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GIANNOLA, Elena. "DIGITAL MAPPING E GIUSTIZIA SOCIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/90883.
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L'obiettivo della ricerca è quello di approfondire e valutare da un punto di vista critico l’utilizzo dei GIS nel campo della pianificazione territoriale, sia per quanto riguarda l’eventuale strumentalizzazione politica degli stessi, sia nell’ottica del loro impatto sulla percezione collettiva dello spazio, trasformato in un mondo “virtuale” che con facilità e quasi in modo automatico viene identificato con quello reale. Tale studio è volto a raggiungere una maggiore consapevolezza delle potenzialità dei GIS, in senso sia positivo che negativo, e del loro valore politico e comunicativo oltre che tecnico – pratico, verificando se esista una possibilità di un loro utilizzo in modo strutturalmente democratico e collettivo in senso pieno.
Il percorso di ricerca è suddiviso in tre parti: nella prima si parla dei GIS in qualità di mappe informatizzate, e della carta in senso più ampio sia come elaborato del processo di rappresentazione del territorio sia come graficizzazione della percezione di esso. Nella seconda parte vengono affrontate le questioni relative alla giustizia sociale e ai processi partecipativi nella gestione del territorio. Infine nella terza parte vengono descritti alcuni casi studio significativi, e viene presentato il progetto realizzato nel corso della ricerca, che consiste nell'applicazione ad un contesto urbano di quartiere un metodo sperimentale di rappresentazione cartografica "deformata". La deformazione è stata effettuata sulla base della percezione degli abitanti, espressa attraverso una serie di mappe mentali, attraverso una particolare funzione del software ArcGIS.
Un elaborato di tal genere è utile sia come strumento di comunicazione nei processi partecipativi, per discutere e costruire con gli abitanti un’immagine del territorio più democratica, inclusiva di tutti i punti di vista delle comunità locali e vicina alla loro percezione, sia come documento valido per l'analisi urbanistica, al pari delle rappresentazioni cartografiche tradizionali.
A conclusione della tesi vengono tracciate delle linee guida per il pianificatore che voglia utilizzare questo strumento, e delle prospettive di sviluppi futuri in diversi campi, da quello più strettamente tecnico-informatico a quello delle scienze sociali.The object of this research is to analyse more in depth and to evaluate from a critical point of view the use of GIS in urban and regional planning. GIS can be used by politicians like a power instrument, or by population, like a virtual map of the city, so close to reality as to be identify with it. This research aims to achieve a more deep awareness of the potential of the GIS and of the web-GIS, positively and/or negatively, and make clear their political and social role, beyond their technical use, verifying the possibility to use GIS in a more democratic and inclusive way. The research is divided into three parts: in the first I talk about the GIS like a map (and like a web-map). In the second part, I talk about social justice and about the political use of the urban image. In the third part, I present some significant cases of study and I talk about the research project, that is an experimental application of a particular representation method that stretches the basemap of the city (in this case, of a neighbourhood). Deformation is expressive of public perception, represented by mental maps, and it’s realized by a specific functionality of the software ArcGIS. This typology of map is important like a communication tool in the participative processes, and it’s also a valid analysis instrument for the urban planner. This stretched maps are inclusive in relation to people’s vision, and consequently really democratic and ethic. Finally I make some proposal for a guidelines document for the planner who wants to apply this method, and I suggest some future developments of this research in urban, technological and social sciences.
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Mohd, Sood Alias. "Mapping clearcuts from optical digital imagery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0009/MQ30007.pdf.
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Guzina, Luka. "UNDERSTANDING DIGITAL TWIN: A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING STUDY." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55636.
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Digital Twin is a concept that refers to a virtual representation of manufacturing elements suchas personnel, products, assets and process definitions, a living model that continuously updatesand changes as the physical counterpart changes to represent status, working conditions, productgeometries and resource states in a synchronous manner [1]. The digital representation providesboth the elements and the dynamics of how a physical part operates and lives throughout its lifecycle.In recent years, digital twin caught the attention of many researchers, who investigated its adoptionin various fields. In this thesis, we report on the planning, execution and results of a systematicmapping study to examine the current application of the digital twin, its research relevance, application domains, enabling technologies and perceived benefits. We start from an initial set of 675publications and through a rigorous selection process we obtain a final set of 29 primary studies.Using a classification framework, we extract relevant data. We analyse the extracted data usingboth quantitative and qualitative analyses using vertical and orthogonal analysis techniques.This work is aimed to investigate the current achievements of Digital Twin with the focus on revealing technologies it uses, its applications and benefits it offers by implementing it as well aspublication details.
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Coêlho, de Araújo Cristiano. "Communication mapping in multiprocessor platforms." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2098.
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Previous issue date: 2005Os avanços na tecnologia de fabricação de circuitos integrados tem permitido a implementação de sistemas inteiros em um único chip, combinando alto poder de processamento e baixo consumo em uma pequena área. Os chamados Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoc) incluem multiplos processadores heterogeneos, estruturas complexas de interconexão e componentes de propriedade intelectual fornecidos por terceiros. Esta tecnologia permitiu o surgimento de dispositivos portateis como telefones celulares, PDAs, dispositivos multimídia que combinam a portabilidade com a capacidade de antigos computadores desktop. Contudo, a especificação e validação destes sistemas se tornou uma tarefa muito difícil. Existe um gap entre a especificação do sistema em alto nível e a implementação em uma plataforma multirprocessador. Este gap entre a especificação e a implementação não é tratado de forma adequada pelas metodologias e ferramentas existentes. Tendo como consequencia atrasos no ciclo de desenvolvimento e erros que podem comprometer o projeto. Nesta tese é atacado o problema de implementação da comunicação modelada a nível de sistema em plataformas multiprocessadores. As contribuições deste trabalho são: (1) uma nova abordagem para a modelagem de plataformas multiprocessador; (2) uma metodologia para o mapeamento de comunicação na plataforma; (3) suporte de análise para avaliação da implementação da comunicação. As metodologias e ferramentas propostas foram validadas utilizando-se dois estudos de caso. O primeiro uma aplicação com múltiplas comunicações e o segundo uma aplicação multimídia
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Morris, Scott Howard. "Digital Trails." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194125.
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May your trails be crooked, winding, lonesome, dangerous, leading to the most amazing view. May your mountains rise into and above the clouds. Edward Abbey The digital representation of trails is a relatively new concept. Only in the last decade, with increasing adoption and accuracy of GPS technology, have large quantities of reliable data become a reality. However, the development of algorithms specific to processing digital trails has not had much attention. This dissertation presents a set of methods for collecting, improving and processing digital trails, laying the ground work for the science of trails.We first present a solution to the GPS-network problem, which determines the salient trails and structure of a trail network from a set of GPS tracklogs. This method has received significant attention from the industry and online GPS sharing sites, since it provides the basis for forming a digital library of trails from user submitted GPS tracks.A set of tracks through a GPS trail network further presents the opportunity to model and understand trail user behavior. Trail user models are useful to land managers faced with difficult management decisions. We present the K-history model, a probabilistic method for understanding and simulating trail user decisions based on GPS data. We use the K-history model to evaluate current simulation techniques and show how optimizing the number of historical decisions can lead to better predictive power.With collections of GPS trail data we can begin to learn what trails look like in aerial images. We present a statistical learning approach for automatically extracting trail data from aerial imagery, using GPS data to train our model. While the problem of recognizing relatively straight and well defined roads has been well studied in the literature, the more difficult problem of extracting trails has received no attention. We extensively test our method on a 2,500 mile trail, showing promise for obtaining digital trail data without the use of GPS.These methods present further possibilities for the study of trails and trail user behavior, resulting in increased opportunity for the outdoors lover, and more informed management of our natural areas.
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Harrell, Melani Hix. "Development of a digital protocol for vegetation mapping." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20011029-183023.
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ABSTRACTHARRELL, MELANI HIX. Development of a digital protocol for vegetation mapping. (Under the direction of Dr. Hugh Devine)Softcopy photogrammetry has proven useful to reduce mapping time with aerial photography and aids in producing a digital product that is easily transferable over other electronic media. This study brings together computer stereo viewing with scanned aerial photos in a GIS to produce a fully digital protocol for mapping vegetation to the formation level. Erdas Imagine was used to generate digital images from aerial photos, Erdas Orthobase was applied to orthorectify the images through a joint triangulation solution for 42 photos, and Erdas StereoAnalyst provided on screen stereo viewing for vegetation delineation. Vegetation polygons were then classified using the National Vegetation Classification System formations in ArcView 3.2, and a thematic accuracy assessment was carried out on the vegetation map using the USGS-NPS standards. A positional accuracy assessment was conducted on the photo mosaic produced from the orthorectified images. Thematic accuracy was 77.55% initially, and the revised map had an 88.70% thematic accuracy. Positionally, the photo mosaic had Class 1 positional accuracy along the X-coordinate with 0.603 meters RMSE and had Class 2 accuracy along the Y-coordinate with 2.415 meters RMSE. A protocol using entirely digital methods was produced with the software cited that meets the formation level USGS-NPS vegetation mapping standards.
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Westecott, Emma. "Performing play in digital games : mapping feminist futures." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702320.
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Whether judged from an economic, social or cultural perspective videogames are one of the most successful experiential forms in the contemporary technological landscape, yet it remains remarkably difficult to find widespread visible engagement by women and girls as either players or makers. This thesis adopts a cross-disciplinary approach that explores three intersecting themes: performance theory, feminism and game studies. The goal is to build trajectories of interest across theory to interdisciplinary ends. An ongoing connection to theatrical form - in this case performance - is productive for building models and frameworks useful to the study of videogames as an expressive form. The intent is to sketch a foundation from which to approach games from a historically connected critical tradition. Approaching gameplay as performance opens up a rich seam of theoretical and practical approaches to unpack the potential of gameplay to expand as a site of meaning. By engaging performance analysis driven by a feminist intent this thesis subjects games to a broad spectrum of analytical techniques to sketch out possible future directions. This pivots on the argument that gameplay is a multidimensional phenomenon that is wholly dependent on the situated context of the player. As a feminist project the discussion moves to the socio-political contexts of existing playing and making practices. This makes visible opportunities to playfully imagine a future open to experimentation. This moves from a discussion of playing games to one of making games to identify ways that games could open up to new makers, moving the discussion from representational practices to cultural critique, a transition necessary for an activist project. This thesis draws together models, frameworks and practices arising from this cross-disciplinary interest for use in future game making and playing thereby looking back in order to move forward towards a more diverse game culture.
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Hughes, Lesley Ann. "The robust compression of digital elevation models." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-robust-compression-of-digital-elevation-models(6ef3e8dd-cc49-4d52-b8a3-b2c49ca0dfc9).html.
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The representation of terrain by a regular grid Digital Elevation Model (DEM) requires a large amount of data which increases with the resolution. The nature of the typical applications of terrain data, for example, aeronautical navigation, dictates that the reliability of the data is of prime importance. Thus any compression scheme used for compressing OEMs, in the presence of errors, must be able to achieve competitive compression while retaining a level of accuracy in the decompressed data. The requirements for effective data compression and error control tend to conflict. In some situations, for example, mobile storage devices used in hostile environments, the use of both techniques is essential. In this research the use of data compression for a storage channel subject to error is considered. The suitability of some standard data compression techniques (statistical and dictionary based methods) for robust terrain compression, is examined. The results indicate, as expected, that these methods, as they stand, are unable to tolerate any error in the compressed data. Five possible methods for the robust progressive compression of terrain data, based on common image and other compression methods, are developed and implemented. The five methods are a bit splitting method, a grid interpolation method, a discrete cosine transform based method, a vector quantization based method and a linear quadtree method. All methods are used in conjunction with a statistical encoder. Each method identifies the information critical for obtaining a good approximation to the original terrain, and thus the information which requires strong error control. It is shown that grid interpolation is the natural choice for lossless robust DEM compression. A progressive strategy which incorporates various levels of data is employed. The levels are formed by down-sampling the data to form a coarse and fine grid of elevations. Grid interpolation techniques are then employed to obtain an approximation of the fine grid from the coarse grid. The corrections to this approximation are then compressed using an arithmetic encoder. This process is done repeatedly to produce the required number of levels. Protection is achieved primarily through the use of BCH codes. The protection is incorporated in such a way that the coarsest levels of data receive stronger error control. Secondary error detection mechanisms exist through the use of the arithmetic encoder and also some prior knowledge of the compressed data. The software developed here proves to be successful with regard to progressively reconstructing terrain in the presence of errors, while also producing compression results which compare favourably with theoretical results based on a known DEM compression method. Consideration is also given to the task of validating the decompressed data, and determining if terrain data may be distinguished from other digital data. A series of tests which use the grid interpolation and DCT methods discussed previously are used, along with Moran's Index, to measure spatial auto correlation. Local tests based on image processing techniques (edge and point detection masks) are also employed to detect any anomalies in data which may otherwise be classified as terrain. The results indicate that while the differentiation of terrain and uncorrelated data is a relatively straightforward task, the task of distinguishing between terrain data and other correlated data provides great scope for further research.
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Puestow, Thomas. "Mapping of salmon habitat parameters using digital airborne imagery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ42428.pdf.
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Haddadin, Baker. "Time domain space mapping optimization of digital interconnect circuits." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116004.
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Microwave circuit design including the design of Interconnect circuits are proving to be a very hard and complex process where the use of CAD tools is becoming more essential to the reduction in design time and in providing more accurate results. Space mapping methods, the relatively new and very efficient way of optimization which are used in microwave filters and structures will be investigated in this thesis and applied to the time domain optimization of digital interconnects. The main advantage is that the optimization is driven using simpler models called coarse models that would approximate the more complex fine model of the real system, which provide a better insight to the problem and at the same time reduce the optimization time. The results are always mapped back to the real system and a relation/mapping is found between both systems which would help the convergence time. In this thesis, we study the optimization of interconnects where we build certain practical error functions to evaluate performance in the time domain. The space mapping method is formulated to avoid problems found in the original formulation where we apply some necessary modifications to the Trust Region Aggressive Space Mapping TRASM for it to be applicable to the design process in time domain. This new method modified TRASM or MTRASM is then evaluated and tested on multiple circuits with different configuration and the results are compared to the results obtained from TRASM.
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Wright, Christopher Paul. "Software architectures for visual concept refinement in digital mapping." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318373.
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Dodan'Li, Nihal. "Digital product labels and the mapping of consumer values." Thesis, Abertay University, 2013. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c697b0fe-d3e3-4f9a-b625-241cd3239b2b.
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Current labels of consumer products provide some level of information to consumers but at the moment, this expanding labelling logic, and the multitude of requirements it generates, is often tricky to implement and difficult to translate into a clear and accessible form of communication for consumers to engage with. In the first part of the thesis, an analysis of current labels is carried out which examine a selection of widely used consumer products. This examination supports the objective to imagine the type of complementary information consumers may deem useful, and also highlights the difficulty there may be for consumers in accessing and verifying some key information that directly concerns the product they use and that may significantly influence the assessment they make of it. To improve the quality of the information provided to the public, a fourtiered architecture is proposed in the second section that can respond to the issues that have been identified during the analysis and also with reference to techno-sociological considerations presented in the Literature Review. The end result is an online database which generates real-time digital labels that uses collaborative logics and allows users to conveniently explore essential information about the products and services they use and make decisions more in accordance with their own requirements and values. The system also offers the possibility for the various label stakeholders to actively engage with the evolution of the product they manufacture, verify, legislate upon or consume depending on their relation to the product. In order to illustrate the potential of this architecture, the digital label is applied to informational situations commonly encountered by consumers. Conceptually, the digital label appears capable to meet consumer needs and is ready to be implemented into a prototype. The architecture is also considered against recent developments in terms of digital product labels, and appears to offer a solid foundation to catalogue, compare and analyse them critically. The third section of the dissertation is a reflection on the merits of the digital labelling system, this time from a sociological perspective. The discussion has two objectives (1) validating the digital label as an information arrangement capable of responding to current societal demands and (2) determining the label underlying principles in order to guide further development.
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Brungard, Colbe W. "Advancing Digital Soil Mapping and Assessment in Arid Landscapes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3305.
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There is a need to understand the spatial distribution of soil taxonomic classes, the spatial distribution of potential biological soil crust, and soil properties related to wind erosion to address land use and management decisions in arid and semi-arid areas of the western USA. Digital soil mapping (DSM) can provide this information.
Chapter 2 compared multiple DSM functions and environmental covariate sets at three geographically distinct semi-arid study areas to identify combinations that would best predict soil taxonomic classes. No single model or type of model was consistently the most accurate classifier for all three areas. The use of the “most important” variables consistently resulted in the highest model accuracies for all study areas. Overall classification accuracy was largely dependent upon the number of taxonomic classes and the distribution of pedons between taxonomic classes. Individual class accuracy was dependent upon the distribution of pedons in each class. Model accuracy could be increased by increasing the number of pedon observations or decreasing the number of taxonomic classes.
Potential biological soil crust level of development (LOD) classes were predicted over a large area surrounding Canyonlands National Park in Chapter 3. The moderate LOD class was modeled with reasonable accuracy. The low and high LOD classes were modeled with poor accuracy. Prediction accuracy could likely be improved through the use of additional covariates. Spatial predictions of LOD classes may be useful for assessing the impact of past land uses on biological soil crusts.
Threshold friction velocity (TFV) was measured and then correlated with other, easier-to-measure soil properties in Chapter 4. Only soils with alluvial surficial rocks or weak physical crusts reached TFV in undisturbed conditions. All soil surfaces reached TFV after disturbance. Soils with weak physical crusts produced the most sediment. Future work on wind erosion in the eastern Great Basin should focus on non-crusted/weakly crusted soils and soils formed in alluvium overlying lacustrine materials. Soils with other crust types are likely not susceptible to wind erosion. Threshold friction velocity in undisturbed soils with weak physical crusts and undisturbed soils with surficial rocks was predicted using a combination of penetrometer, rock cover, and silt measurements.
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Colavizza, Giovanni <1985>. "Mapping early modern news networks: a digital humanities approach." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4893.
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The reconstruction of news flows in early modern Europe is a research topic spanning across media, time and space. Quantitative methods can help with semi-automatic techniques applied to the massive study of intertextuality.
Sharing Brendan Dooley's idea that “the first step in tracing news flows is to compare typical texts”, we are developing algorithms to automatically find textual borrowings to reconstruct these flows. Our corpus is made of both handwritten and printed newsletters, which allows us to specifically study inter and intra medium interactions. Texts are all in Italian, yet the language is not standardised and varies greatly across different sources. We thus need to approach comparisons with fuzzy language-independent methods, in fact relevant for early modern texts in general.
Our techniques are mixed and tailored for each medium type: OCRed texts extracted from printed sources are compared to manually constructed graphs of keywords from handwritten sources. We use a multi layer graph representation, which keeps track of named entities, quantities and other meaningful informations, linking them according to agentivity or specification, aiming at reconstructing the signature of each news. Different representations are then compared with ad hoc techniques, among which we profitably use vector and matrix similarity, string kernels originally developed for protein classification, and more traditional n-gram methods.
The research is mostly experimental and methodological, with a view on the potential reuse and expansion of the methods developed.
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Reed, Seann Mischa. "Use of digital soil maps in a rainfall-runoff model /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Roy, Bimal Chandra. "Compression of equally spaced digital elevation model (DEM) data /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487335992902427.
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Finch, Sara. "Towards a national digital topographic data base." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389914.
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Góralski, Rafał. "Three-dimensional interactive maps : theory and practice." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2009. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/threedimensional-interactive-maps(a6056f48-8ee0-475e-b5e4-7e7e66037c7d).html.
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Maps are among the oldest and the most popular forms of graphical communication, which have always been highly regarded for high efficiency of information transfer. Regardless of how efficient two-dimensional maps are, three-dimensional interactive maps offer significant improvements and benefits over their traditional counterparts. While the enabling technologies for three-dimensional (3D) mapping have been ready for some time, and the benefits are significant, one might expect that a wide adoption of threedimensional maps should already be happening. However, for some reason, the transition to 3D cartography is not happening as quickly and effectively, as would be allowed by the technological and social conditioning. In this work we discuss three-dimensional interactive maps in depth from both the theoretical and practical perspective, as well as show the benefits for a number of applications, and identify some of the factors that inhibit their popularization. We define 3D maps and threedimensional cartography, and discuss its relations with the broader discipline of geovisualization. We demonstrate that more 3D cartographic research would benefit users of maps, as well as those of GIS and geovisualization products. Three-dimensional maps are such a broad subject, and they encompass so many different things, that hard definitions are difficult. That is why we use a technical description and propose a set of functional factors that differentiate, describe and define threedimensional maps, instead of trying to provide a single narrow definition. We also discuss and validate various cartographic, functional, practical and technical aspects of three-dimensional maps, by a practical exercise of implementation of a 3D mapping platform. The platform developed, called the 3D Map Viewer, is used to demonstrate the usefulness of 3D maps, and discuss a number of applications where they offer benefits over the existing approaches. By applying our platform to different tasks we also prove that efficient 3D mapping products may be built today, without a need for further technological progress. We believe that the adoption of 3D cartography would benefit a widerange of users, and that it has a potential to stimulate progress in numerous disciplines of business, life and science. It is our objective to contribute to widespread recognition of three-dimensional maps’ usefulness, and to adhere to their continued development and popularization.
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Cook, Anthony. "Automated cartographic name placement using rule-based systems." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1988. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/automated-cartographic-name-placement-using-rulebased-systems(d49af2c8-3a37-44c1-8cb6-a6cd3ec3195f).html.
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This thesis describes automated cartographic name placement using rule-based systems. In particular it describes the problem involved with designing a system which is flexible enough to place names on a variety of maps. This is demonstrated using logic programming techniques written in PROLOG. Most previous name placement systems are either map specific or have demonstrated only a few aspects of name placement. However two of these systems, which use the rule-based approach for solving the name placement problem, do show greater flexibility. Nevertheless all known results from these seem unsophisticated when compared to many manually produced maps. This thesis describes further research into the use of rule-based systems. The systems described have the capability to handle a wider range of maps of greater complexity. Also described is a procedural program which implements an iterative strategy for name placement on the Ordnance Survey Route Planner map. The research attempts to classify label positions and configurations used on a wide range of maps and discusses ways of implementing these in an automated name placement system. A range of name placement rules are also studied in order to decide what type of data a flexible automated name placement system must be able to access. A combined vector and raster data structure approach is adopted. This supplies the necessary "visual" information needed to apply most of the name placement rules. Name placement and database primitives are used to construct the high level rules which make up the rule-based systems. This work has been undertaken in collaboration with the Ordnance Survey. The procedural name placement program, capable of placing names on the 1:625000 Route Planner map, has been implemented at their headquarters.
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Roberts, Philip Harrison. "Digital landform mapping and soil-landform relationships in the North Cascades National Park, Washington." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/p_roberts_052009.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in soil science)--Washington State University, August 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 27, 2009). "Department of Crop and Soil Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-96).
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Sin, Chi-lun. "Interactive mapping using scalable vector graphics technology." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35518145.
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Sin, Chi-lun, and 冼子倫. "Interactive mapping using scalable vector graphics technology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35518145.
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Slingsby, Aiden David. "Digital mapping in three dimensional space : geometry, features and access." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445099/.
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Demand for large-scale digital vector base mapping is high, fuelled by developments in geographical information systems (GIS), spatial databases, and location-aware devices. The representation of real-world features (e.g. buildings, gardens, sheds), their properties and the spatial relationships between them are essential for supporting these types of applications and they provide an enduring focus for GIS research. There is an increasing and inevitable demand for three-dimensional (3D) however, many currently-available 3D data tend to focus on visualisation aspects, making them unsuitable for populating 3D feature-based databases for spatial analysis. The thesis considers how 3D data can be structured in order that it may be used to support applications in a GIS context. The guiding design principles used to develop the conceptual model are: establishment of a data repository to which information can be added in an in cremental fashion (in order that progress can be made without the requirement of exhaustive 3D surveys) storage of 3D geometry (facilitating the representation of complex multistorey and juxtaposed building parts) ability to describe different conceptualisations of features (e.g. 'rooms' and 'flats') and the relationships between them seamless treatment of space exterior and interior to buildings (in order to treat all space with equivalence) incorporate pedestrian accessibility (spaces are topologically connected and pedestrian access constraints are embedded) representation of a temporal dimension. The key concept is that of 'urban spaces' (discrete units of space in which human activity can occur) inside and outside buildings within the 3D environment. These are organised into layers whose surface geometries are interpolated, even where height data are poorly resolved. The thesis develops a conceptual model, implements a prototype and then illustrates its use for various applications. Particular emphasis is placed upon applications which require pedestrian access information and the definition and identification of 'spaces' and 'real-world features' in 3D built environments.
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Jonason, Nicolas. "Investigating parameter mapping of the digital musical instrument Force Ghost." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189333.
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This paper investigates the viability of two different mappings of two parameters of the digital musical instrument Force Ghost. The instrument produces sound by having an ambience (a recording of rain or of waves on the beach) filtered by bandpass filters whose center-frequencies are controlled by a midi-keyboard. Five bandpass filters are assigned to each note, corresponding to the fundamental frequency its and its multiples (2f,3f,4f,5f). The mapped parameters are the Q-factor of the bandpass filters and the timbre, defined as the relative level between the even and odd multiples harmonics. These two parameters are mapped to the modulation wheel and the pitch bend wheel. The mappings of the parameters are investigated with the help of musical tasks completed by musicians rounded up with semi-structured interviews. The interviews revealed that the modulation wheel was to be prefered due to the lack of a spring mechanism (which is an attribute of the pitch bend wheel), forcing the wheel back to its default position (in the middle) when released. The results from the musical tasks suggested an indication that none of the sensors have better controllability than the other, regardless of parameter it controls. In conclusion, a sensor that gravitates towards a resting state does not seem to be suitable to control a parameter (scaling) that lacks a “resting value” (as perceived by musicians).Denna artikel utreder två mappningar av två parametrar hos det digitala musikaliska instrumentet Force Ghost. Instrumentet ljuder genom att en ljudkälla filtreras av bandpassfilter. Ljudkällan i detta fall är ljudet av regnfall i en skog. Varje tangent på ett keyboard är kopplat till minst ett bandpassfilter, vars MIDI-not kopplat till motsvarande frekvens. Denna frekvens är bandpassfiltrets centerfrekvens. När en tangent nedtrycks genereras bandpassfiltret, vilket skapar en ton ur ljudkällan. De två parametrarna i fokus är kopplade till bandpassfiltrerna. De är Q-värdet (kopplat till bandpassfiltrernas bandbredd) och klangfärgen (kopplat till övertonerna; vilka de är och deras amplitudrelation för varje not). Dessa två parametrar är mappade till modulations-hjulet och pitchbend-hjulet. Mappningen av dessa parametrar är undersökt genom musikuppgifter och självständig utforskning genomförda av musiker. Detta spelades in och sedan utfördes en semistrukturerad intervju med musikerna. Intervjuerna visade att modulations-hjulet föredrogs på grund av avsaknaden av fjädermekanismen som finns hos pitchbend-hjulet. Denna mekanism tvingar pitchbend-hjulet tillbaka till sin utgångsposition (i mitten) när den släpps. Resultaten från musikuppgifterna indikerar att ingen av sensorerna har bättre kontrollbarhet än den andre, oavsett vilket parameter den kontrollerar. Sammanfattningsvis, en sensor som graviterar mot ett viloläge verkar inte vara lämplig för att kontrollera en parameter (-skalning) som saknar ett “vilovärde” (så som uppfattat av musiker).
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Shaffer, Jared M. "The Effects of Spatial Resolution on Digital Soil Attribute Mapping." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374004706.
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Robinson, Nathan. "Assessing productive soil - landscapes in Victoria using digital soil mapping." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2016. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154199.
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Spatial soil information is used to support questions on agriculture and the environment from global to local scales. Historically, soil mapping has been used to inform and guide a multitude of land users with their decisions. Demand for specific spatial soil information is increasing in response from a wider range of users operating across agricultural and environmental domains. To satisfy these demands, users must be provided with practical and relevant spatial soil information. Novel approaches are required to deal with global deficiencies in available soil information. A major limitation to this is the plethora of incongruent legacy data with poor spatial and temporal coverage. This research study initially identifies the specific needs of users for spatial soil information with a focus on the requirements of biophysical modellers. Secondly, error sources that hamper Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) are identified, described and assessed using pH in practical and relevant examples. A final aim is to spatially predict soil properties (e.g. clay mineralogy) that underpin soil chemical behaviour. This is achieved by harmonising legacy data in combination with new spectroscopy techniques and a spatial inference approach. The spatial soil information needs of biophysical modellers in Victoria, Australia were found to be consistent with global needs for information including soil water characteristics, organic carbon and effective rooting depth. To accommodate stochastic and epistemic uncertainties in spatial soil information, uncertainty frameworks proved effective to deal with, and understand the limitations of legacy data in spatial inference models. Robust and reliable spectroscopic models for properties that are linked to functions and services delivered by soil were achieved and used in 3D spatial models. These findings will enable a tactical response through the delivery of pertinent spatial soil information that is contemporary, quality assured and sought by users. Learnings presented should enable producers of spatial soil information to be more comprehensive in their delivery of products that are easy to use, accessible and understood by a growing user community.Doctor of Philosphy
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Calitz, Michaelangelo Franco. "Image understanding and feature extraction for applications in industry and mapping." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15942.
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Bibliography: p. 212-220.The aim of digital photogrammetry is the automated extraction and classification of the three dimensional information of a scene from a number of images. Existing photogrammetric systems are semi-automatic requiring manual editing and control, and have very limited domains of application so that image understanding capabilities are left to the user. Among the most important steps in a fully integrated system are the extraction of features suitable for matching, the establishment of the correspondence between matching points and object classification. The following study attempts to explore the applicability of pattern recognition concepts in conjunction with existing area-based methods, feature-based techniques and other approaches used in computer vision in order to increase the level of automation and as a general alternative and addition to existing methods. As an illustration of the pattern recognition approach examples of industrial applications are given. The underlying method is then extended to the identification of objects in aerial images of urban scenes and to the location of targets in close-range photogrammetric applications. Various moment-based techniques are considered as pattern classifiers including geometric invariant moments, Legendre moments, Zernike moments and pseudo-Zernike moments. Two-dimensional Fourier transforms are also considered as pattern classifiers. The suitability of these techniques is assessed. These are then applied as object locators and as feature extractors or interest operators. Additionally the use of fractal dimension to segment natural scenes for regional classification in order to limit the search space for particular objects is considered. The pattern recognition techniques require considerable preprocessing of images. The various image processing techniques required are explained where needed. Extracted feature points are matched using relaxation based techniques in conjunction with area-based methods to 'obtain subpixel accuracy. A subpixel pattern recognition based method is also proposed and an investigation into improved area-based subpixel matching methods is undertaken. An algorithm for determining relative orientation parameters incorporating the epipolar line constraint is investigated and compared with a standard relative orientation algorithm. In conclusion a basic system that can be automated based on some novel techniques in conjunction with existing methods is described and implemented in a mapping application. This system could be largely automated with suitably powerful computers.
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Jenett, Tilmann [Verfasser]. "Modern geologic mapping : The conceptual development and practical review of a digital geologic mapping approach / Tilmann Jenett." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031421319/34.
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Huethwohl, Philipp Karl. "Bridge damage detection and BIM mapping." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285562.
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Bridges are a vitally important part of modern infrastructure. Their condition needs to be monitored on a continuous basis in order to ensure their safety and functionality. Teams of engineers visually inspect more than half a million bridges per year in the US and the EU. There is clear evidence to suggest that they are not able to meet all bridge inspection guideline requirements. In addition, the format and storage of inspection reports varies considerably across authorities because of the lack of standardisation. The availability of a comprehensive and open digital representation of the data involved in and required for bridge inspection is an indispensable necessity for exploiting the full potential of modern digital technologies like big data exploration, artificial intelligence and database technologies. A thorough understanding of bridge inspection information requirements for reinforced concrete bridges is needed as basis for overcoming the stated problem. This work starts with a bridge inspection guideline analysis, from which an information model and a candidate binding to Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is developed. The resulting bridge model can fully store inspection information in a standardised way which makes it easily shareable and comparable between users and standards. Then, two inspection stages for locating and classifying visual concrete defects are devised, implemented and benchmarked to support the bridge inspection process: In a first stage, healthy concrete surfaces are located and disregarded for further inspection. In a second hierarchical classification stage, each of the remaining potentially unhealthy surface areas is classified into a specific defect type in accordance with bridge inspection guidelines. The first stage achieves a search space reduction for a subsequent defect type classification of over 90% with a risk of missing a defect patch of less than 10%. The second stage identifies the correct defect type to a potentially unhealthy surface area with a probability of 85%. A prototypical implementation serves as a proof of concept. This work closes the gap between requirements arising from established inspection guidelines, the demand for holistic data models which has recently become known as "digital twin", and methods for automatically identifying and measuring specific defect classes on small scale images. It is of great significance for bridge inspectors, bridge owners and authorities as they now have more suitable data models at hand to store, view and manage maintenance information on bridges including defect location and defect types which are being retrieved automatically. With these developments, a foundation is available for a complete revision of bridge inspection processes on a modern, digital basis.
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Hobbs, Kenneth Frank. "The visualisation and rendering of digital elevation data." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3592/.
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The thesis addresses a longstanding cartographic problem, of how to visualise the Earth's surface relief in an effective and meaningful way. The problem is narrowed to relief defined by digital elevation data and visualised as a static, orthographic representation. It is approached in three steps: firstly research focuses on determining the most useful form of graphical representation to be pursued; secondly the theoretical basis of computer visualisation is investigated through a three-model framework, prompting a number of directions where solutions might be developed; and thirdly the development and engineering of a system is reported which models and renders widely available elevation data, and which provides flexibility in its input variables. The developed system is then applied to specific cases of relief visualisation, and new graphical forms are developed. The investigation of past and current approaches to relief representation, and a review of computer-graphic rendering of simpler geometrically defined objects, have revealed some limitations in commonly used relief visualisation systems, but have established the simulation of light and shade as still the most promising line of development. Analysis of the component variables of surface visualisation and rendering has led to the visualisation paradigm of three parametric models - of elevation, illumination and reflectance. Some attractive qualities, including widespread availability, of the contour elevation model have been identified, and a system has been developed which reconstructs surfaces from this data structure in a more effective way than typical current approaches. The system is also designed to support more complex illumination and surface reflectance models than the somewhat simplistic scenarios commonly available. The thesis reports the application of the system to generate surfaces from contour data, and experimentation with multiple coloured light sources and varying degrees of surface specularity. Evaluation of system implementation, and of the qualities of a representative set of graphical products, is addressed through six design criteria within a context defined by a typical mapping application. This has led to conclusions that the system and the new graphical forms have a number of virtues, including close fidelity with the source data, and significant improvements in visualisation.
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Liu, Jian Guo. "Digital image processing for automatic lithological mapping using Landsat TM imagery." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46890.
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Ma, Yuxin. "Empirical and Mechanistic Modelling for Process Understanding in Digital Soil Mapping." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21413.
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Empirical prediction of soil properties coupled with an understanding of soil processes, can uncover the complexity of the soil system. Digital soil mapping (DSM) has revolutionized the way soil information is delivered. While empirical DSM has greatly improved the quantitative prediction, we should be able to incorporate our physical and mechanistic understanding of the processes. Likewise, we should be able to use empirical knowledge to inform process-based models. This thesis delivers mechanistic and empirical models to improve the understanding of soil genesis and mapping of soil functional properties and finding the relationships between soil and environmental factors. Chapter 2 first critically reviews pedology models and DSM concepts, mapping soil classes, mapping soil profiles, mapping pedological features and processes, the relation between pedological knowledge and DSM, and the application of mechanistic pedological models in DSM. Chapter 3 investigates the use of a mechanistic pedogenesis model, State Space Soil Production and Assessment Model (SSSPAM) for modelling the spatiotemporal evolution of particle-size distribution (PSD). In Chapter 4, we used process-based understanding in a mechanistic model to help us make a better prediction of the 4D spatiotemporal distribution of SOC. Chapter 5 evaluates the proposition that soil properties can be evaluated at any depth by comparing the multi-layered 2.5D and 3D modelling with soil depth as a predictor variable. Chapter 6 investigates whether data provided from a rapid and non-destructive proximal sensor can be used to directly predict the provenance of soil samples. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that to comprehensively explain the complexity of the soils, their dynamics and relation to the soil-forming factors, it is beneficial to include knowledge of processes to model soil profile distribution and identify the unique pattern of soil distribution.
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Davis, Dexter Justin Ainsley. "The development of a digital photogrammetric map revision system for use in developing countries." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387477.
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Kahraman, Metin Gümüştekin Şevket. "Automatic matching of aerial coastline images with map data/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/elektrikveelektronikmuh/T000368.pdf.
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Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute Of Technology, İzmir, 2005.Keywords: image segmentation, remote sensing, dynamic programming, aerial images, Coastline matching, coastline extraction. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 61-63).
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Sparks, Kelly Christina. "Arkansas soils information system (ARK-SIS) : an interactive, web-based soils information system using digital geographic soils databases /." To access the ARK-SIS database described in this thesis:, 2000. http://kalmia.uark.edu.
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Malone, Brendan. "Practicable methodologies for delivering comprehensive spatial soils information." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8868.
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This thesis is concerned with practicable methodologies for delivering comprehensive spatial soil information to end-users. There is a need for relevant spatial soil information to complement objective decision-making for addressing current problems associated with soil degradation; for modelling, monitoring and measurement of particular soil services; and for the general management of soil resources. These are real-world situations, which operate at spatial scales ranging from field to global scales. As such, comprehensive spatial soil information is tailored to meet the spatial scale specifications of the end user, and is of a nature that fully characterises the whole-soil profile with associated prediction uncertainties, and where possible, both the predictions and uncertainties have been independently validated. ‘Practicable’ is an idealistic pursuit but nonetheless necessary because of a need to equip land-holders, private-sector and non-governmental stakeholders and, governmental departments including soil mapping agencies with the necessary tools to ensure wide application of the methodologies to match the demand for relevant spatial soil information. Practicable methodologies are general and computationally efficient; can be applied to a wide range of soil attributes; can handle variable qualities of data; and are effective when working with very large datasets. In this thesis, delivering comprehensive spatial soil information relies on coupling legacy soil information (principally site observations made in the field) with Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) which comprises quantitative, state-of-the-art technologies for soil mapping. After the General Introduction, a review of the literature is given in Chapter 1 which describes the research context of the thesis. The review describes soil mapping first from a historical perspective and rudimentary efforts of mapping soils and then tracks the succession of advances that have been made towards the realisation of populated, digital spatial soil information databases where measures of prediction certainties are also expressed. From the findings of the review, in order to deliver comprehensive spatial soil information to end-users, new research was required to investigate: 1) a general method for digital soil mapping the whole-profile (effectively pseudo-3D) distribution of soil properties; 2) a general method for quantifying the total prediction uncertainties of the digital soil maps that describe the whole-profile distribution of soil properties; 3) a method for validating the whole-profile predictions of soil properties and the quantifications of their uncertainties; 4) a systematic framework for scale manipulations or upscaling and downscaling techniques for digital soil mapping as a means of generating soil information products tailored to the needs of soil information users. Chapters 2 to 6 set about investigating how we might go about doing these with a succession of practicable methodologies. Chapter 2 addressed the need for whole-profile mapping of soil property distribution. Equal-area spline depth functions coupled with DSM facilitated continuous mapping the lateral and vertical distribution of soil properties. The spline function is a useful tool for deriving the continuous variation of soil properties from soil profile and core observations and is also suitable to use for a number of different soil properties. Generally, mapping the continuous depth function of soil properties reveals that the accuracy of the models is highest at the soil surface but progressively decreases with increasing soil depth. Chapter 3 complements the investigations made in Chapter 2 where an empirical method of quantifying prediction uncertainties from DSM was devised. This method was applied for quantifying the uncertainties of whole-profile digital soil maps. Prediction uncertainty with the devised empirical method is expressed as a prediction interval of the underlying model errors. The method is practicable in the sense that it accounts for all sources of uncertainty and is computationally efficient. Furthermore the method is amenable in situations where complex spatial soil prediction functions such as regression kriging approaches are used. Proper evaluation of digital soil maps requires testing the predictions and the quantification of the prediction uncertainties. Chapter 4 devised two new criteria in which to properly evaluate digital soil maps when additional soil samples collected by probability sampling are used for validation. The first criterion addresses the accuracy of the predictions in the presence of uncertainties and is the spatial average of the statistical expectation of the Mean Square Error of a simulated random value (MSES). The second criterion addresses the quality of the uncertainties which is estimated as the total proportion of the study area where the (1-α)-prediction interval (PI) covers the true value (APCP). Ideally these criteria will be coupled with conventional measures of map quality so that objective decisions can be made about the reliability and subsequent suitability of a map for a given purpose. It was revealed in Chapter 4, that the quantifications of uncertainty are susceptible to bias as a result of using legacy soil data to construct spatial soil prediction functions. As a consequence, in addition to an increasing uncertainty with soil depth, there is increasing misspecification of the prediction uncertainties. Chapter 2, 3, and 4 thus represent a framework for delivering whole-soil profile predictions of soil properties and their uncertainties, where both have been assessed or validated across mapping domains at a range of spatial scales for addressing field, farm, regional, catchment, national, continental or global soil-related problems. The direction of Chapters 5 and 6 however addresses issues specifically related to tailoring spatial soil information to the scale specifications of the end-user through the use of scale manipulations on existing digital soil maps. What is proposed in Chapter 5 is a scaling framework that takes into account the scaling triplet of digital soil maps—extent, resolution, and support—and recommends pedometric methodologies for scale manipulation based on the scale entities of the source and destination maps. Upscaling and downscaling are descriptors for moving up to coarser or down to finer scales respectively but may be too general for DSM. Subsequently Fine-gridding and coarse-gridding are operations where the grid spacing changes but support remains unchanged. Deconvolution and convolution are operations where the support always changes, which may or may not involve changing the grid spacing. While disseveration and conflation operations occur when the support and grid size are equal and both are then changed equally and simultaneously. There is an increasing richness of data sources describing the physical distribution of the Earth’s resources with improved qualities and resolutions. To take advantage of this, Chapter 6 devises a novel procedure for downscaling, involving disseveration. The method attempts to maintain the mass balance of the fine scaled predictions with the available coarse scaled information, through an iterative algorithm which attempts to reconstruct the variation of a property at a prescribed fine scale through an empirical function using environmental or covariate information. One of the advantages associated with the devised method is that soil property uncertainties at the coarse scale can be incorporated into the downscaling algorithm. Finally Chapter 7 presents a synthesis of the investigations made in Chapters 2 to 6 and summarises the pertinent findings. Directly from the investigations carried out during this project there are opportunities for further work; both in terms of addressing shortcomings that were highlighted but not investigated in the thesis, and more generally for advancing digital soil mapping to an operational status and beyond.
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Antony, Alfred Vinod. "A New Tool for Rock Mass Discontinuity Mapping from Digital Images: VTtrace." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32075.
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Manual fracture mapping in tunnels, caverns, mines or other underground spaces is a time intensive and sometimes dangerous process. A system that can automate this task could minimize human exposure to rockfalls, rockbursts or instabilities and facilitate the use of new methods of data visualization such as virtual environments. This research was undertaken to develop VTtrace; a semi-automatic fracture mapping algorithm based on image processing and analysis techniques. Images of a rock exposure surface are made using a â prosumerâ grade digital camera. The grayscale images are preprocessed to remove color information and any noise or distortion. The smoothed images are converted into binary images. The binary images are then thinned to extract the fracture map. The fractures are then separated and stored as different images. Fracture properties such as the length, width, orientation and large-scale roughness are determined using photogrammetric techniques. Results from test images shows the VTtrace is effective in extracting rock discontinuity traces. Additional enhancements to the program are proposed to allow feature attributes from the three-dimensional surface to be determined.Master of Science
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Hobson, Adrian Surveying & Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Digital plan lodgement and dissemination." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24231.
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In Australia, in recent years there has been increasing demand for more streamlined lodgement of cadastral plans and for their later dissemination. There are a number of approaches to meeting this demand, one of which is developed in detail in this dissertation. The current status of digital lodgement and Digital Cadastral Databases (DCDB) throughout Australia and New Zealand is reviewed. Each of the states and territories in Australia and also New Zealand are examined, looking at the process involved in the lodgement of survey plans and the state of the DCDB in each jurisdiction. From this examination the key issues in digital lodgement and dissemination are extracted and a needs analysis for an Australia-wide generic system is carried out. This needs analysis is directed at technological change allied with sound cadastral principles. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is considered for the storage and transport of all the required data and to facilitate the dissemination of information over the Internet. The benefits of using XML are comprehensive, leading to its selection and the use of related technologies LandXML, Extensible Structured Query Language (XSQL) and Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL). Vector graphics are introduced as the means to display plans and maps on the Internet. A number of vector standards and Web mapping solutions are compared to determine the most suitable for this project. A new standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), is chosen. A prototype Web interface and the underlying database and Web server were developed using Oracle as the database and Apache as the Web server. Each aspect of the development is described, starting with the installation and configuration of the database, the Web server and the XSQL servlet. Testing was undertaken using LandXML cadastral data and displaying plans using SVG. Both Internet Explorer and Mozilla were trialled as the Web browser, with Mozilla being chosen because of incompatibilities between Internet Explorer, LandXML and SVG. An operational pilot was created. At this stage it requires manual intervention to centre and maximise a plan in the display area. The result indicates that an automated system is feasible and this dissertation provides a basis for further development by Australian land administration organisations.
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Pallegedara, Dewage Sanjeewani Nimalka Somarathna. "Novel Techniques for Mapping of Soil Carbon." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18115.
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This thesis presents novel techniques for spatial prediction of soil carbon. Chapter 1 introduces a method to incorporate the local scale spatial variability of soil organic carbon into regional scale mapping. Different to the conventional approach of using globally calibrated single model for the entire region, this method uses a combination of locally and globally calibrated models to predict soil organic carbon at regional scale, using a moving widow approach. Chapter 2 studies how diverse spatial modelling techniques perform under varying training sample sizes, in terms of soil carbon predictions. The study explores the behaviour of various algorithms ranging from simple linear models to complex machine learning techniques trained under numerous sample sizes. Chapter 3 investigates how to optimally use infrared spectroscopy inferred soil carbon data for mapping. Infrared soil spectroscopic data is considered as a timely, low-cost input for spatial modelling of soil carbon. However these data are associated higher measurement errors compared to the standard dry combustion technique. This study establishes a methodology in the model-based geostatistics to filter out the measurement error variability through the inclusion of the error information in the covariance structure of the spatial model. In disaggregating soil information, uncertainty of the disaggregation process is not often discussed. Underestimation of inferential or predictive uncertainty in statistical modelling leads to inaccurate statistical summaries and overconfident decisions. The use of Bayesian inference allows for quantifying the uncertainty associated with disaggregation process. Chapter 4 introduces Bayesian area-to-point regression kriging with a case study of downscaling regional scale soil organic carbon map to farm scale information.
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Brungard, Colby W. "Alternative Sampling and Analysis Methods for Digital Soil Mapping in Southwestern Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/472.
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Digital soil mapping (DSM) relies on quantitative relationships between easily measured environmental covariates and field and laboratory data. We applied innovative sampling and inference techniques to predict the distribution of soil attributes, taxonomic classes, and dominant vegetation across a 30,000-ha complex Great Basin landscape in southwestern Utah. This arid rangeland was characterized by rugged topography, diverse vegetation, and intricate geology. Environmental covariates calculated from digital elevation models (DEM) and spectral satellite data were used to represent factors controlling soil development and distribution. We investigated optimal sample size and sampled the environmental covariates using conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling (cLHS). We demonstrated that cLHS, a type of stratified random sampling, closely approximated the full range of variability of environmental covariates in feature and geographic space with small sample sizes. Site and soil data were collected at 300 locations identified by cLHS. Random forests was used to generate spatial predictions and associated probabilities of site and soil characteristics. Balanced random forests and balanced and weighted random forests were investigated for their use in producing an overall soil map. Overall and class errors (referred to as out-of-bag [OOB] error) were within acceptable levels. Quantitative covariate importance was useful in determining what factors were important for soil distribution. Random forest spatial predictions were evaluated based on the conceptual framework developed during field sampling.
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Cavazzi, Stefano. "Spatial scale analysis of landscape processes for digital soil mapping in Ireland." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8591.
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Soil is one of the most precious resources on Earth because of its role in storing and recycling water and nutrients essential for life, providing a variety of ecosystem services. This vulnerable resource is at risk from degradation by erosion, salinity, contamination and other effects of mismanagement. Information from soil is therefore crucial for its sustainable management. While the demand for soil information is growing, the quantity of data collected in the field is reducing due to financial constraints. Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) supports the creation of geographically referenced soil databases generated by using field observations or legacy data coupled, through quantitative relationships, with environmental covariates. This enables the creation of soil maps at unexplored locations at reduced costs. The selection of an optimal scale for environmental covariates is still an unsolved issue affecting the accuracy of DSM. The overall aim of this research was to explore the effect of spatial scale alterations of environmental covariates in DSM. Three main targets were identified: assessing the impact of spatial scale alterations on classifying soil taxonomic units; investigating existing approaches from related scientific fields for the detection of scale patterns and finally enabling practitioners to find a suitable scale for environmental covariates by developing a new methodology for spatial scale analysis in DSM. Three study areas, covered by detailed reconnaissance soil survey, were identified in the Republic of Ireland. Their different pedological and geomorphological characteristics allowed to test scale behaviours across the spectrum of conditions present in the Irish landscape. The investigation started by examining the effects of scale alteration of the finest resolution environmental covariate, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), on the classification of soil taxonomic units. Empirical approaches from related scientific fields were subsequently selected from the literature, applied to the study areas and compared with the experimental methodology. Wavelet analysis was also employed to decompose the DEMs into a series of independent components at varying scales and then used in DSM analysis of soil taxonomic units. Finally, a new multiscale methodology was developed and evaluated against the previously presented experimental results. The results obtained by the experimental methodology have proved the significant role of scale alterations in the classification accuracy of soil taxonomic units, challenging the common practice of using the finest available resolution of DEM in DSM analysis. The set of eight empirical approaches selected in the literature have been proved to have a detrimental effect on the selection of an optimal DEM scale for DSM applications. Wavelet analysis was shown effective in removing DEM sources of variation, increasing DSM model performance by spatially decomposing the DEM. Finally, my main contribution to knowledge has been developing a new multiscale methodology for DSM applications by combining a DEM segmentation technique performed by k-means clustering of local variograms parameters calculated in a moving window with an experimental methodology altering DEM scales. The newly developed multiscale methodology offers a way to significantly improve classification accuracy of soil taxonomic units in DSM. In conclusion, this research has shown that spatial scale analysis of environmental covariates significantly enhances the practice of DSM, improving overall classification accuracy of soil taxonomic units. The newly developed multiscale methodology can be successfully integrated in current DSM analysis of soil taxonomic units performed with data mining techniques, so advancing the practice of soil mapping. The future of DSM, as it successfully progresses from the early pioneering years into an established discipline, will have to include scale and in particular multiscale investigations in its methodology. DSM will have to move from a methodology of spatial data with scale to a spatial scale methodology. It is now time to consider scale as a key soil and modelling attribute in DSM.
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Andersson, Ella. "Mapping a digital-physical development process : Case study of a small company." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279016.
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The mining industry is an old industry with established traditions and ways of working. Even though digitalisation has been well established in many other industries, has the mining industry just started adopting it. Digitalisation has impacted the types of products created and creating complex products that consist of electronic components and software that collect and share data. These products influence the development and create a complex development process when combined. However, the digital and the physical development processes need to be considered the limiting factors of the other. This thesis is exploring the field of digital-physical development through mapping the development at a small case company in the lead of the digital transformation of the industry. The map sets the foundation to examine how agile practices are adopted at the case company in the purpose of exploring the effects on the complex development. This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews as primary data, and literature within the research field of product development, process theory and agile adoption as a theoretical framework. The resulting process map can be found in Chapter 4.2 The Development Process. The map is visualising the dependencies between the different functions by describing activities, input, output, information, and resources of each function. The maturity of the processes found was low due to the ad hoc nature of the development. The structure and artefacts are considered to be agile practices that affect the studied process the most. The size of the organisation, the individual drive and minimal documentation allows fast communication and problem solving between the functions. This was a study of a small company with a low maturity level in their development process, which made it difficult to make any assumption about the efficiency of their process. Since this is a single case study in a growing research field, can a generalisation not be considered. Though, the results of this study can be found valuable for the case company for developing their processes and general practices.Gruvindustrin är en gammal industri med etablerade traditioner och arbetssätt. Trots att digitalisering har funnits på kartan för många andra industrier, står gruvindustrin inför det nu. Digitalisering har påverkat den typ av produkter som skapas och har skapat komplexa produkter genom användningen av elektronik och mjukvara i fysiska produkter, för att samla in och dela data. Dessa produkter påverkar utvecklingsprocesserna och skapar en komplex utveckling, där de olika processerna måste beaktas varandras begränsande faktorer. Denna masteruppsats studerar området av den kombinerade digitala och fysiska utvecklingsprocessen genom att kartlägga utvecklingsprocessen hos ett litet företag i spetsen för branschens digitala omvandling. Kartan lägger grunden för att undersöka hur agila värderingar och arbetssätt används hos företaget. Detta i syfte att utforska hur de agila värderingarna och arbetssätten påverkar den komplexa utvecklingsprocessen på företaget. Detta är en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer som primärdata och teoretiskramverk i form av litteratur inom forskningsområdet produktutveckling, processteori och agil anpassning. Den resulterande processkartan går att se i kapitel 4.2 The Development Process. Kartan visualiserar beroenden mellan de olika funktionerna genom att beskriva aktiviteter, input, output, information och resurser för varje funktion. Processmognaden för den studerade processen var låg. Strukturen och dokumentationen anses enligt författaren vara de agila tillämpningar som påverkar den studerade processen mest. Organisationens storlek, det individuella drivet och minimal dokumentation möjliggör snabb kommunikation och problemlösning mellan funktionerna. Detta var en studie av ett litet företag med en låg mognadsnivå i sin utvecklingsprocess, vilket gjorde det svårt att göra några antaganden om effektiviteten i deras process. Eftersom detta är en fallstudie på ett litet företag inom ett växande forskningsområde kan ingen generalisering göras. Resultaten av denna studie kan dock vara värdefulla för det studerade företaget för att utveckla sina processer vidare.
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Al-Garni, Dafer Ali. "Digital mapping inference mechanism : a process of knowledge extraction and hypotheses evaluation /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779439848009.
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Brungard, Colby W. "Alternative Sampling and Analysis Methods for Digital Soil Mapping in Southwestern Utah2." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/973.
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Digital soil mapping (DSM) relies on quantitative relationships between easily measured environmental covariates and field and laboratory data. We applied innovative sampling and inference techniques to predict the distribution of soil properties, soil attributes, taxonomic classes, and dominant vegetation across a 30,000-ha complex Great Basin landscape in southwestern Utah. This arid rangeland was characterized by rugged topography, diverse vegetation, and intricate geology. Environmental covariates calculated from digital elevation models (DEM) and spectral satellite data were used to represent factors controlling soil development and distribution. We investigated optimal sample size and sampled the environmental covariates using conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling (cLHS). We demonstrated that cLHS, a type of stratified random sampling, closely approximated the full range of variability of environmental covariates in feature and geographic space with small sample sizes. Site and soil data were collected at 300 locations identified by cLHS. Random forests was used to generate spatial predictions and associated probabilities of site and soil characteristics. Balanced random forests and balanced and weighted random forests were investigated for their use in producing an overall soil map. Overall and class errors (referred to as out-of-bag [OOB] error) were within acceptable levels. Quantitative covariate importance was useful in determining what factors were important for soil distribution. Random forest spatial predictions were evaluated based on the conceptual framework developed during field sampling.
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Nagel, Mona. "Exploring digital innovations : mapping 3D printing within the textile and sportswear industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22000.
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Digital innovations are about to overtake the supply chain systems and revolutionize the way of producing products. With the use of technology in the value chain a sustainable development can be generated and developed. The usage of digital tools for manufacturing can minimize waste and further develop sustained processing. 3D printing is a technology that produces products by adding layer by layer of material. The additive manufacturing process theoretically produces no waste and aims for a sustainable and efficient processing. The textile and sportswear industry adopted this process for high fashion or functional performance products. Especially in the sportswear sector the process shows great potential. Brands like Adidas, Nike and Underarmour adopted the process in order to create midsoles for performance shoes. This research aims to identify the potential of 3D printing for the textile and sportswear industry. The purpose of this research is to explore the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing within the textile industry and sportswear value chain, to survey where are potential solutions to reduce waste. The qualitative research consists of a theoretical and empirical part. The study begins with a systematic literature review that presents the state of the art of 3D printing in the textile and sportswear industry. In order to add empirical data, interviews with five experts from academia and industry have been conducted. The experts work with 3D printing and three of them with 3D printing and textiles. The case study methodology was chosen in order to compare a small number of cases and their approaches. In order to answer the research questions, the empirical data was thematically analyzed and one overarching theme and seven sub themes emerged. The sub themes were compared to the effects and challenges of 3D printing for the textile and sportswear value chain that emerged from the literature review. The findings show that there are several advantages as design freedom and customization and disadvantages as slow production speed and costs. 3D printing is mostly used as an additional process when implementing the process in the textile and sportswear value chain.
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Luchetta, Sara. "Beyond the grid, beyond the page: literary mapping practices in the digital age." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421809.
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This thesis deals with a contemporary and interdisciplinary field of study: literary mapping. At the intersection of narrative theory, map theory and cultural geography, it concerns the manifold (and meaningful) practices generated by the mapping of literature.
Indeed, it deals with reader-generated maps, maps created by readers during and after reading a literary text. Like a constellation of research moments, the thesis is a collection of articles that engage literary mapping with different perspectives and aims. Each article is independent and explores a different literary mapping practice; at the same moment, each article relates to the others, drawing the line of the complexity of the research topic.
Engaging literary mapping through different research scales, the thesis starts with an overview of the state of the art of literary mapping practices through the Web. Analysing the actors, the practices and the tools engaged to map literature, the first part explore the role of digital
mapping services in informing a gaze on the world through the relation between literature and cartography. Dealing with education, the second part of the thesis investigates the chances provided by literary mapping in both seizing spatial theory and narrative theory. Conceived as a meaningful practice, made of processes to explore and to take advantage of, literary mapping is investigated with a more-than-representational perspective. The third part of the thesis deals with a specific perspective, that of the literary cartographer: me. Indeed, in the third section, literary mapping is performed by myself (in different ways); this section has got two aims: on the one hand it explores the processual implication of literary mapping, with a theoretical interest. On the other hand, it aims to build a new reasoning on the mountain environment to which the literature mapped is devoted. Analysing the potentials of mapping Mario Rigoni Stern’s literature (this writer is at the centre of this section), the third part of the thesis explore the connection between space and time, mobilities issues and re-negotiate the concept of nature.Questa tesi prende in esame un campo di studi interdisciplinare e contingente, quello della cartografia letteraria (o della mappatura letteraria). Posizionandosi all’intersezione fra studi narratologici, studi cartografici e geografia culturale, la tesi esplora le molteplici pratiche emergenti nella contemporaneità dalla mappatura letteraria. Infatti, l’argomento della ricerca sono le “reader-generated maps”, le mappe disegnate dai lettori durante o dopo la lettura di un testo letterario. Come una costellazione di momenti di ricerca, la tesi è collezione di articoli che analizzano le pratiche di mappatura con diverse prospettive e diversi scopi. Ogni articolo che compone la tesi è di per sé indipendente, e prende in causa un diverso tipo di mappatura letteraria; nello stesso momento però, ogni articolo si relaziona con gli altri, generando cos’ un discorso spaziale relazionale e complesso che ben restituisce la complessità dell’oggetto di studio. Analizzando le pratiche di mappatura letteraria attraverso diverse scale di ricerca, la tesi inizia con una panoramica sullo stato dell’arte delle mappature letterarie intraprese attraverso il Web. Studiando gli attori, le pratiche e gli strumenti utilizzati per mappare la letteratura, la prima parte della tesi va ad indagare il ruolo dei servizi si mappatura Web sulle pratiche di mappatura e sulle pratiche spaziali da esse generate. Prendendo in esame il campo della didattica, la seconda parte della tesi analizza (e suggerisce) le possibilità date dalla mappatura letteraria nell’approcciare teorie dello spazio ma anche teorie narrative. Concepita come una pratica densa di significato, una pratica composta da diversi processi da indagare, la mappatura letteraria è analizzata con uno sguardo “more-than-representational”. La terzia parte della tesi prende forma da una prospettiva peculiare, quella del cartografo letterario: me. Infatti, nella terza sessione la mappatura letteraria è realizzata da me in diversi modi; questa sezione possiede due scopi: da una parte esplora le implicazioni dei processi di mappatura, andando a indagarne le potenzialità teoriche (che cosa vuol dire mappare? Di quali processi è formato l’atto del mappare?). Dall’altra parte invece questa sezione va ad indagare le potenzialità della mappatura letteraria nella costruzione di nuovi sguardi di ricerca nei confronti dell’ambiente montano, referente della letteratura mappata. Analizzando le potenzialità di mappare la letteratura di Mario Rigoni Stern (scrittore al centro di questa sezione), la terza parte della tesi si interessa di approfondire (e anche negoziare) la relazione fra lo spazio e il tempo, la mobilità legata all’ambiente montano, e il dibattuto concetto di natura.
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Mote, Kevin Dean. "Fast point-feature label placement for dynamic visualizations." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/k_mote_111307.pdf.
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Li, Weisheng. "Object-oriented modeling for map generalisation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107079/1/T%28BE%26E%29%20936%20Object%20oriented%20modeling%20for%20map%20generalisation.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive
methodology for implementing a digital map generalisation system under the object-oriented paradigm. The study is based on the consideration of the theory of map generalisation and the methodology of object-orientation. Object-oriented programming has been recognised as a better
programming method for constructing complicated software systems in the sense of less expenditure and greater efficiency. It increases the potentiality to extend software systems and re-uses the resources, though it does not increase computation power. So the object-oriented paradigm is selected for modelling the map generalisation system.
The research includes four parts, describing the concept of map, the requirements of a map generalisation system, the object-oriented design method, and the map generalisation system design. Three contributions of the research are:
1. A new cartographical communication model based on digital
processes is given. This model is the conceptual fundament to define a static structure of the object-oriented map generalisation system. Based on this model, the map structure in the object-oriented world is defined. In this
structure, the map concept is divided into three parts - logical map, graphical map, and dynamic relationships of the map.
2. A conceptual framework for map generalisation with the feature's neighbouring objects is proposed. Recently, the digital map processing is based on the single features. No neighbouring object is considered in every
operation. Thus, overlays, congestions, coalescence, and other conflicts appear unexpectedly when the generalisation functions are called. To increase the efficiency in the automated map generalisation, the developed
conceptual framework classifies the generalisation operations by the neighbouring relationships. A special example for the line-point relationship
is discussed.
3. An object-oriented design method that puts emphasis on dynamic relationships is proposed, according to which, the generalisation tool boxes are designed.
4. Following the above, the model for designing a map generalisation system is fully described, and an example is developed which shows that the proposed method is feasible, and demonstrates the efficiency of the object-oriented paradigm.
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Jaafar, Jasmee. "An evaluation of the generation and potential applications of digital surface models." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326567.
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Acock, Steven John Blackmore. "A versatile automated system for the mapping of VHDL algorithms onto multiple FPGA-SRAM modules." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337006.
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