Journal articles: 'Digital inclinometers'

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Kaharuddin, S., M. F. Ain, M. N. Mamat, M. N. Abdullah, and Mohamad Firdaus Bin Mahamad Yusob. "Soil mass movement monitoring for landslide detection using low-cost accelerometer sensor as inclinometer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, no. 1 (2022): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012056.

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Abstract This paper presents soil mass movement monitoring for landslides detection using low-cost MEMS accelerometer as inclinometer. Commercial inclinometers for geotechnical ground observations are quite expensive. This research aims to study and develop low-cost inclinometer as an alternative using accelerometer. The output of the low-cost accelerometer is noisy and fluctuated make it not suitable for accurate measurement device. We solved this problem in this paper using moving average filter. The digital filter algorithm was tested and showed promising results.

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Watts, Daniel, Daniel Bye, Divya Nelson, et al. "USING A DIGITAL INCLINOMETER SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES THE ACCURACY OF DEROTATION OSTEOTOMY: A SIMULATION STUDY." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_10 (2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.10.006.

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IntroductionDerotation osteotomies are commonly performed in paediatric orthopaedic and limb reconstruction practice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of a digital inclinometer significantly improves the accuracy in attaining the desired correction.Materials & MethodsWe designed an electronic survey regarding derotation femoral osteotomy (DFO) including methods of intra-operative angular correction assessment and acceptable margins of error for correction. This was distributed to 28 paediatric orthopaedic surgeons in our region. A DFO model was created, using an anatomic sawbone with foam covering. 8 orthopaedic surgeons each performed two 30-degree DFOs, one using K-wires and visual estimation (VE), and the other using a Digital Inclinometer (DI). Two radiologists reported pre and post procedure rotational profile CT scans to assess the achieved rotational correction.ResultsThere was a 68% response rate to the survey. The most popular methods of estimating intra-operative correction were reported to be K-wires and rotation marks on bone. The majority of respondents reported that a 6–10 degree margin of error was acceptable for a 30-degree derotation. This was therefore set as the upper limit for acceptable error margin in the simulation study. The mean error in rotation in the VE group of simulated DFO was 19.7 degrees, with error>5 degrees and error>10 degrees in 7 (88%) and 6 (75%) cases respectively. Mean error in DI group was 3.1 degrees, with error>5 degrees in 1 case (13%).ConclusionsOur results show that the compared to conventional techniques, the use of an inclinometer significantly improves the accuracy of femoral de-rotation and significantly reduces the incidence of unacceptable errors in correction. We would suggest that digital inclinometers be used to assess intra-operative correction during derotation osteotomies.

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Kozłowski, Aleksander, Damian Kukla, and Damian Nykiel. "Implementation of a digital image correlation system in the research of steel structure joints." Inżynieria i Budownictwo LXXIX, no. 9-10 (2023): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8871.

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The paper presents problems and challenges in measuring the displacements and strains of steel structure joints using digital image correlation system. A beam-to-column bolted extended end-plate joints were tested under static loading until failure. An Aramis 2D digital image correlation system, inductive sensors, inclinometers and electrical resistive strain gauges were used to measure the displacement and strains of the element. Strains values obtained by electrical resistive strain gauging and digital image correlation were compared

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Hannah, Daniel C. "Collecting shoulder kinematics with electromagnetic tracking systems and digital inclinometers: A review." World Journal of Orthopedics 6, no. 10 (2015): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v6.i10.783.

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Beshara, Peter, David B. Anderson, Matthew Pelletier, and William R. Walsh. "The Reliability of the Microsoft Kinect and Ambulatory Sensor-Based Motion Tracking Devices to Measure Shoulder Range-of-Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 24 (2021): 8186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248186.

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Advancements in motion sensing technology can potentially allow clinicians to make more accurate range-of-motion (ROM) measurements and informed decisions regarding patient management. The aim of this study was to systematically review and appraise the literature on the reliability of the Kinect, inertial sensors, smartphone applications and digital inclinometers/goniometers to measure shoulder ROM. Eleven databases were screened (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL, SPORTSDiscus, Compendex, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Proquest Science and Technology, Scopus, and PubMed). The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the consensus-based standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Reliability assessment used intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the criteria from Swinkels et al. (2005). Thirty-two studies were included. A total of 24 studies scored “adequate” and 2 scored “very good” for the reliability standards. Only one study scored “very good” and just over half of the studies (18/32) scored “adequate” for the measurement error standards. Good intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.85) and inter-rater reliability (ICC > 0.80) was demonstrated with the Kinect, smartphone applications and digital inclinometers. Overall, the Kinect and ambulatory sensor-based human motion tracking devices demonstrate moderate–good levels of intra- and inter-rater reliability to measure shoulder ROM. Future reliability studies should focus on improving study design with larger sample sizes and recommended time intervals between repeated measurements.

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Aldiamar, Fahmi, Masyhur Irsyam, Bigman Hutapea, Endra Susila, and Ramli Nazir. "Evaluation of Lateral and Axial Deformation for Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Construction Using 3 Dimension Finite Element Method." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 53, no. 5 (2021): 210503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.5.3.

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Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (MRTJ) phase 1 tunnel construction using the earth pressure balance method has been completed and surface settlement and lateral displacement data according to elevation and inclinometer readings has been collected to evaluate the effect of tunnel’s construction on surrounding infrastructure. Soil stratification along the research area, defined according to boring logs and soil parameters for the hardening soil model (HSM) and the soft soil model (SSM), was determined by optimization of stress-strain curve fitting between CU triaxial test, consolidation test and soil test models in the Plaxis 3D software. Evaluation of the result of surface settlement measurements using an automatic digital level combined with geodetic GPS for elevation and position control points showed that the displacement behavior was affected by vehicle load and stiffness of the pavement. Lateral displacement measurements using inclinometers give a more accurate result since they are placed on the soil and external influences are smaller than surface settlement measurement. The result of 3D finite element modeling showed that surface settlement and lateral displacement during TBM construction can be predicted using HSM with 2% contraction. SSM and the closed-form solutions of Loganathan and Poulos are unable to provide a good result compared to the actual displacement from measurements.

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Us, Semyon Sergevich, Evgeniy Vladimirovich Marshanin, Konstantin Evgenievich Kuznetsov, Evgeniy Evgeievich Kuznetsov, and Sergey Vasilievich Shchitov. "The use of modern digital devices for fixing the parameters of movement of agricultural units." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i8pp147-154.

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Despite a significant range of methods for determining mechanical failures known in modern industries, the issue of large-scale use and expansion of the scope of modern digital devices and instrumentation systems, which previously had rather limited specifics in the form of individual elements of control systems, remains relevant as before. Taking into account that in the modern state of technology, high-tech digital solutions are most in demand, capable of carrying out in-place research and fixing the operating parameters of complex systems and units used in the agro-industrial complex at a qualitative level and with a minimum time spent on diagnostic work or testing, it seems to be the most promising the use of digital inclinometers, with their low cost, manufacturability and availability, providing significant opportunities for measuring and fixing the design and technological parameters of a complex, machine or unit. The article substantiates the use of a high-precision inclinometric complex both for carrying out diagnostic work and for measuring the necessary parameters of a technological complex in motion and presents the results of experimental studies.

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Hannink, E., T. Shannon, H. Dawes, and K. Barker. "Measurement of sagittal spine curvature: comparing the Kinect depth camera to the flexicurve and digital inclinometers in a clinical population." Physiotherapy 107 (May 2020): e21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.031.

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Ivanovsky, A. N., Ye G. Zinchenko, and S. G. Cherny. "Machine learning technologies for automated draft measurements." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-2-s-i-33-39.

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This paper discusses the process of ship draft measurement known as draft survey. The purpose of the study was to improve the accuracy of draft survey results and the efficiency of this procedure itself. The study relies on video footages of draft marks, as well as clinometer readings, following the methods of digital image processing, machine learning, digital signal processing, linear filtering and applied programming. The tools developed as a result of this work are based on machine-learning algorithms and can perform draft surveys even in bad weather. Accuracy limits depend on camera resolution, lighting and weather conditions. Combined with linear filtering algorithms and ship inclinometers, this technology might offer draft survey tolerances as narrow as several millimeters, thus being well above its existing counterparts. Automated draft survey method suggested in this paper will make cargo weight measurements of bulkers more accurate, thus saving time and money, as well as making survey results independent on human error. Relying on machine-learning and computer-vision technologies, this method is universal and will work with any type of ships. Theoretical value of this study is that it gives a comprehensive review of what ship draft is and how it is measured.

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Branlard, Emmanuel, Jason Jonkman, Cameron Brown, and Jiatian Zhang. "A digital twin solution for floating offshore wind turbines validated using a full-scale prototype." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1-2024.

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Abstract. In this work, we implement, verify, and validate a physics-based digital twin solution applied to a floating offshore wind turbine. The digital twin is validated using measurement data from the full-scale TetraSpar prototype. We focus on the estimation of the aerodynamic loads, wind speed, and section loads along the tower, with the aim of estimating the fatigue lifetime of the tower. Our digital twin solution integrates (1) a Kalman filter to estimate the structural states based on a linear model of the structure and measurements from the turbine, (2) an aerodynamic estimator, and (3) a physics-based virtual sensing procedure to obtain the loads along the tower. The digital twin relies on a set of measurements that are expected to be available on any existing wind turbine (power, pitch, rotor speed, and tower acceleration) and motion sensors that are likely to be standard measurements for a floating platform (inclinometers and GPS sensors). We explore two different pathways to obtain physics-based models: a suite of dedicated Python tools implemented as part of this work and the OpenFAST linearization feature. In our final version of the digital twin, we use components from both approaches. We perform different numerical experiments to verify the individual models of the digital twin. In this simulation realm, we obtain estimated damage equivalent loads of the tower fore–aft bending moment with an accuracy of approximately 5 % to 10 %. When comparing the digital twin estimations with the measurements from the TetraSpar prototype, the errors increased to 10 %–15 % on average. Overall, the accuracy of the results is promising and demonstrates the possibility of using digital twin solutions to estimate fatigue loads on floating offshore wind turbines. A natural continuation of this work would be to implement the monitoring and diagnostics aspect of the digital twin to inform operation and maintenance decisions. The digital twin solution is provided with examples as part of an open-source repository.

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Gollob, Christoph, Tim Ritter, and Arne Nothdurft. "Comparison of 3D Point Clouds Obtained by Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Personal Laser Scanning on Forest Inventory Sample Plots." Data 5, no. 4 (2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5040103.

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In forest inventory, trees are usually measured using handheld instruments; among the most relevant are calipers, inclinometers, ultrasonic devices, and laser range finders. Traditional forest inventory has been redesigned since modern laser scanner technology became available. Laser scanners generate massive data in the form of 3D point clouds. We have developed a novel methodology to provide estimates of the tree positions, stem diameters, and tree heights from these 3D point clouds. This dataset was made publicly accessible to test new software routines for the automatic measurement of forest trees using laser scanner data. Benchmark studies with performance tests of different algorithms are welcome. The dataset contains co-registered raw 3D point-cloud data collected on 20 forest inventory sample plots in Austria. The data were collected by two different laser scanning systems: (1) A mobile personal laser scanner (PLS) (ZEB Horizon, GeoSLAM Ltd., Nottingham, UK) and (2) a static terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) (Focus3D X330, Faro Technologies Inc., Lake Mary, FL, USA). The data also contain digital terrain models (DTMs), field measurements as reference data (ground-truth), and the output of recent software routines for the automatic tree detection and the automatic stem diameter measurement.

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Irwansyah, Weriono, Ibnu Hajar, Burhan Hafid, M. Muttaqin, and Ari Purnomo. "Experimental investigation of buoy frame width on water motorbike stability response time." JTTM : Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin 6, no. 1 (2025): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.37373/jttm.v6i1.1471.

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This study investigates the impact of buoy frame width on the stability response time of water motorbikes, focusing on their ability to regain equilibrium after tilting. Water motorbikes are innovative vehicles designed to navigate flood-prone areas where conventional motorcycles cannot operate effectively. To enhance stability, buoyant frames of varying widths—40 cm, 45 cm, and 50 cm—were tested at three initial tilt angles: 5°, 10°, and 15°. The research employed an experimental approach, utilizing digital inclinometers to measure tilt angles and stopwatches to record response times. Data analysis revealed that frame width significantly affects stability, with wider frames yielding faster response times. For instance, at a 5° tilt angle, the 50 cm frame achieved a response time of 3.12 seconds, compared to 4.84 seconds for the 40 cm frame. Similarly, wider frames consistently outperformed narrower configurations across all tested angles. ANOVA results confirmed the statistical significance of the findings, with p-values less than 0.05. The results demonstrate that increasing the width of buoy frames enhances the stability of water motorbikes, making them more efficient and reliable for use in flood-affected areas. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of water motorbikes, contributing to safer and more practical solutions for flood navigation.

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Macefield, Vaughan G., Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Niamh Goulding, Jose-Alberto Palma, Cristina Fuente Mora, and Horacio Kaufmann. "Increasing cutaneous afferent feedback improves proprioceptive accuracy at the knee in patients with sensory ataxia." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 2 (2016): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00148.2015.

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Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN III) features disturbed proprioception and a marked ataxic gait. We recently showed that joint angle matching error at the knee is positively correlated with the degree of ataxia. Using intraneural microelectrodes, we also documented that these patients lack functional muscle spindle afferents but have preserved large-diameter cutaneous afferents, suggesting that patients with better proprioception may be relying more on proprioceptive cues provided by tactile afferents. We tested the hypothesis that enhancing cutaneous sensory feedback by stretching the skin at the knee joint using unidirectional elasticity tape could improve proprioceptive accuracy in patients with a congenital absence of functional muscle spindles. Passive joint angle matching at the knee was used to assess proprioceptive accuracy in 25 patients with HSAN III and 9 age-matched control subjects, with and without taping. Angles of the reference and indicator knees were recorded with digital inclinometers and the absolute error, gradient, and correlation coefficient between the two sides calculated. Patients with HSAN III performed poorly on the joint angle matching test [mean matching error 8.0 ± 0.8° (±SE); controls 3.0 ± 0.3°]. Following application of tape bilaterally to the knee in an X-shaped pattern, proprioceptive performance improved significantly in the patients (mean error 5.4 ± 0.7°) but not in the controls (3.0 ± 0.2°). Across patients, but not controls, significant increases in gradient and correlation coefficient were also apparent following taping. We conclude that taping improves proprioception at the knee in HSAN III, presumably via enhanced sensory feedback from the skin.

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O’Neill, Christopher K. J., Janet C. Hill, Christopher C. Patterson, Dennis O. Molloy, Harinderjit S. Gill, and David E. Beverland. "Reducing variability in apparent operative inclination during total hip arthroplasty: findings of a randomised controlled trial." HIP International 28, no. 3 (2018): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700018777485.

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Aims: To determine which of 3 methods of cup insertion most accurately achieved a target apparent operative inclination (AOI) of 35° ± 2.5°: (1) Freehand; (2) Modified Mechanical Alignment Guide (MAG); or (3) Digital Inclinometer assisted. Methods: Using a cementless cup via a posterior approach in lateral decubitus 270 participants were recruited, with 90 randomised to each method. The primary outcome was the unsigned deviation from target AOI. The digital inclinometer was used to measure AOI in all cases, though the surgeon remained blinded to the reading intraoperatively for both the Freehand and MAG methods. Results: Mean deviation from target AOI for the Freehand, Modified 35° MAG and Digital Inclinometer techniques was 2.9°, 1.8° and 1.3° respectively. When comparing mean deviation from target AOI, statistically significant differences between the Freehand / Inclinometer groups ( p < 0.001), the Freehand / Modified 35° MAG groups ( p < 0.001) and the Digital Inclinometer / Modified 35° MAG groups ( p < 0.023) were evident. The Digital Inclinometer technique enabled the surgeon to achieve a target AOI of 35° ± 2.5° in 88% of cases, compared to 71% of Modified 35° MAG cases and only 51% of Freehand cases. Discussion: The Digital Inclinometer and the Modified 35° MAG techniques were both more accurate than the Freehand technique, with the Digital Inclinometer technique proving most accurate overall. Radiographic inclination (RI) is also influenced by operative anteversion; however, the greatest source of error with respect to RI occurs when the pelvic sagittal plane is not horizontal at the time of acetabular component insertion. Clinical Trial Protocol number: NCT01831401

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Hwang, Myeungsik, Sangbin Lee, and Chaegil Lim. "Effects of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Scapula Function in Office Workers with Scapula Dyskinesis." Medicina 57, no. 4 (2021): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040332.

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Background and Objectives; Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) are effective in improving and maintaining Range of motion(ROM), increasing muscular strength and power, and increasing athletic performance, especially after exercise. The scapula patterns defined in PNF are activated within the upper extremity patterns and scapula motions together. Proper function of the upper extremities requires both motion and stability of the scapula. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scapula stabilization exercise training involving muscle strengthening, muscle balance, and movement control exercises on office workers with scapula dysfunction. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 office workers with scapula dyskinesis were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: muscle strengthening exercise group (n = 14), muscle balance exercise group (n = 14), and movement control exercise group (n = 14). The participants underwent 18 sessions (25 min/session, 3 days a week for 6 weeks) of training involving the three types of exercises. Results: The measurement outcomes included the scapula index, measured using a digital Vernier caliper; scapula function, evaluated using the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire (pain and performing, work ability, and sports and art activities); and scapulohumeral movements (scapula upward rotation at humeral abduction angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°), evaluated using inclinometers. After the exercise intervention, the scapula index (p = 0.002), DASH pain and performing score (p = 0.000), DASH work ability score (p = 0.000), DASH sports and art activity score (p = 0.027), and scapulohumeral movements (scapula upward rotation at 0° (p = 0.013) and 45° (p = 0.043) humeral abduction) showed significantly greater improvements in the movement control group than in the muscle strengthening and muscle balance groups. Conclusions: Thus, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation can be used as a rehabilitation intervention for scapula position and movement, pain reduction, and functional improvement in office workers with scapula dyskinesis.

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Verma, Rahul, Angeline R. N. Nyamuzihwa, Thabo Lesetlhe, John Blick, and Malsawmtluanga . "Design optimisation of Jwaneng mine cut 9 waste dumps." Disaster Advances 18, no. 6 (2025): 65–73. https://doi.org/10.25303/186da065073.

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This study includes a detailed review of the Jwaneng Diamond Mine waste dumps using a recent comprehensive rock waste, stockpiles and tailings stability assessment method called Waste Dump Stability Rating and Hazard Classification System (WSRHC), a finite element method-based program called RS2 and a limit equilibrium program called SLIDE both from Rocscience Inc. They prove to be more hazardous as the dumps are growing in size and are getting affected by major mine developments like Cut 9 pushback which is advancing to the place where most of the old waste dumps are located. The stability status of these Jwaneng Diamond Mine waste dumps has not been studied at large convincingly. As with the open pit, monitoring of the current waste dumps should be an integral part of Jwaneng mine operations. Visual inspections are recommended to be done around the dumps and on-top to check for failed material and newly formed tension cracks. Intense tracking/monitoring of displacements/failures within the dumps, is a must practice specially a day after significant blasting in the Cut 9 walls and about 3 days after heavy rainfalls of the magnitude like the one of Cyclone Dineo. For such visual inspection, several recommendations are proposed. These are installation of different Radar systems such as Time Domain Reflectometers (TDR) and inclinometers, to detect movements of deep-seated slip surfaces, installation of Piezometers to monitor water table levels and seasonal ground moisture variations, installation of interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars and comparison of weekly Digital Terrain Models (DTM), installation of Frequent field tests to obtain bearing capacities of the foundation material in the Jwaneng mine dumps, monitoring of saturated unit weights for the individual rock units (and sand), designing a systematic drainage or relief plan and construction of complete hydrogeological model considering regional water flow patterns of the study area.

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Copland, Luke, Jon Harbor, Marie Minner, and Martin Sharp. "The use of borehole inclinometry in determining basal sliding and internal deformation at Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland." Annals of Glaciology 24 (1997): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500012404.

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A series of boreholes were drilled with high-pressure hot water across a section of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in summer 1995. Twenty-three of the boreholes were profiled with a digital inclinometer soon aller drilling, and 14 were re-profiled up to 6 weeks later to determine changes in the longitudinal shape of boreholes with time. In addition to the main surveys, three boreholes were surveyed 14 times each to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of inclinometry measurements. These repeat surveys suggest that caution is needed in the interpretation of short-term borehole displacement measurements, and that the reoccupation of boreholes from one year to the next may be a better way to determine patterns of internal deformation and basal sliding. The annual scale may also have advantages in providing more long-term insight into glaciological processes than short term (single season) measurements.

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Copland, Luke, Jon Harbor, Marie Minner, and Martin Sharp. "The use of borehole inclinometry in determining basal sliding and internal deformation at Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland." Annals of Glaciology 24 (1997): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500012404.

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A series of boreholes were drilled with high-pressure hot water across a section of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in summer 1995. Twenty-three of the boreholes were profiled with a digital inclinometer soon aller drilling, and 14 were re-profiled up to 6 weeks later to determine changes in the longitudinal shape of boreholes with time. In addition to the main surveys, three boreholes were surveyed 14 times each to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of inclinometry measurements. These repeat surveys suggest that caution is needed in the interpretation of short-term borehole displacement measurements, and that the reoccupation of boreholes from one year to the next may be a better way to determine patterns of internal deformation and basal sliding. The annual scale may also have advantages in providing more long-term insight into glaciological processes than short term (single season) measurements.

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Bao, Hong Ping, Yue Xiang Hu, Ming Lv, and Jie Zhang. "Design and Implementation Based on ADXL213 of the Digital Inclinometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.400.

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This paper used the ADXL213 dual-axis tilt sensor produced by Analog Device and NXP company's LPC1114/301 series microcontroller to make a digital inclinometer. The inclinometer has the advantages of reliable work and high measurement precision as well as the advantage of low cost. The paper mainly discussed the system hardware circuit design, software flow and the factors affecting the accuracy of the analysis, also proposed and implemented feasible compensation approaches, designed and manufactured a digital inclinometer in kind.

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Goodland, Christopher W., Andrew Crone, Mark Robinson, et al. "Reducing variability in apparent operative inclination (AOI) during total hip arthroplasty: comparing the ball in cage mechanical alignment device to a digital inclinometer." HIP International 35, no. 3 (2025): 253–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/11207000251323235.

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Introduction: When operating in lateral decubitus apparent operative inclination (AOI) is the angle between the handle of the acetabular cup introducer and the theatre floor. A digital inclinometer has demonstrated optimal control of AOI. This study aims to compare the deviation from a target AOI with a novel autoclavable ball-in-cage mechanical alignment guide (MAG) as compared to a digital inclinometer. Methods: 90 primary total hip arthroplasty cases performed in lateral decubitus using a posterior approach were included. The ball-in-cage mechanical alignment guide on a standard Pinnacle cup introducer handle was used to achieve the target AOI of 35° ± 2.5°. Final AOI was measured with a digital inclinometer. These readings were compared to a published historical series of 90 patients using a digital inclinometer. Results: The ball-in-cage MAG mean inclination was 35.0° (range 32.5–37.4°), with 100% falling within target. This compared to a mean inclination of 34.0° (range 27.5–37.5°), with the digital inclinometer where 87.8% fell within target. However, the range of postoperative radiographic inclination for the ball-in-cage MAG was 23.4–53.9° with 31.1% being outside a ±5° target. Conclusions: These results indicate that this simple autoclavable ball-in-cage MAG consistently achieves an intraoperative AOI within target range. In isolation this does not guarantee a postoperative radiographic inclination within target range.

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Fernández-Vizcaino, Carlos, Eduardo Nieto-García, Nadia Fernández-Ehrling, and Javier Ferrer-Torregrosa. "Improving the Accuracy of Metatarsal Osteotomies in Minimally Invasive Foot Surgery Using a Digital Inclinometer: Preliminary Study." Sensors 24, no. 3 (2024): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24031022.

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Minimally invasive foot surgery (MIS) has become a common procedure to treat various pathologies, and accuracy in the angle of metatarsal osteotomies is crucial to ensure optimal results. This randomized controlled trial with 37 patients investigates whether the implementation of a digital inclinometer can improve the accuracy of osteotomies compared to traditional freehand techniques. Patients were randomly allocated to group A (n = 15) receiving inclinometer-assisted surgery or group B (n = 22) receiving conventional surgery. Osteotomies were performed and outcomes were evaluated using an inclinometer. The inclinometer group showed a significant decrease in plantar pressure from 684.1 g/cm2 pretreatment to 449.5 g/cm2 post-treatment (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 5.477). The control group decreased from 584.5 g/cm2 to 521.5 g/cm2 (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.801). The effect size between groups was large (Cohen’s d = −2.572, p < 0.001). The findings indicate a significant improvement in accuracy and reduction in outliers when using an inclinometer, suggesting that this technology has the potential to improve surgical practice and patient outcomes in minimally invasive metatarsal osteotomies.

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Charoenlap, Chris, and Krerk Piromsopa. "Digital image processing technique to measure the range of motion of the elbow." Asian Biomedicine 14, no. 1 (2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2020-0006.

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AbstractBackgroundMost photography-based arc of motion measurements require human assessment and their accuracy depends on the observer.ObjectivesTo develop a digital image processing technique (DIPT) for measuring elbow range of motion (ROM), and to assess its validity and reliability compared with standard methods.MethodsPhysiotherapists performed digital goniometer and inclinometer ROM measurements bilaterally on healthy volunteer elbows. A photographer took digital images of elbows fully extended and fully flexed 3 times using an 8-megapixel smartphone camera. Extension and flexion angles were calculated using the DIPT. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of all methods was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A paired Student's t test and Wilcoxon-signed rank test were used to assess systematic bias. A Bland–Altman plot was used to show possible range of difference between the methods.ResultsWe measured 56 elbows from 28 participants. Intra- and inter-rater ICCs of goniometer and inclinometer showed moderate-to-excellent agreement. Mean extension and flexion angles for the DIPT were greater than those for the goniometer and inclinometer measurements (P < 0.05), but the total ROMs were not significantly different (vs goniometer P = 0.32, vs inclinometer P = 0.53). Limits of agreement were 9.93°–10.05° for extension angle, 9.81°–11.7° for flexion angle, and 13.84°–15.99° for total ROMs.ConclusionsElbow ROM measurement using the current DIPT produces results comparable with goniometer and inclinometer measurements, but the difference from the standard methods was up to 15.99° for total ROM.

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LIU Xian-yi, 刘先一, 周召发 ZHOU Zhao-fa, 张志利 ZHANG Zhi-li, 刘殿剑 LIU Dian-jian, and 朱文勇 ZHU Wen-yong. "Calibration of inclinometer parameters in digital zenith camera." Optics and Precision Engineering 24, no. 9 (2016): 2325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20162409.2325.

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Huang, He, Hui Lu, Zongling Yan, Xiaosong Zhang, Ling Tan, and Youping Mao. "Design and test of slope monitoring digital inclinometer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 384 (November 29, 2019): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/384/1/012083.

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Mohammad, Walaa S., Faten F. Elattar, Walaa M. Elsais, and Salameh O. AlDajah. "Validity and Reliability of a Smartphone and Digital Inclinometer in Measuring the Lower Extremity Joints Range of Motion." Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 10, no. 2 (2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.210907.

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In clinical settings, available valid and reliable tools are important components in evaluating the lower extremity range of motion. Although the digital inclinometer is highly reliable compared to the universal goniometer, its availability and high cost impede its extensive use. Nowadays, smartphone applications have become widely available to clinicians for assessing the joint range of motion. The present study aims to assess the validity and intra-rater reliability of the smart- phone application “Clinometer” for measuring hip, knee, and ankle sagittal ranges of motion, using the digital inclinom- eter as the reference standard. Active hip, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion range-of-motion mea- surements were recorded in 102 young, healthy female participants on two separate occasions using Clinometer and a digital inclinometer. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were used to evaluate the smartphone application’s validity against the digital inclinometer. To assess the reliability of the Clinometer app, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable difference (MDD) were used. Clinometer displayed excellent validity when compared to the digital inclinometer for hip and knee movements (r>0.90), while ankle ROM displayed moderate validity (r = 0.52-0.57). Additionally, Clinometer demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC > 0.90) for hip and knee sagittal plane motion and moderate reliability for the ankle sagittal plane motion (ICC = 0.53–0.67). Cli- nometer is a portable, low-cost, valid, and reliable tool for assessing active hip and knee range of motions and can be easily incorporated into clinical settings; however, it cannot be used interchangeably for ankle measures.

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Kolev, K., and R. Tasheva. "Correlation between results of functional lordosis test and digital pelvic inclinometer." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 3 (2019): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.03.011.

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THE AIM of this study is to precise the diagnostics of lumbar lordosis in children at primary classes through applying the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer and to correlate the results with the Functional Test. METHODS. The screening examination involved 132 children with the average age 8, 7 from the beginning classes in Sofia. The lumbar lordosis was assessed through the Fuctional Test in all children during the period April - June 2016.. The DPI was applied for preliminary investigation in 25 children of measuring left and rigth pelvic inclination and therefore – torsion. RESULTS. The lordosis test is negative in 8 children and 16 are with functional lordosis. The mean value of the test with DPI - left sided, for healthy children is 7.1 degrees, and in children with functional lordosis is 10.90. The difference of 3.80 is statistically significant due to the value of T-Student criterion (t) of 2.63 at a critical value of 2.07. CONCLUSION. The results showed the correlation between the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer Test and the Functional Lordosis Test. Тhis study confirmed that the applying of the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer give an opportunity to precise the diagnostics of lumbar lordosis in children.

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Yan, Di, Nan Yang, Chong Fu, and Haiying Feng. "Three-Point Bending Test and Finite Element Simulation Study of 304 Stainless Steel Based on Elastoplastic Constitutive Model." Journal of Engineering System 1, no. 2 (2023): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jes.202302207.

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Rebar bending is commonly found in engineering and has received widespread attention. In this paper, a combination of experimental and finite element methods was used to conduct a study on three-point bending of 304 stainless steel. The real-time bending angle of the round bar during bending was recorded using a digital inclinometer. The force-displacement curves of specimens with different diameters were obtained and compared with the results of finite element simulations. Furthermore, the results from the digital inclinometer were compared with theoretical angle values. The findings suggest that the larger the diameter of the 304 stainless steel round bar, the greater the normal force it experiences. The finite element results are relatively consistent with the experimental results. The angle displayed by the digital inclinometer is consistent with the theoretical angle value of the round bar before unloading. The rebound angle of the reinforcing bar is greatly influenced by its diameter. When the diameter of the round bar exceeds a certain value, the rebound angle can be neglected.

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Romero-Franco, Natalia, Juan Antonio Montaño-Munuera, Juan Carlos Fernández-Domínguez, and Pedro Jiménez-Reyes. "Validity and Reliability of a Digital Inclinometer to Assess Knee Joint Position Sense in an Open Kinetic Chain." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 4 (2019): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0221.

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Context: New methods are being validated to easily evaluate the knee joint position sense (JPS) due to its role in the sports movement and the risk of injury. However, no studies to date have considered the open kinetic chain (OKC) technique, despite the biomechanical differences compared with closed kinetic chain movements. Objective: To analyze the validity and reliability of a digital inclinometer to measure the knee JPS in the OKC movement. Design: The validity and intertester and intratester reliability of a digital inclinometer for measuring knee JPS were evaluated. Setting: Sports research laboratory. Participants: A total of 18 athletes (11 males and 7 females; 28.4 [6.6] y; 71.9 [14.0] kg; 1.77 [0.09] m; 22.8 [3.2] kg/m2) voluntary participated in this study. Main Outcomes Measures: Absolute angular error (AAE), relative angular error (RAE), and variable angular error (VAE) of knee JPS in an OKC. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated to determine the validity and reliability of the inclinometer. Data showed excellent validity of the inclinometer to obtain proprioceptive errors compared with the video analysis in JPS tasks (AAE: ICC = .981, SEM = 0.08; RAE: ICC = .974, SEM = 0.12; VAE: ICC = .973, SEM = 0.07). Intertester reliability was also excellent for all the proprioceptive errors (AAE: ICC = .967, SEM = 0.04; RAE: ICC = .974, SEM = 0.03; VAE: ICC = .939, SEM = 0.08). Similar results were obtained for intratester reliability (AAE: ICC = .861, SEM = 0.1; RAE: ICC = .894, SEM = 0.1; VAE: ICC = .700, SEM = 0.2). Conclusions: The digital inclinometer is a valid and reliable method to assess the knee JPS in OKC. Sport professionals may evaluate the knee JPS to monitor its deterioration during training or improvements throughout the rehabilitation process.

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Chirumbole, Sophia G., Rachel H. Teater, Megan M. Bals, Daniel R. Richie, Scott M. Monfort, and Ajit M. W. Chaudhari. "Assessing the reliability of a digital inclinometer app for measuring hip, knee, and ankle proprioception." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (2024): e0308737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308737.

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Proprioception can be defined as the ability of an individual to detect motion and position of the various joints in their bodies. Current tools for measuring proprioception lack consensus on their accuracy and validity; they also each have their own limitations, and, furthermore, present barriers to use for clinicians. We propose a new and reliable method for evaluating hip, knee, and ankle proprioception by utilizing a digital inclinometer app to measure joint position sense. The digital inclinometer app recorded the active joint position sense error after each of five trials for the hip and knee joint and ten trials for the ankle joint. To quantify the reliability of the digital inclinometer app, single-measurement and average-measurement intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) along with the associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each joint’s position sense error across trials. Both the hip (ICC (2,k) = 0.849 (95% CI = [0.783–0.897])) and knee joint (ICC (2,k) = 0.837 (95% CI = [0.750–0.897])) were found to have moderate to good reliability when the middle three of five trials were analyzed. Unlike the hip and knee, moderate to good reliability for ankle proprioception (ICC (2,k) = 0.785 (95% CI = [0.539–0.893])) was only achieved with the middle eight of ten trials. The results of this study indicate that this digital inclinometer app is able to accurately record joint position sense at the hip, knee, and ankle when the appropriate number of trials are collected; thus, allowing this tool and methodology to be considered for use in both clinical and research environments to measure proprioception, and furthermore, quantify proprioceptive deficits.

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MacIntyre, Norma J., Chris P. Recknor, and Julie C. Recknor. "Spine Curve Measures Taken in Individuals with Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Using the IONmed Mobile Phone Application Are Highly Consistent with Digital Inclinometer Measures." ISRN Rehabilitation 2014 (April 17, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/508414.

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Introduction. This study determined the agreement between measures of standing posture in individuals at risk of osteoporotic fracture obtained using the IONmed mobile phone application and a digital inclinometer. Methods. One experienced rater assessed 20 adults, aged 55–88 years, attending an outpatient osteoporosis clinic. A standardized protocol was duplicated to acquire a single measure of spine curvature (lumbosacral angle, lordosis, kyphosis) using the IONmed mobile phone application and a digital inclinometer. Interdevice agreement was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standard error of the measurement (SEM) with 95% CI and Bland-Altman plots. Results. ICC (95% CI) for lumbosacral angle, lordosis, and kyphosis is 0.97 (0.92, 0.99), 0.97 (0.92, 0.99), and 0.99 (0.98, 1.0), respectively. SEM (95% CI) for lumbosacral angle, lordosis, and kyphosis is 0.99° (0.75, 1.44), 1.33° (1.01, 1.94), and 1.23° (0.94, 1.80), respectively. Measurement bias is small. Conclusions. In our sample, the IONmed mobile phone application provides measures highly consistent with the digital inclinometer measures of standing posture. This method offers clinicians a quick, convenient way of identifying alterations in spine alignment which require followup and remediation.

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Chen, Jun. "High Precision Digital Inclinometer Based on Over Sampling Theory." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 452 (December 13, 2018): 042036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/452/4/042036.

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An, Da-In, Jung-Eun Park, Chang-Hyung Lee, and Soo-Yong Kim. "Reliability of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt measurements using a modified digital inclinometer in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome." Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 34, no. 5 (2021): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bmr-200080.

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BACKGROUD: Reliable scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt data are required for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Only a few studies have explored the reliability of such measurements derived using a modified inclinometer. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative and absolute reliability of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt measurements derived using a modified digital inclinometer in patients with SIS. METHOD: Seventeen SIS patients were assessed twice within 1 week. We determined the relative and absolute measurement reliability by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Both intra- and interrater reliability were determined. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability (both measurements) was high (0.72–0.88), and the interrater ICC was high to excellent (0.72–0.98). Clinically acceptable SEM and MCID values were obtained for scapular upward rotation (SEM: 4.28–9.33∘, MCID: 5.1–11.3∘) and anterior-posterior tilt (SEM: 3.72–7.55∘, MCID: 2.5–10.8∘). CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt using a modified digital inclinometer reliably reveal scapular position and kinematics in patients with SIS.

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Ning, Da Yong, Chang Le Sun, and Yong Jun Gong. "A Method of High Accuracy Control for Motor-Based Photoelectric Tracking Instrumentation Base on Inclinometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2846.

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A mathematic method of ensuring motor-based photoelectric tracking instrumentation work high accurately was introduced, the SCA100T inclinometer was settled under the base, and examine plane of base real-timely. The inclinometer output analog signals and transmit it to AT89C51 through A/D converters, and AT89C51 output digital signals and transmit it to PC through RS-232. The PC convert signals of inclinometer into angle values of horizontal axis and vertical axis and transmit the values to main controlled system of photoelectric tracking instrumentation, the controlled system change the angles of horizontal axis and vertical axis. The CAD model was built and simulated with virtual prototype technology .Analysis and simulation proved that the mathematic method could keep tracking precision of motor-based photoelectric tracking instrumentation.

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Waś, Jakub, Dominik Sitarski, Paulina Ewertowska, Justyna Bloda, and Dariusz Czaprowski. "Using smartphones in the evaluation of spinal curvatures in a sagittal plane." Advances in Rehabilitation 30, no. 4 (2016): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0053.

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Abstract Introduction: In physiotherapeutic diagnostic processes, various tools and methods may be used. However, price and availability may limit their daily use in clinical practice. Therefore, the suggestion that smartphones with specific applications may be useful as diagnostic tools can be found in the literature. However, before using them in clinical practice, it is important to verify their reliability. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of measurements of the curvatures in the sagittal plane performed with the Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application. Materials and methods: The study included 40 subjects aged 22-39 years (23.0 ± 3.7). All subjects had sagittal spinal curvatures (sacral slope - SS, lumbar lordosis - L, thoracic kyphosis - K, upper thoracic kyphosis - K1, lower thoracic kyphosis - K2) measured in both standing and sitting positions with the Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application. Results: In measurements performed with the use of the Saunders inclinometer and the smartphone, no significant differences were found between the size of the curvatures of the spine in a standing position (SS 19° ±8.2 vs. 17° ±8.4 p=0.3; L 32° ±11.1 vs. 29° ±10.3 p=0.2; K 43° ±8.4 vs. 41° ±8.1 p=0.2; K1 31° ±7.2 vs. 29.0° ±7.3; K2 11o ±7.4 vs. 11.0° ±6.7) and a sitting position (SS 3.75° ±8.9° p=0.8; L 5.8° ±9.06 vs. 5.2° ±8.5 p=0.75; K 40.0° ±8.1 vs. 36.7° ±7.9 p=0.6; K1 25.8° ±7.1 vs. 24.9° ±7.1; K2 14.5° ±9.9 vs. 11.5° ±9.4). Conclusions: The examination of spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane using Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application allows researchers to obtain reliable results. Therefore, smartphones can be used for an objective evaluation of the musculoskeletal system in daily clinical practice.

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HIRATA, Hirokatsu, Chiaki YAGURA, Shinichiro OKA, Kazuyo YOSHIMURA, Nozomi HAMACHI, and Hiroyuki TAHARA. "Measurement of the Thoracic Kyphosis Angle with a Digital Inclinometer." Rigakuryoho Kagaku 27, no. 2 (2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.27.115.

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Borra, Anusha, K. Chandrasekharan Nair, MC Suresh Sajjan, D. Bheemalingeswara Rao, and AV Rama Raju. "Upgradation of Hanau Spring Bow with Digital Inclinometer - A Report." Acta Scientific Dental Scienecs 5, no. 10 (2021): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asds.2021.05.1215.

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Stołowski, Łukasz, Maciej Niedziela, Bartłomiej Lubiatowski, Przemysław Lubiatowski, and Tomasz Piontek. "Validity and Reliability of Inertial Measurement Units in Active Range of Motion Assessment in the Hip Joint." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 8782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218782.

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Measuring joint range of motion has traditionally occurred with a universal goniometer, inclinometer, or expensive laboratory systems. The popularity of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is growing, enabling the small and even single portable device to measure the range of motion. Until now, they were not used to assess hip joint range of motion. Our study aimed to check the validity of IMUs in assessing hip range of motion and compare them to other measurement devices—universal goniometer and inclinometer. Twenty participants completed three hip movements (flexion in standing and prone internal and external rotation) on both hips. Two testers independently assessed each movement with a goniometer, digital inclinometer, and IMU at different time points. To assess the agreement of active hip ROM between devices, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis were used. Furthermore, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were also assessed by using ICC and Bland–Altman analysis. Limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated using Bland–Altman plots. The IMU demonstrated good to excellent validity (ICC: 0.87–0.99) compared to the goniometer and digital inclinometer, with LOAs < 9°, across all tested movements. Intra-rater reliability was excellent for all devices (ICC: 0.87–0.99) with LOAs < 7°. However, inter-rater reliability was moderate for flexion (ICC: 0.58–0.59, LOAs < 22.4) and poor for rotations (ICC: −0.33–0.04, LOAs < 7.8°). The present study shows that a single inertial measurement unit (RSQ Motion, RSQ Technologies, Poznan, Poland) could be successfully used to assess the active hip range of motion in healthy subjects, comparable to other methods accuracy.

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Teterevenkov, D. A., and S. I. Minin. "Automated System for Measuring Geometric Parameters of Graphite Masonry and Measuring Deviations of Technological Channels from the Vertical of the Channel Reactor EGP-6." KnE Engineering 3, no. 3 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i3.1602.

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The system solves the problem of controlling the curvature and the diameter of the cells of the graphite masonry of the EGP-6 reactors in two mutually perpendicular planes during the routine preventive and overhaul repairs.Diameter control is carried out by means of 4 sensors of displacement of the resistor type fixed on the sensor probe block. Each of the sensors is mechanically connected to the roller, which is in direct contact with the channel wall. Diameter measurement uses data from sensors connected to two opposite rollers.Curvature control is performed using an ultrasonic inclinometer filled with liquid, which is located in the tail part of the probe. The inclinometer is designed for measuring angles of inclination in 2 mutually perpendicular planes. The data from the inclinometer is transmitted via the interface to an analog-to-digital converter, which is located in the measuring unit and is designed to convert the interface to USB.

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Ghorbani, Faezeh, Mojtaba Kamyab, Fatemeh Azadinia, and Amir Ahmadi. "The Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Digital Inclinometer, Smartphone Applications, and the Cervical Range of Motion Device for Measuring the Cervical Range of Motion." Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 18, no. 4 (2020): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.18.4.927.1.

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Objectives: Changes in the Range of Motion (ROM) are essential criteria in determining the severity of spinal disorders and could be effective in predicting pain progression. Instruments to measure the ROM are costly and unavailable in most therapy settings. While there is a tendency in therapists to use their smartphones instead, there is no report to measure the suitability of smartphones to be employed for this purpose. The current study aimed to compare the inter- and intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity of a Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device (as a gold standard), a digital inclinometer, and smartphones in measuring the CROM in asymptomatic adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (11 women, 13 men) aged 22 to 45 years were recruited for this study. Neck movements were assessed per study subject using CROM device, dual digital inclinometer, as well as IOS (for iPhone), and Android applications. Despite the popularity of using smartphone applications, there was no study comparing such applications. Results: The dual inclinometer and iPhone clinometer and compass applications presented acceptable absolute and relative reliability (ICC=0.662-0.913) and (ICC=0.753-0.887), respectively for neck movements in all planes. The reliability of the Android clinometer application in the sagittal and frontal planes was also acceptable (ICC=0.76-0.937); however, the Android compass application used in the horizontal plane indicated the least intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC: 0.202-0.433) in this area. Discussion: All the tested tools differed from the gold standard depending on the direction of movement, confirmed i.e. approved by the Bland-Altman. The dual digital inclinometer presented moderate to high agreement to the CROM device for all motions, except for rotation. The iPhone applications had high to a very high agreement, and the Android application revealed poor to a moderate agreement. These discrepancies should be considered in employing smartphones for diagnosing a cervical disorder and determining a therapeutic plan. However, as phone applications indicated desirable reproducibility, these tools could be used for the follow-up and monitoring of changes in the CROM.

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Çankaya, Musa, and Aleyna Bekaroğlu. "Comparison of Smartphone Applications with Traditional Tools in the Assessment of Patellofemoral Pain: Validity and Reliability Study." Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10, no. 1 (2025): 60–68. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1593588.

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Objectives: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most confusing and clinically challenging chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the smartphone goniometer application in patients with PFP by comparing it with a universal and digital inclinometer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven patients with PFP were included in this study. Flexion range of motion for the knee joint and flexion/extension, abduction, and internal/external rotation range of motion for the hip joint were measured by two examiners using a smartphone application, a digital inclinometer, and a universal goniometer. To assess inter-rater reliability, the two measurements made by the first observer were evaluated at 24-48 hour intervals. To assess intra-rater reliability, the measurements of both observers were compared. Results: With all three methods, active knee and hip range of motion measurements in PSS patients showed high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.69-0.97). Concurrent validity analysis also showed statistically significant, moderate to strong correlations between the three methods (r = 0.562-0.993). SEM and MDC were highest in the goniometer measurement and were intra-observer (3.77-7.94° and 10.44-21.99°, respectively) and inter-observer (2.61-9.45° and 7.23-27.54°, respectively). Conclusion: The smartphone app, inclinometer, and universal goniometer are valid and reliable for measuring lower limb ROM in PFA patients. They can be used in the clinic.

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Ferber, Reed, Karen D. Kendall, and Lindsay McElroy. "Normative and Critical Criteria for Iliotibial Band and Iliopsoas Muscle Flexibility." Journal of Athletic Training 45, no. 4 (2010): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.344.

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Abstract Context: The Ober and Thomas tests are subjective and involve a “negative” or “positive” assessment, making them difficult to apply within the paradigm of evidence-based medicine. No authors have combined the subjective clinical assessment with an objective measurement for these special tests. Objective: To compare the subjective assessment of iliotibial band and iliopsoas flexibility with the objective measurement of a digital inclinometer, to establish normative values, and to provide an evidence-based critical criterion for determining tissue tightness. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Clinical research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Three hundred recreational athletes (125 men, 175 women; 250 in injured group, 50 in control group). Main Outcome Measure(s): Iliotibial band and iliopsoas muscle flexibility were determined subjectively using the modified Ober and Thomas tests, respectively. Using a digital inclinometer, we objectively measured limb position. Interrater reliability for the subjective assessment was compared between 2 clinicians for a random sample of 100 injured participants, who were classified subjectively as either negative or positive for iliotibial band and iliopsoas tightness. Percentage of agreement indicated interrater reliability for the subjective assessment. Results: For iliotibial band flexibility, the average inclinometer angle was −24.59° ± 7.27°. A total of 432 limbs were subjectively assessed as negative (−27.13° ± 5.53°) and 168 as positive (−16.29° ± 6.87°). For iliopsoas flexibility, the average inclinometer angle was −10.60° ± 9.61°. A total of 392 limbs were subjectively assessed as negative (−15.51° ± 5.82°) and 208 as positive (0.34° ± 7.00°). The critical criteria for iliotibial band and iliopsoas flexibility were determined to be −23.16° and −9.69°, respectively. Between-clinicians agreement was very good, ranging from 95.0% to 97.6% for the Thomas and Ober tests, respectively. Conclusions: Subjective assessments and instrumented measurements were combined to establish normative values and critical criterions for tissue flexibility for the modified Ober and Thomas tests.

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Tasheva, R., and K. Kolev. "Innovation of the pelvis tilt functional diagnostics in children." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 3 (2019): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.03.020.

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THE AIM of the research is to make literature review and to study the possibilities for implementation of Digital Pelvic Inclinometer in functional diagnostic of the pelvis inclination during the prevention of the postural disorders in children. METHOD: The Digital Pelvic Inclinometer (DPI) developed by Sub-4 Technologies, is a precision measuring device used to quantify innominate bone inclination. Using the described technique, the DPI can be used to assess pelvic behavior by using the specialize protocols. DPI uses a digital display. This display allows the physiotherapist to see the output of the device while performing the measurement procedure. RESULTS: Twenty-five children were assessed by the DPI. The results show that the pelvic inclination in children were average for left 10.78º and for right 10.28º. Torsion was the difference between left and right inclination of innominate bones. Mean value of torsion is 2.108º this indicate potential for developing progression lordosis in children from 1 to 3 class. CONCLUSION This new and innovative methodology allows asymmetry, dysfunction and adaption to be quantified, allowing instant evidence based diagnosis and treatment. The DPI subsequently allows the physiotherapist to record normative values after treatment interventions have been implemented.

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Murzabekov, M. M., D. S. Bobrov, R. A. Davlatov, V. P. Lopatin, and I. N. Pchelin. "Results of comparing astronomical-geodetic and navigational-geodetic methods of determining the components of the deflection of vertical." Geodesy and Cartography 975, no. 9 (2021): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2021-975-9-2-10.

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The authors present the results of comparing the components of deflection of vertical obtained through astronomical-geodetic and navigational-geodetic methods. The first one is based on comparing astronomical and geodetic coordinates of a location. This method has recently been widely implemented in a digital zenith camera systems using a small-sized digital telescope with an astronomical camera based on CCD or CMOS technologies, a high-precision inclinometer and satellite navigation system receiver. In this case, the combination of a telescope, an astronomical camera and an inclinometer enables determining the local direction of the plumb line, expressed by astronomical coordinates, from observations of stars at the zenith and using high-precision star catalogs. The navigational-geodetic method is based on comparing the results of the normal heights’ increments, defined through geometric leveling, and geodetic heights, computed with the relative method of satellite coordinate determinations. For each method, random and systematic components of the error and its confidence bounds were calculated; the absolute values of the deflection of vertical components at two geographically separated points were compared.

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Bucke, Jonathan, Simon Spencer, Louise Fawcett, Lawrence Sonvico, Alison Rushton, and Nicola R. Heneghan. "Validity of the Digital Inclinometer and iPhone When Measuring Thoracic Spine Rotation." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 9 (2017): 820–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.6.05.

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Context: Spinal axial rotation is required for many functional and sporting activities. Eighty percent of axial rotation occurs in the thoracic spine. Existing measures of thoracic spine rotation commonly involve laboratory equipment, use a seated position, and include lumbar motion. A simple performance-based outcome measure would allow clinicians to evaluate isolated thoracic spine rotation. Currently, no valid measure exists. Objective: To explore the criterion and concurrent validity of a digital inclinometer (DI) and iPhone Clinometer app (iPhone) for measuring thoracic spine rotation using the heel-sit position. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 23 asymptomatic healthy participants (14 men, 9 women; age = 25.82 ± 4.28 years, height = 170.26 ± 8.01 cm, mass = 67.50 ± 9.46 kg, body mass index = 23.26 ± 2.79) were recruited from a student population. Main Outcome Measure(s): We took DI and iPhone measurements of thoracic spine rotation in the heel-sit position concurrently with dual-motion analysis (laboratory measure) and ultrasound imaging of the underlying bony tissue motion (reference standard). To determine the criterion and concurrent validity, we used the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r, 2 tailed) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The DI (r = 0.88, P &lt; .001) and iPhone (r = 0.88, P &lt; .001) demonstrated strong criterion validity. Both also had strong concurrent validity (r = 0.98, P &lt; .001). Bland-Altman plots illustrated mean differences of 5.82° (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.37°, −8.73°) and 4.94° (95% CI = 19.23°, −9.35°) between the DI and iPhone, respectively, and the reference standard and 0.87° (95% CI = 6.79°, −5.05°) between the DI and iPhone. Conclusions: The DI and iPhone provided valid measures of thoracic spine rotation in the heel-sit position. Both can be used in clinical practice to assess thoracic spine rotation, which may be valuable when evaluating thoracic dysfunction.

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Scibek, Jason S., and Christopher R. Carcia. "Validation and Repeatability of a Shoulder Biomechanics Data Collection Methodology and Instrumentation." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 5 (2013): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.5.609.

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The purpose of our study was to establish criterion-related validity and repeatability of a shoulder biomechanics testing protocol involving an electromagnetic tracking system (Flock of Birds [FoB]). Eleven subjects completed humeral elevation tasks in the sagittal, scapular, and frontal planes on two occasions. Shoulder kinematics were assessed with a digital inclinometer and the FoB. Intrasession and intersession repeatability for orthopedic angles, and humeral and scapular kinematics ranged from moderate to excellent. Correlation analyses revealed strong relationships between inclinometer and FoB measures of humeral motion, yet considerable mean differences were noted between the measurement devices. Our results validate use of the FoB for measuring humeral kinematics and establish our testing protocol as reliable. We must continue to consider factors that can impact system accuracy and the effects they may have on kinematic descriptions and how data are reported.

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Krause, David A., John H. Hollman, Aaron J. Krych, Michael M. Kalisvaart, and Bruce A. Levy. "Reliability of hip internal rotation range of motion measurement using a digital inclinometer." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 23, no. 9 (2014): 2562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-3096-0.

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Wang, Tie Liu, Yang Dong, Jing Shen, Kui Leng, and Hao Meng. "Design of a Digital Tower Tilting Measuring Instrument Based on MEMS Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.608.

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Abstract: This article introduces a new digital inclinometer . It is designed by the combination of MEMS sensors and LPC1114 which is popular with low-power, low-cost 32-bit cortex-M0 embedded microprocessor on the market. Kalman fitter the Digital signal output of MEMS accelerometer and gyroscope . Then calculate the inclination angle in degrees. Finally, transfers data to a remote server. The instrument is low cost, fast signal processing speed, and solar green energy. It has a small size, light weight, high accuracy and high precision. Then, it can be widely used in the tower tilting real-time monitoring of electricity, buildings, bridges and gravity reference system.

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Prushansky, Tamara, Noa Ezra, Naama Kurse, Lotem Man, and Yael Schneiderman. "Reproducibility of sagittal pelvic tilt measurements in normal subjects using digital inclinometry." Gait & Posture 28, no. 3 (2008): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.015.

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Kolber, Morey J., Fernando Vega, Kristen Widmayer, and Ming-Shun S. Cheng. "The reliability and minimal detectable change of shoulder mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer." Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 27, no. 2 (2010): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2010.481011.

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Scibek, Jason S. "Assessment of scapulohumeral rhythm for scapular plane shoulder elevation using a modified digital inclinometer." World Journal of Orthopedics 3, no. 6 (2012): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v3.i6.87.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Digital inclinometers'

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