Relevant bibliographies by topics / Digital over-current relay

Academic literature on the topic 'Digital over-current relay'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Digital over-current relay"

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Leda, Jeremias, Simon Patabang, Trials Jusuf, and Dionisius Ardeni. "Desain dan Implementasi Stopwatch Digital pada Kegiatan Praktikum Over-Current Relay." Batara Wisnu : Indonesian Journal of Community Services 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53363/bw.v2i1.135.

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The use of a digital stopwatch as a timer for the overcurrent relay is important in order to know the operating time characteristics of the overcurrent relay. This activity aims to design and build a digital stopwatch prototype for laboratory practice activities. The design of the equipment circuit was then made a digital stopwatch prototype and applied to the practical implementation of the MCGG52 type overcurrent relay for laboratory activity in the electrical engineering laboratory at the Faculty of Engineering, Atma Jaya University Makassar. The practical activity to record the operating time of the MCGG52 overcurrent relay using a digital stopwatch was successfully carried out with results that met the working standards of the MCGG52 relay
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Sekhane, H., D. Labed, and M. A. Labed. "Modelling and performance testing of a digital over-current relay enhanced designed model." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2022.3.10.

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Introduction. The over-current relay is widely used to protect distribution and transmission electrical systems against excessive currents occurring due to short circuit or overload conditions. Many works have been carried out in the field of models simulation design of digital over-current relays in the literature, but unfortunately many of them are more complex design models, have very slow execution time and only work in simple faults cases. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to present the performance of a modified and improved model of a digital over-current relay designed in Simulink/MATLAB environment with more simplified design, faster execution time, and able to operate under more complex fault conditions. Methodology. Before starting tests, modelling of over-current relay is presented in details, of which the basic logics of the proposed model to implement inverse and instantaneous characteristics are well explained. Afterwards, various tests are carried out for the performance analysis of the enhanced designed relay model in terms of: operating speed for eliminating faults that has arisen, ability to distinguish between a fault current and load starting current, capacity distinguish between real and temporary fault currents, the way to manage variable faults over time, and the degree of harmony between primary protection relay and back-up protection relay. Originality. The originality of our proposed work consists in the development and improvement of a digital over-current relay model designed in Simulink/MATLAB environment in such way that it becomes able to operate under new harsh test conditions. This developed designed model is implemented and applied in a 400V radial distribution power system with a load that causes a starting current. Results. The obtained values of simulation are compared with the theoretically calculated values and known existing models. The obtained results after various tests validate the good performance of our enhanced designed model.
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Goh, Yin Lee, Agileswari K. Ramasamy, Farrukh Hafiz Nagi, and Aidil Azwin Zainul Abidin. "Digital Signal Processor Based Over-current Relay Using Fuzzy Logic Controller." Electric Power Components and Systems 39, no. 13 (August 24, 2011): 1437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2011.584111.

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Sarwade, A. N., P. K. Katti, and J. G. Ghodekar. "Reach and Operating Time Correction of Digital Distance Relay." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp58-67.

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Current and voltage signals recieved from conventional iron core Current Transformer (CT) and Voltage Transformer plays very important role for correct operation of Distance Distance Relay (DDR). Increase in secondary burden connected to CT causes it to saturate at earlier stage. The saturated CT produces distorted secondary current, causing DDR to under reach and to operate by certain time delay. Rogowski Coils (RCs) are attaining increased acceptance and use in electrical power system due to their inherent linearity, greater accuracy and wide operating current range. This paper presents use of RC as an advanced measurement device suitable for DDR. Case study for validation of use of RC is carried out on low voltage system. The simulation results of Distance protection scheme used for protection of part of 220kV AC system shows excellent performance of RC over CT under abnormal conditions.
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Shaikh, Naeem Jilani, and Prabhood Kumar a. Khampariy. "Design of Digital Reverse Power Relay Model for Generator Protection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43302.

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Abstract: Generators are one of the most important parts of the power system. Faults at the generator lead to severe failures and fatal accidents. Hence, generators’ protection is a major concern, especially from faults – voltage and current fluctuations, short circuit faults, frequency variations, over-fluxing, flow of reverse power, etc. In this project, a protection scheme is presented for power flow in opposite direction that is flow of power from grid to the generator, due to which the generator starts consuming and acts as a load. Modelling tools are important to have a basic idea of power system. These tools aid an engineer to modify the system under all circumstances. This paper contains the simulation and modelling of digital reverse power relay in MATLAB/ Simulink®. The libraries in MATLAB offer Power System Analysis Toolbox which are simulation based, for power system engineering projects. Keywords: Reverse power relays, Relay Modelling, Digital relays.
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El-Hadidy, A., and A. Mahfouz. "A digital simulator for testing over-current relay immunity against decaying DC offsets in the current waveform." International Conference on Electrical Engineering 6, no. 6 (May 1, 2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iceeng.2008.34403.

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Barhate, Vinay. "Generating Various Inverse Time over Current Numerical Relays Using Microcontroller for Power System Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.149.

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Power System fault is defined as undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. These undesirable conditions such as short circuit, current leakage, ground short, over current and over voltage. This paper is an attempt to design and fabricate inverse time over current protection relay using basic Microcontroller. The 8051 Microcontroller will cause the circuit breaker to trip when the current from load current reaches the setting value in the micro controller and generates a time delay for tripping as per the type of Characteristics for which it is designed, may it be IDMT or normal inverse, very inverse or extremely inverse over current Relay. First the load current need to measure in order to monitor it using current sensor and when such condition arise, it will isolate in the shortest time possible without harming the any other electrical devices. The current sensor processes the signal using current to voltage converter, precision rectifier, Analog to Digital convertor, peripheral interfacing devices with Microcontroller chip takes the suitable action of generating trip signal at appropriate time for expected pick up value of current. It is tested with laboratory setup and found working satisfactory.
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Parsa, Roozbeh, W. Lee, Mohammad Shavezipur, J. Provine, Roya Maboudian, Subhasish Mitra, H. Wong, and Roger Howe. "Laterally Actuated Platinum-Coated Polysilicon NEM Relays." Microelectromechanical Systems, Journal of 22, no. 3 (May 2013): 768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2013.2244779.

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Laterally actuated polycrystalline silicon nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays with enhanced electrical properties are presented. Due to surface oxidation of polysilicon in room ambient conditions, the relays have a high contact resistance (> 1 GΩ) that requires high drain bias (3-5 V) to break through. The addition of a platinum sidewall coating reduces the on-resistance and the required drain bias to as low as 3 kΩ and 0.1 V, respectively. The platinum coating's stability is demonstrated by two tests: first, a contact-and-hold test where the relay passes current (~1μA) for up to 155 min and, second, a hot cycling test where the relay survives for over 108cycles . The NEMS relays are simulated using finite-element analysis, and the models are verified against experimental tests. Furthermore, the relays are configured and tested as a 2 : 1 multiplexer to show their potential as a digital logic component.
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Osintsev, Anatoly A., Aleksandra I. Naumova, and Elena I. Gracheva. "Analysis of distance protection’s operation in cases of deep saturation of current transformers." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801095.

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There is usually no information about permissible error of current transformers in modes succeed by large relative short-circuit current, at which microprocessor-based protections operate stably. By this reason, it is necessary to use data, defined for analog relays. It leads to value appreciation of a project because it is often essential to reduce current transformers’ error in case of a short circuit fault. Therefore, it is necessary to define the value of current transformers’ error, permitted for impedance relays. Conclusions of fundamental and applied sciences (mathematical analysis, theoretical foundations of electrical engineering, theory of simulation), analytical methods of researching nonlinear circuits and digital signal processing were used. A simulation model was created for setting overall tests of the current trans-former (CT) system. It was a relay protection device that reflected all the important properties of studied objects and allowed an analysis of digital distance protection’s operation at high levels of short-circuit currents. The factors influ-encing over digital distance protection’s operation in case of deep saturation of CTs were revealed, and a certain algorithm for definition of the permissible CT errors was proposed. Stable operation of digital distance protection was observed in case of a fault nearby the place of current transformers’ setting in all theoretically possible combinations of electrical system’s power and length of a protected electric power transmission line. It is valid if electric load choice is carried with account for stable protection’s operation in condition of a fault in the computational point and if voltage swell in secondary wirings is infeasible.
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Ivanov, Sergey O., Maxim V. Nikandrov, and Leonid A. Slavutskii. "NEURAL NETWORK MODELING OF RELAY PROTECTION WITH A TIME DELAY." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-3-53-60.

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Modern electric power facilities – stations and high-voltage substations – have become digital objects with the active use of high-speed local networks directly involved in the technological process. Management, analysis and control of information exchange in the digital substation of the power system require the development of new means and approaches. For these purposes, machine learning methods can be used, in particular the apparatus of artificial neural networks (ANN). The paper shows the possibilities of using direct propagation ANNs (multilayer perceptrons) for modeling and identifying anomalies in the operation modes of relay protection with a time delay. The results of training and testing of the ANN are presented on the example of analyzing the operation of the over current protection in the “sliding time window” mode in a three-phase electrical network. The proposed neuroalgorithm and configuration of the ANN can be used to control the modes and accuracy of relay and cybernetic defenses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Digital over-current relay"

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Abdolkhalig, Ahmed. "Dynamic phasor estimation in electrical power systems based on IEC61850 Process-Bus." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92054.

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State estimators in electrical power systems are implemented based on measurements that are provided by the SCADA systems or more recently, by dynamic phasor measurement units. The shortages of traditional SCADA systems such as the asynchronicity, the lack of using measurements with high sampling rates and complexity make them ineffective in capturing the dynamic response of a power system. Enhancing the performance of the state estimation by adding more dedicated phasor measurement units is costly. For reducing the cost and complexity of delivering measurements, IEC 61850 part-9-2 has been proposed using technology of Ethernet network communication. It uses a Process-Bus to link the equipment at switchyard and devices of protection and control at bay level. To enhance the phasor estimation and move from static to dynamic estimation, the high sampling rate of raw data provided by the Merging Unit as defined in IEC 61850 part-9-2 in combination with a Unscented Kalman filter as a dynamic estimator is proposed in the thesis. The major technical challenge that arises in applying Ethernet network communication is the impact of traffic performance on the estimated phasors and hence the substation protection and control reliability. This thesis work is to study the performance of proposed dynamic phasor estimator influenced by delay and/or loss of the Sampled Measured Value time critical messages over the Ethernet network communication. Detailed modelling of the Sampled Measured Value packet format and the IEC 61850 based digital communication are carried out using C programming language and TrueTime simulation tool is presented. To benefit from the raw Sampled Measured Values streamed with high sampling rate from Merging Units at substation process level, Unscented Kalman Filter Model-Based for dynamic phasor estimation is developed and proposed to be used at substation bay level in this thesis. To show how some protective relays can react to the proposed dynamic phasor estimation model under the IEC 61850-9-2 communication, an overcurrent protective relay is implemented based on the proposed dynamic phasor estimation and tested against different operation conditions of the IEC 61850 Process-Bus.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2015
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Book chapters on the topic "Digital over-current relay"

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Zaveri, Bijal N., and Prashant D. Amin. "Global Marketing Strategy in Digital Era." In Breaking Down Language and Cultural Barriers Through Contemporary Global Marketing Strategies, 103–12. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6980-0.ch006.

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The basic marketing strategies have been widely applied for a longtime, whereby people had to rely on the traditional way of exercising it, until the digital era come in to revolutionize marketing practices all over the world. The current innovation and use of digital technology have initiated global marketing strategies and practices and assured a global online presence for efficient users. Nowadays, the use of digital technology has made each and every marketing process easy, costless and efficient by making the digital tools widely available and affordable for many people, but also by providing the most essential piece of incredible technology, “the internet.” With the use of internet and digital tools, it has become so easy to globally communicate, market, purchase, and transact in a matter of fractions of seconds. Internet is being widely used in marketing to reach the global potential customers, and for this to happen, all marketing principles had to be adjusted and applied for greater results in this modern digital environment.
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Ormrod, David, and Benjamin Turnbull. "Developing a Military Cyber Maturity Model for Multi-Domain Battle Mission Resilience and Success." In Cyber Warfare and Terrorism, 151–64. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2466-4.ch009.

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Modern military forces rely heavily on cyber-enabled systems; for logistics, communication, and control. Modern military platforms are heavily integrated with computing capability. This integration and reliance will only increase over time. Modern military operations require the support of flexible, responsive and resilient cyber-capabilities. Current information system security models and information assurance constructs seek to achieve information assurance, a high degree of certainty in the confidentiality, integrity and availability of cyber-systems supporting combat operations. However, this approach assumes that an information assurance approach is a complete and comprehensive defense. History though, has proven otherwise. This work argues that the information assurance approach, whilst a worthy goal, is not reflective of the lessons of history or warfare. Specifically, this work outlines the need for, and introduces The Military Cyber-Maturity Model, a pragmatic model that assumes a technically capable and intelligent adversary. This model assumes the possibility of an adversary utilizing an unknown vulnerability to attack the system, and expends resources to minimise the impact of the successful attack rather than relying entirely on an impregnable defense. This approach extends beyond the assumption that a cyber-attack immediately causes mission failure, by recognizing that each cyber-attack has different requirements and outcomes and will affect different assets and processes. The Military Cyber-Maturity Model seeks to model business continuity through a high degree of cultural change, embedded work practices that parallel analogue and digital work practices with deceptive counterintelligence behavior. The Military Cyber-Maturity Model incorporates the concepts of behavioral defense and mission assurance to provide agility and increase the likelihood of success in combat. Information deception provides a behavioral defense, creating uncertainty and doubt in the adversary's mind and reducing the degree of trust they have in the information available. This paper introduces the model, outlines its aims, components and justifications. This work also outlines the need for simulation and testing to validate the model's effectiveness, and introduces a number of potential use-cases.
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Conference papers on the topic "Digital over-current relay"

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Fodero, K., and G. Rosselli. "Applying digital current differential systems over leased digital service." In 58th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2005.1430444.

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Voloh, I., and R. Johnson. "Applying digital line current differential relays over pilot wires." In 58th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2005.1430443.

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Pham, Kinh D., Ja-Mie Luey, and Darin Schroyer. "Traction Power Substation Protection and Controls Using Programmable Logic Controllers." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40044.

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A number of microprocessor-based digital devices with communication capabilities have been manufactured for traction power substations. These devices include protective relays, fault recorders, and metering units. One such device is the SIEMENS SITRAS DPU96 relay that provides over-current and rate-of-rise protection for faults on DC traction power distribution system. To fully utilize this digital technology, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) was the best mean of collecting and organizing data from these devices locally at the traction power substation and also provide easy interface with the SCADA system. PLC was also used for high rail-to-earth potential monitoring and protection. The trip characteristics of this relay require adjustability over the voltage ranges normally from 40Vdc to 160Vdc and time-delay range from 10ms to 3 seconds which can be easily accomplished with PLC programming. This paper describes the applications of digital relays, human machine interface (HMI), and PLC in a traction power substation.
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Awaad, Mohamed I., and Zinab E. Afifi. "Over-Current Protection in Transmission Systems Using Analog and Digital Relays - Case Study and Comparison." In 2021 22nd International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mepcon50283.2021.9686273.

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Mak, Bart, and Bülent Düz. "Ship As a Wave Buoy: Using Simulated Data to Train Neural Networks for Real Time Estimation of Relative Wave Direction." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96225.

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Abstract Being able to give real time on-board advice, without depending on extensive sets of measured data, is the ultimate goal of the digital twin concept. Ideally, the models used in a digital twin only rely on current in-service data, although they have been built using simulated and possibly some measured data. Working with just the 6-DOF motions of a ship, can the local sea state reliably be estimated using the digital twin concept? Does a general model exist to do so, without the need to measure or simulate the particular ship? In this paper, we discuss how simulations of an advancing ship, subjected to various sea states, can be used to estimate the relative wave direction from in-service motion measurements of the corresponding ship. Various types of neural networks are used and evaluated with simulated data and measured data. In order to study the generalization power of the neural networks, a range of ships has been simulated, with varying lengths, drafts and geometries. Neural networks have been trained on selections of the ships in this extended training set and evaluated on the remaining ships. Results show that the developed neural networks give a remarkable performance in simulation data. Furthermore, generalization over geometry is very good, opening the door to train a general model for estimating sea state characteristics. Using the same model for in-service measurements does not perform well enough yet and further research is required. The paper will include discussion on possible causes for this performance gap and some promising ideas for future work.
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Shafer, Michael W., and Eric Morgan. "Energy Harvesting for Marine-Wildlife Monitoring." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7630.

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Bio-logging devices are systems mounted to an animal that measure parameters associated with the animal or its environment. These devices date back to the 1930’s in their simplest form, while modern devices use suites of digital sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless data communication. Despite these advances, there has always been a fundamental relationship between power consumption and the amount of science that can be conducted. There are now a number of commercially available devices that use solar cells to supplement their daily energy budget, but supplemental solar power is not useful for species that are nocturnal, subterranean, aquatic, or spend significant time beneath dense forest canopies. As such, there have been calls from the marine biology community for devices that could harvest power from their environments. For these marine species, alternative energy harvesting techniques are required. Here we explore a new application for energy harvesting as a power source for marine wildlife bio-logging tags. Marine animals cover wide swaths of the ocean, making tracking and data collection challenging. Tagging these animals with devices that track their location and/or collect data about the animal or its surroundings require large batteries and have limited life spans due to high power requirements for satellite data relays. With limited solar irradiance at depth making solar power less attractive, we review and explore other forms of energy that could be harvested, such as energy from fluid flow and hydrostatic pressure cycles. We investigate the energy potential from a number of sources and compare these values with the requirements of current bio-logging systems to assess required transduction efficiencies. The application of energy harvesting on animal tags could result in nearly indefinite life systems allowing for data collection from a single animal over the course of many years.
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Knox, Carlton, Zihao Yuan, and Ayse K. Coskun. "Machine Learning and Simulation Based Temperature Prediction on High-Performance Processors." In ASME 2022 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2022-96751.

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Abstract Emerging thermal management policies for high-power processors often rely on the temperature readings from on-chip digital thermal sensors. However, thermal sensors may not accurately measure the maximum temperature on chip. This is because thermal hot spots are typically located near important CPU components, limiting the power and physical space available for thermal sensors. As a result, sensors usually need to be placed some distance away from the hot spots. Additionally, on-chip thermal sensors also operate within an error margin, which could under/over-estimate the temperature readings. Prior methods introduced machine learning algorithms for predicting chip temperatures trained with Infrared (IR) camera measurements of the physical chip to construct accurate on-chip thermal profiles. While such methods produce an accurate model, the thermal imaging setup is expensive, and it can be time-consuming to collect and process the temperature data for a physical chip. This paper proposes a simulation-based method of using a machine learning regression model to predict a chip’s full temperature map based solely on the current power usage, core utilization, and measured sensor temperatures. The proposed model is trained and evaluated based on data generated from performance, power, and thermal simulations for the Intel i7 6950× Extreme Edition processor. When running a set of realistic benchmarks, this model is able to accurately predict temperatures within a root mean squared error (RMSE) of less than 0.25°C. The proposed model’s accuracy is not affected by the placement of the thermal sensors, and the maximum error resulting from the placement of thermal sensors is less than 0.12° C. For a real-world application, the proposed model can be trained based on realistic simulation or measured temperature data, then be applied to predict a chip’s temperature map in real-time. Using actual temperature data measured from an IR camera is more accurate, but the IR camera setup itself is expensive. Using simulation data to train the machine learning model is low-cost and more practical than temperature prediction based on an expensive IR camera.
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