Journal articles on the topic 'Digital over-current relay'
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Leda, Jeremias, Simon Patabang, Trials Jusuf, and Dionisius Ardeni. "Desain dan Implementasi Stopwatch Digital pada Kegiatan Praktikum Over-Current Relay." Batara Wisnu : Indonesian Journal of Community Services 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53363/bw.v2i1.135.
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The use of a digital stopwatch as a timer for the overcurrent relay is important in order to know the operating time characteristics of the overcurrent relay. This activity aims to design and build a digital stopwatch prototype for laboratory practice activities. The design of the equipment circuit was then made a digital stopwatch prototype and applied to the practical implementation of the MCGG52 type overcurrent relay for laboratory activity in the electrical engineering laboratory at the Faculty of Engineering, Atma Jaya University Makassar. The practical activity to record the operating time of the MCGG52 overcurrent relay using a digital stopwatch was successfully carried out with results that met the working standards of the MCGG52 relay
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Sekhane, H., D. Labed, and M. A. Labed. "Modelling and performance testing of a digital over-current relay enhanced designed model." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2022.3.10.
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Introduction. The over-current relay is widely used to protect distribution and transmission electrical systems against excessive currents occurring due to short circuit or overload conditions. Many works have been carried out in the field of models simulation design of digital over-current relays in the literature, but unfortunately many of them are more complex design models, have very slow execution time and only work in simple faults cases. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to present the performance of a modified and improved model of a digital over-current relay designed in Simulink/MATLAB environment with more simplified design, faster execution time, and able to operate under more complex fault conditions. Methodology. Before starting tests, modelling of over-current relay is presented in details, of which the basic logics of the proposed model to implement inverse and instantaneous characteristics are well explained. Afterwards, various tests are carried out for the performance analysis of the enhanced designed relay model in terms of: operating speed for eliminating faults that has arisen, ability to distinguish between a fault current and load starting current, capacity distinguish between real and temporary fault currents, the way to manage variable faults over time, and the degree of harmony between primary protection relay and back-up protection relay. Originality. The originality of our proposed work consists in the development and improvement of a digital over-current relay model designed in Simulink/MATLAB environment in such way that it becomes able to operate under new harsh test conditions. This developed designed model is implemented and applied in a 400V radial distribution power system with a load that causes a starting current. Results. The obtained values of simulation are compared with the theoretically calculated values and known existing models. The obtained results after various tests validate the good performance of our enhanced designed model.
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Goh, Yin Lee, Agileswari K. Ramasamy, Farrukh Hafiz Nagi, and Aidil Azwin Zainul Abidin. "Digital Signal Processor Based Over-current Relay Using Fuzzy Logic Controller." Electric Power Components and Systems 39, no. 13 (August 24, 2011): 1437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2011.584111.
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Sarwade, A. N., P. K. Katti, and J. G. Ghodekar. "Reach and Operating Time Correction of Digital Distance Relay." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp58-67.
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Current and voltage signals recieved from conventional iron core Current Transformer (CT) and Voltage Transformer plays very important role for correct operation of Distance Distance Relay (DDR). Increase in secondary burden connected to CT causes it to saturate at earlier stage. The saturated CT produces distorted secondary current, causing DDR to under reach and to operate by certain time delay. Rogowski Coils (RCs) are attaining increased acceptance and use in electrical power system due to their inherent linearity, greater accuracy and wide operating current range. This paper presents use of RC as an advanced measurement device suitable for DDR. Case study for validation of use of RC is carried out on low voltage system. The simulation results of Distance protection scheme used for protection of part of 220kV AC system shows excellent performance of RC over CT under abnormal conditions.
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Shaikh, Naeem Jilani, and Prabhood Kumar a. Khampariy. "Design of Digital Reverse Power Relay Model for Generator Protection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43302.
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Abstract: Generators are one of the most important parts of the power system. Faults at the generator lead to severe failures and fatal accidents. Hence, generators’ protection is a major concern, especially from faults – voltage and current fluctuations, short circuit faults, frequency variations, over-fluxing, flow of reverse power, etc. In this project, a protection scheme is presented for power flow in opposite direction that is flow of power from grid to the generator, due to which the generator starts consuming and acts as a load. Modelling tools are important to have a basic idea of power system. These tools aid an engineer to modify the system under all circumstances. This paper contains the simulation and modelling of digital reverse power relay in MATLAB/ Simulink®. The libraries in MATLAB offer Power System Analysis Toolbox which are simulation based, for power system engineering projects. Keywords: Reverse power relays, Relay Modelling, Digital relays.
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El-Hadidy, A., and A. Mahfouz. "A digital simulator for testing over-current relay immunity against decaying DC offsets in the current waveform." International Conference on Electrical Engineering 6, no. 6 (May 1, 2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iceeng.2008.34403.
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Barhate, Vinay. "Generating Various Inverse Time over Current Numerical Relays Using Microcontroller for Power System Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.149.
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Power System fault is defined as undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. These undesirable conditions such as short circuit, current leakage, ground short, over current and over voltage. This paper is an attempt to design and fabricate inverse time over current protection relay using basic Microcontroller. The 8051 Microcontroller will cause the circuit breaker to trip when the current from load current reaches the setting value in the micro controller and generates a time delay for tripping as per the type of Characteristics for which it is designed, may it be IDMT or normal inverse, very inverse or extremely inverse over current Relay. First the load current need to measure in order to monitor it using current sensor and when such condition arise, it will isolate in the shortest time possible without harming the any other electrical devices. The current sensor processes the signal using current to voltage converter, precision rectifier, Analog to Digital convertor, peripheral interfacing devices with Microcontroller chip takes the suitable action of generating trip signal at appropriate time for expected pick up value of current. It is tested with laboratory setup and found working satisfactory.
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Parsa, Roozbeh, W. Lee, Mohammad Shavezipur, J. Provine, Roya Maboudian, Subhasish Mitra, H. Wong, and Roger Howe. "Laterally Actuated Platinum-Coated Polysilicon NEM Relays." Microelectromechanical Systems, Journal of 22, no. 3 (May 2013): 768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2013.2244779.
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Laterally actuated polycrystalline silicon nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays with enhanced electrical properties are presented. Due to surface oxidation of polysilicon in room ambient conditions, the relays have a high contact resistance (> 1 GΩ) that requires high drain bias (3-5 V) to break through. The addition of a platinum sidewall coating reduces the on-resistance and the required drain bias to as low as 3 kΩ and 0.1 V, respectively. The platinum coating's stability is demonstrated by two tests: first, a contact-and-hold test where the relay passes current (~1μA) for up to 155 min and, second, a hot cycling test where the relay survives for over 108cycles . The NEMS relays are simulated using finite-element analysis, and the models are verified against experimental tests. Furthermore, the relays are configured and tested as a 2 : 1 multiplexer to show their potential as a digital logic component.
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Osintsev, Anatoly A., Aleksandra I. Naumova, and Elena I. Gracheva. "Analysis of distance protection’s operation in cases of deep saturation of current transformers." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801095.
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There is usually no information about permissible error of current transformers in modes succeed by large relative short-circuit current, at which microprocessor-based protections operate stably. By this reason, it is necessary to use data, defined for analog relays. It leads to value appreciation of a project because it is often essential to reduce current transformers’ error in case of a short circuit fault. Therefore, it is necessary to define the value of current transformers’ error, permitted for impedance relays. Conclusions of fundamental and applied sciences (mathematical analysis, theoretical foundations of electrical engineering, theory of simulation), analytical methods of researching nonlinear circuits and digital signal processing were used. A simulation model was created for setting overall tests of the current trans-former (CT) system. It was a relay protection device that reflected all the important properties of studied objects and allowed an analysis of digital distance protection’s operation at high levels of short-circuit currents. The factors influ-encing over digital distance protection’s operation in case of deep saturation of CTs were revealed, and a certain algorithm for definition of the permissible CT errors was proposed. Stable operation of digital distance protection was observed in case of a fault nearby the place of current transformers’ setting in all theoretically possible combinations of electrical system’s power and length of a protected electric power transmission line. It is valid if electric load choice is carried with account for stable protection’s operation in condition of a fault in the computational point and if voltage swell in secondary wirings is infeasible.
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Ivanov, Sergey O., Maxim V. Nikandrov, and Leonid A. Slavutskii. "NEURAL NETWORK MODELING OF RELAY PROTECTION WITH A TIME DELAY." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-3-53-60.
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Modern electric power facilities – stations and high-voltage substations – have become digital objects with the active use of high-speed local networks directly involved in the technological process. Management, analysis and control of information exchange in the digital substation of the power system require the development of new means and approaches. For these purposes, machine learning methods can be used, in particular the apparatus of artificial neural networks (ANN). The paper shows the possibilities of using direct propagation ANNs (multilayer perceptrons) for modeling and identifying anomalies in the operation modes of relay protection with a time delay. The results of training and testing of the ANN are presented on the example of analyzing the operation of the over current protection in the “sliding time window” mode in a three-phase electrical network. The proposed neuroalgorithm and configuration of the ANN can be used to control the modes and accuracy of relay and cybernetic defenses.
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Neftisov, A., O. Talipov, and O. Andreeva. "DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE VALUE OF THE STEADY-STATE ELECTRICITY IN THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT USING A REED SWITCH AND A MICROPROCESSOR." Scientific Journal of Astana IT University, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37943/aitu.2021.75.95.005.
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This article discusses an innovative device designed to determine the value of the steady-state current in the primary circuit of electrical installations using reed switches and a microprocessor without the use of current transformers. The typical structure of relay protection devices is considered. The main elements are presented. When choosing a primary converter, a reed switch was taken, because it has certain advantages over current transformers. As part of the research, experimental installations for measurements were assembled. They made it possible to emulate the real conditions in which the relay protection devices have to function, unnecessary and to depict the characteristics of future devices. The code is presented that allows the microprocessor device to function according to the laid down algorithm. A device on a reed switch and a microprocessor is presented, which allows transmitting a certain amount of current in the primary circuit in digital form (binary code) to the microprocessor protection. The presented measuring device made it possible to implement a method for determining the magnitude of the steady-state short-circuit current.
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Hussain, Abadal Salam T., Waleed A. Oraibi, Fadhel A. Jumaa, F. Malek, Syed F. Ahmed, Taha A. Taha, Jailani O. Mahmoud, et al. "Power Plant Station Protection System against Voltage Fluctuation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.65.
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Electrical Power System protection is required to protectboth the user and the system equipment itself fromany fault, hence electrical power system is not allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault is defined as the undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. Some of these undesirable conditions are short circuit, current leakage, ground faultand over-under voltage. With the increasing loads, voltages and short-circuit duty in power plant, over voltage protection has become more important today. Here, the component that had been used is PIC 16F877a microcontroller to control the whole system and especially on the circuit breakers as well as the LCT display unit is used to display the voltage level and type of generator that used to serve the load. Sensors are used to measure both thevoltage and the load. The controlled digital signal from PIC microcontroller is converted by using the digital analog converter to control the whole circuit. Thus a device called protective relay is created to meet this requirement. The protective relay is mostlyoften coupled with circuit breaker in a way that it can isolate the abnormal condition in the system.
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Mehta, Dr Rashesh P., Sushil Joshi, Pankaj Savani, Aditya Danayak, and Mitul Munjani. "Development of Numerical Protection Laboratory through Industry Institute Interaction." Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 36, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2022/v36i2/22158.
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Abstract—The development of a numerical protection laboratory is implemented through industry-institute interaction under an MOU. This paper documents the contribution of the major project of final year students on using a digital over-current and earth-fault relay. The latest numerical protection relay has been provided as a replacement for an older version by ABB India Ltd. as a part of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The laboratory experimental panel has been developed through the major project of the final year student group. There was the active participation of ABB India Ltd. by way of providing dedicated training to the student group and faculty members involved in the installation, commissioning, and design of the experimental panel. The results obtained from various case studies are reported in this paper. The facilities created are used for regular laboratory practicals for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The laboratory manuals are prepared to facilitate the implementation of the experiments. The laboratory curriculum has been updated for the UG course "Power System Protection" and the PG course "Advanced Power System Protection and Switchgear". It has resulted in improvement in the placement of UG and PG students. The training of industry and state power utility engineers can also be performed on the experimental panel developed. The outcome of this academic innovation related to industry-institute interaction is that the industry readiness of students has increased. Keywords : Industry Institute Interaction; Power system protection; laboratory development; Test setup; Over-current protection.
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Handayani, Indah Nursyamsi, Wike Kristianti, Mamurotun Mamurotun, and Andy Sambiono. "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PEMUTUS ARUS SEBAGAI PENGAMAN TEMPERATUR BERLEBIH PADA INKUBATOR BAYI." Jurnal Sehat Mandiri 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33761/jsm.v16i1.331.
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Several countries in the world, including Indonesia, have reported baby-care accidents in the baby incubator due to the failure of the temperature control system to maintain a stable temperature. Therefore, this study reports the design of an circuit breaker system as an over-temperature safety in a baby incubator. Experimentally, the prototype consists of hardware design, software design, and testing system design. The hardware design has four main part, sensing layer using PT1000 as a temperature sensor, data processing layer using an ESP32 microcontroller, a circuit breaker system using a solid-state relay as an electronic switching, and LCD as a display. System testing has been done by evaluating the temperature readings on a prototype against the HTC-02 digital thermometer instrument and carried out in the electromedical engineering laboratory. The results show the accuracy of the temperature parameter is 99% and the circuit breaker system is able to cut the current from the power supply to the appliance when the temperature is more than 39°C which is indicated by an incandescent lamp "off" where this is equivalent to a heater at the baby incubator is in the "off" condition. From the results of this test, it can be concluded that the circuit breaker system as a safety over temperature in the baby incubator has functioned according to the design.Recommended the development of this prototype needs to be followed up by testing on low-tech baby incubators available at basic health care facilities so as to improve technology readiness to be effective in the community.
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Naga Sujatha, K., R. DurgaRao, and V. B. Shalini. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL OVER CURRENT RELAYS UNDER DIFFERENT FAULT CONDITIONS IN RADIAL AND PARALLEL FEEDERS." MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/mijst.2017.s31.146158.
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Shaikh, Muhammad Fawad, Sunny Katyara, Zahid Hussain Khand, Madad Ali Shah, Lukasz Staszewski, Veer Bhan, Abdul Majeed, Shoaib Shaikh, and Leonowicz Zbigniew. "Novel Protection Coordination Scheme for Active Distribution Networks." Electronics 10, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182312.
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Distribution networks are inherently radial and passive owing to the ease of operation and unidirectional power flow. Proper installation of Distributed Generators, on the one hand, makes the utility network active and mitigates certain power quality issues e.g., voltage dips, frequency deviations, losses, etc., but on the other hand, it disturbs the optimal coordination among existing protection devices e.g., over-current relays. In order to maintain the desired selectivity level, such that the primary and backup relays are synchronized against different contingencies, it necessitates design of intelligent and promising protection schemes to distinguish between the upstream and downstream power flows. This research proposes exploiting phase angle jump, an overlooked voltage sag parameter, to add directional element to digital over-current relays with inverse time characteristics. The decision on the direction of current is made on the basis of polarity of phase angle jump together with the impedance angle of the system. The proposed scheme at first is evaluated on a test system in a simulated environment under symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults and, secondly, as a proof of the concept, it is verified in real-time on a laboratory setup using a Power Hardware-in-loop (PHIL) system. Moreover, a comparative analysis is made with other state-of-the-art techniques to evaluate the performance and robustness of the proposed approach.
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Wasnik, Pratyush, Asawari Kamble, Ritvik Remje, Adinath Uparkar, and Priyanka Sharma. "Protection of Induction Motor Using PLC." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 3273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42071.
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Abstract: Protection of an induction motor (IM) against possible problems, such as over voltage, over current, overload, over temperature, and under-voltage, occurring during its operation is very important, because it is used intensively in industry as an actuator. IMs can be protected using some components, such as timers, contactors, voltage, and current relays. This method is known as the classical method that is very basic and involves mechanical dynamic parts. Computer and programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection methods have eliminated most of the mechanical components. However, the computer-based protection method requires an analog to digital conversion (ADC) card, and the PIC-based protection method does not visualize the electrical parametersmeasured. In this study, for IMs, a new protection method based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) has been introduced. In this method, all contactors, timers, relays, and the conversion card are eliminated. Moreover, the voltages, the currents, the speed, and the temperature values of the motor, and the problems occurring in the system, are monitored and warning indicators are shown using colored LED’s. Experimental results show that the PLC-based protection method costs less, provides higher accuracy as well as a safe and visual environment compared with the classical, the computer, and the PIC-based protection systems. Keywords: programmable logic controller, induction motor, motor protection, ladder diagram, protection system
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Wannous, Toman, Jurák, and Wasserbauer. "Analysis of IEC 61850-9-2LE Measured Values Using a Neural Network." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091618.
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Process bus communication has an important role to digitalize substations. The IEC 61850-9-2 standard specifies the requirements to transmit digital data over Ethernet networks. The paper analyses the impact of IEC 61850-9-2LE on physical protections with (analog-digital) input data of voltage and current. With the increased interaction between physical devices and communication components, the test proposes a communication analysis for a substation with the conventional method (analog input) and digital method based on the IEC 61850 standard. The use of IEC 61850 as the basis for smart grids includes the use of merging units (MUs) and deployment of relays based on microprocessors. The paper analyses the merging unit's functions for relays using IEC 61850-9-2LE. The proposed method defines the sampled measured values source and analysis of the traffic. By using neural net pattern recognition that solves the pattern recognition problem, a relation between the inputs (number of samples/ms—interval time between the packets) and the source of the data is found. The benefit of this approach is to reduce the time to test the merging unit by getting the feedback from the merging unit and using the neural network to get the data structure of the publisher IED. Tests examine the GOOSE message and performance using the IEC standard based on a network traffic perspective.
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Bubanja, Iva, and Marijana Vidas-Bubanja. "Managing trade transactions in the covid era: The rise of e-commerce." Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness 12, no. 1 (2022): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jemc2201020b.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has widespread and long-lasting implications for the global economy causing general economic stagnation and crisis. Different industries and sectors strive to maintain the functioning of their business and stimulate companies to increasingly rely on the potential and power of digital technologies and network communications. In the trade sector, there was raising awareness about the importance of digitization and leveraging digital commerce as a strategic investment and competitive advantage. More and more trade companies started looking at digital channels not as an addition to their physical location but as a strategic source of long-term, sustained growth, which proved to be a significant boost for e-commerce all over the world. In this paper, B2B and B2C e-commerce segments are analyzed including current trends and dynamics, management of new business models, and expected implications of the latest digital technology innovations. Investments in new digital technologies tools and solutions in e-commerce had been driven by the need for frictionless shopping, personalization, and improved operational efficiency required by new-age customers. Experiences of the Serbian economy in e-commerce transactions are analyzed as well.
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Hussain, Noor, Yousef Khayat, Saeed Golestan, Mashood Nasir, Juan C. Vasquez, Josep M. Guerrero, and Kimmo Kauhaniemi. "AC Microgrids Protection: A Digital Coordinated Adaptive Scheme." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 7066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157066.
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A significant challenge for designing a coordinated and effective protection architecture of a microgrid (MG) is the aim of an efficient, reliable, and fast protection scheme for both the grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. To this end, bidirectional power flow, varying short-circuit power, low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability, and the plug-and-play characteristics of distributed generation units (DGUs), which are key issues in a MG system must be considered; otherwise, a mal-operation of protection devices (PDs) may occur. In this sense, a conventional protection system with a single threshold/setting may not be able to fully protect an MG system. To tackle this challenge, this work presents a comprehensive coordinated adaptive protection scheme for AC MGs that can tune their protection setting according to the system states and the operation mode, and is able to switch the PDs’ setting. In the first step of the proposed adaptive algorithm, an offline setting will be adopted for selective and sensitive fault detection, isolation, and coordination among proposed protective modules. As any change in the system is detected by the proposed algorithm in the online step, a new set of setting for proposed modules will be performed to adapt the settings accordingly. In this way, a new set of settings are adapted to maintain a fast and reliable operation, which covers selective, sensitive, and adaptive requirements. The pickup current (Ip) and time multiple settings (TMS) of directional over-current relays (DOCR), as well as coordinated time delays for the proposed protection scheme for both of the grid-connected and islanded modes of operation, are calculated offline. Then, an online adaptive protection scheme is proposed to detect different fault types in different locations. The simulation results show that the proposed method provides a coordinated reliable solution, which can detect and isolate fault conditions in a fast, selective and coordinated adaptive pattern.
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Mao, Ming Yi, Qian Mo, Qing Fu Huang, Zhi Cheng Chen, and Hao Han Qu. "A Resolution Design of the Energy Conservation Based on Energy Chip CS5460A in Home." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 1271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1271.
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Recently, the digital meters have much more development in the worldwide. The CS5460A is a single chip that can measures the energy, and provides the ideal cases for its high-integrated and high-precision. Not only the CS5460A can be applied to measure the power、energy、voltage and current, but also can be integrated with the MCU to avoid the power loss and over-wasted for conserving electric energy in the house. The paper introduces the system designation that it is the resolution of the house conservation energy. The system uses the CS5460A to measure the electric power that the house is costing, and then gets the extra electric power which the AT89S52 does read, at last controls the electrical equipments through the analysis of the power and the action of the relays.
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Eickeler, Felix, and André Borrmann. "Enhancing Railway Detection by Priming Neural Networks with Project Exaptations." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 5482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215482.
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When integrating railway constructions and refurbishments into an existing infrastructure, it is beneficial to have knowledge of the exact state, geometry, and placement of the connected assets. While new constructions and the maintenance of existing lines can directly use existing digital models and incorporate them into their processes, existing railways often predate digital technologies. This gap in digital models leaves the planning processes of new constructions and refurbishments to primarily rely on non-automated and analogue workflows. With a multitude of asset types, layouts and country-specific standards, the automatic generation of adequate detection models is complicated and needs to be tailored to the current project environment, generating considerable overhead. Addressing this issue, this paper presents the concept of priming. Priming increases the adaptation performance to highly volatile, low-data environments by leveraging previous, existing CAD projects. We introduce a translation scheme that converts the existing 3D models into realistic, project-specific, synthetic surveys and a complemental dialled-in training routine. When applied to a convolutional neural network, we show that the primed training will converge faster and with greater stability, especially when using sparse training data. Our experiments show that priming can reduce the time for network adaptation by over 50%, while also improving resilience to underrepresented object types.
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Barnett, Jonathan. "Antitrust Overreach: Undoing Cooperative Standardization in the Digital Economy." Michigan Technology Law Review, no. 25.2 (2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.36645/mtlr.25.2.antitrust.
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Information technology markets in general and wireless communications markets, in particular, rely on standardization mechanisms to develop interoperable devices for data processing, storage, and transmission. From 2G through the emergent 5G standard, wireless communications markets have largely achieved standardization through cooperative multi-firm arrangements that likely outperform the historically dominant alternatives of government monopoly, which is subject to informational deficits and regulatory capture, and private monopoly, which suffers from pricing and other distortions inherent to protected market positions. This cooperative process has successfully relied on three key legal elements: reasonably secure patents, quasi-contractual licensing commitments supplemented by reputation effects, and targeted application of antitrust safeguards against collusion risk. Over approximately the past decade, antitrust agencies and courts in the U.S., Europe and Asia have taken actions that threaten this legal infrastructure by limiting patentees’ ability to seek injunctive relief, adopting rigid understandings of “fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory” licensing principles, and addressing collusion risk among licensors-innovators while overlooking (and even exacerbating) collusion risk among licensees-implementers. These judicial and regulatory interventions in IP licensing markets shift value from firms and economies that specialize in generating innovations to firms and economies that specialize in integrating innovations into end-user products. These entity-level and country-level redistributive effects are illustrated by lobbying activities in the wireless communications markets and antitrust actions against IP licensors in jurisdictions that have substantial net IP deficits and are principally populated by IP licensees. Current antitrust policy promotes producers’ narrow interests in lower input costs while ignoring the broader public interest in preserving the cooperative standardization structures that have supported innovation and commercialization in the digital economy.
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Mahdi, Luay, and Qais Al-Gayem. "Design, simulation and testing of an array of nano electro mechanical switches (NEMS)." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp113-120.
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Electro mechanical switches used for multi-purposs applications with ultra small size in nano meter scale, operating in very small voltage in millivolts, approximately zero leakage current due to air gap separation between electrodes with three terminals that easy to control it. Nano electro mechanical switches are electronic switches similar to those used by conventional semiconductor switches in application as they can be used as relays, logic devices. The basic principle of nano electro mechanical switches is electronic switches operation is fundamentally different from semiconductor switches. They have many advantages over conventional semiconductor switches such as low-power digital logic applications, ability to work with very small voltage signals for low dynamic energy consumption, and durability against hostile environments such as high temperatures and radiation contaminated spaces. In this article, we will design, implement, and test a matrix of nano electro mechanical switches by on line test using the superposition theory. The simulations of these switches were implemented using the MATLAB-Simulink and ORCAD Pspice environments. Also, controlling the flow of current was achieved by means of a nanometer movement to make or break the physical contact between the electrodes.
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Khavari, Saeid, Rahman Dashti, Hamid Reza Shaker, and Athila Santos. "High Impedance Fault Detection and Location in Combined Overhead Line and Underground Cable Distribution Networks Equipped with Data Loggers." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092331.
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Power distribution networks are vulnerable to different faults, which compromise the grid performance and need to be managed effectively. Automatic and accurate fault detection and location are key components of effective fault management. This paper proposes a new framework for fault detection and location for smart distribution networks that are equipped with data loggers. The framework supports networks with mixed overhead lines and underground cables. The proposed framework consists of area detection, faulty section identification, and high impedance fault location. Firstly, the faulty zone and section are detected based on the operation of over-current relays and digital fault recorders. Then, by comparing the recorded traveling times at both ends of lines, which are related to the protection zone, the faulty line is identified. In the last step, the location of the fault is estimated based on discrete wavelet transform. The proposed method is tested on a 20 kV 13 node network, which is composed of overhead lines and underground cables. The method is tested in both balanced and unbalanced configurations. The obtained results confirm the advantages of the proposed method compared with the current state-of-the art.
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HUNTER, T. R., R. W. WILSON, R. KIMBERK, P. S. LEIKER, N. A. PATEL, R. BLUNDELL, R. D. CHRISTENSEN, et al. "THE DIGITAL MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY ANTENNAS." Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 02, no. 01 (September 2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251171713500025.
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We describe the design and performance of the digital servo and motion control system for the 6-meter parabolic antennas of the Submillimeter Array (SMA) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The system is divided into three nested layers operating at a different, appropriate bandwidth. (1) A rack-mounted, real-time Unix system runs the position loop which reads the high resolution azimuth and elevation encoders and sends velocity and acceleration commands at 100 Hz to a custom-designed servo control board (SCB). (2) The microcontroller-based SCB reads the motor axis tachometers and implements the velocity loop by sending torque commands to the motor amplifiers at 558 Hz. (3) The motor amplifiers implement the torque loop by monitoring and sending current to the three-phase brushless drive motors at 20 kHz. The velocity loop uses a traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm, while the position loop uses only a proportional term and implements a command shaper based on the Gauss error function. Calibration factors and software filters are applied to the tachometer feedback prior to the application of the servo gains in the torque computations. All of these parameters are remotely adjustable in the software. The three layers of the control system monitor each other and are capable of shutting down the system safely if a failure or anomaly occurs. The Unix system continuously relays the antenna status to the central observatory computer via reflective memory. In each antenna, a Palm Vx hand controller displays the complete system status and allows full local control of the drives in an intuitive touchscreen user interface. The hand controller can also be connected outside the cabin, a major convenience during the frequent reconfigurations of the interferometer. Excellent tracking performance (~ 0.3′′ rms) is achieved with this system. It has been in reliable operation on 8 antennas for over 10 years and has required minimal maintenance.
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Marshall, Dominique. "Ethical Traditions in Humanitarian Photography and the Challenges of the Digital Age." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.067.
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As the production, content and display of humanitarian images faced the requirements of digital media, humanitarian organizations struggled to keep equitable visual practices. Media specialists reflect on past and current uses of images in four Canadian agencies: the Canadian Red Cross, the Multicultural Council of Saskatchewan, the World University Service of Canada and IMPACT. Historically, the risk to reproduce the global inequalities they seek to remedy has compelled photographers, filmmakers and publicists in these agencies to develop codes of visual practice. In these conversations, they have shared the insights gained in transforming their work to accompany the rise of new digital technologies and social media. From one agency to the other, the lines of concern and of innovation converge. On the technical side, the officers speak of the advantage of telling personal stories, and of using short videos and infographics. On the organizational side, they have updated ways to develop skills in media production and visual literacy among workers, volunteers, partners and recipients, at all levels of their activity. These interviews further reveal that Communications Officers share with historians a wish to collect, preserve and tell past histories that acknowledge the role of all actors in the humanitarian sphere, as well as an immediate need to manage the abundance of visual documents with respect and method. To face these challenges, the five interviewees rely on democratic traditions of image-making: the trusted relationships, both with the Canadian public and with local peoples abroad, which have always informed the production and the content of visual assets. For this reason, humanitarian publicists might be in a privileged position to intervene in larger and urgent debates over the moral economy of the circulation of digital images in a globalized public space.
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Estrela, Vania V. "DICOM’s Standardization in Histo-Pathology." Medical Technologies Journal 4, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/2572-004x-vol4iss3p578-579.
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Background: The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard helps to represent, store, and to exchange healthcare images associated with its data. DICOM develops over time and is continuously adapted to match the rigors of new clinical demands and technologies. An uphill battle in this regard is to conciliate new software programs with legacy systems.
Methods: This work discusses the essential aspects of the standard and assesses its capabilities and limitations in a multisite, multivendor healthcare system aiming at Whole Slicing Image (WSI) procedures. Selected relevant DICOM attributes help to develop and organize WSI applications that extract and handle image data, integrated patient records, and metadata. DICOM must also interface with proprietary file formats, clinical metadata and from different laboratory information systems. Standard DICOM validation tools to measure encoding, storing, querying and retrieval of medical data can verify the generated DICOM files over the web.
Results: This work investigates the current regulations and recommendations for the use of DICOM with WSI data. They rely mostly on the EU guidelines that help envision future needs and extensions based on new examination modalities like concurrent use of WSI with in-vitro imaging and 3D WSI.
Conclusion: A DICOM file format and communication protocol for pathology has been defined. However, adoption by vendors and in the field is pending. DICOM allows efficient access and prompt availability of WSI data as well as associated metadata. By leveraging a wealth of existing infrastructure solutions, the use of DICOM facilitates enterprise integration and data exchange for digital pathology. In the future, the DICOM standard will have to address several issues due to the way samples are gathered and encompassing new imaging technologies.
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Obretin, Alexandru Marius. "Infrastructure free indoor positioning system." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2020-0013.
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AbstractLatest technological advancement uncovered new social and entrepreneurial opportunities in fields like civil engineering and facility management. While most outdoor location challenges have been addressed in the past few years, with declassified military technologies such as Motion Imagery Standards Board and North Atlantic Treaty Organization Digital Motion Imagery Standard being integrated into solutions that enhance real-time emulation of surveillance video streams over digital maps, there is plenty of room for innovation when indoor location is considered. The market associated to indoor positioning is expected to significantly grow in the following decade since people spend more and more time indoors and promising advantages of such technologies have been identified in healthcare, retail, logistics and leisure. Yet, conventional indoor positioning systems mostly rely on costly and difficult to maintain infrastructure. Discordantly, the hereby paper is introducing an infrastructure free indoor positioning web application designed for routing people inside facilities and building evacuation scenarios. The proposed architecture is independent on external hardware or beacons, relying on a generic sensors framework that exposes the underlying capabilities of a mobile phone for data collection and internet connection for assessing current location and providing guidance in respect with an already known topography. Therefore, this design might be easily extended to various facilities, individualizing through no initial costs for sensors deployment and light resource consumption for the user, since data is not processed on a native application. Such flexibility is considered to optimize the navigation inside large public places and reduce the time required to find products, people or shops, offering the users more time for what matters.
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Schich, Sebastian. "Do Fintech and Cryptocurrency Initiatives Make Banks Less Special?" Business and Economic Research 9, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i4.15720.
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Banks as a group have traditionally been considered “special” in the sense of meriting the full set of provisions of the financial safety net. The specific motivations for that view have evolved over time, although it owes more to a specific combination of economic functions performed as opposed to any particular function. These functions include offering transaction accounts redeemable in cash on demand, providing liquidity, and serving as conduits for payments and monetary policy transmission. Recent developments suggest however that almost all of the individual economic functions performed by banks can in fact be provided in unbundled form by Fintech initiatives, in some cases more rapidly, at lower fees, and via more streamlined digital interfaces. One important exception remains monetary policy transmission. For the performance of this function, policy makers and central bankers have reserved a privileged role for banks. A radical departure from the current fractional reserve system would be required to unbundle that function and separate money from the banking system, and some private cryptocurrencies have been proposed with the explicit intent to change the nature of money. So far, the present article concludes such initiatives remain marginal, so that banks as a group remain “special”. This observation owes much to the fact that central banks rely on the capacity of the banking system to create money and provide the economy with adequate liquidity and, despite occasional financial crises, have concluded that the efficiency of the current system outweighs the associated costs.
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Lee, Liza, Mireille Desroches, Shamir Mukhi, and Christina Bancej. "FluWatchers: Evaluation of a crowdsourced influenza-like illness surveillance application for Canadian influenza seasons 2015–2016 to 2018–2019." Canada Communicable Disease Report 47, no. 09 (September 10, 2021): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i09a02.
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Background: Sentinel influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance is an essential component of a comprehensive influenza surveillance program. Community-based ILI surveillance systems that rely solely on sentinel healthcare practices omit important segments of the population, including those who do not seek medical care. Participatory surveillance, which relies on community participation in surveillance, may address some limitations of traditional ILI systems. Objective: We aimed to evaluate FluWatchers, a crowdsourced ILI application developed to complement and complete ILI surveillance in Canada. Methods: Using established frameworks for surveillance evaluations, we assessed the acceptability, reliability, accuracy and usefulness of the FluWatchers system 2015–2016, through 2018–2019. Evaluation indicators were compared against national surveillance indicators of ILI and of laboratory confirmed respiratory virus infections. Results: The acceptability of FluWatchers was demonstrated by growth of 50%–100% in season-over-season participation, and a consistent season-over-season retention of 80%. Reliability was greater for FluWatchers than for our traditional ILI system, although both systems had week-over-week fluctuations in the number of participants responding. FluWatchers’ ILI rates had moderate correlation with weekly influenza laboratory detection rates and other winter seasonal respiratory virus detections including respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal coronaviruses. Finally, FluWatchers has demonstrated its usefulness as a source of core FluWatch surveillance information and has the potential to fill data gaps in current programs for influenza surveillance and control. Conclusion: FluWatchers is an example of an innovative digital participatory surveillance program that was created to address limitations of traditional ILI surveillance in Canada. It fulfills the surveillance system evaluation criteria of acceptability, reliability, accuracy and usefulness.
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Kelly, Jaimon T., Katrina L. Campbell, Enying Gong, and Paul Scuffham. "The Internet of Things: Impact and Implications for Health Care Delivery." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): e20135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20135.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of wireless, interrelated, and connected digital devices that can collect, send, and store data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The IoT promises many benefits to streamlining and enhancing health care delivery to proactively predict health issues and diagnose, treat, and monitor patients both in and out of the hospital. Worldwide, government leaders and decision makers are implementing policies to deliver health care services using technology and more so in response to the novel COVID-19 pandemic. It is now becoming increasingly important to understand how established and emerging IoT technologies can support health systems to deliver safe and effective care. The aim of this viewpoint paper is to provide an overview of the current IoT technology in health care, outline how IoT devices are improving health service delivery, and outline how IoT technology can affect and disrupt global health care in the next decade. The potential of IoT-based health care is expanded upon to theorize how IoT can improve the accessibility of preventative public health services and transition our current secondary and tertiary health care to be a more proactive, continuous, and coordinated system. Finally, this paper will deal with the potential issues that IoT-based health care generates, barriers to market adoption from health care professionals and patients alike, confidence and acceptability, privacy and security, interoperability, standardization and remuneration, data storage, and control and ownership. Corresponding enablers of IoT in current health care will rely on policy support, cybersecurity-focused guidelines, careful strategic planning, and transparent policies within health care organizations. IoT-based health care has great potential to improve the efficiency of the health system and improve population health.
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Alia, Mohammad, and Khaled Suwais. "Improved Steganography Scheme based on Fractal Set." International Arab Journal of Information Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34028/iajit/17/1/15.
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Steganography is the art of hiding secret data inside digital multimedia such as image, audio, text and video. It plays a significant role in current trends for providing secure communication and guarantees accessibility of secret information by authorised parties only. The Least-Significant Bit (LSB) approach is one of the important schemes in steganography. The majority of LSB-based schemes suffer from several problems due to distortion in a limited payload capacity for stego-image. In this paper, we have presented an alternative steganographic scheme that does not rely on cover images as in existing schemes. Instead, the image which includes the secure hidden data is generated as an image of a curve. This curve is resulted from a series of computation that is carried out over the mathematical chaotic fractal sets. The new scheme aims at improving the data concealing capacity, since it achieves limitless concealing capacity and disposes of the likelihood of the attackers to realise any secret information from the resulted stego-image. From the security side, the proposed scheme enhances the level of security as the scheme depends on the exact matching between secret information and the generated fractal (Mandelbrot-Julia) values. Accordingly, a key stream is created based on these matches. The proposed scheme is evaluated and tested successfully from different perspectives
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Velazquez Manana, Ana I., Inas Abuali, Juan J. Rodriguez Vargas, Minira Aslanova, Yaniris Molina Aponte, Yaideliz Romero Ramos, and Narjust Duma. "Digital footprint of hematology-oncology fellowship programs: Identifying gaps after the first virtual recruitment season." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11003.
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11003 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented restrictions to travel and in-person activities that limit hematology/oncology (HO) fellowship programs’ (FP) recruitment activities. Prospective applicants rely on websites and social media (SOME) to guide their decisions of applying or ranking a FP. We aim to evaluate HO FP’s digital footprint in order to identify informational gaps. Methods: The AMA Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) was queried for all HO programs. We searched Google, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube for HO FP pages. Content was evaluated using published criteria. Qualitative content analysis of SOME posts is planned. Results: Our analysis includes 176 FP that actively recruited during the 2020 match season. Over half (57%, n = 100) were university-based and the median number of fellow positions per year was 4 per FP (range 0-16). Most FP had websites (95%, n = 167) with varying information (Table) for prospective applicants. Twenty percent (n = 33) included a diversity statement. While 63% (n = 106) of FP provided application information, only 51% discussed visa requirements. Few FP websites included key information such as why fellows chose a particular FP (7%, n = 12), accolades of fellows (3%, n = 5), or employment location of alumni (25%, n = 44). Only 42% (n = 69) provided city, and 5% (n = 8) showed fellows socializing. Thirty-four FP (19%) have informational videos (range 1-10) in YouTube (length range: 1:37-18:15min). Most (82%; n = 28) were published since May 2020 in alignment with the FP recruitment season. Twitter was the second most common SOME platform, used by 19% (n = 32) of FP. 56% (n = 18) joined Twitter since May 2020 correlating with the current recruitment season. The number of Twitter followers (median 119, range: 0-1408) and posts (median 47, range: 0-687) varied across FP. Only 4% used Facebook and 6% Instagram. Conclusions: Our analysis of FP’s digital footprint revealed that applicants participating in the 1st virtual HO recruitment season were provided limited online information. Programs can use online content to provide information on resources, research opportunities, and achievements of faculty and fellows that can guide applicant decision making. In the era of COVID-19, highlighting the diversity and breath of each FP, hospital, and city are vital to attract a diverse and talented pool of trainees.[Table: see text]
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Morera, Carrie Champ, Alicia Carrillo, Cecil R. Reynolds, and Robert J. McCaffrey. "A-198 An Examination of the Equivalence of the in-Person and Remote Administration of the Identi-fi: A Test of Visual Organization and Recognition." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.216.
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Abstract Objective As psychologists rely more on technology while navigating the digital world, we must adapt existing assessment tools. In response to this need, a process was designed for conducting remote administration of the Identi-Fi: A Test of Visual Organization and Recognition (Reynolds & McCaffrey, 2020), which measures visual organizational ability through Visual Recognition and Visual Matching tasks. Our current study evaluates the equivalence between remote, online administration and traditional, in-person administration of the Identi-Fi. Method This is a paired case control study in which 106 participants were administered the Identi-Fi in an online, remote format over a videoconferencing platform, following a specific procedure to retain the validity of scores. These individuals were matched based on sex, age group, and race/ethnicity with participants from the standardization sample of the Identi-Fi, which was administered in-person. Results Independent-samples t-tests were conducted and determined there were no significant differences in the subtest T scores between the in-person and remote administration formats. Additionally, index scores between the in-person (M = 99.74, SD = 10.32) and remote (M = 97.18, SD = 12.54) administrations were similar and not statistically significant, t(210) = −1.621, p = 0.11. Effect size estimates (Cohen’s d and omega squared) for all t-tests were small, indicating no significant effects across the remote and in-person administration of the Identi-Fi. Conclusions The present study suggests that all subtests on the Identi-Fi, when given in the remote, online format in the specified procedure evaluated in this study, are generally equivalent, and examiners can use the norms of the traditional test.
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Baumeler, Carmen, Sonja Engelage, and Alexandra Strebel. "The Dilemmas of Flexibilisation of Vocational Education and Training: A Case Study of the Piano Makers." International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 8, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.1.6.
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Context: Dual VET systems are often praised for their labour market proximity because of economic stakeholders’ involvement. However, when labour market requirements change rapidly, a lack of flexibility is attributed to them. This occurs in times of fast socio-technological change like the current digital transformation. A repeatedly proposed measure to increase system flexibility is to reduce the number of occupations and create broader occupational profiles, for example, by combining similar occupations into so-called occupational fields. However, little is known about actually establishing occupational fields.Approach: Against this backdrop, we address the following research question: How was an occupational field created? As Switzerland attempted to merge occupations over a decade ago, we selected an information-rich and illuminative case concerning the research question: The piano makers’ occupation as one of the first occupations required to merge into an occupational field called musical instrument makers together with organ builders and wind instrument makers. Based on a qualitative case study, we reconstruct the process of occupational field construction by combining expert interviews with comprehensive document analysis and present its narrative.Findings: Based on this case study, we contribute to the understanding of VET flexibilisation by detailing occupational field creation and identifying opportunities and challenges. Here, we pay special attention to the institutional work of the affected occupational association and identify the importance of preserving its collective occupational identity. Although regulatory changes disrupted the piano makers’ occupation, the occupational association reinstitutionalised it as part of the musical instrument makers’ occupational field. Over a decade later, the piano makers reintroduced their former occupational title, which is deeply connected to their occupational identity. Conclusion: The results indicate that VET reforms that promote flexibilisation by creating occupational fields encounter serious limitations in collectively governed dual VET systems. In the Swiss system, occupational associations are core collective actors that rely on their members’ voluntary work. To maintain these economic stakeholders’ necessary commitment to VET, their collective occupational identity, symbolized by their long-standing occupational title, needs to be preserved.
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Darabkh, Khalid, Iyad F. Jafar, Raed T. Al-Zubi, and Mohammed Hawa. "A New Image Steganographic Approach for Secure Communication Based on LSB Replacement Method." Information Technology And Control 44, no. 3 (September 24, 2015): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.3.8949.
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With the development of internet technologies and communication services, message transmissions over the internet still have to face all kinds of security problems. Hence, how to protect secret messages during transmission becomes a challenging issue for most of current researchers. It is worth mentioning that many applications in computer science and other related fields rely on steganography and watermarking techniques to ensure information safety during communication. Unlike cryptography that focuses on scrambling the secret message so that it cannot be understood, the main objective of steganography and watermarking is to communicate securely in such a way that the hidden data are not visible to the observer. In other words, it seeks for the imperceptibility of stego-images quality to an unintended party through embedding efficiently the secret message in a digital media such as image, video, or audio. In this paper, we propose a new steganographic method to embed the secret data inside a cover image based on least-significant-bit (LSB) replacement method. The embedding process predominantly concentrates on distributing the secret message inside one share of a color image to appear like a 3D geometric shape that is constructed according to well-analyzed geometric equations. The dimensions of the geometric shape are determined pursuant to the size of secret message. Data distribution process makes our method to be of a great interest as of being so difficult for the hackers or intruders to reconstruct the shape from stego-images, thereby the security is improved. Furthermore, we compare the performance of our approach with two other relevant approaches in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and payload. The contribution of our approach was immensely impressive.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.3.8949
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Kende, Michael, Sonia Livingstone, Scott Minehane, Michael Minges, Simon Molloy, and George Sciadas. "GLOBAL CONNECTIVTY REPORT 2022. CHAPTER 2. THE JOURNEY TO UNIVERSAL AND MEANINGFUL CONNECTIVITY." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 8, no. 3 (2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2022-8-3-29-37.
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The Global Connectivity Report 2022 takes stock of the progress in digital connectivity over the past three decades. It provides a detailed assessment of the current state of connectivity and how close the world is to achieving universal and meaningful connectivity, using a unique analytical framework. It goes on to showcase solutions and good practices to accelerate progress. The second part of the report consists of seven thematic deep dives on infrastructure, affordability, financing, the pandemic, regulation, youth, and data. Chapter 2 relies on the framework for universal and meaningful connectivity and the associated targets for 2030, developed by ITU and the Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Technology, to analyse the current state of digital connectivity globally and progress towards reaching the targets by 2030. The framework considers usage by various stakeholders (universal dimension of connectivity) and the five enablers of connectivity (meaningful dimension of connectivity): infrastructure, device, affordability, skills, and safety and security. The assessment reveals that the world is still far from universal and meaningful connectivity. Infrastructure needs to be rolled out or improved to bridge the coverage gap. There are still significant differences between and within countries in network availability and quality. Fixed broadband is a costly investment and is not available or is unaffordable for many. Mobile broadband offers greater flexibility and is less expensive, and most rely on this technology to go online. But in many rural areas of developing countries, only 3G is available, when meaningful connectivity requires 4G. The coverage gap, currently at 5%, is dwarfed by the usage gap: 32% of people who are within range of a mobile broadband network and could therefore connect, remain offline. Data compiled by ITU make it possible to classify the offline population based on who they are and where they live. The main reasons cited by people for not using the Internet are the lack of affordability, of awareness about the Internet, of need, as well as the inability to use the Internet. Globally, connectivity became more expensive in 2021 due to the global economic downturn triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. After years of steady decline, the share of income spent on telecommunication and Internet services increased in 2021. The global median price of an entry-level broadband plan in the majority of countries amounts to more than 2% of the gross national income per capita, which is the affordability threshold set by the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development. People should not be forced to use the Internet. However, evidence suggests that introducing people to the Internet usually entices them to stay online. Based on activities people reported, use of the Internet leads to an improved social life, with the use of social networks, making Internet calls and streaming video the most common activities.
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Ormrod, David, and Benjamin Turnbull. "Developing a Military Cyber Maturity Model for Multi-Domain Battle Mission Resilience and Success." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 7, no. 4 (October 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2017100101.
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Modern military forces rely heavily on cyber-enabled systems; for logistics, communication, and control. Modern military platforms are heavily integrated with computing capability. This integration and reliance will only increase over time. Modern military operations require the support of flexible, responsive and resilient cyber-capabilities. Current information system security models and information assurance constructs seek to achieve information assurance, a high degree of certainty in the confidentiality, integrity and availability of cyber-systems supporting combat operations. However, this approach assumes that an information assurance approach is a complete and comprehensive defense. History though, has proven otherwise. This work argues that the information assurance approach, whilst a worthy goal, is not reflective of the lessons of history or warfare. Specifically, this work outlines the need for, and introduces The Military Cyber-Maturity Model, a pragmatic model that assumes a technically capable and intelligent adversary. This model assumes the possibility of an adversary utilizing an unknown vulnerability to attack the system, and expends resources to minimise the impact of the successful attack rather than relying entirely on an impregnable defense. This approach extends beyond the assumption that a cyber-attack immediately causes mission failure, by recognizing that each cyber-attack has different requirements and outcomes and will affect different assets and processes. The Military Cyber-Maturity Model seeks to model business continuity through a high degree of cultural change, embedded work practices that parallel analogue and digital work practices with deceptive counterintelligence behavior. The Military Cyber-Maturity Model incorporates the concepts of behavioral defense and mission assurance to provide agility and increase the likelihood of success in combat. Information deception provides a behavioral defense, creating uncertainty and doubt in the adversary's mind and reducing the degree of trust they have in the information available. This paper introduces the model, outlines its aims, components and justifications. This work also outlines the need for simulation and testing to validate the model's effectiveness, and introduces a number of potential use-cases.
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Wu, Chao-Yi, Deanne Tibbitts, Zachary Beattie, Hiroko H. Dodge, Tomasz M. Beer, Daniel Marks, Jackilen Shannon, Jeffrey Kaye, and Kerri M. Winters-Stone. "Continuous unobtrusive assessment of meaningful change in older adults with cancer: The Pacific Aging & Cancer Study Collaborative—PACS collaborative." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1569.
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1569 Background: Knowledge of changes in health that precede a cancer diagnosis is challenging because of a lack of longitudinal, objective measurement techniques. Current approaches rely on periodic assessment via self-report which may miss when and how health changes, particularly when changes may appear subtly over time. Remote-monitoring technologies provide a mechanism to continuously, passively, and unobtrusively monitor changes in health so that trajectories of change in relation to a life event (i.e., cancer diagnosis, treatment) can be detected and described. We examined the changes in digital indicators of health and life events 1 year before and after a self-reported cancer diagnosis in community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older. Methods: This is a secondary, retrospective data analysis of older adults who self-reported a new cancer diagnosis in the Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH) cohort. Ten older adults (age = 71.8±4.9 years, 30% women) were included with various cancer types (esophageal, prostate, uterine, pancreatic, b-cell follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, basal cell melanoma, basal and/or squamous cell carcinoma). Daily physical activity was measured using step counts derived from an actigraph watch. Weekly health and life events (pain severity, loneliness, hospitalization/emergency room (ER) visits, days away from home overnight) were self-reported from weekly online surveys. Results: A total of 3,624 days of actigraphy data (210 ± 88 days pre-cancer; 153 ± 81 days post-cancer) and 750 weeks of self-reported online survey data (36 ± 12 weeks pre-cancer; 39 ± 14 weeks post-cancer) were collected. Longitudinal linear mixed-effects models revealed that the trajectory of step counts was different pre- and post-cancer (β = -1.52, p <.001), with a gradual decrease in step counts before a cancer diagnosis. The trajectory of pain severity was different pre- and post-cancer (β = 0.01, p <.001), with a gradual increase in pain severity before a cancer diagnosis. There was a gradual increase in the occurrence of hospitalization/ER visits (OR = 1.07, p = 0.02) and days away from home overnight (OR = 1.04, p = 0.01) before a cancer diagnosis. Feelings of loneliness increased over time, regardless of pre- or post-cancer (OR = 1.04, p <.001). Conclusions: Changes in health and life events 1-year before a cancer diagnosis in older adults with varying cancer types and severity were unobtrusively observed. This study suggests that a remote-monitoring technology platform deployed in homes can detect meaningful intra-individual changes before and after a cancer diagnosis. Future studies can employ this technology as a pathway for improving the timeliness of detection and more effective therapeutic follow-up for older adults.
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Milligan, Ian. "Lost in the Infinite Archive: The Promise and Pitfalls of Web Archives." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 10, no. 1 (March 2016): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2016.0161.
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Contemporary and future historians need to grapple with and confront the challenges posed by web archives. These large collections of material, accessed either through the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine or through other computational methods, represent both a challenge and an opportunity to historians. Through these collections, we have the potential to access the voices of millions of non-elite individuals (recognizing of course the cleavages in both Web access as well as method of access). To put this in perspective, the Old Bailey Online currently describes its monumental holdings of 197,745 trials between 1674 and 1913 as the “largest body of texts detailing the lives of non-elite people ever published.” GeoCities.com, a platform for everyday web publishing in the mid-to-late 1990s and early 2000s, amounted to over thirty-eight million individual webpages. Historians will have access, in some form, to millions of pages: written by everyday people of various classes, genders, ethnicities, and ages. While the Web was not a perfect democracy by any means – it was and is unevenly accessed across each of those categories – this still represents a massive collection of non-elite speech. Yet a figure like thirty-eight million webpages is both a blessing and a curse. We cannot read every website, and must instead rely upon discovery tools to find the information that we need. Yet these tools largely do not exist for web archives, or are in a very early state of development: what will they look like? What information do historians want to access? We cannot simply map over web tools optimized for discovering current information through online searches or metadata analysis. We need to find information that mattered at the time, to diverse and very large communities. Furthermore, web pages cannot be viewed in isolation, outside of the networks that they inhabited. In theory, amongst corpuses of millions of pages, researchers can find whatever they want to confirm. The trick is situating it into a larger social and cultural context: is it representative? Unique? In this paper, “Lost in the Infinite Archive,” I explore what the future of digital methods for historians will be when they need to explore web archives. Historical research of periods beginning in the mid-1990s will need to use web archives, and right now we are not ready. This article draws on first-hand research with the Internet Archive and Archive-It web archiving teams. It draws upon three exhaustive datasets: the large Web ARChive (WARC) files that make up Wide Web Scrapes of the Web; the metadata-intensive WAT files that provide networked contextual information; and the lifted-straight-from-the-web guerilla archives generated by groups like Archive Team. Through these case studies, we can see – hands-on – what richness and potentials lie in these new cultural records, and what approaches we may need to adopt. It helps underscore the need to have humanists involved at this early, crucial stage.
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Adisu Fanta, Bate, and Balawi Ayman. "Social Media as Effective Tool for Understanding Customer Experience: A Systematized Review." Marketing & Menedzsment 55, no. 4 (February 25, 2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/mm.2021.55.04.02.
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THE AIMS OF THE PAPER
Social media play an indispensable role in utilizing, building, and promoting companies' brands and communicating customer's experience in the current digital age. However, literature has not sufficiently addressed how social media could be utilized to understand customer experience. This paper, hence, aims to describe the roles and importance of social media in knowing about customers experience and offers tips for companies on how to select, target, and deliver the right content for the social media platforms at all touch points along their purchasing journey.
METHODOLOGY
The systematized review (SR) method was followed to trace out & analyze the data. The EBSCO discovery of science was utilized to search for articles. Among the databases in it, emphasis was given to academic search complete, business source premium & science direct. Out of the total (289) search query results, over forty-five articles were synthesized after imposing limiters, removing duplicates, and imposing none-business settings.
MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS
Social media is a multi-purpose tool that offers services ranging from brand awareness creation, advertisement, product sales information, to soliciting post-purchase customers' experience and then catalyzes two-way communication between marketers and users. Its effectiveness depends not only on selecting social media and posting at the right time but also on designing the right content based on the nature of a product: hedonic or functional. The social media content of hedonic products, consumed for enjoyment and luxury purposes, has more customer reactions than functional products consumed as common goods. Besides, as customers rely more on other customers' reviews, user-generated content is more valuable than firm-generated content, especially for hedonic products. Thus, the content-product-media match must find its proper place. Additionally, the authors elaborated on the relationship between 4 touching points (brand-owned, partner-owned, customer-owned, social/independent, based on (Verhoef and Lemon 2016) and 3 stages of the purchase process (pre-purchase, during purchase, post-purchase).
RECOMMENDATIONS
Customer experience analysis should include all affective, physical, cognitive, sensorial, emotional, and social responses of customers towards brands. A company also needs to identify and, thoroughly, keep tracing customers' reactions at all touchpoints in all purchase journey phases using tools like 'SentiStrength' and 'Weka software'. It should be a top priority for management. They should place a responsible person or team to utilize social media and collect data on customer's experience in a separate IT-supported office.
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Rodriguez-Miranda, Alvaro, Patricia Ferreira-Lopes, Gorka Martín-Etxebarria, and Jaione Korro Bañuelos. "Linear programming for the analysis and virtual recreation of historical events: the allocation of the artillery during the Siege of Bilbao in 1874." Virtual Archaeology Review 12, no. 25 (July 14, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2021.15278.
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<p class="VARAbstract">The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer scientists.</p><p><strong>Highlights:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow studying past events through the recreation of the geographical space and the interactions between the elements.</p></li><li><p>Linear programming can be a suitable option to include actors’ reasoning as a part of the modelling process.</p></li><li><p>The usefulness of the system models also enables the identification of critical issues, testing alternative scenarios and sharing information.</p></li></ul>
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Taneja, Sonia L., Monica Passi, Sumona Bhattacharya, Samuel A. Schueler, Sandeep Gurram, and Christopher Koh. "Social Media and Research Publication Activity During Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Trend Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): e26956. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26956.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of rapid dissemination of scientific and medical discoveries. Current platforms available for the distribution of scientific and clinical research data and information include preprint repositories and traditional peer-reviewed journals. In recent times, social media has emerged as a helpful platform to share scientific and medical discoveries. Objective This study aimed to comparatively analyze activity on social media (specifically, Twitter) and that related to publications in the form of preprint and peer-reviewed journal articles in the context of COVID-19 and gastroenterology during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods COVID-19–related data from Twitter (tweets and user data) and articles published in preprint servers (bioRxiv and medRxiv) as well as in the PubMed database were collected and analyzed during the first 6 months of the pandemic, from December 2019 through May 2020. Global and regional geographic and gastrointestinal organ–specific social media trends were compared to preprint and publication activity. Any relationship between Twitter activity and preprint articles published and that between Twitter activity and PubMed articles published overall, by organ system, and by geographic location were identified using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Results Over the 6-month period, 73,079 tweets from 44,609 users, 7164 journal publications, and 4702 preprint publications were retrieved. Twitter activity (ie, number of tweets) peaked in March 2020, whereas preprint and publication activity (ie, number of articles published) peaked in April 2020. Overall, strong correlations were identified between trends in Twitter activity and preprint and publication activity (P<.001 for both). COVID-19 data across the three platforms mainly concentrated on pulmonology or critical care, but when analyzing the field of gastroenterology specifically, most tweets pertained to pancreatology, most publications focused on hepatology, and most preprints covered hepatology and luminal gastroenterology. Furthermore, there were significant positive associations between trends in Twitter and publication activity for all gastroenterology topics (luminal gastroenterology: P=.009; hepatology and inflammatory bowel disease: P=.006; gastrointestinal endoscopy: P=.007), except pancreatology (P=.20), suggesting that Twitter activity did not correlate with publication activity for this topic. Finally, Twitter activity was the highest in the United States (7331 tweets), whereas PubMed activity was the highest in China (1768 publications). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the potential of social media as a vehicle for disseminating scientific information during a public health crisis. Sharing and spreading information on COVID-19 in a timely manner during the pandemic has been paramount; this was achieved at a much faster pace on social media, particularly on Twitter. Future investigation could demonstrate how social media can be used to augment and promote scholarly activity, especially as the world begins to increasingly rely on digital or virtual platforms. Scientists and clinicians should consider the use of social media in augmenting public awareness regarding their scholarly pursuits.
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Sweeney, A. M. T., J. Robson, C. Flurey, P. Richards, C. Mccabe, and M. Ndosi. "POS0158-HPR UNDERSTANDING NURSE-LED CARE IN EARLY RA: INTERVIEW STUDY WITH RHEUMATOLOGY NURSE SPECIALISTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 291.2–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.555.
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Background:Nurse-led care in early RA is not well defined in the literature and the current recommendations.Objectives:This study aimed to develop an understanding of what comprises nurse-led care in early RA from the perspective of rheumatology nurse specialists.Methods:This was a qualitative study using semi-structured telephone interviews with rheumatology nurse specialists in England (Summer 2020). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.[1]Results:Sixteen nurses were recruited and interviews lasted between 30 to 60 minutes. Seven themes were identified.Early disease managementCare was characterised by evidence-based RA management provided by experienced nurse specialists with a high degree of autonomy, in the context of a rheumatology multidisciplinary team. The aims of care were to: start treatment, keep in treatment, educate and support.’So treat to target...escalating treatment as necessary, and addressing any concerns that the patients might have’ (CNS14)Addressing psychosocial needsPatients with early RA experience shock, fear, anger, grief and denial while feeling unwell with pain and fatigue. Nurses use a holistic, person-centred and empathetic approach to address psychosocial needs, building a working relationship, listening and creating trust.’Because it all relates, and if they’re stressed because they’re not coping at work, then their arthritis isn’t going to be so good. So everything relates to one another really’ (CNS06)Monitoring treatment, disease impact and patient outcomesNurses monitor disease activity and disease impact using validated outcome measures and by asking questions during the consultation. Good outcomes are disease control, managing disease impact, medication and side effects, wellbeing and keeping in work.’When you get them stable, when you get them into remission, when they’re happy, when they’re feeling well, I think there’s lots of ways you can measure that’… (CNS13)Coordinating care, referring and signpostingNurses coordinate care, refer to other health professionals and signpost patients to relevant services and charities. Lack of access to psychology expertise was highlighted.‘And whilst most of us have got some degree of understanding of…self management, or psychology…we’re not psychologists’ (CNS02)Providing a ‘lifeline’Nurse-led telephone advice services provide a ‘lifeline’ for patients. If patients struggle, they can call and speak with a specialist who knows them and their RA well.’The advice line has been a lifeline to them, to be able to speak to someone, to be able to get a response quickly to their questions, they feel very well supported, they know that they can always call us’ (CNS16)Service evaluation and auditingThe individual clinics are reviewed regularly. Patients are asked for feedback on their experience of appointments, if their needs were met and about changes to the service....‘It’s really important to ask them initially what they expect to have from the consultation...We’ve always had really good feedback in general’… (CNS02)COVID-19 challenges and opportunitiesThe pandemic caused major disruptions to the services, prohibiting most face-to-face consultations which was an essential aspect of clinical assessments. Despite the challenges imposed by the pandemic, the services adapted fast, using telephone, video clinics and digital solutions, which streamlined procedures and improved documentation and communication.‘I do have to rely on them telling me what’s going on, because I can’t see it at the moment’ (CNS14)’With Covid we’re doing it over the telephone, and we’re getting them to watch the video [injection tutorial] before we have the appointment with them’ (CNS04)Conclusion:Nurse-led care in early arthritis is a specialist service, addressing complex needs of patients, using evidence based and person-centred approaches. Innovation and service improvement are seen as part of the role.References:[1]Braun V, Clarke V. Successful Qualitative Research. First edition. London: SAGE 2013.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Bhalja, Bhavesh, Pragnesh Shah, Balubhai Rakholia, and Jignesh Shah. "A New Digital Down Conductor Detection Scheme for Overhead Electrical Power Distribution Systems." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 12, no. 5 (October 14, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1553-779x.2782.
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Detection of down conductor faults in an overhead electrical power distribution system is extremely difficult by the conventional over current protection devices. This paper presents a new digital down conductor detection scheme which is based on the combination (AND logic) of the ratio of the negative sequence current to the positive sequence current and the value of under current during an actual down conductor condition. Real time implementation of the proposed scheme has been carried out on an existing Indian 11 kV, 3 Phase, 50 Hz power distribution system with the help of digital over current relay. At the end, a comparative evaluation of the proposed scheme with the scheme modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC software package is also presented. Both practical and simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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Sravani, P. Lakshmi. "Protection of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Embedded System." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 06, no. 04 (April 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem12619.
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This paper present a PIC microcontroller – based control system for the protection of a three phase induction motor. The use of microcontroller technology has enabled the design of energy efficient and cost effective reliable control systems for induction motors. Fault types of induction motor like unbalanced voltage, over voltage, under voltage, over current, phase failure, over heat and more considered in this work. Fault monitoring and diagnosis are performed using protest environment. Fault classification is achieved through the microcontroller which includes a program for fault classification. When the fault occurs, the microcontroller sends a signal to the interfaced digital relay to trip the motor circuit and another signal to an LCD to display the type of fault. The use of microcontroller reduce the response time of the protection system and make it more suitable for real time operation. The proposed protection scheme is simulated using MATLAB Simulink. MATLAB simulation results show that the well trained protest scheme is able to detect all types of internal faults at different locations. The microcontroller used in this work is the high performance enhanced flash PIC16F877A Microcontroller of microchip which has an on chip analogue to digital converter peripheral, among other features. Keywords: PIC microcontroller, three phase induction motor, fault classification, Proteus environment.
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Ayoub, Christian Habib, Jose M. El-Asmar, Suhaib Abdulfattah, and Albert El-Hajj. "Telemedicine and Telementoring in Urology: A Glimpse of the Past and a Leap Into the Future." Frontiers in Surgery 9 (February 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.811749.
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Telemedicine is the process of utilizing telecommunications and digital relay to perform, teach, or share medical knowledge. The digital era eased the incorporation of telemedicine to different areas of medical care, including the surgical care of Urologic patient mainly through telementoring, telesurgery, and telerobotics. Over the years, Telemedicine has played an integral part in a physicians' ability to provide high quality medical care to remote patients, as well as serve as an educational tool for trainee physicians, in the form of telementoring. During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has played a vital role in combatting the health implications of confinements. Challenges of telemedicine implementation include cost, ethical considerations, security, bandwidth, latency, legal, and licensure difficulties. Nevertheless, the future of telemedicine, specifically telementoring, promises several improvements and innovative advancements that aim to bridge the gap in technological divides of urologic care. In this review, we build on what is already known about telemedicine focusing specifically on aspects related to telementoring, telestration, and telesurgery. Furthermore, we discuss its historical role in healthcare with a special emphasis on current and future use in urology.
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Tzouganatou, Angeliki, and Jennifer Krueckeberg. "FROM MONOPOLIZING MEMORY TO CO-CREATING IT: OPENNESS AND EQUITY IN THE DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM." AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research, September 15, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/spir.v2021i0.12255.
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With the growing proliferation of digital media into the memory practices of cultural institutions and ordinary people, questions about a growing dependence on monopolistic technology companies on the creation, access and preservation of collective memory have emerged. For cultural institutions that rely on social media to boost their audience engagement, this also means that they lose part of their role as public educators, while ordinary people fear the loss of ownership over their personal memories. This paper proposes equitable approaches to the current digital ecosystem, that is built on the extraction and profit-making of personal data, that can be developed by looking beyond the current market, envisioning possibilities for related policies that could enable the re-design of the current memory ecosystem towards social inclusion. The argument is based on a combination of ethnographic research into initiatives that foster the openness of knowledge by enabling fair practices to be realized in the competitive sphere of the digital economy. Building upon work such as the MyData and the DECODE project, as well as enquiries into personal memory practices of youth living in Germany and the UK.
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Naresh, R. K., Sunil Kumar, M. Sharath Chandra, Shakti Om Pathak, S. K. Gupta, Sandeep Gawdiya, and Pradeep Kumar Singh. "Application of Digital Technologies for the Next Level of Agriculture Growth and Transformation under Changing the Indian Agriculture: A Critical Review." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, September 24, 2021, 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i830457.
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The rapid population growth has driven the demand for more food, fiber, energy, and water, which is associated to an increase in the need to use natural resources in a more sustainable way. The growing connectivity in the rural environment, in addition to its greater integration with data from sensor systems, remote sensors, equipment, and smart-phones have paved the way for new concepts from the so-called digital agriculture. The information that crops offer is turned into profitable decisions only when efficiently managed. Current advances in data management are making Smart Farming grow exponentially as data have become the key element in modern agriculture to help producers with critical decision-making. Valuable advantages appear with objective information acquired through sensors with the aim of maximizing productivity and sustainability. These kind of data-based managed farms rely on data that can increase efficiency by avoiding the misuse of resources and the pollution of the environment. Data-driven agriculture, with the help of robotic solutions incorporating artificial intelligent techniques, sets the grounds for the sustainable agriculture of the future. Digital agriculture offers far-reaching opportunities for accelerating agricultural transformation. Although there are concerns that digital agriculture will enhance the market power of large agribusiness enterprises and increase the digital divide, a combination of new actors and public action can help accelerate the supply of digital agricultural technology, manage threats of market concentration, and harness the opportunities of digital agriculture for all.
The agriculture industry has radically transformed over the past 50 years. Advances in machinery have expanded the scale, speed, and productivity of farm equipment, leading to more efficient cultivation of more land. Seed, irrigation, and fertilizers also have vastly improved, helping farmers increase yields. Now, agriculture is in the early days of yet another revolution, at the heart of which lie data and connectivity. Artificial intelligence, analytics, connected sensors, and other emerging technologies could further increase yields, improve the efficiency of water and other inputs, and build sustainability and resilience across crop cultivation and animal husbandry. This paper reviews the current status of advanced farm management systems by revisiting each crucial step, from data acquisition in crop fields to variable rate applications, so that growers can make optimized decisions to save money while protecting the environment and transforming how food will be produced to sustainably match the forthcoming population growth.