Journal articles: 'Digital inclinometers'

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Hannah, Daniel C. "Collecting shoulder kinematics with electromagnetic tracking systems and digital inclinometers: A review." World Journal of Orthopedics 6, no. 10 (2015): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v6.i10.783.

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Beshara, Peter, David B. Anderson, Matthew Pelletier, and William R. Walsh. "The Reliability of the Microsoft Kinect and Ambulatory Sensor-Based Motion Tracking Devices to Measure Shoulder Range-of-Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 8186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248186.

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Advancements in motion sensing technology can potentially allow clinicians to make more accurate range-of-motion (ROM) measurements and informed decisions regarding patient management. The aim of this study was to systematically review and appraise the literature on the reliability of the Kinect, inertial sensors, smartphone applications and digital inclinometers/goniometers to measure shoulder ROM. Eleven databases were screened (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL, SPORTSDiscus, Compendex, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Proquest Science and Technology, Scopus, and PubMed). The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the consensus-based standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Reliability assessment used intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the criteria from Swinkels et al. (2005). Thirty-two studies were included. A total of 24 studies scored “adequate” and 2 scored “very good” for the reliability standards. Only one study scored “very good” and just over half of the studies (18/32) scored “adequate” for the measurement error standards. Good intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.85) and inter-rater reliability (ICC > 0.80) was demonstrated with the Kinect, smartphone applications and digital inclinometers. Overall, the Kinect and ambulatory sensor-based human motion tracking devices demonstrate moderate–good levels of intra- and inter-rater reliability to measure shoulder ROM. Future reliability studies should focus on improving study design with larger sample sizes and recommended time intervals between repeated measurements.

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Aldiamar, Fahmi, Masyhur Irsyam, Bigman Hutapea, Endra Susila, and Ramli Nazir. "Evaluation of Lateral and Axial Deformation for Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Construction Using 3 Dimension Finite Element Method." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 53, no. 5 (October 22, 2021): 210503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.5.3.

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Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (MRTJ) phase 1 tunnel construction using the earth pressure balance method has been completed and surface settlement and lateral displacement data according to elevation and inclinometer readings has been collected to evaluate the effect of tunnel’s construction on surrounding infrastructure. Soil stratification along the research area, defined according to boring logs and soil parameters for the hardening soil model (HSM) and the soft soil model (SSM), was determined by optimization of stress-strain curve fitting between CU triaxial test, consolidation test and soil test models in the Plaxis 3D software. Evaluation of the result of surface settlement measurements using an automatic digital level combined with geodetic GPS for elevation and position control points showed that the displacement behavior was affected by vehicle load and stiffness of the pavement. Lateral displacement measurements using inclinometers give a more accurate result since they are placed on the soil and external influences are smaller than surface settlement measurement. The result of 3D finite element modeling showed that surface settlement and lateral displacement during TBM construction can be predicted using HSM with 2% contraction. SSM and the closed-form solutions of Loganathan and Poulos are unable to provide a good result compared to the actual displacement from measurements.

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Hannink, E., T. Shannon, H. Dawes, and K. Barker. "Measurement of sagittal spine curvature: comparing the Kinect depth camera to the flexicurve and digital inclinometers in a clinical population." Physiotherapy 107 (May 2020): e21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.031.

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Ivanovsky, A. N., Ye G. Zinchenko, and S. G. Cherny. "Machine learning technologies for automated draft measurements." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-2-s-i-33-39.

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This paper discusses the process of ship draft measurement known as draft survey. The purpose of the study was to improve the accuracy of draft survey results and the efficiency of this procedure itself. The study relies on video footages of draft marks, as well as clinometer readings, following the methods of digital image processing, machine learning, digital signal processing, linear filtering and applied programming. The tools developed as a result of this work are based on machine-learning algorithms and can perform draft surveys even in bad weather. Accuracy limits depend on camera resolution, lighting and weather conditions. Combined with linear filtering algorithms and ship inclinometers, this technology might offer draft survey tolerances as narrow as several millimeters, thus being well above its existing counterparts. Automated draft survey method suggested in this paper will make cargo weight measurements of bulkers more accurate, thus saving time and money, as well as making survey results independent on human error. Relying on machine-learning and computer-vision technologies, this method is universal and will work with any type of ships. Theoretical value of this study is that it gives a comprehensive review of what ship draft is and how it is measured.

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Gollob, Christoph, Tim Ritter, and Arne Nothdurft. "Comparison of 3D Point Clouds Obtained by Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Personal Laser Scanning on Forest Inventory Sample Plots." Data 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5040103.

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In forest inventory, trees are usually measured using handheld instruments; among the most relevant are calipers, inclinometers, ultrasonic devices, and laser range finders. Traditional forest inventory has been redesigned since modern laser scanner technology became available. Laser scanners generate massive data in the form of 3D point clouds. We have developed a novel methodology to provide estimates of the tree positions, stem diameters, and tree heights from these 3D point clouds. This dataset was made publicly accessible to test new software routines for the automatic measurement of forest trees using laser scanner data. Benchmark studies with performance tests of different algorithms are welcome. The dataset contains co-registered raw 3D point-cloud data collected on 20 forest inventory sample plots in Austria. The data were collected by two different laser scanning systems: (1) A mobile personal laser scanner (PLS) (ZEB Horizon, GeoSLAM Ltd., Nottingham, UK) and (2) a static terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) (Focus3D X330, Faro Technologies Inc., Lake Mary, FL, USA). The data also contain digital terrain models (DTMs), field measurements as reference data (ground-truth), and the output of recent software routines for the automatic tree detection and the automatic stem diameter measurement.

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Macefield, Vaughan G., Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Niamh Goulding, Jose-Alberto Palma, Cristina Fuente Mora, and Horacio Kaufmann. "Increasing cutaneous afferent feedback improves proprioceptive accuracy at the knee in patients with sensory ataxia." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00148.2015.

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Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN III) features disturbed proprioception and a marked ataxic gait. We recently showed that joint angle matching error at the knee is positively correlated with the degree of ataxia. Using intraneural microelectrodes, we also documented that these patients lack functional muscle spindle afferents but have preserved large-diameter cutaneous afferents, suggesting that patients with better proprioception may be relying more on proprioceptive cues provided by tactile afferents. We tested the hypothesis that enhancing cutaneous sensory feedback by stretching the skin at the knee joint using unidirectional elasticity tape could improve proprioceptive accuracy in patients with a congenital absence of functional muscle spindles. Passive joint angle matching at the knee was used to assess proprioceptive accuracy in 25 patients with HSAN III and 9 age-matched control subjects, with and without taping. Angles of the reference and indicator knees were recorded with digital inclinometers and the absolute error, gradient, and correlation coefficient between the two sides calculated. Patients with HSAN III performed poorly on the joint angle matching test [mean matching error 8.0 ± 0.8° (±SE); controls 3.0 ± 0.3°]. Following application of tape bilaterally to the knee in an X-shaped pattern, proprioceptive performance improved significantly in the patients (mean error 5.4 ± 0.7°) but not in the controls (3.0 ± 0.2°). Across patients, but not controls, significant increases in gradient and correlation coefficient were also apparent following taping. We conclude that taping improves proprioception at the knee in HSAN III, presumably via enhanced sensory feedback from the skin.

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O’Neill, Christopher K. J., Janet C. Hill, Christopher C. Patterson, Dennis O. Molloy, Harinderjit S. Gill, and David E. Beverland. "Reducing variability in apparent operative inclination during total hip arthroplasty: findings of a randomised controlled trial." HIP International 28, no. 3 (May 2018): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700018777485.

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Aims: To determine which of 3 methods of cup insertion most accurately achieved a target apparent operative inclination (AOI) of 35° ± 2.5°: (1) Freehand; (2) Modified Mechanical Alignment Guide (MAG); or (3) Digital Inclinometer assisted. Methods: Using a cementless cup via a posterior approach in lateral decubitus 270 participants were recruited, with 90 randomised to each method. The primary outcome was the unsigned deviation from target AOI. The digital inclinometer was used to measure AOI in all cases, though the surgeon remained blinded to the reading intraoperatively for both the Freehand and MAG methods. Results: Mean deviation from target AOI for the Freehand, Modified 35° MAG and Digital Inclinometer techniques was 2.9°, 1.8° and 1.3° respectively. When comparing mean deviation from target AOI, statistically significant differences between the Freehand / Inclinometer groups ( p < 0.001), the Freehand / Modified 35° MAG groups ( p < 0.001) and the Digital Inclinometer / Modified 35° MAG groups ( p < 0.023) were evident. The Digital Inclinometer technique enabled the surgeon to achieve a target AOI of 35° ± 2.5° in 88% of cases, compared to 71% of Modified 35° MAG cases and only 51% of Freehand cases. Discussion: The Digital Inclinometer and the Modified 35° MAG techniques were both more accurate than the Freehand technique, with the Digital Inclinometer technique proving most accurate overall. Radiographic inclination (RI) is also influenced by operative anteversion; however, the greatest source of error with respect to RI occurs when the pelvic sagittal plane is not horizontal at the time of acetabular component insertion. Clinical Trial Protocol number: NCT01831401

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Hwang, Myeungsik, Sangbin Lee, and Chaegil Lim. "Effects of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Scapula Function in Office Workers with Scapula Dyskinesis." Medicina 57, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040332.

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Background and Objectives; Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) are effective in improving and maintaining Range of motion(ROM), increasing muscular strength and power, and increasing athletic performance, especially after exercise. The scapula patterns defined in PNF are activated within the upper extremity patterns and scapula motions together. Proper function of the upper extremities requires both motion and stability of the scapula. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scapula stabilization exercise training involving muscle strengthening, muscle balance, and movement control exercises on office workers with scapula dysfunction. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 office workers with scapula dyskinesis were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: muscle strengthening exercise group (n = 14), muscle balance exercise group (n = 14), and movement control exercise group (n = 14). The participants underwent 18 sessions (25 min/session, 3 days a week for 6 weeks) of training involving the three types of exercises. Results: The measurement outcomes included the scapula index, measured using a digital Vernier caliper; scapula function, evaluated using the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire (pain and performing, work ability, and sports and art activities); and scapulohumeral movements (scapula upward rotation at humeral abduction angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°), evaluated using inclinometers. After the exercise intervention, the scapula index (p = 0.002), DASH pain and performing score (p = 0.000), DASH work ability score (p = 0.000), DASH sports and art activity score (p = 0.027), and scapulohumeral movements (scapula upward rotation at 0° (p = 0.013) and 45° (p = 0.043) humeral abduction) showed significantly greater improvements in the movement control group than in the muscle strengthening and muscle balance groups. Conclusions: Thus, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation can be used as a rehabilitation intervention for scapula position and movement, pain reduction, and functional improvement in office workers with scapula dyskinesis.

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Copland, Luke, Jon Harbor, Marie Minner, and Martin Sharp. "The use of borehole inclinometry in determining basal sliding and internal deformation at Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland." Annals of Glaciology 24 (1997): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500012404.

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A series of boreholes were drilled with high-pressure hot water across a section of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in summer 1995. Twenty-three of the boreholes were profiled with a digital inclinometer soon aller drilling, and 14 were re-profiled up to 6 weeks later to determine changes in the longitudinal shape of boreholes with time. In addition to the main surveys, three boreholes were surveyed 14 times each to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of inclinometry measurements. These repeat surveys suggest that caution is needed in the interpretation of short-term borehole displacement measurements, and that the reoccupation of boreholes from one year to the next may be a better way to determine patterns of internal deformation and basal sliding. The annual scale may also have advantages in providing more long-term insight into glaciological processes than short term (single season) measurements.

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Copland, Luke, Jon Harbor, Marie Minner, and Martin Sharp. "The use of borehole inclinometry in determining basal sliding and internal deformation at Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland." Annals of Glaciology 24 (1997): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500012404.

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A series of boreholes were drilled with high-pressure hot water across a section of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in summer 1995. Twenty-three of the boreholes were profiled with a digital inclinometer soon aller drilling, and 14 were re-profiled up to 6 weeks later to determine changes in the longitudinal shape of boreholes with time. In addition to the main surveys, three boreholes were surveyed 14 times each to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of inclinometry measurements. These repeat surveys suggest that caution is needed in the interpretation of short-term borehole displacement measurements, and that the reoccupation of boreholes from one year to the next may be a better way to determine patterns of internal deformation and basal sliding. The annual scale may also have advantages in providing more long-term insight into glaciological processes than short term (single season) measurements.

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Bao, Hong Ping, Yue Xiang Hu, Ming Lv, and Jie Zhang. "Design and Implementation Based on ADXL213 of the Digital Inclinometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.400.

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This paper used the ADXL213 dual-axis tilt sensor produced by Analog Device and NXP company's LPC1114/301 series microcontroller to make a digital inclinometer. The inclinometer has the advantages of reliable work and high measurement precision as well as the advantage of low cost. The paper mainly discussed the system hardware circuit design, software flow and the factors affecting the accuracy of the analysis, also proposed and implemented feasible compensation approaches, designed and manufactured a digital inclinometer in kind.

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Charoenlap, Chris, and Krerk Piromsopa. "Digital image processing technique to measure the range of motion of the elbow." Asian Biomedicine 14, no. 1 (July 13, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2020-0006.

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AbstractBackgroundMost photography-based arc of motion measurements require human assessment and their accuracy depends on the observer.ObjectivesTo develop a digital image processing technique (DIPT) for measuring elbow range of motion (ROM), and to assess its validity and reliability compared with standard methods.MethodsPhysiotherapists performed digital goniometer and inclinometer ROM measurements bilaterally on healthy volunteer elbows. A photographer took digital images of elbows fully extended and fully flexed 3 times using an 8-megapixel smartphone camera. Extension and flexion angles were calculated using the DIPT. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of all methods was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A paired Student's t test and Wilcoxon-signed rank test were used to assess systematic bias. A Bland–Altman plot was used to show possible range of difference between the methods.ResultsWe measured 56 elbows from 28 participants. Intra- and inter-rater ICCs of goniometer and inclinometer showed moderate-to-excellent agreement. Mean extension and flexion angles for the DIPT were greater than those for the goniometer and inclinometer measurements (P < 0.05), but the total ROMs were not significantly different (vs goniometer P = 0.32, vs inclinometer P = 0.53). Limits of agreement were 9.93°–10.05° for extension angle, 9.81°–11.7° for flexion angle, and 13.84°–15.99° for total ROMs.ConclusionsElbow ROM measurement using the current DIPT produces results comparable with goniometer and inclinometer measurements, but the difference from the standard methods was up to 15.99° for total ROM.

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Mohammad, Walaa S., Faten F. Elattar, Walaa M. Elsais, and Salameh O. AlDajah. "Validity and Reliability of a Smartphone and Digital Inclinometer in Measuring the Lower Extremity Joints Range of Motion." Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.210907.

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In clinical settings, available valid and reliable tools are important components in evaluating the lower extremity range of motion. Although the digital inclinometer is highly reliable compared to the universal goniometer, its availability and high cost impede its extensive use. Nowadays, smartphone applications have become widely available to clinicians for assessing the joint range of motion. The present study aims to assess the validity and intra-rater reliability of the smart- phone application “Clinometer” for measuring hip, knee, and ankle sagittal ranges of motion, using the digital inclinom- eter as the reference standard. Active hip, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion range-of-motion mea- surements were recorded in 102 young, healthy female participants on two separate occasions using Clinometer and a digital inclinometer. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were used to evaluate the smartphone application’s validity against the digital inclinometer. To assess the reliability of the Clinometer app, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable difference (MDD) were used. Clinometer displayed excellent validity when compared to the digital inclinometer for hip and knee movements (r>0.90), while ankle ROM displayed moderate validity (r = 0.52-0.57). Additionally, Clinometer demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC > 0.90) for hip and knee sagittal plane motion and moderate reliability for the ankle sagittal plane motion (ICC = 0.53–0.67). Cli- nometer is a portable, low-cost, valid, and reliable tool for assessing active hip and knee range of motions and can be easily incorporated into clinical settings; however, it cannot be used interchangeably for ankle measures.

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LIU Xian-yi, 刘先一, 周召发 ZHOU Zhao-fa, 张志利 ZHANG Zhi-li, 刘殿剑 LIU Dian-jian, and 朱文勇 ZHU Wen-yong. "Calibration of inclinometer parameters in digital zenith camera." Optics and Precision Engineering 24, no. 9 (2016): 2325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20162409.2325.

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Huang, He, Hui Lu, Zongling Yan, Xiaosong Zhang, Ling Tan, and Youping Mao. "Design and test of slope monitoring digital inclinometer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 384 (November 29, 2019): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/384/1/012083.

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Kolev, K., and R. Tasheva. "Correlation between results of functional lordosis test and digital pelvic inclinometer." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 3 (2019): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.03.011.

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THE AIM of this study is to precise the diagnostics of lumbar lordosis in children at primary classes through applying the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer and to correlate the results with the Functional Test. METHODS. The screening examination involved 132 children with the average age 8, 7 from the beginning classes in Sofia. The lumbar lordosis was assessed through the Fuctional Test in all children during the period April - June 2016.. The DPI was applied for preliminary investigation in 25 children of measuring left and rigth pelvic inclination and therefore – torsion. RESULTS. The lordosis test is negative in 8 children and 16 are with functional lordosis. The mean value of the test with DPI - left sided, for healthy children is 7.1 degrees, and in children with functional lordosis is 10.90. The difference of 3.80 is statistically significant due to the value of T-Student criterion (t) of 2.63 at a critical value of 2.07. CONCLUSION. The results showed the correlation between the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer Test and the Functional Lordosis Test. Тhis study confirmed that the applying of the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer give an opportunity to precise the diagnostics of lumbar lordosis in children.

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Romero-Franco, Natalia, Juan Antonio Montaño-Munuera, Juan Carlos Fernández-Domínguez, and Pedro Jiménez-Reyes. "Validity and Reliability of a Digital Inclinometer to Assess Knee Joint Position Sense in an Open Kinetic Chain." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 4 (May 1, 2019): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0221.

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Context: New methods are being validated to easily evaluate the knee joint position sense (JPS) due to its role in the sports movement and the risk of injury. However, no studies to date have considered the open kinetic chain (OKC) technique, despite the biomechanical differences compared with closed kinetic chain movements. Objective: To analyze the validity and reliability of a digital inclinometer to measure the knee JPS in the OKC movement. Design: The validity and intertester and intratester reliability of a digital inclinometer for measuring knee JPS were evaluated. Setting: Sports research laboratory. Participants: A total of 18 athletes (11 males and 7 females; 28.4 [6.6] y; 71.9 [14.0] kg; 1.77 [0.09] m; 22.8 [3.2] kg/m2) voluntary participated in this study. Main Outcomes Measures: Absolute angular error (AAE), relative angular error (RAE), and variable angular error (VAE) of knee JPS in an OKC. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated to determine the validity and reliability of the inclinometer. Data showed excellent validity of the inclinometer to obtain proprioceptive errors compared with the video analysis in JPS tasks (AAE: ICC = .981, SEM = 0.08; RAE: ICC = .974, SEM = 0.12; VAE: ICC = .973, SEM = 0.07). Intertester reliability was also excellent for all the proprioceptive errors (AAE: ICC = .967, SEM = 0.04; RAE: ICC = .974, SEM = 0.03; VAE: ICC = .939, SEM = 0.08). Similar results were obtained for intratester reliability (AAE: ICC = .861, SEM = 0.1; RAE: ICC = .894, SEM = 0.1; VAE: ICC = .700, SEM = 0.2). Conclusions: The digital inclinometer is a valid and reliable method to assess the knee JPS in OKC. Sport professionals may evaluate the knee JPS to monitor its deterioration during training or improvements throughout the rehabilitation process.

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MacIntyre, Norma J., Chris P. Recknor, and Julie C. Recknor. "Spine Curve Measures Taken in Individuals with Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Using the IONmed Mobile Phone Application Are Highly Consistent with Digital Inclinometer Measures." ISRN Rehabilitation 2014 (April 17, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/508414.

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Introduction. This study determined the agreement between measures of standing posture in individuals at risk of osteoporotic fracture obtained using the IONmed mobile phone application and a digital inclinometer. Methods. One experienced rater assessed 20 adults, aged 55–88 years, attending an outpatient osteoporosis clinic. A standardized protocol was duplicated to acquire a single measure of spine curvature (lumbosacral angle, lordosis, kyphosis) using the IONmed mobile phone application and a digital inclinometer. Interdevice agreement was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standard error of the measurement (SEM) with 95% CI and Bland-Altman plots. Results. ICC (95% CI) for lumbosacral angle, lordosis, and kyphosis is 0.97 (0.92, 0.99), 0.97 (0.92, 0.99), and 0.99 (0.98, 1.0), respectively. SEM (95% CI) for lumbosacral angle, lordosis, and kyphosis is 0.99° (0.75, 1.44), 1.33° (1.01, 1.94), and 1.23° (0.94, 1.80), respectively. Measurement bias is small. Conclusions. In our sample, the IONmed mobile phone application provides measures highly consistent with the digital inclinometer measures of standing posture. This method offers clinicians a quick, convenient way of identifying alterations in spine alignment which require followup and remediation.

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Chen, Jun. "High Precision Digital Inclinometer Based on Over Sampling Theory." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 452 (December 13, 2018): 042036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/452/4/042036.

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An, Da-In, Jung-Eun Park, Chang-Hyung Lee, and Soo-Yong Kim. "Reliability of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt measurements using a modified digital inclinometer in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome." Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 34, no. 5 (September 6, 2021): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bmr-200080.

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BACKGROUD: Reliable scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt data are required for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Only a few studies have explored the reliability of such measurements derived using a modified inclinometer. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative and absolute reliability of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt measurements derived using a modified digital inclinometer in patients with SIS. METHOD: Seventeen SIS patients were assessed twice within 1 week. We determined the relative and absolute measurement reliability by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Both intra- and interrater reliability were determined. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability (both measurements) was high (0.72–0.88), and the interrater ICC was high to excellent (0.72–0.98). Clinically acceptable SEM and MCID values were obtained for scapular upward rotation (SEM: 4.28–9.33∘, MCID: 5.1–11.3∘) and anterior-posterior tilt (SEM: 3.72–7.55∘, MCID: 2.5–10.8∘). CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt using a modified digital inclinometer reliably reveal scapular position and kinematics in patients with SIS.

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Ning, Da Yong, Chang Le Sun, and Yong Jun Gong. "A Method of High Accuracy Control for Motor-Based Photoelectric Tracking Instrumentation Base on Inclinometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2846.

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A mathematic method of ensuring motor-based photoelectric tracking instrumentation work high accurately was introduced, the SCA100T inclinometer was settled under the base, and examine plane of base real-timely. The inclinometer output analog signals and transmit it to AT89C51 through A/D converters, and AT89C51 output digital signals and transmit it to PC through RS-232. The PC convert signals of inclinometer into angle values of horizontal axis and vertical axis and transmit the values to main controlled system of photoelectric tracking instrumentation, the controlled system change the angles of horizontal axis and vertical axis. The CAD model was built and simulated with virtual prototype technology .Analysis and simulation proved that the mathematic method could keep tracking precision of motor-based photoelectric tracking instrumentation.

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Waś, Jakub, Dominik Sitarski, Paulina Ewertowska, Justyna Bloda, and Dariusz Czaprowski. "Using smartphones in the evaluation of spinal curvatures in a sagittal plane." Advances in Rehabilitation 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0053.

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Abstract Introduction: In physiotherapeutic diagnostic processes, various tools and methods may be used. However, price and availability may limit their daily use in clinical practice. Therefore, the suggestion that smartphones with specific applications may be useful as diagnostic tools can be found in the literature. However, before using them in clinical practice, it is important to verify their reliability. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of measurements of the curvatures in the sagittal plane performed with the Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application. Materials and methods: The study included 40 subjects aged 22-39 years (23.0 ± 3.7). All subjects had sagittal spinal curvatures (sacral slope - SS, lumbar lordosis - L, thoracic kyphosis - K, upper thoracic kyphosis - K1, lower thoracic kyphosis - K2) measured in both standing and sitting positions with the Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application. Results: In measurements performed with the use of the Saunders inclinometer and the smartphone, no significant differences were found between the size of the curvatures of the spine in a standing position (SS 19° ±8.2 vs. 17° ±8.4 p=0.3; L 32° ±11.1 vs. 29° ±10.3 p=0.2; K 43° ±8.4 vs. 41° ±8.1 p=0.2; K1 31° ±7.2 vs. 29.0° ±7.3; K2 11o ±7.4 vs. 11.0° ±6.7) and a sitting position (SS 3.75° ±8.9° p=0.8; L 5.8° ±9.06 vs. 5.2° ±8.5 p=0.75; K 40.0° ±8.1 vs. 36.7° ±7.9 p=0.6; K1 25.8° ±7.1 vs. 24.9° ±7.1; K2 14.5° ±9.9 vs. 11.5° ±9.4). Conclusions: The examination of spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane using Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application allows researchers to obtain reliable results. Therefore, smartphones can be used for an objective evaluation of the musculoskeletal system in daily clinical practice.

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HIRATA, Hirokatsu, Chiaki YAGURA, Shinichiro OKA, Kazuyo YOSHIMURA, Nozomi HAMACHI, and Hiroyuki TAHARA. "Measurement of the Thoracic Kyphosis Angle with a Digital Inclinometer." Rigakuryoho Kagaku 27, no. 2 (2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.27.115.

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Borra, Anusha, K. Chandrasekharan Nair, MC Suresh Sajjan, D. Bheemalingeswara Rao, and AV Rama Raju. "Upgradation of Hanau Spring Bow with Digital Inclinometer - A Report." Acta Scientific Dental Scienecs 5, no. 10 (September 18, 2021): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asds.2021.05.1215.

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Ghorbani, Faezeh, Mojtaba Kamyab, Fatemeh Azadinia, and Amir Ahmadi. "The Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Digital Inclinometer, Smartphone Applications, and the Cervical Range of Motion Device for Measuring the Cervical Range of Motion." Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.18.4.927.1.

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Objectives: Changes in the Range of Motion (ROM) are essential criteria in determining the severity of spinal disorders and could be effective in predicting pain progression. Instruments to measure the ROM are costly and unavailable in most therapy settings. While there is a tendency in therapists to use their smartphones instead, there is no report to measure the suitability of smartphones to be employed for this purpose. The current study aimed to compare the inter- and intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity of a Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device (as a gold standard), a digital inclinometer, and smartphones in measuring the CROM in asymptomatic adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (11 women, 13 men) aged 22 to 45 years were recruited for this study. Neck movements were assessed per study subject using CROM device, dual digital inclinometer, as well as IOS (for iPhone), and Android applications. Despite the popularity of using smartphone applications, there was no study comparing such applications. Results: The dual inclinometer and iPhone clinometer and compass applications presented acceptable absolute and relative reliability (ICC=0.662-0.913) and (ICC=0.753-0.887), respectively for neck movements in all planes. The reliability of the Android clinometer application in the sagittal and frontal planes was also acceptable (ICC=0.76-0.937); however, the Android compass application used in the horizontal plane indicated the least intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC: 0.202-0.433) in this area. Discussion: All the tested tools differed from the gold standard depending on the direction of movement, confirmed i.e. approved by the Bland-Altman. The dual digital inclinometer presented moderate to high agreement to the CROM device for all motions, except for rotation. The iPhone applications had high to a very high agreement, and the Android application revealed poor to a moderate agreement. These discrepancies should be considered in employing smartphones for diagnosing a cervical disorder and determining a therapeutic plan. However, as phone applications indicated desirable reproducibility, these tools could be used for the follow-up and monitoring of changes in the CROM.

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Teterevenkov, D. A., and S. I. Minin. "Automated System for Measuring Geometric Parameters of Graphite Masonry and Measuring Deviations of Technological Channels from the Vertical of the Channel Reactor EGP-6." KnE Engineering 3, no. 3 (February 21, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i3.1602.

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The system solves the problem of controlling the curvature and the diameter of the cells of the graphite masonry of the EGP-6 reactors in two mutually perpendicular planes during the routine preventive and overhaul repairs.Diameter control is carried out by means of 4 sensors of displacement of the resistor type fixed on the sensor probe block. Each of the sensors is mechanically connected to the roller, which is in direct contact with the channel wall. Diameter measurement uses data from sensors connected to two opposite rollers.Curvature control is performed using an ultrasonic inclinometer filled with liquid, which is located in the tail part of the probe. The inclinometer is designed for measuring angles of inclination in 2 mutually perpendicular planes. The data from the inclinometer is transmitted via the interface to an analog-to-digital converter, which is located in the measuring unit and is designed to convert the interface to USB.

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Ferber, Reed, Karen D. Kendall, and Lindsay McElroy. "Normative and Critical Criteria for Iliotibial Band and Iliopsoas Muscle Flexibility." Journal of Athletic Training 45, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.344.

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Abstract Context: The Ober and Thomas tests are subjective and involve a “negative” or “positive” assessment, making them difficult to apply within the paradigm of evidence-based medicine. No authors have combined the subjective clinical assessment with an objective measurement for these special tests. Objective: To compare the subjective assessment of iliotibial band and iliopsoas flexibility with the objective measurement of a digital inclinometer, to establish normative values, and to provide an evidence-based critical criterion for determining tissue tightness. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Clinical research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Three hundred recreational athletes (125 men, 175 women; 250 in injured group, 50 in control group). Main Outcome Measure(s): Iliotibial band and iliopsoas muscle flexibility were determined subjectively using the modified Ober and Thomas tests, respectively. Using a digital inclinometer, we objectively measured limb position. Interrater reliability for the subjective assessment was compared between 2 clinicians for a random sample of 100 injured participants, who were classified subjectively as either negative or positive for iliotibial band and iliopsoas tightness. Percentage of agreement indicated interrater reliability for the subjective assessment. Results: For iliotibial band flexibility, the average inclinometer angle was −24.59° ± 7.27°. A total of 432 limbs were subjectively assessed as negative (−27.13° ± 5.53°) and 168 as positive (−16.29° ± 6.87°). For iliopsoas flexibility, the average inclinometer angle was −10.60° ± 9.61°. A total of 392 limbs were subjectively assessed as negative (−15.51° ± 5.82°) and 208 as positive (0.34° ± 7.00°). The critical criteria for iliotibial band and iliopsoas flexibility were determined to be −23.16° and −9.69°, respectively. Between-clinicians agreement was very good, ranging from 95.0% to 97.6% for the Thomas and Ober tests, respectively. Conclusions: Subjective assessments and instrumented measurements were combined to establish normative values and critical criterions for tissue flexibility for the modified Ober and Thomas tests.

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Tasheva, R., and K. Kolev. "Innovation of the pelvis tilt functional diagnostics in children." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 3 (2019): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.03.020.

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THE AIM of the research is to make literature review and to study the possibilities for implementation of Digital Pelvic Inclinometer in functional diagnostic of the pelvis inclination during the prevention of the postural disorders in children. METHOD: The Digital Pelvic Inclinometer (DPI) developed by Sub-4 Technologies, is a precision measuring device used to quantify innominate bone inclination. Using the described technique, the DPI can be used to assess pelvic behavior by using the specialize protocols. DPI uses a digital display. This display allows the physiotherapist to see the output of the device while performing the measurement procedure. RESULTS: Twenty-five children were assessed by the DPI. The results show that the pelvic inclination in children were average for left 10.78º and for right 10.28º. Torsion was the difference between left and right inclination of innominate bones. Mean value of torsion is 2.108º this indicate potential for developing progression lordosis in children from 1 to 3 class. CONCLUSION This new and innovative methodology allows asymmetry, dysfunction and adaption to be quantified, allowing instant evidence based diagnosis and treatment. The DPI subsequently allows the physiotherapist to record normative values after treatment interventions have been implemented.

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Murzabekov, M. M., D. S. Bobrov, R. A. Davlatov, V. P. Lopatin, and I. N. Pchelin. "Results of comparing astronomical-geodetic and navigational-geodetic methods of determining the components of the deflection of vertical." Geodesy and Cartography 975, no. 9 (October 20, 2021): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2021-975-9-2-10.

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The authors present the results of comparing the components of deflection of vertical obtained through astronomical-geodetic and navigational-geodetic methods. The first one is based on comparing astronomical and geodetic coordinates of a location. This method has recently been widely implemented in a digital zenith camera systems using a small-sized digital telescope with an astronomical camera based on CCD or CMOS technologies, a high-precision inclinometer and satellite navigation system receiver. In this case, the combination of a telescope, an astronomical camera and an inclinometer enables determining the local direction of the plumb line, expressed by astronomical coordinates, from observations of stars at the zenith and using high-precision star catalogs. The navigational-geodetic method is based on comparing the results of the normal heights’ increments, defined through geometric leveling, and geodetic heights, computed with the relative method of satellite coordinate determinations. For each method, random and systematic components of the error and its confidence bounds were calculated; the absolute values of the deflection of vertical components at two geographically separated points were compared.

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Bucke, Jonathan, Simon Spencer, Louise Fawcett, Lawrence Sonvico, Alison Rushton, and Nicola R. Heneghan. "Validity of the Digital Inclinometer and iPhone When Measuring Thoracic Spine Rotation." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 820–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.6.05.

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Context: Spinal axial rotation is required for many functional and sporting activities. Eighty percent of axial rotation occurs in the thoracic spine. Existing measures of thoracic spine rotation commonly involve laboratory equipment, use a seated position, and include lumbar motion. A simple performance-based outcome measure would allow clinicians to evaluate isolated thoracic spine rotation. Currently, no valid measure exists. Objective: To explore the criterion and concurrent validity of a digital inclinometer (DI) and iPhone Clinometer app (iPhone) for measuring thoracic spine rotation using the heel-sit position. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 23 asymptomatic healthy participants (14 men, 9 women; age = 25.82 ± 4.28 years, height = 170.26 ± 8.01 cm, mass = 67.50 ± 9.46 kg, body mass index = 23.26 ± 2.79) were recruited from a student population. Main Outcome Measure(s): We took DI and iPhone measurements of thoracic spine rotation in the heel-sit position concurrently with dual-motion analysis (laboratory measure) and ultrasound imaging of the underlying bony tissue motion (reference standard). To determine the criterion and concurrent validity, we used the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r, 2 tailed) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The DI (r = 0.88, P < .001) and iPhone (r = 0.88, P < .001) demonstrated strong criterion validity. Both also had strong concurrent validity (r = 0.98, P < .001). Bland-Altman plots illustrated mean differences of 5.82° (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.37°, −8.73°) and 4.94° (95% CI = 19.23°, −9.35°) between the DI and iPhone, respectively, and the reference standard and 0.87° (95% CI = 6.79°, −5.05°) between the DI and iPhone. Conclusions: The DI and iPhone provided valid measures of thoracic spine rotation in the heel-sit position. Both can be used in clinical practice to assess thoracic spine rotation, which may be valuable when evaluating thoracic dysfunction.

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Scibek, Jason S., and Christopher R. Carcia. "Validation and Repeatability of a Shoulder Biomechanics Data Collection Methodology and Instrumentation." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 5 (October 2013): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.5.609.

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The purpose of our study was to establish criterion-related validity and repeatability of a shoulder biomechanics testing protocol involving an electromagnetic tracking system (Flock of Birds [FoB]). Eleven subjects completed humeral elevation tasks in the sagittal, scapular, and frontal planes on two occasions. Shoulder kinematics were assessed with a digital inclinometer and the FoB. Intrasession and intersession repeatability for orthopedic angles, and humeral and scapular kinematics ranged from moderate to excellent. Correlation analyses revealed strong relationships between inclinometer and FoB measures of humeral motion, yet considerable mean differences were noted between the measurement devices. Our results validate use of the FoB for measuring humeral kinematics and establish our testing protocol as reliable. We must continue to consider factors that can impact system accuracy and the effects they may have on kinematic descriptions and how data are reported.

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Krause, David A., John H. Hollman, Aaron J. Krych, Michael M. Kalisvaart, and Bruce A. Levy. "Reliability of hip internal rotation range of motion measurement using a digital inclinometer." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 23, no. 9 (June 11, 2014): 2562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-3096-0.

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Wang, Tie Liu, Yang Dong, Jing Shen, Kui Leng, and Hao Meng. "Design of a Digital Tower Tilting Measuring Instrument Based on MEMS Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.608.

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Abstract: This article introduces a new digital inclinometer . It is designed by the combination of MEMS sensors and LPC1114 which is popular with low-power, low-cost 32-bit cortex-M0 embedded microprocessor on the market. Kalman fitter the Digital signal output of MEMS accelerometer and gyroscope . Then calculate the inclination angle in degrees. Finally, transfers data to a remote server. The instrument is low cost, fast signal processing speed, and solar green energy. It has a small size, light weight, high accuracy and high precision. Then, it can be widely used in the tower tilting real-time monitoring of electricity, buildings, bridges and gravity reference system.

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Prushansky, Tamara, Noa Ezra, Naama Kurse, Lotem Man, and Yael Schneiderman. "Reproducibility of sagittal pelvic tilt measurements in normal subjects using digital inclinometry." Gait & Posture 28, no. 3 (October 2008): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.015.

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Kolber, Morey J., Fernando Vega, Kristen Widmayer, and Ming-Shun S. Cheng. "The reliability and minimal detectable change of shoulder mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer." Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 27, no. 2 (August 8, 2010): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2010.481011.

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Scibek, Jason S. "Assessment of scapulohumeral rhythm for scapular plane shoulder elevation using a modified digital inclinometer." World Journal of Orthopedics 3, no. 6 (2012): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v3.i6.87.

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Fosalau, Cristian, Cristian Zet, and Daniel Petrisor. "Multiaxis inclinometer for in depth measurement of landslide movements." Sensor Review 35, no. 3 (June 15, 2015): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2014-0718.

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Purpose – The paper aims to present a device devoted to detect and measure earth displacements produced by landslides. This device is an inclinometer type geotechnical instrument. It is widely known that landslides are categorized among the most destructive disasters that yearly produce huge damages and even human lives losses. Design/methodology/approach – The principle of operation is based on measuring the deformation produced during soil layers sliding to a rod vertically mounted into the ground. The rod deformation is detected by highly sensitive strain gauges developed by authors using the stress impedance effect occurring in non-magnetostrictive magnetic amorphous microwires. The gauges are mounted in bridge configurations along the rod, beside the corresponding analogue and digital signal processing circuitry. Findings – The landslide transducer is able to calculate the displacement of the soil layers at different levels of depth and the direction of the landslide. It has been tested in laboratory in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. A resolution of less than 1 mm has been achieved for displacement detection, whereas orientation may be calculated with about a maximum accuracy of less than 20 degrees. Research limitations/implications – Problems occurred in the manufacturing process of the gauges because of the quite large dispersion of the microwire parameters, as well as with gluing the gauges on the rod, that is compulsory to be well done, otherwise the gauges relaxation occurs with consequence in time stability decay. Originality/value – With respect to other commercial devices, our inclinometer is characterized by high sensitivity and also by possibility of 3D measuring, it being able to gauge in depth the amplitude and orientation of the landslide.

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Yang, Mo, Nalin Warnajith, Atsushi Minato, and Satoru Ozawa. "Development of Perpendicular Sensor for Disaster Prevention." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2174.

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Monitoring of inclination of land is important to prevent damage from landslide. Low cost and stable system is necessary for this purpose. This paper presents a new inclination measurement system and its application to sensor network of disaster prevention. Our system has a bull's eye level, a digital camera and wireless module. The angle and direction of inclination is measured from the photo of bull's eye level. The achieved resolution was 0.0053degree/pixel using a bull's eye level with a curvature radius of 800 mm. Measurement data was compared with the data from commercial inclinometer.

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Gosse, Georgia, Emily Ward, Auburn McIntyre, and Helen A. Banwell. "The reliability and validity of the weight-bearing lunge test in a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population (CTEV)." PeerJ 9 (January 5, 2021): e10253. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10253.

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Question What is the intra and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the weight-bearing lunge test within a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population? Design Test retest design for reliability and validity. The measure was taken, following preconditioning of the participants, using distance from wall, angle at distal posterior tibia using a digital inclinometer and the iPhone level function, twice by each rater. The raters included a clinician, clinician in training and a parent/carer. Outcome measures Weight bearing lunge test as a measure of ankle dorsiflexion. Results Twelve children aged 5–10 years were eligible to participate and consented, along with their parents. Intra-reliability of distance measures for all raters were good to excellent (ICC clinician 0.95, ICC training clinician 0.98 and ICC parent 0.89). Intra-rater reliability of the iPhone for all raters was good (ICCs > 0.751) and good to excellent for the inclinometer (ICC clinician 0.87, ICC training clinician 0.90). Concurrent validity between the clinician’s and parents distance measure was also high with ICC of 0.899. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for distance measure (ICC = 0.948), good for the inclinometer (ICC = 0.801) and moderate for the iPhone (ICC = 0.68). Standard error of measurement ranged from 0.70–2.05, whilst the minimal detectable change ranged from 1.90–5.70. Conclusion The use of the WBLT within this CTEV population has demonstrated good to excellent reliability and validity amongst clinicians, clinicians in training and parents/carers, supporting its use as an assessment measure of dorsiflexion range of motion. There is support for parents/carers to use the WBLT at home as a monitoring assessment measure which may assist with early detection of a relapse. Trial registration University of South Australia’s ethics committee (ID: 201397); Women’s and Children’s Hospital ethics committee (AU/1/4BD7310).

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Maarouf, Abdollah, Ali Asghar Norasteh, Hasan Daneshmandi, and Ahmad Ebrahimi Atri. "The Effect of a Corrective Exercise Program Based on Scapula Stability on Scapular Upward Rotation and Scapulohumeral Rhythm in Wheelchair Basketball Athletes With Bilateral Scapula Rotational Syndrome." Journal of Rehabilitation 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 488–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/rj.21.4.3105.1.

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Objective The present study aimed to investigate the effect of scapular stability-based corrective exercise program on scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm in Wheelchair Basketball (WB) players with bilateral scapular downward rotation syndrome. Materials & Methods: According to the research conditions, 24 wheelchair basketball athletes with spinal cord injury voluntarily participated in this study. Initially, eight players were selected from each sport class (1 to 1.5 class, 2 to 2.5 class, and 3 to 4.5 class). Then, four subjects in each group were randomly assigned to each group (12 control subjects with Mean±SD age of 43.23±11.0 years and 12 experimental subjects with Mean±SD age of 39.08±5.08 years). Thus, the control and experimental groups were present in an equal number of three sport classes. WB athletes were professional players in Mashhad City league, Iran. The participants were classified according to the Classification Committee of the IWBF, as well as the corresponding national classification from the Islamic Republic of Iran Sports Federation for the Disabled (IRISFD). Two digital inclinometers were used to measure the humeral range of motion and scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm in resting position, 45°, 90°, and 135° shoulder abduction in scaption plane. The exercise group performed scapular stability-based corrective exercises based on the Gym training principles and following ACSM guidelines for eight weeks. The independent t-test, analysis of variance, and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis at the significant level of less or equal to 0.05. Results: The results showed no significant asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant shoulders in the scapula’s upward rotation at different angles of shoulder abduction. Contrary to the non-dominant shoulder, the dominant shoulder’s scapula had a less downward rotation at the resting position and a higher upward rotation at 45° of shoulder abduction. Also, in 45° humeral abduction, the dominant shoulder has a less scapulohumeral rhythm ratio than the non-dominant shoulder. WB athletes’ dominant shoulders in lower classes (2-2.5 and 3-4.5) have less scapular downward rotation in scapular resting position and more scapular upward rotation in 45°, 90° 135° humeral abduction. There was no significant difference in scapulohumeral rhythm ratio between WB players with different classes. Scapular upward rotation increased significantly after eight weeks of scapular stability-based corrective exercise program (P≤0.05). Also, a significant decrease in the scapular upward rotation was observed at post-program in resting position (P=0.001) and significantly increased in 45° (P=0.01), 90° (P=0.001), and 135° (P=0.001) humeral abduction compared with pre-program in dominant and non-dominant shoulders. However, the ratio of scapulohumeral rhythm in the dominant shoulder did not improve significantly, and the ratio of scapulohumeral rhythm in the non-dominant shoulder improved at 90° and 135°. Conclusion: Scapular stability-based corrective exercises can be used as one of the training methods to restore muscle balance, prevent and correct scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm in wheelchair basketball athletes. Therapists should know that some degrees of scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm asymmetry may be common in WB players. This asymmetry should not always be considered a pathological symptom but may be an adaptation to exercise training and frequent use of the upper extremity.

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Li, Zhi, and Frank H. Durgin. "Design, data, and theory regarding a digital hand inclinometer: a portable device for studying slant perception." Behavior Research Methods 43, no. 2 (February 7, 2011): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-010-0047-7.

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Lin, H. Y., and T. J. Wang. "Reliability of dual digital inclinometer in measuring thoracic kyphosis angle and thoracic mobility in healthy adults." Physiotherapy 101 (May 2015): e879-e880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1710.

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OMURA, Sota, and Shigeki YOKOYAMA. "Intra- and Inter-rater Reliability of Evaluation of the Thoracic Kyphosis Angle with a Digital Inclinometer." Rigakuryoho Kagaku 36, no. 3 (2021): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.36.325.

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MacIntyre, Norma J., Lisa Bennett, Alison M. Bonnyman, and Paul W. Stratford. "Optimizing Reliability of Digital Inclinometer and Flexicurve Ruler Measures of Spine Curvatures in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis of the Spine: An Illustration of the Use of Generalizability Theory." ISRN Rheumatology 2011 (February 7, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/571698.

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The study illustrates the application of generalizability theory (G-theory) to identify measurement protocols that optimize reliability of two clinical methods for assessing spine curvatures in women with osteoporosis. Triplicate measures of spine curvatures were acquired for 9 postmenopausal women with spine osteoporosis by two raters during a single visit using a digital inclinometer and a flexicurve ruler. G-coefficients were estimated using a G-study, and a measurement protocol that optimized inter-rater and inter-trial reliability was identified using follow-up decision studies. The G-theory provides reliability estimates for measurement devices which can be generalized to different clinical contexts and/or measurement designs.

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Alahmari, KhalidA. "Normal cervical spine range of motion using digital inclinometer in male asymptomatic subjects of Aseer, Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine 17, no. 1 (2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-6308.197469.

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Kolber, Morey J., Cydne Fuller, Jessica Marshall, Amanda Wright, and William J. Hanney,. "The reliability and concurrent validity of scapular plane shoulder elevation measurements using a digital inclinometer and goniometer." Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 28, no. 2 (July 3, 2011): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2011.574203.

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Bucke, J., S. Spencer, L. Fawcett, A. Rushton, and N. Heneghan. "Clinical assessment of thoracic axial rotation: A criterion-related validity study of a digital inclinometer and iPhone." Manual Therapy 25 (September 2016): e84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2016.05.140.

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Prushansky, Tamara, Orly Deryi, and Bahaa Jabarreen. "Reproducibility and validity of digital inclinometry for measuring cervical range of motion in normal subjects." Physiotherapy Research International 15, no. 1 (June 24, 2009): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pri.443.

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Zhang, Jun. "The Research on Image Stability of Air Object Based on Camera on Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.14.

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In tracking object by a camera, the jolting of the vehicle will increase the deviation of the skewing value of the air object in the image. a method of image stability based on digital inclinometer is presented in this paper. The incline angles caused by the jolting of the vehicle are measured by the angle sensor, and the incline angles are used to eliminate the object image deviation caused by jolting and to stabilize the object image. The method for acquiring the height of object by a single camera is also discussed in the paper during the process of extracting the image deviation. The extraction errors of the deviation are analyzed and simulated; the simulation results show the efficiency of the method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Digital inclinometers'

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