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Hong, Zhang, Shou Sheng Zhang, and Lu Ping Sang. "Research on Application of Distributed Control System in Industrial Process Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.842.
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By combination with the general structure characteristics of the distributed control system and the technical specifications of CAN bus, this paper puts forward, designs a FDCS model control system for sewage treatment based on CAN bus and establishes mathematic model for dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH value in the oxidation ditch. It also designs two self-adaptive algorithms of the model and performs digital simulation of the control algorithms.
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Angerri Feu, O., F. Rousaud, S. Gràcia, E. Emiliani, A. Kanashiro, F. M. Sánchez-Martín, F. Millán, J. Palou, and J. Cuñé. "Entering to 2.0 cystinuric management: Medical digital solution to monitor and control urinary pH." European Urology Supplements 18, no. 7 (October 2019): e2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(19)33084-2.
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Angerri*, Oriol, Ferran Rousaud, Silvia Gràcia, Esteban Emiliani, Andres K. Kanashiro, Francisco Sánchez-Martín, Félix Millán, Joan Palou, and Jordi Cuñé. "MP43-04 MEDICAL DIGITAL SOLUTION TO MONITOR AND CONTROL URINARY PH IN CYSTINURIC PATIENTS." Journal of Urology 203 (April 2020): e648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ju.0000000000000898.04.
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Juliarni, Yossy, and Gunawan Gunawan2. "PENGARUH MENYIKAT GIGI DENGAN SIWAK (Salvadora persica) TERHADAP pH SALIVA." Andalas Dental Journal 4, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v4i1.48.
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Background: Salivary pH is one of factor which involved in caries development. Decreasing of salivary pH will cause enamel demineralization. Miswak (Salvadora persica) as a toothbrush because it has mechanical and chemical effects such as essential oil and bicarbonate which can stimulate salivary secretion. Thus, it will increase the buffer capacity and salivary pH lead to enamel remineralization.
Objective: This study aimed to know the effect of toothbrushing with miswak (Salvadora persica) on salivary pH.
Methods: The clinical experiment study with pre-test and post-test control group design. The sample of this study is the students of Faculty of Dentistry, Andalas University, Padang. There are 34 students that divided into two groups randomly that is case and control group. Case group used miswak while control group used conventional toothbrush, respectively brushing horizontally for 2 minutes. Salivary pH was measured using digital pH meter in scale of 0.0 to 14.0 with 0.1 sensitivity from pen type pH meter. The data analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test continued by paired t-test and Mann-Whitney test.
Results: paired t-test produced significant value p=0,001 in case group and p=0,000 in control group. Mann-Whitney test produced significant value p=0.317. There was no significant difference in statistic among these groups.
Conclusion: Toothbrushing with miswak has effect on salivary pH. Miswak as effective as toothbrush on salivary pH
Keywords:Toothbrushing, miswak (Salvadora persica), Salivar
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Alawiyah, Fadlun, Shanty Chairani, and Danica Anastasia. "Gargling Effect of Zamzam Water on Salivary pH." Insisiva Dental Journal: Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/di.v10i1.10178.
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Caries is a multifactorial infection disease that happened during the decrease of salivary pH caused by acids from bacterial metabolism. Bicarbonate is an important buffer component in saliva that can help neutralize salivary pH. Zamzam water has high bicarbonate content. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gargled with Zamzam water on salivary pH. This experimental research was done with pre-test and post-test control group design involving 40 dentistry students at the University of Sriwijaya aged 18-23 years old, with DMF-T score ≤3. Samples were divided into 2 groups, the Zamzam water group, and thedistilled water group. Samples gargled their mouth with 10 ml of a 25% sucrose solution for one minute, then saliva was collected with spitting method and salivary pH was measured with digital pH meter and recorded as initial pH. Samples then gargledwith 20 ml of Zamzam water or distilled water according to each group for one minute, then saliva was collected in the same way as before, and pH was measured and recorded as final pH. Data were analyzed with paired t-test and Mann-Whitney. The result showed that salivary pH increased significantly after gargled with Zamzam water (p0,05). The mean difference of salivary pH aftergargled with Zamzam water was statistically higher than distilled water (p0,05). In conclusion, Gargled with Zamzam water can increase salivary pH.
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Bajunaid, Salwa O., Bashayer H. Baras, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Michael D. Weir, and Hockin H. K. Xu. "Antibiofilm and Protein-Repellent Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Acrylic Resin for Treatment of Denture Stomatitis." Materials 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051067.
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Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilm is a common etiological factor in denture stomatitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) as a protein repellent into a new high-impact denture acrylic (HIPA) resin on the surface roughness, solution pH, and C. albicans biofilm adhesion to the denture base. The new acrylic denture resin base was formulated by mixing MPC into HIPA resin at mass fractions of 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%. Surface roughness was measured using a Mitutoyo surface roughness tester. C. albicans biofilm growth and viability were assessed via colony forming unit counts. The pH of the biofilm growth medium was measured using a digital pH meter. Adding MPC to the HIPA resin at percentages of 1.5% and 3% increased the roughness values significantly (p < 0.05), while adding 4.5% MPC resulted in no difference in roughness values to that of the control group (p > 0.05). All experimental groups demonstrated neutral pH values (pH ≅ 7) and were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05). Incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine at 4.5% resulted in a significant (≅1 log) colony-forming unit reduction compared with the control group with 0% MPC (p < 0.05). A fungal-retarding denture acrylic resin was developed through the incorporation of MPC for its protein-repelling properties. This newly developed denture acrylic material has the potential to prevent oral microbial infections, such as denture stomatitis.
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Hadi, Awal M., Koen T. B. Mouchaers, Ingrid Schalij, Katrien Grunberg, Gerrit A. Meijer, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf, Willem J. van der Laarse, and Jeroen A. M. Beliën. "Rapid Quantification of Myocardial Fibrosis: A New Macro-Based Automated Analysis." Analytical Cellular Pathology 33, no. 5-6 (2010): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/858356.
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Background: Fibrosis is associated with various cardiac pathologies and dysfunction. Current quantification methods are time-consuming and laborious. We describe a semi-automated quantification technique for myocardial fibrosis and validated this using traditional methods.Methods: Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) was induced in adult Wistar rats by subcutaneous monocrotaline (MCT) injection (40 mg/kg). Cryosections of myocardial tissue (5 μm) of PH rats (n=9) and controls (n=9) were stained using Picrosirius red and scanned with a digital microscopic Mirax slide scanner. From these sections 21 images were taken randomly of each heart. Using ImageJ software a macro for automated image analysis of the amount of fibrosis was developed. For comparison, fibrosis was quantified using traditional polarisation microscopy. Both methods were correlated and validated against stereology as the gold standard. Furthermore, the method was tested in paraffin-embedded human tissues.Results: Automated analysis showed a significant increase of fibrosis in PH hearts vs. control. Automated analysis correlated with traditional polarisation and stereology analysis (r2=0.92 and r2=0.95, respectively). In human heart, lungs, kidney and liver, a similar correlation with stereology (r2=0.91) was observed. Time required for automated analysis was 22 and 33% of the time needed for stereology and polarisation analysis, respectively.Conclusion: Automated quantification of fibrosis is feasible, objective and time-efficient.
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Cardoso, Felipe Cardoso de, Vanessa Sinnott Esteves, Simone Tostes de Oliveira, Camila Serina Lasta, Stella Faria Valle, Rómulo Campos, and Félix Hilario Diaz González. "Hematological, biochemical and ruminant parameters for diagnosis of left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cows from Southern Brazil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 43, no. 1 (January 2008): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2008000100018.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate hematological, biochemical and ruminant parameters for diagnosis and treatment of the left displaced abomasum (LDA) in dairy cows, in the Plateau Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ruminant fluid, blood and urine samples were collected from 20 cows suffering LDA and from 20 healthy cows (control). The cows with LDA showed lower values of daily milk production, body weight and corporal condition score. The use of pH reagent strips showed to be functional in the field, when compared to a digital pH meter. Ruminant dynamics was damaged in cows affected by LDA, as it was evidenced by the higher reduction time of methylene blue. Serum values of lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, urea, albumin, free fatty acids and cholesterol shows to be auxiliary tools in the LDA characterization.
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Baad, Rajendra, Deepak Jain, Debapriya Pradhan, Amit Gulati, Swapnil J. Kolhe, and B. Sunil Rao. "Effect of the Presence of Dental Plaque on Oral Sugar Clearance and Salivary pH: An in vivo Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 6 (2012): 753–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1223.
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ABSTRACT Background Fermentable carbohydrates and microorganisms in the plaque play a significant role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Oral clearance of sugars and salivary pH is affected by the presence of plaque. Aims and objectives This study was conducted to study the effect of the presence of plaque on the salivary clearance of sucrose and on salivary pH. Materials and methods The study design was of a randomized controlled parallel group clinical trial and included two groups: The control group and plaque group, as follows: Control group— subjects without plaque and plaque group—subjects with plaque. Salivary sucrose determination was done by using the anthrone technique. A digital pH meter estimated the salivary pH. The Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare the intergroup differences. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for analysis. Results The salivary sucrose clearance time was increased by presence of plaque. Conclusion The presence of plaque led to increased salivary sucrose concentrations and increased the salivary sucrose clearance time. Clinical significance The dental caries is the dynamic relationship among the dental plaque microbiota, dietary carbohydrates, saliva and cariogenic potential of the dental plaque. Caries occur preferentially in the dentition sites characterized by high exposure to carbohydrate and diminished salivary effect. How to cite this article Pradhan D, Jain D, Gulati A, Kolhe SJ, Baad R, Rao BS. Effect of the Presence of Dental Plaque on Oral Sugar Clearance and Salivary pH: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):753-755.
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Dantas, Raquel Venâncio Fernandes, Marcus Cristian Muniz Conde, Hugo Ramalho Sarmento, Cesar Henrique Zanchi, Sandra Beatriz Chaves Tarquinio, Fabrício Aulo Ogliari, and Flávio Fernando Demarco. "Novel experimental cements for use on the dentin-pulp complex." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 4 (2012): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000400006.
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This aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and biological properties of novel experimental cements (Hybrid, Paste and Resin) based on synergistic combinations of existing materials, including pH, diametral tensile strength (DTS) and cytotoxicity comparing them with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA - Angelus®) and a glass ionomer cement (GIC) developed at our laboratory. For the physicochemical and biological tests, specimens with standard dimensions were produced. pH measurements were performed with digital pH meter at the following time intervals: 3, 24, 48 and 72 h. For the DTS test, cylindrical specimens were subjected to compressive load until fracture. The MTT assay was performed for cytotoxicity evaluation. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Paste group showed pH values similar to MTA, and Hybrid group presented pH values similar to GIC (p>0.05). The tested materials showed pH values ranging from alkaline to near neutrality at the evaluated times. MTA and GIC showed similar DTS values. The lowest and highest DTS values were seen in the Paste and Resin groups, respectively (p<0.05). Cell viability for MTA and experimental Hybrid, Paste and Resin groups was 49%, 93%, 90% and 86%, respectively, when compared with the control group. The photo-cured experimental resin cement showed similar or superior performance compared with the current commercial or other tested experimental materials.
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Yang, Yong, Min Kang, Xiu Qing Fu, and Ying Wang. "The Develop of Automatic Jet Electroplating Machining Gear Tool." Key Engineering Materials 568 (July 2013): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.568.151.
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In order to solve the problem of automation electric plating gear surface, the numerical control electric plating machining tool was developed based on open numerical control system. The relative movement and velocity of anode nozzle was controlled by the motion control model. The selection of working solution and the continuous feeding liquid were achieved by use of the digital I/O module. The technological parameters, such as working current, the temperature of plating solution, PH value, and so on, were collected by the module of analog quantity acquisition and stored in the computer. Based on the preliminary experiments, the machine tool was reliable higher and the distribution of plating thickness on the tooth profile surface was uniform. The automatic electric plating technology was realized on the tooth profile surface.
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Mikkili, S., and A. K. Panda. "Simulation and RTDS Hardware Implementation of SHAF for Mitigation of Current Harmonics with p-q and Id-Iq Control Strategies Using PI Controller." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 1, no. 3 (June 17, 2011): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.26.
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Control strategies for extracting the three-phase reference currents for shunt active power filters are compared, evaluating their performance under different source conditions in MATLAB/Simulink environment and also with Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) Hardware. When the supply voltages are balanced and sinusoidal, the two control strategies are converging to the same compensation characteristics but when the supply voltages are distorted and/or un-balanced sinusoidal, these control strategies result in different degrees of compensation in harmonics. The p-q control strategy is unable to yield an adequate solution when source voltages are not ideal. Extensive Simulations are carried out with PI controller for both p-q and Id-Iq control strategies for different voltage conditions and adequate results were presented. The 3-ph 4-wire SHAF system is also implemented on RTDS Hardware to further verify its effectiveness. The detailed simulation and RTDS Hardware results are included.
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Kumar, Vineet, K. Mohana Prasad, R. Sabitha, and K. Ashokkumar. "Smart System for Monitoring Daily Medication Using Swallowable Digital Pill." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 4907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9208.
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Digital pill is a multichannel sensor that is utilized for wireless biomedical estimations utilizing small scale innovation. This is utilized for the constant estimation parameters, for example, temperature, pH, conductivity and broke up oxygen. The sensors are created utilizing electron shaft and photolithographic design mix. Hardware and smaller than expected mechanical innovation can give get to, break down and control the body from within. Specifically, smart pills for sedate conveyance are a developing innovation; a wide range of ways to deal with nearby medication conveyance have been proposed, including transcutaneous and implantable methods. In any case, swallow capable smart pills for tranquilize conveyance are getting expanding consideration as the oral one is as yet the favored course for sedate organization, because of its high patient acknowledgment and minimal effort. Smart pills for tranquilize conveyance offer various noteworthy open doors for pharmaceutical ventures since they might high patient acknowledgment and minimal effort. Smart pills for tranquilize conveyance offer various critical open doors for pharmaceutical ventures since they might be utilized in a wide scope of uses and empower treatments impractical with traditional methods. The progressions happen in human bodies are observed and sent it to close by screen for specialist checking through wireless.
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Martin-Orozco, Natalia, Nicolas Touret, Michael L. Zaharik, Edwin Park, Raoul Kopelman, Samuel Miller, B. Brett Finlay, Philippe Gros, and Sergio Grinstein. "Visualization of Vacuolar Acidification-induced Transcription of Genes of Pathogens inside Macrophages." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 1 (January 2006): 498–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-12-1096.
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The objective of these studies was to analyze the role of the ionic environment of phagosomal vacuoles in the control of pathogens by macrophages. Digital imaging and flow cytometry were used to follow the induction of the phoP promoter of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium within live macrophages. Manipulating the Mg2+concentration within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) was without effect on the early induction of PhoPQ. Moreover, direct measurement of [Mg2+] within the SCV using nanosensor particles showed that, during this initial period of phoP activation, the concentration of the divalent cation is rapidly regulated and stabilizes around 1 mm. Extrusion of other divalent cations via the Nramp1 efflux pump was similarly ruled out as an important contributor to the activation of the regulon. By contrast, induction of PhoP was greatly attenuated when the pH gradient across the SCV membrane was dissipated. A second, more modest pH-independent component of PhoP induction was unmasked by inhibition of the vacuolar proton pump. This second component was eliminated by pretreatment of cells with IFNγ, even though the cytokine augmented the overall PhoP response. These findings demonstrate the existence of at least three separate activators of phoP transcription: resting and IFNγ-stimulated pH-sensitive components, plus a pH-independent component.
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Kasraei, Shahin, Abbas Shokri, Jalal Poorolajal, Samira Khajeh, and Hamid Rahmani. "Comparison of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Intraoral Radiography in Detection of Recurrent Caries under Composite Restorations." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 1 (February 2017): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201701248.
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Abstract Secondary caries is the most common cause of dental restoration failures. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional and digital intraoral radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detection of recurrent caries around composite restorations. mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities were prepared using bur on 45 extracted sound human molar teeth. The teeth were divided into 3 groups. In the control group, cavities were restored with composite resin after etching and bonding (n=15). In Group 2, 500-μm thick wax was placed over the buccal, lingual and gingival walls and the cavities were restored with composite resin. Group 3 specimens were subjected to pH cycling and artificial caries were created on the buccal, lingual and gingival walls. The cavities were restored with composite. Conventional and digital photo-stimulable phosphor (PSP; Optime) radiographs and two CBCTs images (NewTom 3G and Cranex 3D) were obtained from them. Presence or absence of caries in the cavity walls was assessed on these images. Data were analyzed using Kappa statistic. The diagnostic accuracy of CBCT was significantly higher than that of digital and conventional intraoral radiography (p<0.05). The accuracy was 0.83, 0.78, 0.55 and 0.49 for CBCT Cranex 3D, CBCT NewTom 3G, conventional and digital intraoral radiography, respectively. CBCT has a higher diagnostic accuracy than digital and conventional intraoral radiography for detection of secondary caries around composite restorations.
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Coccaro, Nicoletta, Antonella Zagaria, Luisa Anelli, Giuseppina Tota, Paola Orsini, Claudia Brunetti, Luciana Impera, et al. "Droplet Digital PCR Analysis for Diagnosis and Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Adult Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4989.4989.
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Abstract Introduction. BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are considered an important component of treatment for adult patients affected by Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In fact, recent studies reported that treating Ph+ ALL with the combination of imatinib and multi-agent chemotherapy improved the overall outcome. Currently, no data are available on the impact of TKIs on minimal residual disease (MRD) in Ph+ ALL. In fact, although the real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) method, usually employed for monitoring the BCR-ABL1 residual transcript, is sensitive and easy to perform, it lacks a full standardization and international quality validation. Here, we describe a highly sensitive and reproducible droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) test to monitor BCR-ABL1 transcript level in Ph+ ALL. Methods. BCR-ABL1 expression analysis by ddPCR was performed in twenty-two newly diagnosed adult Ph+ ALL patients.The diagnosis was confirmed by qualitative RT-PCR specific for the BCR-ABL1 p190 fusion gene detection. ddPCR experiments were successfully performed in all twenty-two patients at the onset; several follow-up points were evaluated in thirteen patients. ddPCR experiments were performed using primers and probes specific for BCR-ABL1 p190. GUSB was used as control gene. Fifty ng and 750 ng of cDNA templates were used for the onset and for the post-treatment samples, respectively. To increase the limit of detection (LOD), three replicates were run for the post-treatment samples. ddPCR experiments were performed by Bio-Rad's QX200 system and ddPCR data were analyzed with QuantaSoft analysis software (version 1.7.4). Target concentration was expressed as BCR-ABL1 copies/mg. Results. First, we defined the LOD of the BCR-ABL1 p190 ddPCR system, a 10-fold dilution series (100, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5) of a pool of p190 positive patients using a diluent-pool of healthy volunteers. This analysis showed remarkable linearity, trueness, and precision down to 10-5. After converting to log-log scale, linear regression showed no concentration-dependent bias, and R2 equaled 0.996. Because the negative samples showed no background, even the detection of a single droplet per well was considered a positive result. The median concentration of the BCR-ABL1 transcript at the onset was 233.8 (min 3.24 - max 1744) x 103BCR-ABL1 copies/mg. Concerning the analysis of follow-up samples, among the thirty-four points that were negative to qualitative nested RT-PCR, twenty-three (68%) resulted to be positive by ddPCR analysis, with a median concentration of 44.95 (min 0.27 - max 573.3) BCR-ABL1 copies/mg. Follow-up points that were negative in ddPCR remained negative even when the experiments were repeated increasing the depth of the analysis, evaluating a total quantity of 4.5 mg of RNA. Conclusions. This study indicates that, as compared to RQ-PCR, ddPCR increases the depth of the quantitative analysis of BCR-ABL1 p190 fusion transcript by allowing the evaluation of larger amounts of RNA. Moreover, our preliminary data revealed that the amount of the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript at diagnosis is heterogeneous and that the ddPCR is much more sensitive than nested qualitative RT-PCR analysis, as the 68% of samples negative to nested PCR during the follow-up resulted to be positive by ddPCR. Therefore, we suggest that ddPCR represents a precise, sensitive and rapid method for both diagnosis and MRD monitoring of Ph+ ALL patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Xu, Hong, and Yong Jun Zhang. "Aquiculture Remote Monitoring System Based on Android Platform." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.956.
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With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the application of the Internet and of technology in Intelligent Agriculture has become more and more widespread. In this paper, a kind of aquaculture remote monitoring system based on the Internet Android platform is introduced. Using the system with many sensor nodes, information (such as pH value, temperature, water level, dissolved oxygen and other environmental parameters) can be collected remotely by many kinds of sensors (such as a pH sensor, temperature sensor, water level sensor, and dissolved oxygen sensor), and then the analog data collected can be transformed to be digital data. The digital data can be sent to an Android mobile system by socket communication. In the Android mobile control interface the data received from pound can be exported into a SQLite database, and the data in the SQLite database can be exported into a SD card and stored in the format of TXT. The filename stored is formed with the information from the time when the TXT file is saved (such as year-month-data-hour-minute-second) in order to avoid the problem of having the file overwritten by a file with the same name file. Therefore, the user needs not designate the name of the saving TXT file. To the Android application, many control nodes can be controlled remotely. The system adopts CC2430 as the underlying management chip. Temperature measurement accuracy of the system can reach 0.5°C. In addition, pH measurement accuracy of the system can reach 0.3. A good control algorithm can achieve good control precision. In our system, in order to obtain more control precision, an intelligent fuzzy PID control algorithm is applied in the remote MCU control system. Dissolved oxygen is a very important parameter in aquiculture. In the system dissolved oxygen control precision can be controlled within ±0.3 mg/L. Moreover, the SOKCET communication is designed in an independent thread to the system. Thus, the reaction of the control system is very sensitive. The function of the system is not limited by time, regional, and climate conditions. The interface of the application is designed in the Android Mobile phone, so the user can handle the application flexibly and conveniently, and the user can browse data from the mobile phone, send remote control commands, and control the bottom water, pump water supply pump, and aerator in any location with an Internet connection. The IP address is exported into a SQLite database, so the IP data can be obtained automatically from the database by the system after the application is started, and it does not need input from the user repeatedly. Many mobile phone clients of the system can share a single server. Thus, the system has a very high price-performance ratio. After practical testing of the system, it has the advantages of simple operation, fully able to meet the need of aquaculture. c.
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Gerber, Carri, Laura Deeter, Kelsey Hylton, and Bryce Stilwill. "Preliminary Study of Sodium Chloride Tolerance of Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa ‘Goldsturm’, Heuchera americana ‘Dale's Variety’ and Aquilegia × cultorum ‘Crimson Star’ Grown in Greenhouse Conditions." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-29.4.223.
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Abstract Heuchera americana ‘Dale's Variety’, Aquilegia × cultorum ‘Crimson Star’ and Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa ‘Goldsturm’ were grown in a soilless medium and watered weekly with either 0.00 (control), 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 M NaCl solutions for 6 weeks. Foliage and leachate were analyzed for pH, Na+ and Cl−, and digital images were taken of all plants. Sodium and chloride concentrations in the leachate increased over time, while pH values remained unchanged. Aquilegia and Rudbeckia took up both Na+ and Cl−in increasing amounts over time. Heuchera took up large quantities of Cl−initially, but lesser amounts over time, and minimal Na+ into the foliage until the last week. At the highest treatment levels of NaCl, all plants showed significant visual damage. Aquilegia was the first to show visual damage at 0.05 M NaCl. Heuchera was intermediate in terms of symptom development. Based on the results of this study, Rudbeckia and Heuchera are listed as salt tolerant, and Aquilegia is listed as salt intolerant.
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Tavares, Nicolas C., Antônio A. Barbosa, Rogério F. Bermudes, Sandra M. E. F. Rechsteiner, Luis A. X. Cruz, Fabio Raphael P. Bruhn, Paula M. Silva, and Charles F. Martins. "Impact of high-energy diets on the rumen environment and digital cushion in confined cattle." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 12 (December 2019): 970–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6230.
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify gross and microscopic changes, caused by high-energy diets, in the rumen environment and hoof of confined beef cattle. The study sample comprised 40 confined heifers (Bos taurus) with no disease history divided into four experimental groups using different diets: Group 1 (D1, control), 48:52 forage:concentrate ratio; Group 2 (D2), 30:70 forage:concentrate ratio; Group 3 (D3), 30:70 forage:concentrate ratio + sucrose; Group 4 (D4), 100% concentrate. All animals underwent clinical examination, assessment of ruminal fluid pH and lameness, and sample collection after slaughter for histopathology of the hoof laminae and digital cushion and ruminal tissue. All dependent variables of the study were compared using the SPSS 20.0 statistical software. The variables that did not show normality (HR, RM, ST, and CRT) were compared with application of the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunnet’s multiple comparison test. All other variables were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. The different diets had an impact on the rumen environment (p<0.05) of the heifers assessed, with momentary general depression in the first 12 h after sucrose induction (D3), as well as mild clinical signs in D4. The animals in D3 and D4 presented lower motility (p<0.05) and ruminal pH (p<0.01) than those in D1. Of the 40 heifers, 27.5% (n=11) showed gross lesions in the epithelium of ruminal pillars, whereas 22.5% (n=9) of those in D3 and D4 presented these lesions. Sole corium thickness varied between heifers in D3 compared with those in D1 and D2 (p<0.05). Therefore, high-energy diets, as used in this study, alter some clinical parameters and the rumen environment, causing lesions in the rumen mucosa, and of lesser intensity, in the hoof corium and laminae, suggestive of laminitis.
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Calente, Thander Jacson Nunes, Grazieli Nunes Calente Santos, and Wesclen Vilar Nogueira. "Physical-chemical and microbiological quality of water used for public supply in the municipality of Alvorada D’Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 29, 2021): e198101119357. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19357.
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The study analyzed the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters carried out by the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (AWSS) of the Municipality of Alvorada D’Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil. The parameters analyzed were: pH, turbidity, free residual chlorine, total coliforms (TC), thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) and heterotrophic bacteria. The values of hydrogen potential (pH) were obtained with a digital pH meter. The analyzes were carried out the 2013 to 2019. The turbidity and free residual chlorine values were obtained according to the method of the Practical Manual of Water Analysis of the National Health Foundation (FUNASA). To determine the microbiological parameters, PetrifilmTM plates (3MTM do Brasil Ltda) were used, following the manufacturer's guidelines. The analyzed values were compared with reference values described in Consolidation Ordinance nº. 5, of September 28, 2017, of the Ministry of Health (MS) which sets the standards for potability of water intended for human consumption. The results varied for all parameters evaluated: pH (3.11 to 8.24), turbidez (0.02 to 3,01), TC (0 to 100%), TTC (0 to 100%) and heterotrophic bacteria (85 to 100%). The values obtained for free residual chlorine were the only parameter to follow the reference values. The highest contamination for TC and heterotrophic bacteria were reported in 2019, higher the limits established in Brazilian legislation. Thus, the water was characterized as unfit for consumption and requires severe control for TC and heterotrophic bacteria.
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Oliynyk, A. G. "Results of clinical and additional examination methods in the treatment of localized periodontitis." Acta Medica Leopoliensia 27, no. 1-2 (June 2021): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/aml2021.01-02.046.
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Aim. The study aims at enhancing the therapeutic effect and reducing the duration of treatment by using a solution of titanium dioxide in ozonated distilled water for antiseptic treatment of periodontal tissues. Material and Methods. Treatment results of local inflammatory changes of periodontal tissues in 128 patients (73 female, 55 male aged 21-65 years) were analyzed and classified by the severity of periodontal disease as: gingivitis, primary and moderate periodontitis. Schemes of medical actions differed in pharmacotherapy. In order to ascertain the most effective approach, the results of conventional and developed treatment complexes were compared. Results and Discussion. Digital indicators of the periodontal tissues condition following treatment presented common positive dynamic in all patients. However, significantly better results were obtained by using the developed method. According to the dynamics of bleeding index values, the proposed treatment regimens allow achieving more effective control over the inflammatory process. Digital indicators of hygiene showed that a better effect was reached after the suggested method - the dynamics of reducing the depth of periodontal pockets demonstrated clearer and statistically better results. Changes in the pH of the gingival fluid in a severe inflammatory condition indicated a considerable improvement after using the suggested treating method. X-ray data demonstrated the stability of digital values in the observation groups before and after treatment, which was interpreted as a sufficient control of destructive processes. Conclusion. Mathematical analysis of the presented data demonstrates the benefits of the developed method for the treatment of periodontal diseases, especially in non-surgical treatment regimens. The performed research confirms greater effectiveness of the therapeutic method in initial lesions, and thus it proves the efficiency of complex control for preventive purposes
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De Paula, DM, AD Loguercio, A. Reis, S. Sauro, AH Alves, PR Picanço, K. Yoshihara, and VP Feitosa. "Lack of Neutralization of 10-MDP Primers by Zirconia May Affect the Degree of Conversion of Dual-cure Resin Cement." Operative Dentistry 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-189-l.
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Clinical Relevance Use of zirconia primers with a low pH and a high acidic monomer concentration should be employed in combination with dual-cure resin cements that are less sensitive to an acidic environment. Primers with lower 10-MDP concentrations attain better outcomes. SUMMARY Objective: To assess the effects of different concentrations of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) included in experimental ceramic primers on the degree of conversion (DC) and microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a dual-cure resin cement, and on the acidity neutralization potential of zirconia (ZrO2) in comparison to hydroxyapatite (HAp). Methods: Experimental ceramic primers were formulated using 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, or 40 wt% 10-MDP as an acidic functional monomer and camphorquinone (CQ)/amine or 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione (PPD) as a photoinitiator system. Clearfil Ceramic Primer (Kuraray Dental, Tokyo, Japan) was used as the commercial control. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to assess the DC of uncured and light-cured resin cements applied onto primer-treated ZrO2 surfaces. The μSBS and pH of primers were assayed in a universal testing machine and by a digital pH meter (Tec-3MP; Tecnal, Piracicaba, Brazil), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (p<0.05). Results: DC was not affected until a concentration of 10% 10-MDP in CQ primer and 5% 10-MDP in PPD primer was reached, when compared with the positive control (p>0.05). Groups 10-MDP 5% in CQ and PPD primers showed the highest μSBS compared with the positive control (p>0.05); however, higher concentrations of 10-MDP induced significant DC and μSBS reduction (p<0.05). HAp neutralized 10-MDP primers, but ZrO2 provided higher acidity to the primers’ pH. Conclusion: 10-MDP monomer should be used in low concentrations in ZrO2 primers to avoid reduction of the polymerization and bond strength of resin cement.
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Petrovic, Snezana, Zhaohui Wang, Liyun Ma, and Manoocher Soleimani. "Regulation of the apical Cl−/HCO 3 − exchanger pendrin in rat cortical collecting duct in metabolic acidosis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 284, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): F103—F112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00205.2002.
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Pendrin is an apical Cl−/OH−/HCO[Formula: see text] exchanger in β-intercalated cells (β-ICs) of rat and mouse cortical collecting duct (CCD). However, little is known about its regulation in acid-base disorders. Here, we examined the regulation of pendrin in metabolic acidosis, a condition known to decrease HCO[Formula: see text]secretion in CCD. Rats were subjected to NH4Cl loading for 4 days, which resulted in metabolic acidosis. Apical Cl−/HCO[Formula: see text] exchanger activity in β-ICs was determined as amplitude and rate of intracellular pH change when Cl was removed in isolated, microperfused CCDs. Intracellular pH was measured by single-cell digital ratiometric imaging using fluorescent pH-sensitive dye 2′,7′-bis-(3-carboxypropyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein-AM. Pendrin mRNA expression in kidney cortex was examined by Northern blot hybridizations. Expression of pendrin protein was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. Microperfused CCDs isolated from acidotic rats demonstrated ∼60% reduction in apical Cl−/HCO[Formula: see text] exchanger activity in β-ICs ( P < 0.001 vs. control). Northern blot hybridizations indicated that the mRNA expression of pendrin in kidney cortex decreased by 68% in acidotic animals ( P < 0.02 vs. control). Immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated significant reduction in pendrin expression in CCDs of acidotic rats. We conclude that metabolic acidosis decreases the activity of the apical Cl−/HCO[Formula: see text] exchanger in β-ICs of the rat CCD by reducing the expression of pendrin. Adaptive downregulation of pendrin in metabolic acidosis indicates the important role of this exchanger in acid-base regulation in the CCD.
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Nduka, J. K. C., O. E. Orisakwe, L. O. Ezenweke, T. E. Ezenwa, M. N. Chendo, and N. G. Ezeabasili. "Acid Rain Phenomenon in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Economic, Biodiversity, and Public Health Concern." Scientific World JOURNAL 8 (2008): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2008.47.
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Rain samples were collected from Warri and Port Harcourt, two major oil-producing cities of Nigeria in April-June, July-August, and September-October 2005 and 2006. Awka, a “non-oil” city was used as control. Samples were collected from three points, using clean plastic basins fastened to a table, 2 m above ground level and 115 m away from tall buildings and trees. Water samples were filtered and acidity determined using digital pHmeter. The results show that the rain samples were acidic. The pH values for the 2 years under study show that the rainfall in Warri was more acidic than that of Port Harcourt. Oil exploration and other anthropogenic sources may be responsible for the acid rain in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
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Barbosa, Verônica Santos, Rodrigo Moraes Loyo, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e. Guimarães, and Constança Simões Barbosa. "The Geographic Information System applied to study schistosomiasis in Pernambuco." Revista de Saúde Pública 51 (November 27, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051000069.
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OBJECTIVE: Diagnose risk environments for schistosomiasis in coastal localities of Pernambuco using geoprocessing techniques. METHODS: A coproscopic and malacological survey were carried out in the Forte Orange and Serrambi areas. Environmental variables (temperature, salinity, pH, total dissolved solids and water fecal coliform dosage) were collected from Biomphalaria breeding sites or foci. The spatial analysis was performed using ArcGis 10.1 software, applying the kernel estimator, elevation map, and distance map. RESULTS: In Forte Orange, 4.3% of the population had S. mansoni and were found two B. glabrata and 26 B. straminea breeding sites. The breeding sites had temperatures of 25ºC to 41ºC, pH of 6.9 to 11.1, total dissolved solids between 148 and 661, and salinity of 1,000 d. In Serrambi, 4.4% of the population had S. mansoni and were found seven B. straminea and seven B. glabrata breeding sites. Breeding sites had temperatures of 24ºC to 36ºC, pH of 7.1 to 9.8, total dissolved solids between 116 and 855, and salinity of 1,000 d. The kernel estimator shows the clusters of positive patients and foci of Biomphalaria, and the digital elevation map indicates areas of rainwater concentration. The distance map shows the proximity of the snail foci with schools and health facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Geoprocessing techniques prove to be a competent tool for locating and scaling the risk areas for schistosomiasis, and can subsidize the health services control actions.
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Afrin, Rafat, Sangeet Sangeet, and Surendra Tripathy. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINATION THERAPY OF PANTOPRAZOLE WITH PREGABALIN AGAINST SURGICAL ESOPHAGITIS." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 15, 2018): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1951.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pantoprazole and pregabalin on experimental esophagitis in albino rats. The groups of rats fasted for 24 hours and were subjected to pylorus and forestomach ligation. Rats of different groups received normal saline (3 ml/kg, po; sham control), pantoprazole (30 mg/kg, po), pregabalin (30 mg/kg, po) and their combinations along with a parallel toxic control group. Animals were sacrificed after 8 h and evaluated for the gastric pH, total acidity, free acidity and esophagitis index. The morphological changes were scrutinized by digital microscopy. The beneficial effect of pantoprazole and pregabalin against GERD could be attributed to the anti-secretory action of pantoprazole and reduction in the tracheal lower esophageal sphincter release rate by pregabalin. Combination therapy of gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative promotes proton pump inhibitor based healing of reflux esophagitis in animal model.
Keywords: Esophagitis, Pantoprazole, Pregabalin, Pylorus ligation, Gamma-aminobutyric acid.
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Sørensen, R., U. Zinko, and J. Seibert. "On the calculation of the topographic wetness index: evaluation of different methods based on field observations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2006): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-101-2006.
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Abstract. The topographic wetness index (TWI, ln(a/tanβ)), which combines local upslope contributing area and slope, is commonly used to quantify topographic control on hydrological processes. Methods of computing this index differ primarily in the way the upslope contributing area is calculated. In this study we compared a number of calculation methods for TWI and evaluated them in terms of their correlation with the following measured variables: vascular plant species richness, soil pH, groundwater level, soil moisture, and a constructed wetness degree. The TWI was calculated by varying six parameters affecting the distribution of accumulated area among downslope cells and by varying the way the slope was calculated. All possible combinations of these parameters were calculated for two separate boreal forest sites in northern Sweden. We did not find a calculation method that performed best for all measured variables; rather the best methods seemed to be variable and site specific. However, we were able to identify some general characteristics of the best methods for different groups of measured variables. The results provide guiding principles for choosing the best method for estimating species richness, soil pH, groundwater level, and soil moisture by the TWI derived from digital elevation models.
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Sørensen, R., U. Zinko, and J. Seibert. "On the calculation of the topographic wetness index: evaluation of different methods based on field observations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 4 (August 31, 2005): 1807–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-2-1807-2005.
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Abstract. The topographic wetness index (TWI, ln(a/tanβ)), which combines local upslope contributing area and slope, is commonly used to quantify topographic control on hydrological processes. Methods of computing this index differ primarily in the way the upslope contributing area is calculated. In this study we compared a number of calculation methods for TWI and evaluated them in terms of their correlation with the following measured variables: vascular plant species richness, soil pH, groundwater level, soil moisture, and a constructed wetness degree. The TWI was calculated by varying six parameters affecting the distribution of accumulated area among downslope cells and by varying the way the slope was calculated. All possible combinations of these parameters were calculated for two separate boreal forest sites in northern Sweden. We did not find a calculation method that performed best for all measured variables, but we were able to identify the general characteristics of the best methods for different groups of measured variables. The results provide guidelines for choosing the best method for estimating species richness, soil pH, groundwater level, and soil moisture by the TWI derived from digital elevation models.
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Monzón, Javier, Miguel Acuña, and Fernando Cuzziol. "El Ph salival como indicador de alteraciones en los tejidos periodontales." Revista de la Facultad de Odontología 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/rfo.811625.
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<p>Introducción: Considerando que importantes estudios epidemiológicos demuestran la alta prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal crece el interés por conocer las primeras evidencias de ésta patología y determinar los factores de riesgo que inciden en su desarrollo. Como los medios de diagnóstico usuales para ésta enfermedad no logran aún predecir la destrucción periodontal en cada individuo sería importante su detección clínica en los estados iniciales de la lesión a través de un indicador de fácil acceso y lectura que permita conocer precozmente zonas afectadas o de riesgo inminente para implementar tratamientos específicos o estrategias de prevención. Conociendo la estrecha relación e influencia de la saliva en la formación de la placa bacteriana, así como su importancia en la homeostasis de la cavidad bucal, es posible que el estudio detallado de éste fluido orgánico, a través de uno de sus valores como es el Ph, pueda agregar información significativa a los conocimientos buscados. Estas consideraciones constituyeron la base para realizar el presente estudio a fin de comprobar la existencia de variaciones en los valores del Ph salival normal cuando aparecen los primeros cambios clínicos que caracterizan a la enfermedad periodontal. Objetivo general: Identificar características bucales relacionadas con cambios de valores normales del Ph salival en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología. Objetivo específico: Evaluar la posible asociación entre cambios de valores normales del Ph salival con signos y síntomas de enfermedad periodontal incipiente. Población y muestra: Fueron seleccionados 60 pacientes con distintos grados de alteración periodontal y 30 pacientes con periodonto sanos como grupo control. De acuerdo al diagnóstico clínico y estudio radiográfico de los 60 pacientes enfermos, algunos presentaron cuadros incipientes de lesión (Pérdida de inserción menor o igual a 5 mm), otros pacientes correspondieron al grado avanzado o establecido de enfermedad (Pérdida de inserción mayor o igual a 6mm). Las muestras fueron hechas en la misma franja horaria a todos los pacientes, quienes debieron salivar durante 5` sin estimulación previa en colectores estériles. Los colectores, sellados, rotulados y crio conservados fueron enviados en cada ocasión al laboratorio de Físico-Química de la Facultad, allí se analizaron con instrumental digital para medición de Ph marca Altronix, modelo TPA III. Resultados: El grupo control dio un promedio de Ph de 6,9. Los pacientes con cuadros periodontales activos presentaron valores de Ph: entre 7 y 9. Discusión: Se observó que con el aumento del grado de severidad de la lesión los niveles de Ph se alcalinizaron. En pacientes con lesión incipiente los valores estuvieron entre 7,8 a 7,9. Conclusiones: El Ph salival presentó en enfermos periodontales aumento de alcalinidad respecto de pacientes con salud periodontal, notándose además de esos valores en relación al progreso de la gravedad y extensión de las lesiones. De acuerdo a éste estudio es posible pensar que la medición del Ph represente un recurso diagnóstico de sumo interés para su desarrollo.</p><p> </p>
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Johnbosco, Dr Umunnakwe, Dr Aharanwa Bibiana.C, and Surv Njoku Richard.E. "IMPACT OF USED MOTOR OIL ON THE SOIL QUALITIES OF ORJI MECHANIC VILLAGE OWERRI, NIGERIA." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i2.2020.524.
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The study investigated the effects of used motor oil on soil physical and chemical variables and their particle size distribution. Two (2) replicate soil samples were collected from three radial coordinates 50 31.114N 70 02.703E, 50 31.165 N 70 2.670E and 5023.35N 6059.176E respectively from the auto-mechanic village and agricultural land which serves as control; at depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm. Standard methods were adopted both for field and laboratory analysis, utilizing such instruments as Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (model FS 240 Varian), Jewniary, digital pH meter, Refractometer (model E- Line R.ATC- ), lovibond instrument model Cm-21 and mercury-in-built thermometer. Twenty three (23) different soils parameters were analyzed comprising total organic carbon, heavy metals, soil texture and particle size (clay, sand and silt) organic carbon, exchangeable cations (Na, Ca and Mg), conductivity, salinity, nutrients (N, P, K), bulk density and organic matter. The result indicated a variation at the mechanic site and control point. The pH of the auto-mechanic soils were acidic with the range of 4.3- 5.0 in comparison with the control point which had a mean value of 5.6. Heavy metals had higher values in auto mechanic soils than in the control and their concentration decreased in this trend, Cu 0.940> Hg 0.211> Ni 0.093> Zn 0.051> Pb 0.021> Cd 0.015 > Ar 0.003; Hg 1.385> Cu 0.853> Ni 0.079> Zn 0.041> Cd 0.04> Pb 0.034> Ar 0.004. This showed that disposal of used motor oil on the soil affected the soil quality negatively. It is therefore; recommended that there should be a legislation to stop the indiscriminate dumping of spent oil and lubricants on the surface of the soil at Orji Mechanic village without treatment prior to disposal.
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Widiasmadi, Nugroho. "Soil Improvement & Conservation Based on Biosoildam Integrated Smart Ecofarming Technology (Applied in Java Alluvial Land & Arid Region in East Indonesia)." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (September 26, 2020): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep239.
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Biosoildam a technology that combines agricultural and environmental activities (water & soil conservation) based on IOT. This analysis aims to improve alluvial agricultural lands by analyzing the relationship between microbial activity on acidity and the infiltration rate for alluvial lands that widely spread on the north coast of Java with Biosoildam Technology. Microbial activity as a biological agent / biofertilizer of slurry biomass decomposition taken from the livestock center and soil conditioning will affect soil electrolyte conductivity (EC). Other variables use the humidity and soil temperature parameters to control the relationship. Integrated Ecofarming where harvest straw for feed and livestock waste for fertilizer in micobial decomposting process is a cost-effective method that can improve soil quickly and measurably. The research took place from January to July 2018 on the red onion farms in Nganjuk Regency. The tools used include Double Ring Infiltrometer for measuring the infiltration rate at three radial distances from the centre of the microbial hole (biohole), microcontroller & wifi, electrolyte conductivity sensor as the soil fertility indication, pH meter for measuring soil acidity, and humidity and soil temperature sensors. The real-time information on soil paramaters is obtained through analogue inputs from EC, pH, humidity and temperature sensors, converted into digital information data by a microcontroller which later sent via wifi. Sensors are spreadly placed with radius A= 1,5 m ;B= 2 m ; C= 3m. Average Result : infiltration rate =40cm/h EC=1100 M=45 % T=25°C pH=6,5.
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Pokhylko, Valeriy, Olena Kovalova, Yuliia Cherniavska, Svitlana Tsvirenko, and Yuliia Klymchuk. "DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH EARLY ONSET BACTERIAL INFECTIONS: TOOLS OF CLINICAL PREDICATION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 5 (2019): 1068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201905222.
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Introduction: The safe thresholds of blood pressure in preterm neonates are still unclear. The aim of our study was to substantiate the diagnostic criteria for the syndrome of arterial hypotension (AH) and indications for the appointment of hemodynamic support in premature infants with early onset bacterial infections. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted. 2 experimental groups were formed –premature babies with early onset bacterial infections and AH (n = 58), and control group (n = 62), premature babies without AH. The subjects of the study were a number of risk factors. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used. Results: In premature infants with AH, compared with those without AH, there are significantly lower values of stroke index of left ventricle (SILV), index of resistance (IR) of the middle cerebral artery, pH, significantly higher level of urea in serum and a higher proportion of children with hypoglycemia. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to develop a clinical prognostic model for the AH-syndrome. Only prognostic model, which included SILV, blood pH and blood glucose, had high prognostic characteristics and the largest area under the ROC curve. Conclusions: The following diagnostic criteria can be used for the appointment of medical support for hemodynamics: the digital value of the level of mean blood pressure, expressed in mmHg, is less than the gestational age in weeks, and at least one of the following indicators –pH is less than 7.2, blood glucose level is less than 2.8 mmol/l, SILV is less than the normal ranges.
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Balladares, L., LF Alegría-Acevedo, A. Montenegro-Arana, LA Arana-Gordillo, C. Pulido, MT Salazar-Gracez, A. Reis, and AD Loguercio. "Effects of pH and Application Technique of In-office Bleaching Gels on Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration into the Pulp Chamber." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-148-l.
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SUMMARY Objective: This in vitro study aimed to quantify the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber in teeth submitted to in-office bleaching with varied pH and application techniques. The color change and pH of the in-office bleaching product during application was also evaluated. Methods and Materials: Ninety-six human premolars were used and randomly divided into 10 groups (n=9) according to the following combination of factors: pH of in-office bleaching agents (two neutral/alkaline pH: Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% and three acidic pH: Whiteness HP Maxx 35%, Lase Peroxide Sensy 35%, and Total Blanc Office 35%) and application modes (for 3 × 15 minutes [3×15] and 1 × 45 minutes [1×45]). An additional group of non-bleached teeth (control; n=6) was added. First, all teeth were sectioned 3 mm from the cementoenamel junction and the pulp tissue was removed. An acetate buffer was placed in the pulp chamber of all teeth. After bleaching, this solution was transferred to a glass tube in which HP was allowed to react with other components, resulting in a pink solution. The optical density of this pink solution was measured using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and converted into amount of HP. Color change before and 1 week after bleaching was evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer. A pH meter with a 6-mm circular and flat surface was used in contact with the enamel surface to quantify the pH of the bleaching gels during application. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: Overall, lower mean HP penetration values were observed for Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% compared with other bleaching gels (p<0.05). Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% were not influenced by the application technique (p>0.05). However, lower mean HP penetration values were observed for Whiteness HP Maxx 35%, Total Blanc Office 35%, and Lase Peroxide Sensy 35% when using the 3×15 application technique compared with the 1×45 technique (p<0.05). Significant whitening was detected and no significant difference of color change was observed between groups (p>0.54). The pH did not change during the 3×15 application technique; however, all acidic bleaching gels significantly decreased in pH when applied for 1×45 (p<0.01). Conclusions: The amount of HP that reaches the pulp chamber was lower when neutral/alkaline pH gels were used, independently of the application technique. When considering acidic pH gels, it is preferable to use the 3×15 application technique, mainly because longer application time (1×45) results in lower pH. No difference was observed between groups with regards to color change.
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Murashеv, Sergey V., Elena A. Gorlach, Alexander N. Chertov, Elena V. Gorbunova, and Elena I. Kiprushkina. "DEVELOPMENT OF A COLOURIMETRIC METHOD FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF SAUSAGE PRODUCTS PRODUCED USING CHITINOUS FOOD ADDITIVES." Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives XXV (September 30, 2020): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.25.012.
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A crucial technological task that must be solved in the production of sausage products is to stabilize the product’s red colour. In this paper, we propose a scheme to determine the most significant parameters of the quality of dry-cured sausages by their colour characteristics. For this purpose, colour digital images were obtained, which were further processed using two classical colour representation systems: RGB and xyY. We monitored changes in pH and the ratio of water to dry matter in meat products. These crucial sausage properties were changed by introducing chitin-containing supplements into their recipes, which allowed us to solve two tasks simultaneously. The first comprises, as already mentioned, changing the properties of sausages to obtain correlations with colour characteristics. The second is to enrich meat products with chitin complex for preventive purposes to improve people’s nutrition. The construction of correlation dependencies using each coordinate separately in two colour systems showed that each system (RGB and xyY) has one colour channel with a maximum correlation coefficient. This is due to the colour features of sausages, which can be represented to the greatest extent with the help of only one colour coordinate in the considered colour representation systems (RGB and xyY). Using these colour coordinates will allow one to achieve maximum measurement accuracy. Thus, two tasks are being solved: the enrichment of food with dietary supplement and the development of a method to control their content.
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Tsang, Hin Hung, Jose A. Domingos, Jacob A. F. Westaway, Maximilian H. Y. Kam, Roger Huerlimann, and Giana Bastos Gomes. "Digital Droplet PCR-Based Environmental DNA Tool for Monitoring Cryptocaryon irritans in a Marine Fish Farm from Hong Kong." Diversity 13, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080350.
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The adoption of new investigative strategies based on environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used to monitor parasites, associated bacterial microbiomes, and physical-chemical parameters in fish farms. In this study, we used the economically important and globally distributed fish ciliate parasite Cryptocaryon irritans as a model to understand the parasite abundance and potential drivers of its presence in marine fish farms. Environmental (rainfall) and physical-chemical (temperature, oxygen, salinity, pH) data collected from a marine fish farm in Hong Kong were analyzed together with the eDNA approach targeting C. irritans abundance based on digital droplet PCR and 16S metagenomics to determine associations and triggers between parasites and specific bacterial groups. Rainfall and temperature demonstrated positive associations with high abundance of C. irritans (eDNA) at the studied marine fish cage farm. However, rainfall was the only parameter tested that demonstrated a significant association with parasite eDNA, indicating that the raining season is a risky period for fish farmers in Hong Kong. Coraliomargarita was the bacterial genus with the most significant relationship with low abundance of C. irritans in water. Understanding the environmental triggers of ciliate parasites propagation and associated bacterial microbiome could elucidate new insights into environmental control, microbial management, and promote the reduction of chemical use in marine fish farms.
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Seymour, Ian, Tarun Narayan, Niamh Creedon, Kathleen Kennedy, Aidan Murphy, Riona Sayers, Emer Kennedy, Ivan O’Connell, James F. Rohan, and Alan O’Riordan. "Advanced Solid State Nano-Electrochemical Sensors and System for Agri 4.0 Applications." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093149.
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Global food production needs to increase in order to meet the demands of an ever growing global population. As resources are finite, the most feasible way to meet this demand is to minimize losses and improve efficiency. Regular monitoring of factors like animal health, soil and water quality for example, can ensure that the resources are being used to their maximum efficiency. Existing monitoring techniques however have limitations, such as portability, turnaround time and requirement for additional reagents. In this work, we explore the use of micro- and nano-scale electrode devices, for the development of an electrochemical sensing platform to digitalize a wide range of applications within the agri-food sector. With this platform, we demonstrate the direct electrochemical detection of pesticides, specifically clothianidin and imidacloprid, with detection limits of 0.22 ng/mL and 2.14 ng/mL respectively, and nitrates with a detection limit of 0.2 µM. In addition, interdigitated electrode structures also enable an in-situ pH control technique to mitigate pH as an interference and modify analyte response. This technique is applied to the analysis of monochloramine, a common water disinfectant. Concerning biosensing, the sensors are modified with bio-molecular probes for the detection of both bovine viral diarrhea virus species and antibodies, over a range of 1 ng/mL to 10 µg/mL. Finally, a portable analogue front end electronic reader is developed to allow portable sensing, with control and readout undertaken using a smart phone application. Finally, the sensor chip platform is integrated with these electronics to provide a fully functional end-to-end smart sensor system compatible with emerging Agri-Food digital decision support tools.
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Dominguez, D. C., and J. T. Ellzey. "Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes in hepatocytes of alcohol-fed rats." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 1100–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100157486.
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Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.
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Das, Sumanta, Malini Roy Choudhury, Subhasish Das, and M. Nagarajan. "Earth Observation and Geospatial techniques for Soil Salinity and Land Capability Assessment over Sundarban Bay of Bengal Coast, India." Geodesy and Cartography 65, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geocart-2016-0012.
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Abstract To guarantee food security and job creation of small scale farmers to commercial farmers, unproductive farms in the South 24 PGS, West Bengal need land reform program to be restructured and evaluated for agricultural productivity. This study established a potential role of remote sensing and GIS for identification and mapping of salinity zone and spatial planning of agricultural land over the Basanti and Gosaba Islands(808.314sq. km) of South 24 PGS. District of West Bengal. The primary data i.e. soil pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Sodium Absorption ratio (SAR) were obtained from soil samples of various GCP (Ground Control Points) locations collected at 50 mts. intervals by handheld GPS from 0–100 cm depths. The secondary information is acquired from the remotely sensed satellite data (LANDSAT ETM+) in different time scale and digital elevation model. The collected field samples were tested in the laboratory and were validated with Remote Sensing based digital indices analysisover the temporal satellite data to assess the potential changes due to over salinization. Soil physical properties such as texture, structure, depth and drainage condition is stored as attributes in a geographical soil database and linked with the soil map units. The thematic maps are integrated with climatic and terrain conditions of the area to produce land capability maps for paddy. Finally, The weighted overlay analysis was performed to assign theweights according to the importance of parameters taken into account for salineareaidentification and mapping to segregate higher, moderate, lower salinity zonesover the study area.
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Ekengwu, I. E., O. G. Utu, and K. O. Anyanwu. "Corrosion Inhibition Efficiencies of Polymeric Materials on Alloy Steel in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions at Ambient Temperature." Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): C27—C32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2020.7(2).c5.
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A corrosion control test was conducted on alloy steel, using polymeric coatings (polyurethane, bitumen (medium airing), and high-density polyethylene) in dilute HCl solutions of pH values 4, 7, and 12, respectively for acid, neutral and alkaline solutions at ambient temperature. In the study, Eighty-four coupons of alloy steel were used. The coupons were mechanized, ground, polished, etched with natal, and weighed using a digital weighing balance (Beva 206B). The mass of each coupon was recorded according to the tag number on them. Twenty-one of the coupons were coated with polyurethane, 21 coated with medium curing bitumen (MC), and 21 coated with high-density polyethylene, while 21 were left uncoated. Seven polyurethane-coated samples, bitumen coating, and uncoated coupons were suspended in dilute HCl solutions of pH values 4, 7, and 12. Every week, one sample is taken from each of the solutions, the coatings and the corrosion products were removed, and the coupons were etched with natal. Then the coupons were reweighed, and their masses were recorded in accordance with their tag number. The weight loss per unit area of the coupons, corrosion rate, and percentage corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the coatings was calculated over seven weeks. The results obtained were tabulated and represented graphically. From the results obtained, it is seen that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of polyurethane coatings is higher compared with bitumen and polyethylene. It is also seen from the graphs that the corrosion rate of the coupons is higher in acid, a little bit lower in alkaline, and much lower in neutral solution. It is also observed that the corrosion rates fall with time as the inhibition efficiency also falls with time.
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Polivkova, Vaclava, Nikola Curik, Hana Zizkova, Adela Benesova, Pavel Burda, Pavla Pecherkova, Eliska Motlova, et al. "DNA Analysis of Mutations in the Kinase Domain of BCR-ABL1 By Allele-Specific Digital PCR Is Highly Sensitive and Refines Prediction of Kinetics of Resistant CML Clones." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119710.
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Abstract Introduction: In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), detection of mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain (KD) is routinely performed on transcript level. To determine the level of BCR-ABL1 KD mutation is important to follow kinetics of resistant CML cells and therapeutically prevent progression. However, the mutation types and levels are not always reliable predictors of subsequent dynamics of mutation-bearing clones and of corresponding clinical consequences (Willis, 2005; Khorashad, 2006; Preuner, 2012). DNA analysis enables more precise quantification of (sub)clonal levels and thus might be more reliable approach to monitor dynamics of BCR-ABL1 KD mutations. Aim: To study clonal evolution of resistant CML cells using genomic quantification of mutated BCR-ABL1 KD by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Methods: BCR-ABL1 mutation analysis on transcript level was performed using next generation sequencing (NGS) (Nextera XT; Illumina) and on DNA level using allele-specific ddPCR assays detecting T315I, E255K and Y253H (Bio-Rad). The level of genomic BCR-ABL1 mutation was determined as a copy number of mutation divided by a copy number of genomic BCR-ABL1 fusion. Quantification of genomic BCR-ABL1 was performed by ddPCR using patient-specific primers and probes designed to detect individual fusions. ALB (albumin) quantification was used as a control of DNA load/cell numbers. For analyses, mRNA and DNA extracted from KCL-22 cell line resistant to imatinib (IM) and from leukocytes of a patient who developed T315I during TKI therapy were used. Results: KCL-22 cell line is characterized by 2 Ph chromosomes and by ability to develop resistance by acquisition of BCR-ABL1 mutations early after the exposure to IM. We repeatedly found, that during early cultivation in the presence of IM, BCR-ABL1-T315I transcript increased up to maximum of 50%. Subsequently, after 2 months, BCR-ABL1-E255K transcripts became detectable and increased over time to 100%, while T315I decreased to un-detectable levels. To study the observed kinetics, we isolated 4 clones resistant to 4 µM IM that expressed 1) 50% of T315I, 2) 50% of E255K and 3) 30% of Y253H. In the fourth clone, no BCR-ABL1 mutation was detected, but mutation acquisition was found in KRAS, RUNX1 and ATRX. The levels of mutated BCR-ABL1 transcripts in mutation bearing clones remained stable over time. DNA analyses confirmed the same level of mutated BCR-ABL1 and revealed that in all resistant clones, only 1 Ph chromosome carried the BCR-ABL1 mutation (T315I, E255K or Y253H). Based on quantification of genomic BCR-ABL1 fusion and albumin we found, that the un-mutated BCR-ABL1 fusion was duplicated in Y253H clone, explaining the 30% level of Y253H. To follow a clonal evolution, we mixed the 4 KCL-22 resistant clones and analyzed BCR-ABL1 KD mutations at both mRNA and DNA levels during exposition to IM. We found that T315I clone overgrew other 3 clones in the mixture over time and 1 Ph chromosome remained mutated. These data confirm the T315I mutation being the most resistant; however, the data from the original cell culture, where the 100% E255K clone overgrew the 50% T315I cells, demonstrate, that a less resistant mutation might dominate the culture if present on both Ph chromosomes (as revealed by DNA analysis). We compared mRNA and DNA approach in 14 samples collected during individualized treatment management of a CML patient, who developed T315I during TKI therapy. The first mutation detection was during warning response preceded by eight samples negative by mRNA-NGS approach; DNA ddPCR analysis reliably detected T315I mutation in 7 of these 8 samples. Six mRNA positive samples were positive by DNA approach, which showed the same level of T315I. Conclusions: Allele-specific ddPCR together with quantification of BCR-ABL1 genomic fusion represents highly sensitive and reliable method providing fast and precise quantification of BCR-ABL1 mutations. A single DNA analysis is able to uncover clinically relevant events including BCR-ABL1 amplification or additional mutation acquisition, which presumably influence fitness of leukemic cells and clonal evolution during therapeutic interventions. The information provided by DNA mutational analysis may thus refine prediction of mutation kinetics and consequently improve management of progressed CML and Ph+ ALL. Support GACR 18-18407S, MZCR 00023736, AZV 15-31540, AZV 16-30186A Disclosures Klamova: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria. Ernst:Novartis: Research Funding. Soverini:Incyte Biosciences: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy. Machova:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Other: Educational grant funding; Incyte: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy.
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Rosenberg, S. O., P. A. Berkowitz, L. Li, and V. L. Schuster. "Imaging of filter-grown epithelial cells: MDCK Na(+)-H+ exchanger is basolateral." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 260, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): C868—C876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.260.4.c868.
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We report a simple method for growing epithelial cells on permeable supports and for imaging the cells from the apical side using an inverted microscope. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were either seeded onto the conventional side of Millipore-CM filters or onto “inverted” filters. The peak transepithelial resistance of confluent monolayers was the same with either system. Cells on inverted filters that were stained with various dyes and imaged by epifluorescence exhibited more distinct intercellular spaces, cell margins, nuclei, and subapical vesicles. We also perfused both sides of inverted filters with HCO3/CO2-free saline and measured intracellular pH (pHi) using 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) and digital imaging. The intrinsic buffer capacity of MDCK cells increased exponentially as pHi decreased. After an NH4Cl load, the H+ extrusion rate (JH+) in control saline was 2.42 +/- 0.62 mM/min. JH+ was completely blocked by 1 mM basolateral amiloride. In contrast, 1 mM apical amiloride had no effect. We conclude that 1) growth of epithelial cells on an inverted filter system is useful for the microspectrofluorimetric determination of pHi in single cells and for the imaging of apical/subapical structures, and 2) the Na(+)-H+ exchanger of MDCK cells is functionally polarized to the basolateral membrane.
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Voulgari, Evgenia, François Krummenacher, and Maher Kayal. "ANTIGONE: A Programmable Energy-Efficient Current Digitizer for an ISFET Wearable Sweat Sensing System." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062074.
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This article describes the design and the characterization of the ANTIGONE (ANalog To dIGital cONvErter) ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) built in AMS 0.35 m technology for low dc-current sensing. This energy-efficient ASIC was specifically designed to interface with multiple Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (ISFETs) and detect biomarkers like pH, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in human sweat. The ISFET-ASIC system can allow real-time noninvasive and continuous health monitoring. The ANTIGONE ASIC architecture is based on the current-to-frequency converter through the charge balancing principle. The same front-end can digitize multiple currents produced by four sweat ISFET sensors in time multiplexing. The front-end demonstrates good linearity over a dynamic range that spans from 1 pA up to 500 nA. The consumed energy per conversion is less than 1 J. The chip is programmable and works in eight different modes of operation. The system uses a standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) to configure, control and read the digitally converted sensor data. The chip is controlled by a portable device over Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) through a Microcontroller Unit (MCU). The sweat sensing system is part of a bigger wearable platform that exploits the convergence of multiparameter biosensors and environmental sensors for personalized and preventive healthcare.
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Nadzri, Muhamad M. N. "The 14th General Election, the Fall of Barisan Nasional, and Political Development in Malaysia, 1957-2018." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 37, no. 3 (December 2018): 139–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341803700307.
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The results of the recent 2018 general election (GE14) in Malaysia were exceptional. The ruling party – Barisan Nasional (BN) – was ousted from power after over six decades of authoritarian rule, by a new opposition coalition – the Pakatan Harapan (PH). In this historic election, BN lost all the federal states in Peninsular Malaysia except for the two less developed ones of Perlis and Pahang. BN was also defeated in Sabah for the second time since its dramatic recapture in 1995. However, these results are not as surprising if one looks at the outcome from its historical and developmental perspectives. The indication of the breakdown of the one-party dominant state of Malaysia can (at least) be traced back to 10 years ago – since the 2008 general election (GE12). BN then lost several parliamentary seats in the urban centres, even with a less unified opposition. It had also lost four states on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, and had been fairly incompetent in reclaiming control over Selangor and Penang since that particular election. Five years later, in the 2013 general election (GE13), the results aggravated BN. It had lost its popular votes to the then opposition coalition – the Pakatan Rakyat (PR). The main objectives of this article, therefore, are twofold. First, it intends to shed light on the recent general elections through historical and developmental approaches by linking them to the electoral results, and political development in Malaysia, respective to GE12 and GE13. Second, it strives to make available for analysis the arguments on how the opposition pact managed to unseat BN in GE14. The analysis in this article is based on the data gathered by the author through a mixture of media studies, library research, and direct observation – as this author was one of the official observers appointed by the Election Commission of Malaysia for GE14. The main argument of this article on the breakthrough of PH to the federal government is that the opposition managed to reshape the multiparty electoral system to a “two-plus-one party system” from late 2016, which boosted the level of political competition between the two main parties in Malaysia – namely, BN and PH – in GE14. Four major factors have been identified as constituting the triumph of PH and the fall of BN in the election. These are: the existence of a credible representative and strong opposition, with the inclusion of Mahathir and two Malay/ Bumiputra (“the natives”) political parties; the rupture of the elites within the ruling regime; the presence of impactful issues surrounding Najib's administration; and, the advancement of information and communications technology as well as its impact on the emergence of a digital and much more participative society in Malaysia.
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Iudicello, Antonella, Filippo Genovese, Valentina Strusi, Massimo Dominici, and Barbara Ruozi. "Development and Validation of a New Storage Procedure to Extend the In-Use Stability of Azacitidine in Pharmaceutical Formulations." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14090943.
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Stability studies performed by the pharmaceutical industry are principally designed to fulfill licensing requirements. Thus, post-dilution or post-reconstitution stability data are frequently limited to 24 h only for bacteriological reasons, regardless of the true physicochemical stability which could, in many cases, be longer. In practice, the pharmacy-based centralized preparation may require preparation in advance for administration, for example, on weekends, holidays, or in general when pharmacies may be closed. We report an innovative strategy for storing resuspended solutions of azacitidine, a well-known chemotherapic agent, for which the manufacturer lists maximum stability of 22 h. By placing the syringe with the azacitidine reconstituted suspension between two refrigerant gel packs and storing it at 4 °C, we found that the concentration of azacitidine remained above 98% of the initial concentration for 48 h, and no change in color nor the physicochemical properties of the suspension were observed throughout the study period. The physicochemical and microbiological properties were evaluated by HPLC–UV and UHPLC-HRMS analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, pH determination, visual and subvisual examination, and sterility assay. The HPLC-UV method used for evaluating the chemical stability of azacitidine was validated according to ICH. Precise control of storage temperature was obtained by a digital data logger. Our study indicates that by changing the storage procedure of azacitidine reconstituted suspension, the usage window of the drug can be significantly extended to a time frame that better copes with its use in the clinical environment.
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Oso, Opeyemi G., and Alex B. Odaibo. "Land use/land cover change, physico-chemical parameters and freshwater snails in Yewa North, Southwestern Nigeria." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): e0246566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246566.
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The management of ecosystem has been a major contributor to the control of diseases that are transmitted by snail intermediate hosts. The ability of freshwater snails to self-fertilize, giving rise to thousands of hatchlings, enables them to contribute immensely to the difficulty in reducing the endemicity of some infections in the world. One of the effects of land use/land cover change (LU/LCC) is deforestation, which, in turn, leads to the creation of suitable habitats for the survival of freshwater snails. This study was aimed at studying the land use/land cover change, physico-chemical parameters of water bodies and to understand the interplay between them and freshwater snails in an environment where a new industrial plant was established. Landsat TM, 1984, Landsat ETM+ 2000 and Operational land Imager (OLI) 2014 imageries of the study area were digitally processed using ERDAS Imagine. The land use classification includes settlement, water bodies, wetlands, vegetation and exposed surface. Dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids and conductivity were measured with multipurpose digital meters. Snail sampling was done at each site for 30 minutes along the littoral zones, using a long-handled scoop (0.2mm mesh size) net once every month for 24 months. Independent t-test was used to determine the variation between seasons, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and snail species while regression was used to analyze the relationship between LU/LCC and freshwater snails. Species’ richness, diversity and evenness were examined using Margalef, Shannon Weiner and Equitability indexes. Snail species recovered include: Bulinus globosus, Bulinus jousseaumei, Bulinus camerunensis, Bulinus senegalensis, Bulinus forskalii, Amerianna carinatus, Ferrissia spp., Segmentorbis augustus, Lymnaea natalensis, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa acuta, Gyraulus costulatus, Indoplanorbis exuxtus and Gibbiella species. Out of the total snails recovered, M. tuberculata (2907) was the most abundant, followed by Lymnaea natalensis (1542). The highest number of snail species was recovered from Iho River while the least number of snails was recovered from Euro River. The mean and standard deviation of physico-chemical parameters of the water bodies were DO (2.13±0.9 mg/L), pH (6.80±0.4), TDS (50.58±18.8 mg/L), Temperature (26.2±0.9°C) and Conductivity (74.00±27.5 μS/cm). There was significant positive correlation between pH and B. globosus (r = 0.439; P<0.05). Dissolved oxygen showed significant positive correlation with B. globosus (r = 0.454; P<0.05) and M. tuberculata (r = 0.687; P<0.01). There was a positive significant relationship between LULCC and B. camerunensis (p<0.05). The positive relationship between LULCC and the abundance of B. globosus, B. jousseaumei was not significant. The area covered by water bodies increased from 3.72 to 4.51 kilometers; this indicates that, more suitable habitats were being created for the multiplication of freshwater snails. We therefore conclude that, increase in areas suitable for the survival of freshwater snails could lead to an increase in water-borne diseases caused by the availability of snail intermediate hosts.
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Maslov, Oleksandr Yu, Serhii V. Kolisnyk, Svitlana V. Ponomarenko, Elshan Yunis Ogli Ahmedov, and Zoia V. Shovkova. "The study of the effect of ethyl alcohol concentrations on the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid solutions." Journal of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry 19, no. 2(74) (June 23, 2021): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/ophcj.21.231947.
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Much attention is currently paid to the study of the antioxidant properties of various objects – individual antioxidants, dietary supplements, medicines, liquid plant extracts. Antioxidant medicines are widely used as the main or additional correction agents in the treatment of a number of diseases. Therefore, the study and development of procedures for determining the antioxidant activity is a prospective task for today. Aim. To determine the contribution of different concentrations of ethanol to the level of the antioxidant activity (AOA) of ascorbic acid solutions by the potentiometric method. Results and discussion. The different ethanol content in the solution had the following percent of the contribution to the value of AOA of ascorbic acid solutions – 1.85, 3.56, 4.89, 6.76, 7.63 % for 20, 40, 60, 80, 96 % ethanol, respectively. The linearity of the procedure was proven in the range from 0.039 to 0.31 mmol/L. Experimental part. The object of the study was solutions of ascorbic acid prepared using ethanol of different concentrations – 20, 40, 60, 80, 96 %. Potentiometric measurements were conducted by a Hanna 2550 pH meter (Germany) with an EZDO 5010 combined platinum electrode. Weighing was carried out using an АN100 digital analytical balance (AXIS, Ukraine) with d = 0.0001 g. Ascorbic acid was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (≥ 99.0 %), K3[Fe(CN)6], K4[Fe(CN)6], NaHPO4, KH2PO4 were of analytical grade. Conclusions. It has been found that ethyl alcohol affects the change of the potential in the electrochemical cell and the level of AOA of ascorbic acid solutions. The percentage of the contribution of different concentrations of ethyl alcohol to the AOA value ranges from 1.85 to 7.63 %. The approach and the formula for calculation that take into account the effect of ethyl alcohol on the final AOA result of the test sample of ascorbic acid in a water-alcohol solutions have been proposed. The results of this study can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries to determine, assess and control the AOA level of dietary supplements, liquid extracts, tinctures, medicines, and alcoholic beverages.
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Dychok-Nedzelska, A. Z., Ya V. Lesyk, and I. I. Kovalchuk. "The effect of sulfur compounds on the content of microelements in tissue organism rabbits." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 95 (November 2, 2019): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9530.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of nanotechnology and sodium sulfate on the content of mineral elements in the tissues of 110-day-old rabbits by feeding different amounts of nano sulfur citrate. Studies were conducted on young rabbits of the Hyla breed in the private sector. Rabbits for the study were selected at the age of 41 days on the principle of analogues, weighing 1.2–1.4 kg, were divided into six groups (control and five experimental), 6 animals (3 males and 3 females) in each. Animals were kept in rooms with adjustable microclimate and illumination in mesh cages measuring 50×120×30 cm, in accordance with modern animal health standards. The rabbits of the control group were fed without restriction a balanced granular compound feed, with free access to water. Animals of the first (I), second (II), third (III), and fourth (IV) experimental groups were fed a control group diet and fed with nano sulfur citrate for 2; 4; 8 and 12 mg S/kg body weight. A solution of nano sulfur citrate (1.0 g/dm3, pH 1.38) was obtained from the Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies LLC, Kyiv. The young of the fifth (V) experimental group was fed with a diet of the control group and water was given sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in the amount of 40 mg S/kg body weight. At the 58th day from the beginning of the experiment, the animals were slaughtered, taking into account the generally accepted bioethical norms of international regulations regarding the experimental work with vertebrate animals. Blood, tissues: liver, skin and wool were selected for the study. For determination of macro and microelements, the samples were pre-mineralized by dry aching method. After ashes, acid extraction was performed. In the prepared samples, the elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using AAS-115 C. The digital data were statistically processed using the Student's t test. Studies have found that the feeding of rabbit sulfur citrate in the smallest amount tested 2 mg/kg caused a significant increase in liver – Fe (P < 0.05) and skin – Zn (P < 0.05), whereas a larger dose of 4 mg/kg was affected by changes in blood Cr and Fe (P < 0.01), liver – Zn and Fe (P < 0.05), skin – Zn (P < 0.01), wool – Zn and Fe (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. It was noted that the use in the diet of rabbits supplements of sulfur citrate at the rate of 8 mg/kg was marked by the greatest changes in the investigated tissues of the rabbit body, in particular the higher blood levels of Cr (P<0,001), Fe (P<0,05) and Cu (P < 0.01), liver – Zn, Fe and Cu (P < 0.05), skin – Zn (P < 0.001), higher amounts of 12 mg/kg caused changes in liver content – Zn (P < 0.01) and Fe (P < 0.05), skin – Zn (P < 0.05) compared to the control, indicating the stimulating effect of the organic sulfur compound on the activation of the processes of assimilation of these elements in their body. The use of sodium sulfate in the amount of 40 mg S/kg body weight was less likely to affect the content of the studied mineral elements compared with the control group with a more pronounced effect: Zn in the liver and skin, Cr in wool. Therefore, feeding in the diet of rabbits II and III experimental groups of nano sulfur citrate in the amount of 4 and 8 S/kg body weight was more pronounced synergistic effect on the trace elements in the tissues of their body than the use of inorganic compounds and the control group.
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Da Silva, K. N., T. S. Cordeiro, A. G. Fávero, C. S. Bogsan, R. D. C. Sinigaglia, S. J. Miszputen, O. Ambrogini–Júnior, and A. P. R. Paiotti. "P056 Kefir (Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens) promotes autophagy and protects the intestinal barrier against DSS-induced colitis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S162—S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.185.
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Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease occurs when luminal antigens from microbiota stimulate the immune system of an intestinal barrier through defects in the tight junctions lead to an exacerbated response in the genetically predisposed individual. It is well known that the consumption of probiotics improves intestinal health. Specifically, the Lactobacillus sp. strains play a key role in the epithelial intestinal barrier, promote mucin secretion, better performance of tight junctions and prevent apoptosis of epithelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Kefir (Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens) on inflammation of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomised into five groups: Sham; 5% DSS-induced colitis; control Kefir; 5% DSS-induced colitis treated with Kefir; 5% DSS-induced colitis treated with Kefir + 5-ASA (125mg/kg/day) (Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals number 3627290119). The lactic culture of Kefir (Danisco Biolacta, Olstyn, Poland) was administered ad libitum per 6 days. The preparation of the matrix was carried out as follows: whole milk powder was reconstituted to 10% with distilled water and was incubated at 85°C for 15 min using a mechanical shaker. Subsequently, 20 mg freeze-dried Kefir culture was added to 100 ml of the treated milk and fermentation were carried out at 23°C for 16 h. When the desired pH of 4.6 was reached, the fermentation was stopped by cooling the flasks in ice bath and storing them under refrigeration at 4°C until utilisation. The rats were euthanised on day 9. Colonic samples were processed for transmission electron microscope (TEM) and conventional microscopy. Samples were analysed in a TEM EX II 1200 (JEOL, Japan) coupled to a digital camera system GATAN Orius (USA). Histopathological evaluation was performed by a pathologist under a light microscope. Parameters such as inflammation extent, regeneration and crypt damage were graded according to Dieleman et al.3 Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test using Graph Pad Prism (version 6.0). Results Kefir treatment reduces the severity of DSS-induced colitis evidenced by decreased abdominal discomfort and rectal bleeding. Histologically, there was a significant decreased of colonic damage and preservation of goblet cells (p < 0.0001) compared with DSS-colitis control group (Figure 1). The effect of Kefir was also verified by TEM analysis at the ultrastructural level, demonstrating the tight junctions preserved, decreased of reticulum edema and increased of autophagosomes (Figure 2). Conclusion Kefir promotes autophagy and protects the intestinal barrier against damage caused by DSS.
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Barreto de Oliveira, Renata D., Frederico Barbosa de Sousa, Amnah A. Algarni, George J. Eckert, and Anderson T. Hara. "Susceptibility of Dental Enamel of Different Ages to Caries-Like Lesion Development." Caries Research 54, no. 5-6 (2020): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509461.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the impact of estimated age, anatomical location, and the presence of wear facets on the susceptibility of enamel to develop caries-like lesions. Extracted human premolars (<i>n</i> = 261) had their age estimated between 10 and 93 years old, using established forensic methods. Specimens of enamel (4 × 4 mm) were prepared from the middle of the buccal surfaces, preserving the outer surface layer. The central area of the block (4 × 1 mm) was protected with nail polish and used as an internal control. The specimens were demineralized for 8 days (with 0.1 M acetic acid, 1.28 mM Ca, 0.74 mM Pi, and 0.03 µg F/mL, pH 5.0), to simulate caries-like lesion development. They were then scanned individually using microtomography, and digital 2D images were used to calculate the outcomes of integrated mineral concentration loss (Δ<i>Z</i> in µm/g/cm<sup>3</sup>) and lesion depth (LD in µm) at 3 locations, i.e., the cervical, middle, and occlusal thirds. The presence of natural surface wear facets was considered in the analysis. Data were evaluated using a linear mixed-effects models (α = 0.05). Δ<i>Z</i> increased significantly as a function of estimated tooth age at all 3 locations, and this increase was greater after the age of 30 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001), when a higher Δ<i>Z</i> was found in the occlusal third than in the middle and cervical thirds (<i>p</i> < 0.001). LD increased only in the occlusal third before the age of 30 years (<i>p</i> = 0.039) and this increase was significantly greater after 30 years at all 3 locations (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with no differences among them (<i>p</i> > 0.15). The presence of wear facets significantly increased Δ<i>Z</i> and LD (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both). Overall, we concluded that the susceptibility of enamel to developing caries-like lesions increased with estimated dental age. This effect was more pronounced after the estimated age of 30 years and in the presence of natural tooth wear facets.
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Abruzzese, Elisabetta, Rossana Gloria, Andrea Siani, Carla Mazzone, Matteo Molica, Teresa Dentamaro, Luca Cupelli, Malgorzata Monika Trawinska, and Paolo De Fabritiis. "Multidimensional Vascular Evaluation in Patients Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs): From Plaque Formation to Evolution and Follow up on 150 Patients." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142732.
Full textAbstract:
Background Among the unresolved issues concerning management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the most feared are long-term adverse events due to TKI treatment. Although TKIs have revolutionized CML outcomes, their use has also been associated with severe side effects including cardiovascular events, of which peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is the most frequently reported. In 2010 we began a long-term collaboration with local angiologists and vascular surgeons to investigate, screen and follow patients on TKI therapy. Placque formation, evolution and follow up of 150 patients were studied and are presented here. Methods We analyzed 143 CML and 7 Ph+ Acute Lymphoid leukemia (ALL) patients, all of whom were treated with TKIs. Careful assessment of cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., age, smoking, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, high LDL or low HDL cholesterol levels, family history of heart disease or other cardiovascular disease) were done according to the European Society of Cardiology Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk charts. A complete vascular screening, including physical examination, and a series of instrumental tests were performed for all patients. Tests included doppler echocardiography (US) of supra-aortic arteries with measurement of pre-bulbar IMT, abdominal arteries and inferior limbs arteries and veins (IL), ABI of the posterior tibial artery and digital photoplethysmography (FPG). Patients needing surgical intervention were referred to a surgeon. The team of hematologists, angiologists and surgeons met periodically to discuss results and intervention approaches. Results Patients included 76 males and 74 females with a median age of 53.7 yo (range 18-85). All patients were treated with a TKI at diagnosis, 87 (58%) with imatinib, 63 (42%) with other TKIs, including ponatinib (2 LLA), and all received TKI therapy for a minimum of 12 months since 2010. For analyses purposes, patients were divided in 7 different age groups at diagnosis (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and 81-85 years; patients incidence per group was 6%, 18%, 18.6%, 27.4%, 13.3%, 12.7% and 4%, respectively). Each patient in the study received yearly screening, and this increased to every 3-6 mo if abnormalities occurred. Of the 150 patients in the study, 10 (7%) developed severe PAOD (grade 3-4) requiring revascularization. Districts involved were: carotid (5), renal (2) and extremities (14 IL, 1 subclavian). Three patients were polyvascular requiring intervention in multiple regions. 18 patients with no malignancies requiring surgery were used as a control group and matched for sex, age, diabetes, smoking, district and intervention to compare patency rates, morbidity and mortality. At event, these 10 patients were taking imatinib (1), bosutinib (1), nilotinib (5) and ponatinib (3). None of them had a previous PAOD, but all had cardiovascular risk factors (100% were hypertensive). Median age was 66.8 yo (range 46-82) and the median number of PAOD risk factors (age >60, hypertension, diabetes, male gender, nicotine abuse and coronary heart disease) was 2 (range 1-5). Plaque was deemed significant when stenosis was >30%; at this point it developed very rapidly, with signs of arterial thrombosis within a year, requiring intervention. IMT scores (measuring thickness of carotid artery wall) and ABI followed by FPG and their variation over time proved predictive for plaque evolution. No patient died due to complications relating directly to surgical intervention or within 30 days post-surgery. One patient required a major limb amputation at 12 months. Patency rates were similar in the TKI and control group at 12 months (88.2% vs 80%), however the frequency of reintervention (endo or open) was 50% in TKI patients (n=5) and 11% in the control group (n=2; P<0.01). Discussion Multidisciplinary evaluation, comorbidity analysis and cardiovascular risk assessment in CML patients are highly recommended, at diagnosis if possible, to implement a tailored treatment strategy and to identify patients who require strict monitoring of risk factors during treatment. Extensive and detailed information on the 150 patients in this study will be presented with a focus on the onset and characteristics of thrombotic arterial events, medical/surgical interventions, analysis of instrumental parameters (ABI, IMT, FPG) and correlation with clinical data. Disclosures Abruzzese: Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bms: Honoraria.