulation of labor, civil, tax relations to the gig economy." Law Enforcement Review 6, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 314–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(4).314-329.
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The subject of the article is impact the gig economy to the legal regulation of labor, civil, tax relations.The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of legal regulation of relations between gig workers and digital platforms in the gig economy and suggest ways to improve it.The methodology includes systematic approach, comparative method, formal-logical method, formal-legal method, analysis, synthesis.The main results of the research. The transition from a “classic” industrial employment relationship between an employer and an employee to one based on the gig economy, using digital platforms to link the employee to their job, has created problems in classifying employment arrangements in labor law. In the current situation, the state needs to do a lot of work: (1) the sphere of the gig economy requires the compilation of clear terminology, as well as the analysis and identification of the functions of digital platforms and gig workers, then it requires amendments to labor legislation; (2) it is necessary to develop criteria for gig workers or independent contractors, one of the criteria can be proposed: the performance of work by a gig worker without the control of the hiring firm. The hiring firm's control should be limited to accepting or rejecting the results a gig worker achieves, not how they achieve them; (3) It is necessary to delimit the sphere of regulation of hired labor from the sphere of regulation of gig-employment, to withdraw gig-employment from the regulation of labor legislation.An analysis of the current legislation and law enforcement practice shows that the cornerstone of legal regulation in the field of the gig economy is the issue of legal registration of relations between digital platforms and their partners. Thus, with a rigid approach that identifies these relations with labor relations, the gig economy loses its specificity, digital platforms lose their competitive advantages in many ways, and in some cases, their ability to function. At the same time, the current relations in the field of employment of individuals on digital platforms allow us to speak about the presence of certain differences between such relations and labor relations, which are manifested mainly in greater freedom on the side of the "employee" and less control on the part of the employer – the digital platform, and also the unstable nature of this form of employment and its subsidiarity to more traditional forms. The specificity of the relationship between platforms and its counterparties also raises the question of the need to reform the provisions on civil liability, aimed at formulating special grounds for the responsibility of digital platforms, the distribution of this responsibility between them and their partners. Such provisions may be based on the existing norms on the liability of the employer for harm caused by his employee.Conclusions. The change of labor relations between employees and the employer to the relationship between the digital platform and gig workers predetermines the transformation of tax legal relations, in terms of the following aspects: what taxes should a gig worker pay, should there be any special tax regime; how the issue of paying insurance premiums should be resolved, whether they should be mandatory or voluntary; what role digital platforms will play in tax relations, whether they should act as tax agents or data providers; what requirements for gig workers, as taxpayers, should be imposed by tax legislation in terms of record keeping and reporting; how tax control should be exercised over gig workers and digital platforms.
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Osarenkhoe, Aihie, and Daniella Fjellström. "The Oxymoron of Digitalization." Journal of Information Technology Research 14, no. 4 (October 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.20211001.oa1.
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How do small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) perceive the prerequisites and critical factors of digitalization? The objective of this article is to map SMEs' digital maturity and their views on how to manage the opportunities and challenges brought about by digitalization in order to foster competitiveness in local, regional, national, and international contexts. The study draws on a resource-based perspective, which views the firm as a unique bundle of assets and resources that, if utilized in distinctive ways, can create competitive advantage. The study builds on triadic relations as an interactive learning process that occurs in the interaction between actors as the concept of open innovation postulates. This study was conducted as an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study of SMEs and actors in innovation system in Gävleborg County in Sweden. It uses a qualitative approach featuring in-depth interviews, workshops, and focus-group interviews. The findings suggest a digital divide between SMEs, with a discrepancy in opportunities to benefit from the digitalization potential among the population studied. The divide manifests itself through economics, usability, and empowerment. Digitalization should not be viewed as merely a technology issue, but as a better way to run a business, as a platform for development and dissemination of knowledge about the critical factors for increased competitiveness that creates competitive values in production with digitalization as a starting point and creates an understanding of the how and what creates competitiveness in each critical factor.
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Fusco, Federico. "Rethinking the allocation criteria of the labour law rights and protections: A risk-based approach." European Labour Law Journal 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952520905152.
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The present paper investigates the ongoing validity of the notion of subordination as selection criteria to allocate the labour protections in the contemporary economic framework. The gig economy is deeply affecting the way of working, transforming the employee in a service provider. This phenomenon is partially due to the progressive shift from a firm-based production model towards a market transaction based one. Although its lawfulness is still unclear, it highlights that the way of working is changing in a way that struggles to fit into the classic legal categories. This is mainly due to the fact that the labour protections are usually bestowed moving from a notion of subordination highly focused on the organisational element. Thus, economic actors suffering from the same economic weakness of the employees, but organisationally independent, struggle to obtain the necessary protections. Moving from those remarks the author suggests rethinking the allocation criteria of the labour protections, adopting economic weakness as the main criterion. This category should encompass all the individuals performing a working activity that are not able to significantly influence its financial outcome. The aim of such reform should be to extend the labour protections to all the subjects needing them. The final part of the paper investigates the possible solutions under the current legal framework. The major finding is that under certain circumstances the gig workers can be qualified as temporary employees not of the platform, but of the contractor. In this scenario, the digital platforms should be deemed as job-placement service providers and, thus, they should comply with the relevant provisions. These include the eventual need of administrative authorisations and the free-of-charge principle, whose violations represent, in several jurisdictions, a criminal offence
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Randhawa, Krithika, Emmanuel Josserand, Jochen Schweitzer, and Danielle Logue. "Knowledge collaboration between organizations and online communities: the role of open innovation intermediaries." Journal of Knowledge Management 21, no. 6 (October 9, 2017): 1293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-09-2016-0423.
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Purpose This research paper aims to examine how open innovation (OI) intermediaries facilitate knowledge collaboration between organizations and online user communities. Drawing on a Community of Practice (CoP) perspective on knowledge, the study lays out a framework of the knowledge boundary management mechanisms (and associated practices) that intermediaries deploy in enabling client organizations to engage in online community-based OI. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on an exploratory case study of an OI intermediary and 18 client organizations that engage with online user communities on the intermediary’s platform. Results incorporate both the intermediary and clients’ perspective, based on analysis of intermediary and client interviews, clients’ online community projects and other archival data. Findings Results reveal that OI intermediaries deploy three knowledge boundary management mechanisms – syntactic, semantic and pragmatic – each underpinned by a set of practices. Together, these mechanisms enable knowledge transfer, translation and transformation, respectively, and thus lead to cumulatively richer knowledge collaboration outcomes at the organization–community boundary. The findings show that the pragmatic mechanism reinforces both semantic and syntactic mechanisms, and is hence the most critical to achieving effective knowledge collaboration in community-based OI settings. Practical implications The findings suggest that OI intermediaries have to implement all three boundary management mechanisms to successfully enable knowledge collaboration for community-based OI. More specifically, intermediaries need to expand their focus beyond the development of digital platforms, to include nuanced efforts at building organizational commitment to community engagement. Originality/value Drawing on the CoP view, this study integrates the knowledge management literature into the OI literature to conceptualize the role of OI intermediaries in shaping knowledge collaboration between organizations and communities. In engaging with the interactive nature of knowledge exchange in such multi-actor settings, this research extends the firm-centric theorization of knowledge that currently dominates the existing OI research.
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Ghose, Anindya, Xitong Guo, Beibei Li, and Yuanyuan Dang. "Empowering Patients Using Smart Mobile Health Platforms: Evidence of a Randomized Field Experiment." MIS Quarterly 46, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 151–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2022/16201.
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With today’s technological advancements, mobile phones and wearable devices have become extensions of an increasingly diffused and smart digital infrastructure. In this paper, we examine mobile health (mHealth) platforms and their health and economic impacts on the outcomes of chronic disease patients. To do so, we partnered with a major mHealth firm that provides one of the largest mobile health app platforms in Asia specializing in diabetes care. We designed and implemented a randomized field experiment based on detailed patient health activities (e.g., steps, exercises, sleep, food intake) and blood glucose values from 1,070 diabetes patients over several months. Our main findings show that the adoption of the mHealth app leads to an improvement in health behavior, which in turn leads to both short term metrics (such as reduction in patients’ blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels) and longer-term metrics (such as hospital visits and medical expenses). Patients who adopted the mHealth app undertook higher levels of exercise, consumed healthier food with lower calories, walked more steps and slept for longer times on a daily basis. They also were more likely to substitute offline visits with telehealth. A comparison of mobile versus PC-enabled versions of the same app demonstrates that the mobile version has a stronger effect than PC version in helping patients make these behavioral modifications with respect to diet, exercise, and lifestyle, which ultimately leads to an improvement in their healthcare outcomes. We also compared outcomes when the platform facilitates personalized health reminders to patients vis-à-vis generic (non-personalized) reminders. Surprisingly, we found that personalized mobile messages with patient-specific guidance can have an inadvertent (smaller) effect on patient app engagement and lifestyle changes, leading to a lower health improvement. However, they are more like to encourage a substitution of offline visits by telehealth. Overall, our findings indicate the massive potential of mHealth technologies and platform design in achieving better healthcare outcomes.
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Fadli, F., N. Kutty, Z. Wang, S. Zlatanova, L. Mahdjoubi, P. Boguslawski, and V. Zverovich. "EXTENDING INDOOR OPEN STREET MAPPING ENVIRONMENTS TO NAVIGABLE 3D CITYGML BUILDING MODELS: EMERGENCY RESPONSE ASSESSMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-161-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Disaster scenarios in high-rise buildings such as the Address Downtown, Dubai or Grenfell Tower, London have showed ones again the importance of data information availability for emergency management in buildings. 3D visualization of indoor routing services using extensive and high quality geographic data sources is essential for spatial analysis in emergency responses. In order to facilitate emergency response simulations, a combination of geometrical, graphical and semantic information is essential. Successful and efficient emergency evacuation responses is facilitated by the availability of both digital static and dynamic information of the incident site. However, interruptions may be encountered with the availability of dynamic data, where static data developed using indoor navigation ontologies serve as an alternative to inform the first responders. Thus, it is necessary to obtain a firm, interactive and quasi-realistic virtual simulation of the building environments. Voxelized CityGML models imported into voxel based hazard simulation systems fits well into the simulation algorithm requirements (Groger et al., 2008; Moreno et.al, 2010). Therefore, the research investigates an alternative platform for generating CityGML spatial analysis models. LoD4 models are developed using Computer Aided Design (Auto CAD) 2D files, crowdsourced geo-data (OpenStreetMap) and open source tools. A combination of software packages is utilized for 3D reconstruction of building interiors. This process is achieved through a Java application developed by researchers at Heidelberg University. Conclusions drawn from the research validate the 3D CityGML model generation process as an international standard to effectively enhance the outcome of emergency evacuation simulations of high rise buildings.</p>
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Miao, Guojian, Yin Gao, and Zhenshen Zhu. "Digital Movie Recommendation Algorithm Based on Big Data Platform." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4163426.
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How to associate films with users among various film data and help users get useful information is a big problem we face. The recommendation system aims to provide users with accurate project recommendations, which can effectively solve the problem of information explosion caused by a large amount of data. Traditional recommendation systems are widely used in movie shopping. Aiming at this problem, this paper designs and develops a collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on big data platform. Firstly, the depth is deeper than the traditional automatic coding network, and the new activation function is used to generate the depth feature vector. Secondly, the model can describe both linear and nonlinear features of movie data, which further improves the extraction ability of nonlinear features. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and can bring better user experience and economic benefits to consumers.
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Vasudevan, Smitha, and F. J. Peter Kumar. "Changing realty: altering paths of brand discovery for real estate websites in India." Property Management 37, no. 3 (June 17, 2019): 346–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-03-2018-0020.
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Purpose Brand awareness is a key cognitive metric and a vital component of consumer-based brand equity. Generating and maintaining brand awareness has been an important metric for brands and a significant outcome of advertising and promotional activities. Brand awareness has been studied over the years in the context of market share and mind share and is considered to be the fundamental starting point of a brand relationship. Most branding variables are challenged in their linear definitions by the multi-dimensionality of the connected online world. Consumers may start their brand journey with brand awareness and then proceed to explore higher options in a non-linear fashion. This challenges traditional advertising and brand salience models. In the web context, brand awareness could even happen with little prior cognitive processing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the little researched area of brand awareness in the context of Indian websites. Design/methodology/approach The study leveraged technology to study the brand discovery behaviour of real estate website users in India. The authors looked at essentially modified processes such as the brand experience journey, specifically, the sources and antecedents of brand awareness for real estate websites. Considering the fact that direct and indirect traffic to a website is indicative of the brand awareness metrics, the authors analyse the metric as a basis of the comparison. Findings Brand awareness in the digital world can be attributed as firm generated, user generated and, as the authors also discover, experience initiated. The altered dimensions have a profound impact on the brand advertising spends of not just digital brands, but all marketers who will find digital technology increasingly central to their brand communication efforts. Research limitations/implications Burgeoning websites and media proliferation have increased the source set for website discovery. Customers do not rely solely on advertising or chance encounter to discover a new brand. Usage of search engines remains the key point of discovery for brand awareness. Some of the respondents recognised websites from prior advertising exposure and selected the brand from the consideration set offered in the search results for their keyword search. In other cases, brand awareness followed brand experience as the users did not process the brand information or, in most cases, were not aware of the brand name prior to website visit. The quality of brand experience created brand awareness and had further implications, including brand visit intent. Practical implications While mass media television advertising and ubiquitous online advertising can build brand awareness, the impact of search engine advertising and search engine optimisation is equally significant, if not more important. Brand managers can additionally focus on branding on the search channel in the light of increasing search intensity. Beyond traditional keyword planning, this can be an enhanced branding platform for reaching out to specific behavioural or character traits of the target audience. Brand experience can mature from task completion to brand awareness and higher level values if the website includes key brand messages and goals. Originality/value This paper offers insight into the little known field of online brand management. Information intermediary websites are unique in their value proposition, and brand building is challenging. Real estate websites have grown in popularity, but have not merited researcher attention. This paper offers a unique perspective on branding websites, specifically in the context of emerging markets like India.
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Cheng, Jinn-Shing, Echo Huang, and Chuan-Lang Lin. "An e-book hub service based on a cloud platform." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 13, no. 5 (November 1, 2012): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v13i5.1251.
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Due to the constant performance upgrades and regular price reductions of mobile devices in recent years, users are able to take advantage of the various devices to obtain digital content regardless of the limitations of time and place. The increasing use of e-books has stimulated new e-learning approaches. This research project developed an e-book hub service on a cloud computing platform in order to overcome the limitations of computing capability and storage capacity that are inherent in many mobile devices. The e-book hub service also allows users to automatically adjust the rendering of multimedia pages at different resolutions on terminal units such as smartphones, tablets, PCs, and so forth. We implemented an e-book hub service on OpenStack, which is a free and open-source cloud computing platform supported by multiple large firms. The OpenStack platform provides a large-scale distributed computing environment that allows users to build their own cloud systems in a public, private, or hybrid environment. Our e-book hub system offers content providers an easy-to-use cloud computing service with unlimited storage capacity, fluent playback, high usability and scalability, and high security characteristics to produce, convert, and manage their e-books. The integration of information and communication technologies has led the traditional publishing industry to new horizons with abundant digital content publications. Results from this study may help content providers create a new service model with increased profitability and enable mobile device users to easily get digital content, thereby achieving the goal of e-learning.<br /><br />
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Bilbil, Ebru Tekin. "New Governance and Digital Platform Companies." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 6, no. 2 (April 2019): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2019040104.
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Based on a new governance theory as regulatory governance, this article analyzes how a new economy creates new transaction costs at the local level due to the lack of legal coordination based on diversity and competition. The literature focuses on how new platform technologies have decreased existing transaction costs (i.e., online platforms). Surrounded by uncertainties in today's diverse, complex, competitive, and a fast market environment, the lack of legal coordination has created new transaction costs for digital platform companies. There is limited research on new digital platform company experiences with high transaction costs. There is also limited information on how to overcome these costs, especially due to the lack of legal coordination. This article documents ways to understand how transaction costs are revealed through new technologies. It compares diverse regulatory impacts of the new economy on different localities, including San Francisco and Istanbul. Analyzing Uber as the case company, as well as its relationship with other stakeholders, this article adopts the governance model of regulation to identify the constitutive dynamics of the regulatory challenges. It reveals that local and global e-hail firms in the same country acquired different acceptance and responses in the local market. Thus, the level of transaction costs varied. Local communication based on diversity and competition was derived from the vested interests of lobbying powers, which led to the rising transaction costs. Comparing the local governance in two cities reveals the extent to which transaction costs affect the raison d'etre of companies to perform activities.
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Ada, Serkan. "Two-Sided Markets: Apples Digital Application Platform." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 1, no. 1 (March 20, 2013): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v1i1.3053.
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Two-sided markets (or platforms) are defined as the platforms that provide goods or services to two distinct groups of customers, and that intermediate the transactions between these groups. Such platforms are of great importance in todays global business world and considerable amount of value is created by these platforms. The success of numerous firms in the business world, including but are not limited to Google, eBay, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, Sony PlayStation, Visa, is mainly due to the advantages provided by the two-sided platforms. This paper is devoted to the two-sided markets phenomenon, its basic characteristics, architecture as well as mechanism. The paper explains the aforementioned information regarding two-sided markets by providing the case from Apples digital application platform. Furthermore, Apples competitive advantage stemming from this platform has been articulated by the theoretical perspective provided by the Resource Based View (RBV).
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Vives, Xavier. "Digital Disruption in Banking." Annual Review of Financial Economics 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-100719-120854.
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This review surveys technological disruption in banking, examining its impact on competition and its potential to increase efficiency and customer welfare. It analyzes the possible strategies of the players involved—incumbents and FinTech and BigTech firms—and the role of regulation. The industry is facing radical transformation and restructuring, as well as a move toward a customer-centric platform-based model. Competition will increase as new players enter the industry, but the long-term impact is more open. Regulation will decisively influence to what extent BigTech will enter the industry and who the dominant players will be. The challenge for regulators will be to keep a level playing field that strikes the right balance between fostering innovation and preserving financial stability. Consumer protection concerns rise to the forefront.
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Malhotra, Supriti. "The Youtube Companion to Film Education." Studies in Media and Communication 10, no. 2 (November 27, 2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v10i2.5748.
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The digital economy has expanded the global commercial sphere into portable devices for improved access to consumer data and increased trade opportunities. The proliferation of internet users across multiple social media platforms has influenced not only trade, but global media and communication. As platforms for user-generated content such as YouTube and TikTok show no signs of decelerating, the availability of digital technologies has spawned content creators worldwide. As the world’s second-most visited website, and India’s top OTT platform for media consumption, the influence of YouTube extends beyond music and entertainment. A content-sharing platform that also offers opportunities for informal learning, YouTube is causing a paradigm shift in global education including cinematic pedagogy. Based on the Jungian theory of individuation and through a schizoanalytical Deleuzian lens, this research paper examines the ubiquity of YouTube as an educational alternative among media and communication students in India. The research design will employ mixed methodologies to understand semiotic patterns in media consumption in terms of informal learning and meaning-making practices. These include descriptive analysis for individual variables and correlation analysis of variables. The research study will help determine YouTube trends in cinematic pedagogy among media and communication students in India and enable replicable analysis of informal learning paradigms facilitated by digital technologies and the concomitant consumer surplus.
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Lunn, Mitchell R., Micah Lubensky, Carolyn Hunt, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Chollada Sooksaman, Todd Harnett, Del Currie, Chris Neal, and Juno Obedin-Maliver. "A digital health research platform for community engagement, recruitment, and retention of sexual and gender minority adults in a national longitudinal cohort study–—The PRIDE Study." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 8-9 (June 4, 2019): 737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz082.
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Abstract Objective Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are underrepresented in research. We sought to create a digital research platform to engage, recruit, and retain SGM people in a national, longitudinal, dynamic, cohort study (The PRIDE Study) of SGM health. Materials and Methods We partnered with design and development firms and engaged SGM community members to build a secure, cloud-based, containerized, microservices-based, feature-rich, research platform. We created PRIDEnet, a national network of individuals and organizations that actively engaged SGM communities in all stages of health research. The PRIDE Study participants were recruited via in-person outreach, communications to PRIDEnet constituents, social media advertising, and word-of-mouth. Participants completed surveys to report demographic as well as physical, mental, and social health data. Results We built a secure digital research platform with engaging functionality that engaged SGM people and recruited and retained 13 731 diverse individuals in 2 years. A sizeable sample of 3813 gender minority people (32.8% of cohort) were recruited despite representing only approximately 0.6% of the population. Participants engaged with the platform and completed comprehensive annual surveys— including questions about sensitive and stigmatizing topics— to create a data resource and join a cohort for ongoing SGM health research. Discussion With an appealing digital platform, recruitment and engagement in online-only longitudinal cohort studies are possible. Participant engagement with meaningful, bidirectional relationships creates stakeholders and enables study cocreation. Research about effective tactics to engage, recruit, and maintain active participation from all communities is needed. Conclusion This digital research platform successfully recruited and engaged diverse SGM participants in The PRIDE Study. A similar approach may be successful in partnership with other underrepresented and vulnerable populations.
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Parvulescu, Constantin. "Romanian Film for the World: the Cultural Embedding of an Independent vod." Studies in World Cinema 2, no. 1-2 (May 24, 2022): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659891-bja10015.
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Abstract The article analyzes the catalog, acts of curation, and promotional materials of the Romanian-based vod platform Cinepub (www.cinepub.ro). It also draws evidence from an interview conducted with the founder and manager of the platform, Lucian Georgescu. The analysis reveals the embedding of the service in the Romanian cinema culture, as well as in a global digital periphery. Some of the aspects that make Cinepub’s service stand out, the article argues, can be interpreted as responses to and reflections of its embedding. The broader question raised by my case study is to what extent and under what conditions vods from the European periphery can become viable actors on present-day markets.
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Sembin, A. B. "Project management in the conditions of digital transformation of Kazakhstan." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-3-229-234.
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This article highlights project management issues in the context of Kazakhstan’s digital transformation. The global crisis is forcing the government and industrial companies to be selective in defining priorities and support successful projects that have already shown results in practice. Based on research by experts from the Higher School of Economics, UNESCO and Accenture, following key areas have been identified for digital transformation: building a digital data management system, global relevance of research in digitalization, as well as the separation between industry and science in the transition to advanced innovative technologies. Kazakhstani industrial enterprises are experiencing a turning point in the implementation of advanced innovative technologies and R&D results. For industrial enterprises, the implementation of innovative projects is similar to R&D based on several factors: 1) the solution has to be assessed in terms of applicability; 2) it is usually implemented for the first time; 3) revision is necessary, taking into account the business needs, legislation, labor protection fire safety, ecology, etc. To scale up and leverage lessons learnt from successful projects, the Autonomous Cluster Fund has created a new tool – the Smart Industry Management Platform (SIMP). The SIMP platform is the result of 5 years of fruitful cooperation with industrial enterprises. Currently, one of the main priorities of the Autonomous Cluster Fund is to focus on developing the local Industry 4.0 ecosystem by helping industrial enterprises to accelerate their digital transformation. Using the platform approach in order to implement Industry 4.0 components in Kazakhstan will allow to develop new points of growth of the national economy, and ensure the integration of Kazakhstani companies into global value chains in the medium term.
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Putri, Ajeng Septianur, and Kristoforus Laga Kleden. "PENYIARAN FILM TANPA SENSOR DI PLATFORM NETFLIX." Yudishtira Journal : Indonesian Journal of Finance and Strategy Inside 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53363/yud.v2i1.31.
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The development of technology and information has implications for the broadcasting industry which has changed almost every aspect of human life. Broadcasting which was originally only through conventional media, namely radio frequency spectrum over the air and cable such as television or radio, is now starting to shift to digital broadcasting media using digital platforms which can be accessed via an internet connection. This type of research is normative legal in nature and is conducted in order to address legal issues. Utilizing research methods that incorporate both a statutory and conceptual approach. Netflix broadcasts film content that contains elements of violence and pornography. This of course violates the existing laws and regulations in Indonesia. If KPI oversees broadcast content on the Netflix platform, then this is outside of its duties and authorities and is not in accordance with the concept of broadcasting based on the Broadcasting Law. Good law is dynamic law that develops according to the times and the dynamics of society. The Broadcasting Law must be amended immediately because it is no longer relevant to the current broadcasting technology. In terms of expanding the authority of KPI to supervise broadcast content in digital media, this is outside the duties and authorities of KPI and is not in accordance with the concept of broadcasting based on the Broadcasting Law
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Jacobs, Trent. "Reservoir Software Developer: RTA Had Its Day, Hybrid Modeling Now the Way." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1022-0046-jpt.
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Rate transient analysis (RTA) is defined as the science of analyzing and forecasting production data. But in its application to ultratight reservoirs, it’s also been likened to an art form. There is no unified approach for reservoir engineers to follow in RTA, and as such, its solutions are nonunique. In other words, the accuracy of the analysis lies in the eye of the beholder. Ardent practitioners argue that none of this is a revelation, nor negates the value that RTA can deliver when used by a skilled reservoir engineer. Those closer to the middle of the spectrum will add that RTA is “good enough.” Another camp holds that the analysis method originally designed in the 1970s for forecasting in conventional reservoirs has reached its useful end in unconventional reservoirs. Among those turning the page on RTA, along with more traditional decline curve analysis (DCA), is a startup called Xecta Digital Labs. Founded in 2019 by a team of experienced oil and gas technologists, the firm has proposed a proprietary hybrid model as the way forward. It combines a reduced-physics approach with artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) techniques to issue daily estimates of well deliverability potential—a metric otherwise known as a transient productivity index (PI). Together—the model and the PI output—represent the core of Xecta’s software-as-a-service that was ultimately designed to guide major field development decisions. In framing the importance of using a reduced-physics approach, Sanjay Paranji, cofounder and CEO of Xecta, said, “The idea here is that in shale plays you have thousands of wells, and it’s very hard to routinely come up with a full-physics representation of the reservoir and all of the known calculations for well performance in a succinct and practical manner across all those wells.” But with a reduced-physics model, he explained that it’s possible to run constant simulations while “retaining the fidelity” of the first principles dictating much of reservoir and well behavior. The AI/ML methods add further constraints to improve accuracy along with offering Xecta the compute speed and scale it says is needed to generate recommendations across entire developments. On industry adoption, Xecta reports that its platform has been deployed to varying degrees by a handful of undisclosed US shale producers with major holdings covering thousands of wells in the Permian Basin and Bakken Shale. A key differentiator from existing technologies touted by the software maker is how it normalizes transient PIs for each well based on any significant changes to how they are operated, e.g., an increase in choke size, transitioning from one type of artificial-lift system to another, etc. Adding this context is what Xecta says enables its approach to cut through the noise found within tight-oil production data and surface the key drivers behind improved recovery rates. In terms of other inputs, the bare minimum required by the workflow are rate and surface pressure—data points that are collected daily from virtually all modern horizontal wells. Xecta adds that it employs a largely automated workflow that, once established, runs with zero human interpretation in the loop.
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Krijestorac, Haris, Rajiv Garg, and Vijay Mahajan. "Cross-Platform Spillover Effects in Consumption of Viral Content: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis Using Synthetic Controls." Information Systems Research 31, no. 2 (June 2020): 449–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0897.
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To inform product release and distribution strategies, research has analyzed cross-market spillovers in new product adoption. However, models that examine these effects for digital and viral media are still evolving. Given resistance to advertising, firms often seek to promote their own viral content to boost brand awareness. However, a key shortcoming of virality is its ephemeral nature. To gain insight into sustaining virality, we develop a quasi-experimental approach that estimates the backward spillover onto a focal platform by introducing a piece of content onto a new platform. We posit that introducing content to the audience of a new platform can generate word of mouth, which may affect its consumption within an earlier platform. We estimate these spillovers using data on 381 viral videos on 26 platforms (e.g., YouTube, Vimeo) and observe how consumption of videos on an initial “lead” platform is affected by their subsequent introduction onto “lag” platforms. This spillover is estimated as follows: for each multiplatform video, we compare its view growth after being introduced onto a new platform to that of a synthetic control based on similar single-platform videos. Analysis of 275 such spillover scenarios reveals that introducing a video onto a lag platform roughly doubles its subsequent view growth in the lead platform. This positive cross-platform spillover is persistent, bursty, and strongest in the first 42 days. We find that spillover is boosted when the video is consumed more in the lag platform, when the consumption rate peaks earlier in the lag platform, and when the lag platform targets a foreign market. Our findings suggest that firms can sustain the popularity of their viral content by introducing it onto additional platforms (e.g., Vimeo) after posting it on a focal platform (e.g., YouTube). As a result of their posting on the latter platforms, firms can expect subsequent view growth on the focal platform to roughly double. The aforementioned benefits persists for up to five lag platforms. Platforms should also consider that a positive cross-platform spillover may help platforms reinforce each other’s usage, rather than cannibalize each other.
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Pavlova, Natalia S., Andrey E. Shastitko, and Alexander A. Kurdin. "The calling card of Russian digital antitrust." Russian Journal of Economics 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.6.53904.
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Digital antitrust is at the forefront of all expert discussions and is far from becoming an area of consensus among researchers. Moreover, the prescriptions for developed countries do not fit well the situation in developing countries, and namely in BRICS: where the violator of antitrust laws is based compared to national firms becomes an important factor that links competition and industrial policy. The article uses three recent cases from Russian antitrust policy in the digital sphere to illustrate typical patterns of platform conduct that lead not just to a restriction of competition that needs to be remedied by antitrust measures, but also to noteworthy distribution effects. The cases also illustrate the approach taken by the Russian competition authority to some typical problems that arise in digital markets, e.g. market definition, conduct interpretation, behavioral effects, and remedies. The analysis sheds light on the specifics of Russian antitrust policy in digital markets, as well as their interpretation in the context of competition policy in developing countries and the link between competition and industrial policies.
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Duan, Xiu Sheng, Gan Lin Shan, and Jing Xiao. "Control Precision Test Equipment Design of an Anti-Aircraft Gun Servo System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1286.
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Control precision of the anti-aircraft gun servo system related directly to the artillery firing accuracy, and it is a very important item in performance test of the fire control system. In order to test the control precision of an anti-aircraft gun servo system and correct the firing data, the shaft angle conversion circuit and digital signal interface circuit are designed based on the industrial computer platform and the data acquisition module of PCI bus. In that way, software arithmetic of shaft angle conversion based on the general A/D is realized. In the practical application the arithmetic has a good performance.
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Sapozhnikov, Pavel A., and Sofia N. Lyubyashenko. "Сompetitive Advantages of IT Companies in the Digital Economy." Journal of Modern Competition 16, no. 1 (85) (February 25, 2022): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0657-2022-16-1-55-65.
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The article touches upon topical issues of the development of the Russian segment of the web services market in online environment in the global economic space. The study of the modern market of IT companies seems extremely relevant today. More and more firms need to start working in digital in order to expand business opportunities, optimize ways of interacting with customers, as well as increase competitiveness and economic efficiency indicators. The use of information technologies in business processes is becoming extremely necessary in the conditions of coronavirus restrictions, which increases the demand for IT companies’ services. In this regard, it is important to understand their basic strategies and assess their tendency to monopolize. “Previously, economists assumed that competitive markets for digital services are less prone to monopolization than markets for standard products. Now, monopolization, information asymmetry, and external (network) effects can be observed in digital markets” [1]. The purpose of the study is to identify the type of structure of the Russian segment of the web services market online in the global economic space and to assess the intensity of competition. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the relevant market was identified, its main characteristics and composition of participants were analyzed, the trends of its transformation in the conditions of COVID-19, the choice of criteria for analyzing the structure of the Russian market segment on the Upwork online exchange platform was justified. The results are based on an empirical study of statistical information on Novosibirsk companies operating on the Upwork platform. Such market parameters as a large number of firms, the insignificant height of barriers to entry into the industry, the predominance of non-price competition make it possible to identify it as a market of monopolistic competition. The article identifies the problems of antimonopoly regulation of the market of web services operating on digital platforms, namely: the complexity of their analysis and identification of the «relevant» market, the “blurring” of geographical and product boundaries, growing demand. The factors determining the competitive advantages of firms in the web services market and clients’ package, which, in turn, indirectly influence the choice of strategy, are systematized. The authors attempt to describe the motives of buyers’ behavior in the web services market when remotely selecting sellers in an online environment.
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Braun, Kathrin, Cordula Kropp, and Yana Boeva. "Constructing platform capitalism: inspecting the political techno-economy of Building Information Modelling." Architectural Research Quarterly 26, no. 3 (September 2022): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135913552200046x.
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In this article, we argue that in order to properly assess the potentials, challenges, and implications of the digital transformation in architecture and construction, we need to better understand the political-economic dynamics behind it and examine it in light of the current reorganisation of global capitalism. The focus of this article is therefore on the larger political-economic and techno-economic conditions that are shaping the implementation of digital technologies in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector. Based on document analysis on the digital turn in architecture and construction, along with interviews with AEC professionals, we argue that the logic of platform capitalism is beginning to transform the industry, with Building Information Modelling (BIM) acting as an obligatory passage point and government policies as gate-openers. The article, first, discusses concepts of platform and platform capitalism and indicates how these apply to recent reconfigurations of actor and power relations in the field. Second, it reviews some of the developments in digital architecture from 2D drawings to BIM and beyond. Third, it examines the role of government policies as driving forces in the digital transformation. Forth, it takes a closer look at the case of software producer Autodesk and their BIM product Revit, which illustrates how the logic of platform capitalism has gained traction in architecture and construction. Finally, it concludes that some expectations can be derived from these observations: In the realm of design software, we can expect a further concentration of economic power and a near-monopolistic structure of the market. Moreover, we can expect a shift of focus and investment from architectural design to socio-digital modes of construction and urban planning that benefit primarily real estate owners, investors, developers, and construction companies. Furthermore, we can expect large construction firms to secure themselves a comfortable starting position as early adopters, while SMEs are facing bigger challenges to benefit from the digital transformation. Lastly, we can expect a further encroachment of tech giants and domain outsiders such as Alphabet into architecture and construction, turning buildings and cities into machines for data extraction.
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Hallstedt, Sophie, Ola Isaksson, and Anna Öhrwall Rönnbäck. "The Need for New Product Development Capabilities from Digitalization, Sustainability, and Servitization Trends." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 10222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310222.
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Apparent from the latest pandemic, the dynamics and rate of change in society accelerate on a global scale. Ongoing mega-trends in society, such as digitalization, sustainability, and servitization, fundamentally changes the conditions for manufacturers when developing and providing new products. This study clarifies the combined impact and consequences on product development capabilities in manufacturing firms of the three mega-trends: (i) digitalization, (ii) sustainability, and (iii) servitization. The research is based on a pre-study, complemented with a semi-structured interview study at small, medium-sized, and large Swedish-based manufacturing companies, and a systematic literature review. The research makes evident that the main challenge is to empower engineers and development teams to model, present, evaluate, and develop expected and smart digitalized solutions in a time-limited environment and prioritize the most resource efficient and sustainable solution. Therefore, four complementary support resources are suggested: (i) a knowledge management platform, (ii) a data management platform, (iii) a set of criteria and metrics measuring progression, and (iv) support methods and tools to define, model, and evaluate solutions. When integrated into a digital platform, developers can simultaneously access and process the necessary information needed for sustainable, digitalized, and servitized solutions.
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Azemović, Nedžad. "Business performance management through a prism of software platforms." Ekonomski izazovi 9, no. 18 (2020): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekoizazov2018097a.
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In the information age organizations focus on an integrated business process, as opposed to previously specialized functional skills. Globalisation has erased borders, consequently putting firms on the market with the best companies in the world. Considering the development of performance management and the increasingly complex structure and data amount, doing business without the support of information technology (IT) is simply unthinkable. The new paradigm has been known as the third generation of information technology platforms ("3rd Platform IT"). It is based on "cloud", mobile, social and Big Data technologies. This will enable all important digital transformations, evolutions and expansion of the industry in the following period. The future of organisations depends on the ability to master 3rd Platform IT and use them to their advantage. This paper will present some of the software platforms, which concern the strategic management support system, the budget support system, the performance management support system as well as the performance management support systems for teams and individuals.
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Stehlin, John, Michael Hodson, and Andrew McMeekin. "Platform mobilities and the production of urban space: Toward a typology of platformization trajectories." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 7 (February 14, 2020): 1250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19896801.
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The past decade has seen an explosion in what is popularly known as the “sharing economy,” perhaps most visibly in the realm of transport. Digital “shared mobility” platforms like Uber, Car2Go, and Mobike, as well as emerging, more sophisticated “mobility-as-a-service” platforms which coordinate multiple discrete services into a single portal, have risen to prominence as modes of reworking everyday urban transport in cities of North America, Europe, and East Asia in particular. This paper aims to explore the driving forces and concrete expressions of this platformization of urban mobility, as a particularly diverse and volatile component of a broader platform urbanism. Based on the construction and analysis of a database consisting of 200 urban mobility platforms drawn from across the globe, we highlight five key trajectories of platform formation, focusing on the firms, institutions, and social interests that have fueled the growth of this sector, and the modes of infrastructural organization, spatial formation, and governance that they entail. We further highlight the fragility of this particular form of “spatial fix,” and the prospects for a more redistributive form of platform urbanism. We conclude by reflecting on implications for future research.
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Yadav, Nidhi, and Sonu Goyal. "Regaining partner trust in the food delivery business: case of Zomato." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2021-0341.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to understand and examine the strategies that help platforms fight competition and manage networks; to analyse the role of platform governance in the management of the networks and partners’ trust; and to evaluate the strategic risks of disintermediation and multi-homing firms face while trying to sustain profits and capture value. Case overview/synopsis The case presents the dilemma faced by Deepinder Goyal, the young founder and CEO of Zomato in formulating the growth strategy for its food delivery platform, struggling to retain its market leadership position amid intensifying competition and other challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Zomato has become a public company with an IPO announced in mid of July 2021. Therefore, there is growing expectation for profitability among its shareholders and investors considering tailwinds of COVID-19 crisis, which have given the push towards adoption of food delivery among the customers. This has also resulted in increased competition in the industry. On other hand, there is growing dissatisfaction among its restaurant partners who have been hit hard by COVID-19 and struggling for survival. CEO Deepinder has to find how he will ensure the long-term growth for Zomato to tap the growing food delivery market in India and regain its restaurant partner’s trust. Complexity Academic Level The case is intended for post-graduate courses (MBA, PGDM) on digital business strategy or strategic management of technology-oriented businesses. The case can be used to understand the nature of competition and different strategies for platform-based businesses in the digital world. The case can also be used to study the role governance can play in efficient value creation and capture on the platform by the partner entities. Finally, the case also highlights how are platform businesses are coping with the Covid challenge. There are no specific prerequisites but knowledge on basic strategy concepts and platform business concepts will be good for better understanding. Level of difficulty is medium. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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DoriO. "Earthbnb, from Platform to Planet: How the Interface Transforms Private and Public Space." APRIA Journal 5, no. 5 (December 1, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37198/apria.04.05.a3.
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This short (5.43 min) online video and accompanying research materials (an online collaborative board) situate DoriO's research into the platform-capitalism apparatus of Airbnb. Through a digital collage of screen captures and 3D photogrammetry, the work experiments with the aesthetics of Airbnb, inserting text-based interventions and spoken word into the interface that foreground the 'fails n errors' that the online marketplace propagates. Within this context, concerns about infrastructure are brought to the fore and questions populate the search bars of the website. DoriO began working on 'Earthbnb' during the Covid-19 pandemic. Confined during lockdown, the group each scanned their rooms using a 3D application and joined these together to form an online home of sorts. The film and accompanying materials share the process of conducting collaborative practice-based research during the pandemic.
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Takenaka, Mitsuru, Ziqiang Zhao, Chong Pei Ho, Takumi Fujigaki, Tipat Piyapatarakul, Yuto Miyatake, Rui Tang, Kasidit Toprasertpong, and Shinichi Takagi. "(Digital Presentation) Ge-on-insulator Platform for Mid-infrared Photonic Integrated Circuits." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 32 (October 9, 2022): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02321175mtgabs.
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Since mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths have a great potential for optical communication, sensing, and quantum information, Si-based MIR photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have been developed by leveraging Si photonics technology for near-infrared wavelengths. However, the transparency wavelength window of Si is from 1.2 µm to 8 µm, limiting the available wavelengths in the MIR spectrum. Ge is emerging as a waveguide material to overcome this difficulty because Ge is transparent in the entire MIR spectrum. A Ge-on-Si waveguide is one of the promising platform for a MIR PICs. We have also proposed a Ge-on-insulator (GeOI) platform for MIR integrated photonics [1]. The strong optical confinement in a GeOI waveguide enables an ultracompact MIR PIC. Using wafer bonding and smart-cut, a GeOI wafer was successfully fabricated [2]. As a result, we have demonstrated various Ge passive devices, thermo-optic phase shifters, and modulators on a GeOI platform [3][4]. The propagation loss of a GeOI waveguide is one of the issues. The crystal defects induced by hydrogen implantation for smart-cut generates holes in a Ge film. As a result, evening using an n-type Ge donor wafer for smart-cut, a final Ge layer tends to be p-type. Since free-hole absorption in Ge is significant, the propagation loss of a p-type GeOI becomes large. To suppress hole generation, the optimization of the hydrogen implantation conditions was conducted. We found that the higher the implantation energy was, the deeper the center of the defect position was from a Ge surface [5]. When the implantation energy increases from 80 keV to 160 keV, the defects can be removed from a 300-nm-thick Ge device layer, enabling an n-type GeOI wafer. As a result, a low-loss GeOI waveguide with a propagation loss of 2.3 dB/cm was demonstrated. The monolithic integration of Ge passive waveguides and photodetectors (PDs) is also essential for a MIR PIC. We examined the defect-assist photodetection mechanism in a GeOI waveguide with a lateral PIN junction. When a reverse voltage was applied to the PIN junction, the substantial photocurrent was observed at a wavelength of 2 µm for which Ge is transparent. The defect-assist photodetection is expected to be enhanced due to the large intrinsic carrier density in Ge. As a result, the responsivity of 0.25 A/W was obtained at -5 V. In conclusion, we have developed a GeOI photonics platform for MIR wavelengths. We have achieved a low-loss Ge waveguide, PDs, and optical modulators, the indispensable building blocks for large-scale MIR PICs. The functionality of a GeOI platform can be extended with emerging materials including graphene and phase change materials. This work was partly based on the results from the project JPNP13004, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) and supported by JST-Mirai Program Grant Number JPMJMI20A1, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20H02198, and the Canon Foundation. Reference [1] Z. Zhao, C.-M. Lim, C. Ho, K. Sumita, Y. Miyatake, K. Toprasertpong, S. Takagi, and M. Takenaka, “Low-loss Ge waveguide at the 2-µm band on an n-type Ge-on-insulator wafer,” Opt. Mater. Express, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 4097–4106, 2021. [2] J. Kang, X. Yu, M. Takenaka and S. Takagi, “Impact of thermal annealing on Ge-on-Insulator substrate fabricated by wafer bonding,” Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 259-263, 2016. [3] M. Takenaka et al., “Heterogeneous CMOS Photonics Based on SiGe/Ge and III–V Semiconductors Integrated on Si Platform,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 64–76, May 2017. [4] T. Fujigaki, S. Takagi, and M. Takenaka, “High-efficiency Ge thermo-optic phase shifter on Ge-on-insulator platform,” Opt. Express, vol. 27, no. 5, p. 6451, Mar. 2019. [5] Z. Zhao et al., “Low-loss Ge waveguide at the 2-µm band on an n-type Ge-on-insulator wafer,” Opt. Mater. Express, OME, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 4097–4106, Dec. 2021. [6] Z. Zhao, C.-P. Ho, K. Toprasertpong, S. Takagi, and M. Takenaka, “Monolithic Germanium PIN Waveguide Photodetector Operating at 2 μm Wavelengths,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2020), W4G.3, San Diego, 8–12 March 2020.
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Lee, DonHee, KiJoo Kim, and Jaehoon Whang. "Operational Strategy for Implementing Digital Transformation in the Manufacturing Industry: The Direct to Consumer(D2C) Approach." Korean Production and Operations Management Society 33, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.32956/kopoms.2022.33.2.179.
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The purpose of this study is to review how companies successfully implemented customer- oriented D2C (direct-to-consumer) operations management and analyze the D2C operational characteristics of these firms. Specifically, the study focused on case analysis of three companies that switched their sales approach to D2C and examined the consequences of this change in three areas: customer problem solving, centralization strategy, and purchasing strategy for value creation. First, the study revealed that all three case companies applied the D2C operational management strategy to effectively respond to customer requests. Second, since online platform operations of the firms were similar, a centralization strategy should be pursued with differentiated product composition or service for each company. Third, the three companies should have considered communication with customers through the purchasing process for value creation, which would have been an important strategy. Based on the case analysis, the following are suggested as four critical success factors for D2C operations management: implementation capability of advanced information and communication technology (ICT); data acquisition, analysis and utilization capability; agile response capability; and operations management capability. The results of this study provides strategic insights and basic guidelines required for D2C operations implementation to companies that are preparing or considering the transition to the D2C model.
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Kutsikos, Konstadinos, Nikolaos Konstantopoulos, Damianos Sakas, and Yiannis Verginadis. "Developing and managing digital service ecosystems: a service science viewpoint." Journal of Systems and Information Technology 16, no. 3 (August 5, 2014): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsit-02-2014-0015.
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Purpose – The need for modern enterprises to seamlessly interoperate poses significant challenges on their capabilities for engaging in multiple business networks. This paper considers a particular type of business network, namely, “service ecosystems”, and proposes architecture for enabling business firms to: control dissemination and usage of the resources they contribute to the ecosystem; and develop corresponding service offerings. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review informed our research work and contextualized the development of relevant research questions. The research questions were based on unstructured, creative techniques (e.g. brainstorming), combined with rigorous requirements specification for software tools developed as part of this research. Overall development was based on service science and enterprise interoperability research, distilled in four principles that provided the context and direction for this work. Findings – Three key components of the proposed architecture were developed: service map, which identifies the building blocks needed to construct a service ecosystem; interoperability model, as a decision-making mechanism for dynamic (re-) arrangement of a service map’s building blocks; and shared service infrastructure for the provision of support services to all ecosystem participants. Originality/value – This research has advanced current thinking in developing and managing service ecosystems. By adopting a service science viewpoint (service value co-creation, value-in-use), a holistic approach for building collaboration capabilities is described: at the enterprise level, it pertains to decision-making mechanisms for service provision; at the ecosystem level, it pertains to a software platform for managing common collaboration tasks.
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Wang, Qi, and Wen Ping Mu. "The Research on Fire Fighting System of Industrial and Civil Buildings Based on Network Video." Applied Mechanics and Materials 595 (July 2014): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.595.237.
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With the rapid development of the electronic technology, multimedia technology and network technology, video surveillance system is going to the embedded, digital, networked direction. Taking full advantage of LSI and networks of scientific and technological achievements, the embedded video surveillance system achieves delicate volume, stable performance, facilitates the communication of the surveillance equipment.The project is in arm microprocessor platform, and porting embedded linux system in it. It completes video capturing, compression, transmission and control tasks. The hard devices select the ARM9 (S3C2410) as the main processor in the system; and the USB camera as the device of video capture. In order to reduce the cost of the product, Based on the architecture and with the open source software in linux, the whole embedded video surveillance system is implemented.
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Zazdravnykh, A. "Vertical Restraints in Global Digital Markets." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 5 (2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-5-23-31.
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Vertical restraints applied by major operators of digital markets have become a serious challenge for international regulators and governments of leading world powers in recent years. Having new specific features in comparison with the restraints in force in traditional sales channels, they can lead to a rapid strengthening of the market power of dominant online platforms and to the subsequent monopolization of markets. The article is devoted to the study of business practices of applying various types of vertical restraints in global digital markets. Using the example of global leading companies (Apple Inc., Amazon, Booking.com., Microsoft, etc.), the market consequences of the introduction of exclusive and related contracts, cross-platform parity agreements, as well as a wide range of transaction bans are demonstrated. In particular, suppliers and dealers are significantly limited in their ability to sell competing products and brands and list them on major online marketplaces. Bans are introduced on the use of Internet sites for price aggregation and comparison, as well as certain e-commerce platforms and certain types of payment means. At the same time, there are significant penalties for non-compliance with the terms of vertical contracts. Buyers and users are limited by the possibilities of using software products of independent developers, connecting to competing online services. Technological solutions are being introduced that increase the costs of sharing hardware and software of competing operators. And such solutions are greatly simplified in the conditions of existing “closed” global digital ecosystems. It is shown that the norms of vertical contracts of major market players are able to effectively eliminate the cost advantages of both existing operators and new firms, significantly increasing the entry costs and reducing potential of entering firms to attract the target audience at the start of activity. The most vulnerable here are, first of all, small highly specialized companies using low-budget business models. The author proposes a theoretical model that reveals the mechanism that prevents new firms from achieving the minimum effective sales volume. Using the example of the distributor’s retail price control strategy, it is proved that the use of vertical contracts allows both increasing the profits of existing operators and successfully preventing potential competitors from entering the market. At the same time, it is noted that the use of vertical restraints contributes to solving a number of current business problems of large digital companies: effective protection of investments in the development of e-commerce channels, limiting the turnover of counterfeit products, deepening the differentiation of market supply, reducing the risks of price wars and leveling the actual “stowaway problem”. Therefore, the qualification of vertical restraints as good practices, or as abuses of market power, should be based on an analysis of the objectives of such restraints and a comprehensive assessment of their potential consequences. An important step towards solving this complex and very sensitive problem may be the adoption of the Digital Markets Act by the European Parliament in 2023.
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Geng, Tong, Xiliang Lin, and Harikesh S. Nair. "Online Evaluation of Audiences for Targeted Advertising via Bandit Experiments." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 08 (April 3, 2020): 13273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i08.7036.
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Firms implementing digital advertising campaigns face a complex problem in determining the right match between their advertising creatives and target audiences. Typical solutions to the problem have leveraged non-experimental methods, or used “split-testing” strategies that have not explicitly addressed the complexities induced by targeted audiences that can potentially overlap with one another. This paper presents an adaptive algorithm that addresses the problem via online experimentation. The algorithm is set up as a contextual bandit and addresses the overlap issue by partitioning the target audiences into disjoint, non-overlapping sub-populations. It learns an optimal creative display policy in the disjoint space, while assessing in parallel which creative has the best match in the space of possibly overlapping target audiences. Experiments show that the proposed method is more efficient compared to naive “split-testing” or non-adaptive “A/B/n” testing based methods. We also describe a testing product we built that uses the algorithm. The product is currently deployed on the advertising platform of JD.com, an eCommerce company and a publisher of digital ads in China.
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Song, Donghui, Haomin Liu, Qiuchen Dong, Zichao Bian, Huixiang Wu, and Yu Lei. "Digital, Rapid, Accurate, and Label-Free Enumeration of Viable Microorganisms Enabled by Custom-Built On-Glass-Slide Culturing Device and Microscopic Scanning." Sensors 18, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 3700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113700.
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Accurately measuring the number of viable microorganisms plays an essential role in microbiological studies. Since the conventional agar method of enumerating visible colonies is time-consuming and not accurate, efforts have been made towards overcoming these limitations by counting the invisible micro-colonies. However, none of studies on micro-colony counting was able to save significant time or provide accurate results. Herein, we developed an on-glass-slide cell culture device that enables rapid formation of micro-colonies on a 0.38 mm-thick gel film without suffering from nutrient and oxygen deprivation during bacteria culturing. Employing a phase contrast imaging setup, we achieved rapid microscopic scanning of micro-colonies within a large sample area on the thin film without the need of fluorescent staining. Using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a demonstration, our technique was able to shorten the culturing time to within 5 h and automatically enumerate the micro-colonies from the phase contrast images. Moreover, this method delivered more accurate counts than the conventional visible colony counting methods. Due to these advantages, this imaging-based micro-colony enumeration technique provides a new platform for the quantification of viable microorganisms.
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Havryliuk, O., O. Yakushev, L. Prodanova, O. Yakusheva, and S. Kozlovs`ka. "DIGITAL BANKING AND E-COMMERCEIN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 5, no. 40 (November 8, 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v5i40.244845.
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Abstract. The article considers the growing trends and specifics of digitalization of the banking sector. The main directions of digital transformation and the emergence of new financial market players due to the institutionalization/symbiosis of traditional banks with technology firms are studied. It is noted that this process can have far-reaching and ambiguous consequences and threats, such as moving away from the model of perfect competition and transition to platform-based competition, monopolizing markets by displacing some firms and creating favorable conditions for others, financial and reputational risks for banking structures, which provide payment cards, increase advertising prices, etc. The identified problems of traditional (classical) banks — sluggishness, impossibility of prompt adjustment of strategies, the use of outdated development tools, in particular, the closure of branches and the use of outdated technologies, loss of control over the payment system;the thesis is substantiated according to which the mechanisms of their functioning and management need cardinal corrections and innovations, first of all in approaches to interaction with clients and realization of e-business. Outlined strategies for the operation of new digital banks — the introduction of digital operations with a focus on efficiency, accessibility, transparency and consumer protection, increasing competition with traditional banks with the acquisition of customers of the latter.The consequences and prospects of the arrival of high-tech companies Apple and Google in the banking market are analyzed. Specific examples show the reasons for the bankruptcy of the previously prosperous companies Kodak (USA), Blockbuster (USA). The authors argue that digital banking is gaining a global character and the effective operation of national financial structures requires taking into account the threats and lessons of the onset of high technologies in practice. The features of the development of a digital bank on the European continent and in the United States have been clarified. Keywords: digital banking, digitalization, traditional banks, fintech, cashback, blockchain, smart contracts, cloud technologies. JEL Classification G21, O33, F65 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl: 0; bibl.: 29.