Dissertations / Theses: 'Digital Chemistry'

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Miranda, Nilson Fonseca. "Digital technologies in Teaching Chemistry." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=20173.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
This work analyzes the speech of the Chemistry professors of Universidade Federal do PiauÃ about the use of digital technologies, educational sites and softwares, conceived as tools applied to the teaching of Chemistry. It also analyzes the usage of softwares in the classroom: Spartan; origin; organic Chemistry II and the sites: nautilus; chemkeys; ucs; qmc.ufsc and quark. The main goal is to verify how the use of such tools contribute pedagogically to the teaching/learning in the area of Chemistry. The theoretical contribution used supports that the digital technologies themselves donât stablish nor catalyze the changes on the pedagogical practice, but the way which it is conceived by the teacher and the way it is used at the teaching system, intensifies the development of successive innovations and later change in the posterior change in the educational paradigm. As for the development of this research a qualitative methodology was used in order to make the search of chemical knowledge possible bearing in mind that this production also comes from the exchange, the socialization, sometimes conflicting, that the different agents involved promote when theyâre facing and representing their realities, completing them with various definitions. In this sense, (a) the speech of the teachers obtained through interviews, (b) the data about educational sites and softwares used on the chemistry teaching obtained through a grid of analysis produced for this purpose have been analyzed. The result of the collected data analysis aims at some positive reasons that justify the use of digital technologies on the Chemistry teaching: quickness and efficiency in the obtainment of information; access to new acquirements and higher agility at learning. Besides, it makes the simulation through virtual experiments possible, gives the opportunity to teachers and students to acquire modern information and possibilities of access to new acquirements.
Este trabalho analisa o discurso dos professores de quÃmica da Universidade Federal do PiauÃ acerca do uso das tecnologias digitais, sites e softwares educativos, concebidas como ferramentas aplicadas ao ensino de quÃmica. Analisa tambÃm a forma de utilizaÃÃo na sala de aula dos softwares: spartan; origin; quÃmica orgÃnica II e dos sites: nautilus; chemkeys; ucs; qmc.ufsc e quark. O objetivo fundamental Ã verificar como o uso dessas ferramentas contribui pedagogicamente para o processo de ensino/aprendizagem na Ãrea da quÃmica. O aporte teÃrico utilizado sustenta que as tecnologias digitais por si sÃ nÃo estabelece, nem catalisa mudanÃas na prÃtica pedagÃgica, mas a forma como Ã concebida pelo professor e utilizada no sistema de ensino, potencializa a eclosÃo de sucessivas inovaÃÃes e posterior mudanÃa no paradigma educacional. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa a fim de possibilitar a busca do conhecimento quÃmico compreendendo que essa produÃÃo tambÃm se elabora na troca, na socializaÃÃo, Ãs vezes conflituosas, que os diferentes atores envolvidos promovem ao enfrentarem e representarem suas realidades, preenchendo-as de significaÃÃes diversas. Neste sentido, foram analisados: (a) o discurso dos professores obtido atravÃs de entrevista; (b) os dados sobre sites e softwares educativos utilizados no ensino de quÃmica obtidos atravÃs de uma grade de anÃlise produzida para esta finalidade. O resultado da anÃlise dos dados gerados aponta para algumas razÃes positivas que justificam a utilizaÃÃo das tecnologias digitais no ensino de quÃmica: rapidez e eficiÃncia na obtenÃÃo de informaÃÃes; acesso a novos conhecimentos e maior agilidade no aprendizado. AlÃm disso, possibilita fazer simulaÃÃo mediante experimentos virtuais, oportunizando professores e alunos a adquirirem informaÃÃes recentes e possibilidades de acesso a novos conhecimentos.

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Pollum, Laura L. "Digital ion trap mass spectrometry for cold ion-molecule chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:18c6451d-d247-4384-9257-f8864e038343.

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A promising new approach for studying cold ion-molecule chemical reactions is the combination of laser- or sympathetically-cooled trapped ions and slow-moving molecules from a cold molecule source, such as a quadrupole velocity selector or a Stark decelerator. Previous reaction studies using trapped atomic ions and slow molecules from a quadrupole velocity selector were able to reach average collision energies as low as 1 K. However, the guided molecules had an approximately room temperature rotational energy distribution, so the reactions studied were not truly cold. Thus, a new molecular source for producing translationally and rotationally cold molecules utilizing buffer gas cooling and quadrupole velocity selection was constructed by K. Twyman and characterized for use in cold reaction studies. This new source of cold molecules is referred to as the buffer gas guide. A new ion trap has been designed and built for use with the existing buffer gas guide. The new ion trap apparatus is compact and mechanically compatible with this new guide. It uses a linear Paul ion trap with cylindrical electrodes to trap ions. Two optical axes (one axial and one radial) enable efficient cooling of small ion crystals. A field-free time-of-flight tube and ion detection assembly are also incorporated into the apparatus. A new technique for determining the mass and quantity of trapped ions has also been developed, termed digital ion trap mass spectrometry. The new technique uses a digital RF waveform to trap ions before ejecting the ions radially from the trap using an ejection pulse applied to the trap electrodes. The ions are then detected after free flight along a time-of-flight tube. This technique was characterized by ejecting crystals of various sizes and compositions: Ca⁺ only, Ca⁺/CaF⁺, Ca⁺/CaOH⁺/CaOD⁺, and Ca⁺/NH⁺₃ /NH⁺₄ /H₃O⁺. A linear relationship between the number of ions ejected (determined by comparing experimental and simulated crystal images) and the integral of the time-of-flight peak was observed for Ca⁺ and Ca⁺/CaF⁺. All mass peaks were resolved. Simulations of the trapped ions and their trajectories through the time-of-flight tube were also performed, and excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental mass resolution was observed. Progress towards combining the buffer gas guide with the previously independent ion trap is also presented. It is anticipated that the combined buffer gas guide ion trap apparatus will enable the study of ion-molecule reactions at low temperatures with translationally and rotationally cold molecules. It is anticipated that the new digital ion trap mass spectrometry technique will simplify the study of reactions when multiple product ions whose masses are separated by only 1 AMU are formed. A new ion trap has been designed and built for use with the existing buffer gas guide. The new ion trap apparatus is compact and mechanically compatible with this new guide. It uses a linear Paul ion trap with cylindrical electrodes to trap ions. Two optical axes (one axial and one radial) enable efficient cooling of small ion crystals. A field-free time-of-flight tube and ion detection assembly are also incorporated into the apparatus. A new technique for determining the mass and quantity of trapped ions has also been developed, termed digital ion trap mass spectrometry. The new technique uses a digital RF waveform to trap ions before ejecting the ions radially from the trap using an ejection pulse applied to the trap electrodes. The ions are then detected after free flight along a time-of-flight tube. This technique was characterized by ejecting crystals of various sizes and compositions: Ca+ only, Ca+/CaF+, Ca+/CaOH+/CaOD+, and Ca+/NH+3/NH+4/H3O+. A linear relationship between the number of ions ejected (determined by comparing experimental and simulated crystal images) and the integral of the time-of-flight peak was observed for Ca+ and Ca+/CaF+. All mass peaks were resolved. Simulations of the trapped ions and their trajectories through the time-of-flight tube were also performed, and excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental mass resolution was observed. Progress towards combining the buffer gas guide with the previously independent ion trap is also presented. It is anticipated that the combined buffer gas guide ion trap apparatus will enable the study of ion-molecule reactions at low temperatures with translationally and rotationally cold molecules. It is anticipated that the new digital ion trap mass spectrometry technique will simplify the study of reactions when multiple product ions whose masses are separated by only 1 AMU are formed.

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Amoateng, Catherine. "Inorganic Quantitative Analysis Experiment Through Digital Microscopy Detection of Precipitates." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1610121740855271.

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Willoughby, Cerys. "Asking the right questions : designing digital tools to support researchers recording scientific experiments." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/384916/.

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The paper notebook is the trusty companion of the majority of those who engage in scientific research. In this digital era though, there is pressure to abandon paper in favour of the benefits of digital tools. For many researchers, particularly in academic environments, there are a number of barriers to adopting Electronic Laboratory Notebooks, not least of which are anxieties about their ease of use. Another concern is the impact using these tools may have on the quality of experiment records. In order to design digital tools that support researchers recording scientific experiments it is necessary to understand how researchers work with paper and digital tools, and the impacts different designs may have upon what they record. In this thesis, research is presented on the note-taking and experiment capture behaviour of a range of scientific researchers together with requirements for digital tools obtained from this research. A number of original studies are presented that explore how different techniques for eliciting information from the memories of researchers can be used to capture information of value to the experiment record, with both positive and negative consequences. This thesis also includes an overview of the development of a mobile ELN, designed for use by synthetic chemists, to explore the potential to bridge the gap between desktop ELNs and paper-notebooks. The conclusions of this thesis put forward suggestions as to how digital tools could be enhanced in the future to both support researchers recording scientific experiments and to facilitate the management of research projects.

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Swartz, Clinton Keith. "Digital data collection and analysis: what are the effects on students' understanding of chemistry concepts." Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/swartz/SwartzC0812.pdf.

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In this project, digital data collection and analysis methods were implemented to determine their effects on student understanding of chemistry concepts, data analysis and conclusion making skills, and motivation. Teacher attitude and motivation were also determined. The students included in the project were from a 10th grade chemistry class, which included 25 students. Students completed a non-treatment unit in which data collection and analysis were completed without the use of technology. Digital data collection and analysis were then added to experiments and class activities during two treatment units. The digital data collection and analysis tools included data collection interfaces and probes, graphing software and simulations. The non-treatment unit and treatment units were then compared to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Students understanding of chemistry concepts, data analysis and conclusion making, and motivation increased slightly after the treatment units. Teacher attitude and motivation also showed an increase. This project showed that the use of digital data collection and analysis has positive effects on both the students and the teacher.

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Luo, Yuanyuan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Propylene Fumarate) Oligomers via a Chain-Growth Mechanism for Continuous Digital Light Processing (CDLP)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1427910816.

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Andersson, Ida. "Hur har digitaliseringen i skolan förändrat kemiundervisningen i årskurs 7-9? : En jämförelse mellan forskning och praktik." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ämnesdidaktik och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-32810.

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I den reviderade variation av LGR 11 (Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen ochfritidshemmet 2011) från 2017 lyfts digitaliseringen fram. Skolan är under förändringoch digitala verktyg finns i klassrum. Eleverna förväntas använda dessa och utvecklaförmågor som lyfts fram i LGR 11 och utveckla kunskaper om hur de ska förhålla sigtill ett konstant informationsflöde. Samtidigt använder lärare redan idag många digitalaverktyg i sin undervisning. Med de förändringar som gjorts markerar myndigheter iSverige vikten av att eleverna lär sig navigera och hantera den digitala världen.Frågan som då måste ställas är hur det ser ut i klassrum i Sverige och hurdigitaliseringen har påverkat undervisningen i kemi. När datorn gjorde entréförändrades klassrummet men det tog tid. Idag finns det en mängd olika digitalaverktyg att använda. Genom att gå ut och intervjua lärare skapades en bild avsituationen i det digitala kemiklassrummet. De arbetade med digitala böcker,interaktiva övningar och formativ feedback via delade dokument. Digitaliseringen iskolan speglar den utveckling som samhället har tagit och det är viktigt att alla få följamed i den utvecklingen.Det har även bedrivits forskning inom digitaliseringen i skolan där begrepp som digitalläsning återfinns. Hur har undervisningen hanterats i förhållande till den forskningsom finns och hur lyfter digitaliseringen undervisningen? Genom att göra en jämförelsemellan forskning och praktik skapas en bild av hur det ser ut i skolor men också varmöjligheter för utveckling ligger.

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Sun, Mingze. "Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Reconfigurable Reprintable Ion-crosslinked Shape Memory Polymer." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1629912593189792.

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Fredriksson, Mattias. "Efficient algorithms for highly automated evaluation of liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry data." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-12991.

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Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) has due to its superiorresolving capabilities become one of the most common analytical instruments fordetermining the constituents in an unknown sample. Each type of sample requires a specificset‐up of the instrument parameters, a procedure referred to as method development.During the requisite experiments, a huge amount of data is acquired which often need to bescrutinised in several different ways. This thesis elucidates data processing methods forhandling this type of data in an automated fashion.The properties of different commonly used digital filters were compared for LC‐MS datade‐noising, of which one was later selected as an essential data processing step during adeveloped peak detection step. Reconstructed data was further discriminated into clusterswith equal retention times into components by an adopted method. This enabled anunsupervised and accurate comparison and matching routine by which components fromthe same sample could be tracked during different chromatographic conditions.The results show that the characteristics of the noise have an impact on the performanceof the tested digital filters. Peak detection with the proposed method was robust to thetested noise and baseline variations but functioned optimally when the analytical peaks hada frequency band different from the uninformative parts of the signal. The algorithm couldeasily be tuned to handle adjacent peaks with lower resolution. It was possible to assignpeaks into components without typical rotational and intensity ambiguities associated tocommon curve resolution methods, which are an alternative approach. The underlyingfunctions for matching components between different experiments yielded satisfactoryresults. The methods have been tested on various experimental data with a high successrate.
De analysinstrument som används för att ta reda på vad ett prov innehåller(och till vilken mängd) måste vanligtvis ställas in för det specifika fallet, för attfungera optimalt. Det finns ofta en mängd olika variabler att undersöka som harmer eller mindre inverkan på resultatet och när provet är okänt kan man oftast inteförutspå de optimala inställningarna i förtid.En vätskekromatograf med en masspektrometer som detektor är ett sådantinstrument som är utvecklat för att separera och identifiera organiska ämnen lösta ivätska. Med detta mycket potenta system kan man ofta med rätt inställningar delaupp de ingående ämnena i provet var för sig och samtidigt erhålla mått som kanrelateras till dess massa och mängd. Detta system används flitigt av analytiskalaboratorer inom bl.a. läkemedelsindustrin för att undersöka stabilitet och renhethos potentiella läkemedel. För att optimera instrumentet för det okända provetkrävs dock att en hel del försök utförs där inställningarna varieras. Syftet är attmed en mindre mängd designade försök bygga en modell som klarar av att peka åtvilket håll de optimala inställningarna finns. Data som genereras från instrumentetför denna typ av applikation är i matrisform då instrumentet scannar och spararintensiteten av ett intervall av massor varje tidpunkt en mätning sker. Om enanalyt når detektorn vid aktuell tidpunkt återges det som en eller flera överlagdanormalfördelade toppar som ett specifikt mönster på en annars oregelbundenbakgrundssignal. Förutom att alla topparna i det färdiga datasetet helst ska varavälseparerade och ha den rätta formen, så ska tiden analysen pågår vara så kortsom möjlig. Det är ändå inte ovanligt att ett färdigt dataset består av tiotalsmiljoner uppmätta intensiteter och att det kan krävas runt 10 försök med olikabetingelser för att åstadkomma ett godtagbart resultat.Dataseten kan dock till mycket stor del innehålla brus och andra störandesignaler vilket gör de extra krångligt att tolka och utvärdera. Eftersom man ävenofta får att komponenterna byter plats i ett dataset när betingelserna ändras kan enmanuell utvärdering ta mycket lång tid.Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att hitta metoder som kan vara till nyttaför den som snabbt och automatiskt behöver jämföra dataset analyserade medolika kromatografiska betingelser, men med samma prov. Det slutgiltiga målet harfrämst varit att identifiera hur olika komponenter i provet har rört sig mellan deolika dataseten, men de steg som ingår kan även nyttjas till andra applikationer.

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Meng, Kejie. "MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF PROTON-COUPLED ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS INVOLVING ANTIOXIDANTS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5498.

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The objective of the research was to investigate proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions involving antioxidants to gain insight into the detailed mechanisms of glutathione (GSH), Trolox, and α-tocopherol (α-TOH). PCET reactions are complex redox reactions that transfer electrons and protons sequentially or in concert. These reactions are ubiquitous in natural or artificial processes that produce electrochemical energy that is extractable as electricity or as chemical fuels of high energy content. Examples of processes based on PCET are photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, redox fuel cells, and artificial photosynthesis. Antioxidants were selected as a PCET model to understand the coupling between proton transfer (PT) and electron transfer (ET) in order to elucidate structure-reactivity relationships under different experimental conditions. PCET reactions were studied with a set of electrochemical techniques to propose a preliminary mechanism that could be validated with digital simulations matching the electrochemical response. In some cases, other analytical techniques were used to aid in the system characterization. This thesis presents the results and discussion of the effects of oxidant-base pairs on the mediated oxidation of GSH, the -2e-/-H+ process of Trolox in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents with various pH values, and the particle collision electrolysis of α-tocopherol in oil-in-water emulsion droplets on an ultramicroelectrode. Ultimately our goal was to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic factors that control PCET reactions so that they can be applied in designing artificial systems for the production of energy using more abundant reagents with lower cost and better yields.

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Fernandes, Marcelo. "Aplicação do jogo ludo atomística no ensino de química." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7188.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
This work presents an experience directed on the construction, development and implementation of a playful activity in the Teaching of Chemistry, with students of the first year of high school State School "Captain Agenor de Carvalho" in the municipality of Estiva Gerbi, State of São Paulo in Brazil. This experience has been a digital board game and given, involving questions of Chemistry, with contents of Atomistic. The game is available on the internet at Portal Education under the name of “Ludo Atomistic”. The game was applied in the computer room of the school, through the system Accesses School during the class of Chemistry. Students were evaluated through a tool in the portal with all information for analysis of hits and errors of the issues, access and frequency. It was as analyzed the performance of students in the classroom, their interests in the contents and their participation in activities in school and in their homes. The idea was to get an attractive and innovative, enjoyable and interesting methodology for teaching. The game Ludo Atomistic demonstrated collaborate in the process of teaching and learning, in a differentiated, attractive and dynamic manner, because with didactic-pedagogical purpose promoted beyond pleasure and fun, the construction of knowledge, to connect various aspects of the learning process as cognition, affection, socialization and creativity.
O presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência direcionada na construção, elaboração e aplicação de uma atividade lúdica no ensino de Química, com alunos do 1º Ano do Ensino Médio da Escola Estadual “Capitão Agenor de Carvalho” no município de Estiva Gerbi, estado de São Paulo. Nesta experiência foi desenvolvido um jogo digital com tabuleiro e dado, envolvendo perguntas da disciplina de Química, dos conteúdos de Atomística. O jogo está disponível na internet no Portal Ludo Educativo com o nome de Ludo Atomística. Foi aplicado na sala de informática da escola, através do sistema Acessa Escola durante as aulas de Química. Os alunos foram avaliados através de uma ferramenta disponível no portal, com todas as informações para análise de acertos e erros das questões, frequências de acessos e os seus rendimentos. Também foi analisado o desempenho dos alunos em sala de aula, seus interesses nos conteúdos e suas participações nas atividades desenvolvidas na escola e em suas casas. A ideia foi buscar uma metodologia inovadora e atraente para ensinar de forma mais prazerosa e interessante. O jogo Ludo Atomística demostrou colaborar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, de forma diferenciada, dinâmica e atrativa, pois com finalidade didático-pedagógica promoveu além de prazer e divertimento, a construção do conhecimento, ao conectar vários aspectos do processo de aprendizagem, como cognição, afeição, socialização e criatividade.

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Figueiredo, Márcia Camilo [UNESP]. "Aplicação de um jogo digital e análise de conceitos da teoria cinética dos gases." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138177.

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Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná (FAADCT/PR)
Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar se licenciandos em química enunciam e compreendem os conceitos de aleatoriedade e irreversibilidade, presentes na Teoria Cinética dos Gases, por meio de etapas construídas para um jogo digital e da sua aplicação após finalizado. Participaram da pesquisa vinte e um acadêmicos do curso de licenciatura em química de uma universidade tecnológica federal no Paraná, separados em: grupo 01, 02 e 03. Para a coleta de dados, cada grupo, em determinados momentos, respondeu questionários, elaborou desenhos e participou de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi orientado pela abordagem qualitativa e por alguns estudos realizados por Piaget. Para tratar e analisar os dados, optamos pelos princípios da análise de conteúdo. A partir do conteúdo dos desenhos construídos nas etapas do jogo digital, foi possível constatar que, os participantes do grupo 01 e 02 buscaram ilustrar em alguma etapa do jogo, uma aproximação de distribuição homogênea do sistema. Nos desenhos dos níveis, verificamos que a maioria (quatorze) dos participantes levou em consideração as experiências obtidas durante o jogo, porque mudaram a maneira de prever em algum nível, as trajetórias de partículas no sistema; dentre os vinte e um sujeitos, apenas oito ilustraram nos quatro níveis do jogo, as primeiras previsões de colisões do lado esquerdo, alcançando o padrão de análise estabelecido. No conteúdo obtido nos discursos dos participantes, referente ao conceito de irreversibilidade, foi possível verificar que este conhecimento não está bem construído nas estruturas cognitivas dos participantes do grupo 01 e 02, porque cinco apresentaram discurso não elucidativo nas quatro etapas do jogo e dois não souberam elucidar o conceito investigado em três etapas. Com relação ao conceito de aleatoriedade, verificamos que os participantes utilizaram palavras diferentes em cada contexto de aplicação das etapas e dos níveis do jogo digital, apresentando distintos discursos, como de gênero científico, próximo do gênero científico, de senso comum, não elucidativo e elucidativo ao jogo. Depreende-se que os recursos didáticos digitais utilizados podem proporcionar aos estudantes compreenderem e apreenderem conteúdos de caráter microscópico e submicroscópico. Portanto, as etapas e os níveis do jogo digital poderão contribuir para que os sujeitos apreendam cientificamente os conceitos da teoria cinética dos gases, como também em outras áreas do conhecimento.
This research aimed to investigate whether licentiate in chemistry enunciate and understand the concepts of randomness and irreversibility present in Kinetic Theory of Gases, through the construction of steps of a digital game and its application after finalized. The participants were twenty-one academics in chemistry degree course of a federal technological university in Paraná, separated into: Group 01, 02 and 03. For the collection of data, each group, at certain times, answered questionnaires, prepared drawings and participated in semi-structured interviews. The development of the research was guided by a qualitative approach and some studies conducted by trough the ideas of Piaget. To process and analyze the data, we chose the principles of content analysis. From the content of the drawings built on the steps of digital game, it was found that the participants of group 01 and 02 sought to illustrate in some stage of the game, a homogeneous distribution approach of the system. In the drawings levels, we found that the majority (fourteen) of the participants took into account the experiences gained during the game because it changed the way to predict to some degree, the particle trajectories in the system; among the twenty-one subjects, only eight illustrated in the four levels of the game, the first predictions of collisions on the left side, reaching the established pattern analysis. The content obtained in the speeches of the participants, referring to the concept of irreversibility, it was found that this knowledge is not well built in cognitive structures of group members 01 and 02, because five had not been elucidated speech in the four stages of the game and two did not know how to elucidate the concept investigated in the three steps. Regarding the concept of randomness, we found that participants used different words in each application context of the stages and the digital game levels, with different speeches, as scientific genre, close to the scientific genus, common sense, not enlightening and instructive the game. It appears that digital teaching resources used can provide students understand and grasp microscopic and submicroscopic character content. Therefore, the steps and levels of the digital game can contribute to the subject scientifically seize the concepts of kinetic theory of gases, as well as in other areas of knowledge.

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Wang, Lei. "Molecular Probes for Pancreatic Cancer Imaging." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3108.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the poorest five-year survival rate of any cancer. Currently, there are no effective diagnostics or chemotherapeutics. Surgical resection is the only curative therapy. However, most patients experience recurrence due largely to challenges in assessing tumor margin status in the operating room. Molecular probes that selectively highlight pancreatic cancer tissue, having the potential to improve PDAC margin assessment intraoperatively, are urgently needed. In this work, a series of red and near-infrared fluorescent probes is reported. Two were found to distribute to normal pancreas following systemic administration. One selectively accumulates in genetically modified mouse models of PDAC, providing cancer-specific fluorescence. In contrast to the small molecule probes reported previously, it possesses inherent affinity for PDAC cells and tissue, and thus does not require conjugation to targeting agents. Moreover, the probe exhibits intracellular accumulation and enables visualization of four levels of structure including the whole organ, tissue, individual cells and subcellular organelles. It can thus promote new strategies for precision image-guided surgery, pancreatic cancer detection, the monitoring of therapeutic outcomes and basic research.

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14

Pedrolo, Caroline Rufino. "Tecendo conexões entre o ensino de química e a alimentação através de um objeto de aprendizagem digital." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/186023.

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Esta dissertação relata o desenvolvimento de um Objeto de Aprendizagem Digital de Química e a sua aplicação em um grupo de alunos do Ensino Médio. A pesquisa está centrada em quais efeitos um objeto de aprendizagem digital, envolvendo conceitos químicos e alimentares, pode trazer aos alunos e, se este pode ser benéfico para a aprendizagem em Química. Os objetivos específicos eram desenvolver uma pesquisa de Estado da Arte a fim de entender como são desenvolvidos os materiais atualmente, propor uma atividade pedagógica envolvendo conceitos de alimentação atrelados com conceitos químicos, avaliar a aplicação desta metodologia e analisar o conhecimento dos alunos a respeito dos alimentos bem como seu interesse por este tema. A pesquisa se mostrou válida, uma vez que, a maioria dos materiais existentes, conforme mostraram nossos dados, não trabalha os conceitos químicos a partir de temáticas relacionadas ao cotidiano do aluno como no caso da alimentação e, além disso, através da aplicação do material percebemos que o uso da tecnologia em sala de aula é uma ferramenta viável e que pode agregar positivamente ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Por esses motivos devem ser desenvolvidas cada vez mais pesquisas e materiais nesse sentido, visando renovar o processo educativo.
This dissertation reports on the development of the Objeting of Digital Learning of Chemistry and its application in a group of high school students. The research is focused on a digital learning issue. The objectives were actually engaged in a State of the Art research and in this way, the current principles, a pedagogical action and the concepts of energy were tied to the chemical concepts as well as their interest in this topic. The research became since most of the existing data, in accordance with the data, did not work as a law of principles of practices related to the daily life of the student as no case of feeding and in addition, through the application of the material we perceive that the The use of technology in the classroom is a viable tool that can be applied positively to the teaching-learning process. That is why more and more evidence and materials should be targeted in this direction, in order to renew the educational process.

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De, Carli Caroline Giane. "Farinhas comerciais de frutas: caracterização física, físico-química e análise de imagem digital." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2297.

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A diversidade de frutas produzidas no Brasil constituiu-se numa alternativa de consumo quando industrializadas na forma de farinha tornando-se fonte de compostos bioativos, fibra alimentar e minerais. Podem ainda, ter seu uso inserido como ingrediente no desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios mais saudáveis e isentos ou com reduzido teor de glúten. O presente trabalho objetivou a caracterização, estudo da composição química e qualidade nutricional de farinhas comerciais de frutas, bem como, o uso da tecnologia de imagem digital para estabelecer seus padrões de colorações. Coletaram-se 10 diferentes farinhas comerciais de frutas sendo elas, açaí (AÇ), ameixa (AM), banana verde (BV), coco (CO), laranja (LA), limão (LI), maçã (MA), mamão (MM), maracujá (MR) e uva (UV) e para cada tipo de farinha três lotes distintos foram avaliados. Realizaram-se as medidas em triplicata dos parâmetros de umidade, atividade de água, resíduo mineral fixo, proteínas, fibra alimentar (duplicata), pH, minerais como Cu (cobre), Fe (ferro), Zn (zinco), Mn (manganês), Na (sódio), K (potássio), Ca (cálcio), Mg (magnésio), P (fósforo), Co (cobalto), Cd (cádmio), Cr (cromo), Pb (chumbo), teor de vitamina C, conteúdo total de antocianinas, potencial antioxidante (DPPH, ABTS), cor instrumental no espaço de cor (CIE L*a*b*; CIE C*h* e XYZ. As imagens dos 10 tipos de farinhas comerciais de frutas foram obtidas por câmara digital sendo processadas em software desenvolvido conforme formas de programação para o estudo das imagens digitais. Outras características das farinhas comerciais de frutas foram provenientes de informações analíticas instrumentais: difratometria de Raios-X, espectroscopia na região de absorção no infravermelho, e estudo por termogravimetria. O teor de umidade para todas as farinhas comerciais de frutas estudadas apresentou-se abaixo de 15 % e a atividade de água (Aw) foi inferior a 0,5000 demonstrando que as farinhas apresentavam estabilidade microbiológica. O pH mostrou-se variável de acordo com características oriundas de cada fruta. Para o conteúdo de cinzas, observou-se variação de 1,93 % ± 0,8 (MA) a 6,53 % ± 0,14 (MR). O conteúdo de proteínas variou de 1,59 % ± 0,09 (MA) e 6,59 % ± 0,86 (MR). O maior conteúdo de fibra alimentar foi encontrado na farinha comercial de coco (9,40 % ± 1,98), porém, não diferiu estatisticamente da farinha comercial de laranja (7,63 % ±0,81). Para a (LA) destacou-se o conteúdo mineral de Ca (412,81 mg.100g-1 ± 86,12) enquanto que (MM) apresentou maior teor do mineral K (952,11 mg.100g-1 ± 35,11) e Zn (2,67 mg.100g-1 ± 0,62) para (CO). Os minerais Fe e P (10,96 mg.100g-1 ± 3,08 e 107,06 mg.100g-1 ±51,59, respectivamente) prevaleceram para (UV). Para a análise de vitamina C os resultados encontrados refletem sua instabilidade perante as condições de exposição a temperatura e luz, principalmente, sendo que, o maior teor encontrado foi para AÇ (0,061±0,01 mg.100g-1). Para a metodologia de DPPH a variação foi de 0,035 ± 0,029 a 0,921 ± 0,063 μMTE. g-1 para (UV) e (MR), respectivamente, e, pela metodologia de ABTS foi de 1,135 ± 0,257 e 12,730 ± 1,914 μM Trolox.g-1 para CO e LI, respectivamente. Quanto aos resultados de antocianinas o maior valor observado foi para (CO) (1,132 mg.100g-1) não diferindo estatisticamente das demais amostras analisadas. O conteúdo de antioxidantes, bem como, o conteúdo total de antocianinas apresentou-se relativamente baixo, provavelmente devido ao processamento e condições inadequadas de armazenagem de tais amostras. A análise de espectroscopia de absorção por infravermelho revelou semelhanças de grupos funcionais (OH, C-H, C-O, C-C, 6 C-OH, CH2 e amido) quando comparamos as farinhas comerciais de frutas e farinha de trigo comercial tipo 1. A análise de difração de Raios X possibilitou uma tentativa de atribuição de cristalinidade. Sendo classificadas em tipo A as farinhas comerciais de (AÇ, AM, BV e MR); Tipo B a (BV); Tipos C as farinhas comerciais de (UV, MA e MM); e, as farinhas de (MM, CO, LA e LI) foram classificadas no Tipo V. A análise termogravimétrica possibilitou resultados que remetem ao uso industrial das farinhas em estudo, para a produção de produtos de panificação, podendo ser aquecidas acima de 180 °C, sendo que, o evento de degradação com maior temperatura foi observado para (CO; 442 °C). Considerando as características de cor resultante para os diferentes espaços de canais de cor (L*, a*, b*; H, S, V; L, U, V e X, Y, Z) para cada farinha avaliada neste estudo os dados mostraram ser de propriedade intrínseca da fruta que as origina se estabelecendo um sistema médio de cor que indicou uniformidade de amostra nos diversos lotes individuais de cada farinha. E, ainda, uma análise estatística de correlação entre o comparativo de cor instrumental e a aplicação da tecnologia de imagem digital indicou ser possível estabelecer uma correlação positiva para o conjunto de pigmentos bioativos, em particular, os dados de antocianinas, exceto para (CO). Os parâmetros físico-químicos determinados no presente estudo foram eficientes na análise da qualidade técnica e do perfil nutricional das farinhas comerciais de frutas e demonstraram que podem ser uma alternativa para enriquecer a alimentação da população tornando-a mais saudável e equilibrada.
The diversity of fruits produced in Brazil constitutes an alternative of consumption when industrialized in the form of flour, becoming a source of dietary bioactive compounds, fiber and minerals. They can also be used as an ingredient in the development of new, healthier and gluten-free food products. The present work aimed at the characterization, the study of chemical composition and nutritional quality of commercial fruit flour, as well as the use of digital image technology to establish a comparison their coloring patterns. Ten different samples of commercial fruit flour were collected and they were açaí (AÇ), plum (AM), green banana (BV), coconut (CO), orange (LA), lemon (LI), apple (MA), papaya (MM), passion fruit (MR) and grape (UV), and for each type of flour, three different batches were evaluated. The measurement of parameters were performed in triplicate for moisture, water activity, fixed mineral residue, proteins, dietary fiber (duplicate), pH, minerals like Cu (copper), Fe (iron), Zn (zinc), Mn (manganese), Na (sodium), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), P (phosphorus), Co (cobalt), Cd (cadmium), Cr (chromium), Pb (cead), vitamin C content, total content of anthocyanins, antioxidant potential (DPPH, ABTS), instrumental color in color space CIE L*a*b*; CIE C*h* e XYZ. The images were obtained by digital camera and processed in software developed according to forms of programming for the study of digital imaging. Other characteristics of commercial fruit flours were derived from instrumental analytical information: X-ray diffractometry, spectroscopy in the infrared absorption region and study by thermogravimetry. The moisture content for all commercial fruit flour studied was below 15 % and the water activity (Aw) was less than 0.5000, demonstrating that the flours presented microbiological stability. The pH was variable according to the characteristics of each fruit. For the ashes content, it was observed a variation from 1.93 % ± 0.8 (MA) to 6.53 % ± 0.14 (MR). The protein content varied from 1.59 % ± 0.09 (MA) to 6.59 % ± 0.86 (MR). The highest dietary fiber content was found in the coconut commercial flour (9.40 % ±1.98). Although, it did not differ statistically from the orange commercial flour (7.63 % ± 0,81). For (LA), the Ca mineral content (412.81mg.100g-1 ±86.12) was highlighted, while (MM) presented higher K mineral content (952.11mg.100g-1 ±35.11) and Zn (2.67 mg.100g-1 ± 0.62) for (CO). Fe and P minerals (10.96 mg.100g-1 ± 3.08 and 107.06 mg.100g-1 ± 51.59, respectively) prevailed for (UV). For the analysis of vitamin C, the results found reflect its instability in the conditions of exposure to temperature and light, mainly considering that the highest content found was for (AÇ) (0.061 ± 0.01 mg.100g-1). For the DPPH methodology, the variation was of 0.035 ± 0.029 to 0.921 ± 0.063 μMTE.g-1 for (UV) and (MR), respectively and, by the ABTS methodology was of 1.135±0.257 and 12.730 ± 1.914 μM Trolox.g-1 for (CO) and (LI), respectively. Regarding the anthocyanins results, the highest value was observed for (CO) (1.132 mg.100g), which did not differ statistically from the other samples analyzed. The antioxidant content as well as the total anthocyanin content was relatively low, probably due to inadequate processing and storage conditions of such samples. The analysis of infrared absorption spectroscopy revealed similarities of functional groups (OH, C-H, C-O, C-C, C-OH, CH2 and starch) when compared to commercial fruit flours and wheat flour type 1. The X-ray diffraction analysis enabled an attempt to assign crystallinity being classified in type A the commercial flours of 8 (AÇ, AM, BV and MR); Type B the commercial flour (BV). Type C the commercial flours of (UV, MA e MM); and the flours of (MM, CO, LA and LI) were classified as type V. The thermogravimetric analysis allowed results that refer to the use of these flours under study for a production of bakery products, which can be heated above 180 °C, and the highest temperature degradation event was observed for (CO; 442 °C). Considering the resulting color characteristics for the different color channel spaces (L*, a*, b*; H, S, V; L, U, V e X, Y, Z) for each flour evaluated in this study the data showed to be of intrinsic property of the fruit that originates them, establishing a medium color system that indicated sample uniformity in the several individual each batches of flour. Also, a statistical analysis of the correlation between instrumental color comparison and the application of digital imaging technology indicated that it is possible to establish a positive correlation with the bioactive compounds, especially anthocyanins, data except for (CO). The physicochemical parameters determined in the present study were efficient in the analysis of the technical quality and nutritional profile of commercial fruit flours and demonstrated that they can be an alternative to enrich the food of the population making it healthier and more balanced.

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Silva, Filho Supercil Mendes da. "Desenvolvimento de jogos digitais por alunos do ensino médio para o desenvolvimento de conceitos químicos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5389.

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The actual study sought to establish a relation between the digital games development and the learning of chemicals contents, considering that high school students are the digital games developers.The research had been developed with the perspective of an investigation by action where it was established a whole planning of intervention with a group of students that would develop digital games. The process was recorded and the conversations transcribed as well to a data analysis. The students had developed two games related with experimental chemical concepts that are the experiment of cathode ray tube and electrochemical batteries. Two categories were analyzed: conceptual appropriation from the digital game elaboration and the equilibrium between playfulness and learning. During the analysis it was discovered that the development of activities gave a better appropriation of the chemical concepts in a way that the concepts were more inductive and an equilibrium between entertainment and learning was achieved. Last but not least, the development of digital games is a crucial element giving students the possibility to adapt chemical concepts by merging the construction and appropriating of students’ knowledge.
O presente trabalho buscou estabelecer a relação entre a elaboração de jogos digitais e a aprendizagem de conteúdos químicos, considerando a elaboração dos jogos digitais por alunos do Ensino Médio. A pesquisa se desenvolveu na perspectiva de uma investigação-ação sendo estabelecido todo um planejamento de intervenção com um grupo de alunos tendo em vista a elaboração de jogos digitais. O processo foi gravado e as falas foram transcritas para a análise dos dados. Os estudantes produziram dois jogos relacionando conceitos químicos do experimento de tubo de raios catódico e pilhas eletroquímicas. Foram analisadas duas categorias: apropriação conceitual a partir da elaboração dos jogos digitais e equilíbrio entre ludicidade e ensino aprendizagem. No decorrer da análise percebeu-se que o desenvolvimento das atividades possibilitou a apropriação dos conceitos de forma lúdica e que houve equilíbrio entre a diversão e a aprendizagem. Dessa forma conclui-se que a construção de jogos no formato digital é também um elemento possibilitador da construção e apropriação de saberes pelos estudantes.

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Rosa, Marcelo Prado Amaral. "Química e as tecnologias digitais : investigação sobre as representações docentes." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2012. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/641.

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As mudanças sociais provocadas pela inserção das tecnologias digitais disponíveis no mercado apresentam-se desde a ordem geográfica até a velocidade relacional dentro de tempo e espaços que não contemplam os padrões de sociedades passadas. Assim, discussões relativas à inserção dos recursos tecnológicos na educação, principalmente nas últimas duas décadas (1990-2010), instituem-se como proveitosos horizontes de pesquisas em diversas áreas do conhecimento, sendo merecedoras de reflexões, contestações, provocações e investigações. Dessa forma, o objeto de estudo deste trabalho foram as representações dos professores de Química de instituições estaduais de educação do município de Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo geral foi investigar as representações dos docentes sobre o ensino dos conteúdos programáticos da disciplina de Química e as tecnologias digitais, com a finalidade de identificar aspectos que permeiam e/ou circundam as estratégias didáticopedagógicas que se desenvolvem no processo de ensino-aprendizagem desta ciência no cotidiano das escolas. A sustentação teórica foi baseada em autores como Manuel Castells, Ladislau Dowbor, Roger Chartier, Juan Ignácio Pozo, Miguel Gómez Crespo e Yves Chevallard. De natureza empírica, caracteriza-se como descritiva do tipo levantamento, teve como sujeitos 17 docentes de Química atuantes em oito instituições da rede estadual de educação. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram questionário e entrevista. A análise dos dados foi baseada no método da análise textual discursiva de Roque Moraes e Maria do Carmo Galliazzi. O principal resultado foi à emersão de categorias definitivas do próprio contexto do campo de investigação, sendo nomeadas com expressões oriundas dos próprios professores de Química , sendo delimitadas em dois domínios distintos, a saber: i) aqui não tem condições; e ii) ajuda a ver o cotidiano. Por meio do surgimento das categorias, foi possível constatar a existência de divergências nas representações dos professores de Química com relação aos discursos e às práticas no que concerne à utilização das tecnologias digitais no ensino dos conteúdos programáticos escolares da disciplina de Química.
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Universidade de Caxias do Sul
The social changes brought by the insertion of available digital technologies on the market presents geographical order from up to relational speed in time and space that do not inserts the patterns of past societies. Thus, discussions related to the technological resources with the education, especially in the last two decades (1990-2010), established itself as a profitable view of research in several knowledge areas, being worthy of reflections, challenges, provocations and investigations. This way, the purpose of this work is to study the representations of Chemistry teachers in the state education system located in the city of Caxias do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The general objective was the investigation of the teachers representations over teaching the Chemistry syllabus content and digital technologies, with the goal of identifying aspects that permeate and/or surround the didactic and pedagogical strategies that develop the teaching and learning process of this science in the daily schools education. The theoretical support was based on authors such as Manuel Castells, Ladislau Dowbor, Roger Chartier, Juan Ignácio Pozo, Miguel Gómez Crespo and Yves Chevallard. The empirical nature characterized as descriptive type survey, had 17 Chemistry teachers as a subjects, working in eight schools belonging to the state education system. The instruments were questionnaire and interview. The data analysis was based on the discursive textual method from Roque Moraes and Maria do Carmo Galliazzi. The main result was the emergence of definitive categories of the research field context, being named with derived expressions from the Chemistry teachers, being bounded on two distinguished domains, namely: i) here has no conditions, and ii ) help to see the everyday. Through the emergence of these categories, it was concluded that there are differences in the representation of chemistry teachers in relation to the discourses and practices regarding the use of digital technologies in the teaching of the Chemistry class syllabus.

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18

Moya, Álvarez Carlos. "Structure versus Magnetism in Magnetic Nanoparticles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384539.

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From the fundamental point of view, NPs formed by MFe2O4 with (M= Co, Fe) are ideal system models to study the new magnetic phenomena associated with the so-called particle-like behaviour, which emerges from the size reduction towards the nanometre scale and contrasts with the well-established magnetic properties of their bulk-counterparts. It is well known that most of the particle-like behaviour and in general the large variability of the magnetic properties observed in this kind of nanomaterials are related to structural features of the NPs rather than being originated from intrinsic finite-size or surface effects, at least for NPs bigger than a few nanometers. These structural features, such as crystallographic defects, polycrystalline nature of the NPs, lack of crystallinity at the particle surface, etc., have strong influence on their magnetic properties and can be modified at will through the synthesis method. Therefore, whenever this particle-like behaviour is unwanted for applications with highly demanding requirements, the choice of a suitable synthesis method is of key importance to obtain NPs of high-crystalline quality. On the contrary, particle-like behaviour controlled by the crystalline nature of the NPs could be useful to tailor their magnetic properties for specific applications. Among the common synthesis methods, high-temperature decomposition of metal-organic precursors results the best alternative due to the remarkable final properties of the obtained NPs, such as narrow size distribution, high crystallinity and relatively simple tuning of their size and shape. So this will be the chemical route chosen in this work to study the capabilities of this synthesis method to control the final properties of the NPs through their nanostructure. In addition, to get a deeper insight in the magnetic and structural properties of those materials and to shed light on relevant issues that are still under discussion (dynamic response, magnetic frustration or inter¬particle interactions) it could be useful to combine experimental techniques enabling the characterization of the system from macroscopic scales towards single-particle structures. Within this framework, we present this work that is divided into three main parts. First, it is studied the effect of the concentration of two common reactants, involved in the thermal decomposition method, on the final properties of magnetic NPs based on iron oxides aiming at optimizing the synthesis procedure and getting a good control of the structure of the final product. In the second part, those NPs obtained in the former way are applied to demonstrate the crucial role of the nanostructure on the physical properties of nanoparticulate systems; specially, the strong interplay existent between structure and both magnetic frustration and interparticle interactions. Finally, in the third part, MFM experiments with an external applied magnetic field have been performed to directly observe the reversal of the magnetization of isolated particles and the dynamic behaviour of small aggregates.

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19

Ergin, Leanna N. "ENHANCED DATA REDUCTION, SEGMENTATION, AND SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING METHODS FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1501871494997272.

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Deb, Nabanita. "Towards cold state-selected ion-molecule reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a3899d3-7476-49ac-8f4b-3c0e7a7e8680.

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In recent years there has been much progress in the field of cold and ultracold molecular physics and a variety of experimental techniques for producing cold matter now exist. In particular, the generation of trapped molecular ions at mK temperatures has been achieved by sympathetic-cooling with laser-cooled atomic ions. By implementing schemes to selectively prepare and control the internal quantum state of molecular ions, and developing detection techniques, it will be increasingly possible to study cold state-selected chemical collisions in an ion-trap. Most molecular species produced in a selected rovibrational state have a lifetime of a few seconds, before the population is redistributed across numerous rovibrational states by interaction with the ambient blackbody radiation (BBR). Consequently, the investigation of state-selected reaction dynamics at low temperatures in experiments where long time scales (minutes to hours) are required, is hindered. This thesis looks into developing strategies that maintain state selection in molecular ions, allowing one to observe state-selected reactions in cold environments, in particular the state-selected reaction between C₂H⁺₂ and ND₃. Examining reactive ion molecule collisions under cold conditions provides insight into fundamental reaction dynamics, which are thermally averaged out at higher temperatures. A theoretical model is used to investigate laser-driven, blackbody-mediated, rotational cooling schemes for several ¹Σ and ²Π diatomic species. The rotational cooling is particularly effective for DCl⁺ and HCl⁺, for which 92% and >99% (respectively) of the population can be driven into the rovibrational ground state. For the other systems a broadband optical pumping source is found to enhance the population that can be accumulated in the rovibrational ground state by up to 29% more than that achieved when exciting a single transition. The influence of the rotational constant, dipole moments and electronic state of the diatomics on the achievable rotational cooling is also studied. This approach is extended to consider the BBR interaction and rotational cooling of a linear polyatomic ion, C₂H⁺₂, which has a ²Π electronic ground state. The (1-0) band of the ν₅ cis-bending mode is infrared active and strongly overlaps the 300 K blackbody spectrum. Hence the lifetimes of state-selected rotational levels are found to be short compared to the typical timescale of ion trapping experiments. Laser cooling schemes are proposed that could be experimentally viable, which involves simultaneous pumping of a set of closely spaced Q-branch transitions on the ²Δ_5/2-²Π_3/2 band together with two ²Σ⁺– ²Π_1/2 lines. It is shown that this should lead to >70% of total population in the lowest rotational level at 300 K and over 99% at 77 K. In order to identify states of the acetylene ion that could be trapped sufficiently long enough for state-selected reactions in the ion trap with decelerated ND3, the theoretical work has been complemented by experimental investigations into the production of C₂H⁺₂ in selected states, and ion trapping of the same using sinusoidal and digital trapping voltages. Appropriate (2+1) REMPI (Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization) schemes are used to produce C₂H⁺₂ in different quantum states, with (1+1) Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Dissociation (REMPD) employed to detect the ion thus produced. The concept of digital ion trapping for ejection onto MCPs is introduced. A comprehensive comparison between sinusoidal and digital trapping fields has been performed with respect to trap depth and stability regions. Programs have been developed to calculate the stability regions for different ions under varying experimental conditions. The trap depth has been derived for both digital and sinusoidal trapping fields. It is observed that as τ increases, the trap depth of a digital trap increases. For τ = 0.293, the trap depth and stability diagram for both sinusoidal and digital trapping fields would be equivalent. The trap depth at which the sinusoidal trap operates experimentally in our research group is ~1.36 eV. In contrast, the experimental parameters at which the digital trap operates generates a trap depth of 1.21 eV. Ca⁺ Coulomb crystals have been formed, stably trapped and stored for extended periods of time in both sinusoidally and digitally time-varying trapping fields. The sympathetic cooling of a diverse range of ions into Ca⁺ Coulomb crystals is demonstrated, again using both sinusoidal and digital trapping fields. Mass spectrometric detection of ionic reaction products using a novel ejection scheme has been developed, where ejection is achieved by switching off the trapping voltage and converting the quadrupole trap into an extractor-repeller pair by providing the ion trap electrodes with appropriate ejection pulses. This technique is developed using a digital trapping voltage rather than the sinusoidal trapping voltage, as ejection with sinusoidal trapping voltages is not clean (resonance circuitry used in the electronics induces ringing after switching off the trapping voltage). Coulomb crystals, both pure Ca⁺ and multi-component crystals, are ejected from the ion trap and the TOF trace obtained is recorded on an oscilloscope. When the integrated, base-line subtracted TOF peak is plotted against the number of ions in a Ca+ crystal and sympathetically-cooled Ca⁺ – CaF⁺ crystal, a linear relationship is obtained. This technique is found to be well mass-resolved, with the signal arising from CaOH⁺ (57 amu) and CaOD⁺ (58 amu) resolvable on the TOF trace. This technique would enable one to monitor a reaction in a Coulomb crystal where the reactant and product species are both either lighter or heavier than calcium, such as the reaction between C₂H⁺₂ and ND₃, something which has not been previously possible. It is, also, potentially a very important technique for reactions with many product channels.

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Winner, Taryn L. "FURTHERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTROSCOPY FOR EDUCATION AND UNIQUE SAMPLING SITUATIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1437591218.

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Reis, Josiane Amorim, and 92-99125-7184. "Uso de imagens digitais para determinação quantitativa de metanol em bebidas alcoólicas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6239.

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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
Concerned about sustainability, analytical chemists have developed chemical analysis procedures that aim to minimize the consumption of reagents and samples combined with the reduction of operating costs. Thus, in recent years, Digital Image Based (DIB) methods have often been used as an alternative to quantitative determinations in analytical chemistry, especially in samples of environmental interest, food, beverages and drugs. This work proposes a method based on digital images for the determination of methanol in alcoholic beverages. The proposed system uses a scanner to acquire images generated according to the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) system. The determination of methanol is based on an oxidation reaction of methanol. After the reaction an image is captured and a region of the image is selected for decomposition of the pixels into the values of the RGB components. The analytical curve is obtained by relating the logarithm of the ratio between the white solution standard and the norm of the calibration solutions as a function of the concentrations of these solutions. The methanol content was determined in (mL / 100 mL of anhydrous alcohol) in the samples of cachaça, brandy and liqueur of jambú, cupuaçu and cocoa. In order to illustrate the viability of the proposed method, analyzes were performed on seven beverage samples. The results were compared with those obtained by spectrophotometry and when applying the paired t-test it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the results obtained with the two methods at a 95% confidence level.
Preocupados com a sustentabilidade os químicos analíticos têm desenvolvido procedimentos de análise química que visam minimizar o consumo de reagentes e amostras aliadas a redução de custos operacionais. Dessa forma, nos últimos anos os métodos Baseados em Imagens Digitais (DIB) têm sido frequentemente usados como uma alternativa para determinações quantitativas em química analítica, principalmente em amostras de interesse ambiental, alimentícios, bebidas e fármacos. Neste trabalho propõe se um método baseado em imagens digitais para determinação de metanol em bebidas alcoólicas. O sistema proposto usa um scanner para aquisição das imagens geradas de acordo com o sistema RGB (Red, Green, Blue). A determinação do metanol é baseada em uma reação de oxidação do metanol. Após a reação uma imagem é capturada e uma região da imagem é selecionada para decomposição dos pixels nos valores das componentes RGB. A curva analítica é obtida relacionando o logaritmo da razão entre a norma da solução do branco e a norma das soluções de calibração em função das concentrações dessas soluções. O teor de metanol foi determinado em (mL/ 100mL de álcool anidro) nas amostras de cachaça, aguardente, licor de jambú, cupuaçu e cacau. A fim de ilustrar a viabilidade do método proposto, foram realizadas analises em sete amostras de bebidas. Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos por espectrofotometria e ao se aplicar o teste t emparelhado verificou-se que não há estatisticamente diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos com os dois métodos para um nível de 95% de confiança.

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23

Lindner, Edson Luiz. "Uma arquitetura pedagógica apoiada em tecnologias da informação e comunicação : processos de aprendizagem em química no ensino médio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17715.

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A necessidade urgente de mudanças no Ensino Médio do Brasil motivou o pesquisador desta tese a propor mudanças na forma tradicional de se trabalhar a Química com os estudantes. Com a evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, é necessário que o cidadão seja incluído na cultura digital para que possa fazer parte da sociedade globalizada dos dias atuais. Assim, também é tarefa da escola a busca da inclusão dos sujeitos nessa cultura digital. A utilização das novas tecnologias é importante e deve ser considerada quando se planejam atividades de aprendizagem com os alunos da Escola Básica. O principal objeto de pesquisa dessa tese foi o estudo dos processos cognitivos que envolvem aspectos da aprendizagem da Química com o uso dessas tecnologias. Procurou-se verificar como uma Arquitetura Pedagógica orientada para os alunos, contendo atividades experimentais, produção de vídeos e elaboração de modelos digitais no ambiente Squeak-Etoys, pode contribuir para a construção do conhecimento químico. Entende-se a Arquitetura Pedagógica como um conjunto de estratégias, dinâmicas de grupo, softwares educacionais e ferramentas de apoio à cooperação que possam favorecer a aprendizagem. A análise dos processos vivenciados pelos sujeitos da pesquisa foi fundamentada pela Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget. A partir das análises dos dados da pesquisa, pretende-se propor orientações para as ações pedagógicas com o uso de ambientes digitais, onde ocorram processos nos quais os sujeitos possam representar, ampliar e consolidar o seu conhecimento científico.
The urgent need for changes in high school in Brazil led the researcher of this thesis to propose changes in the traditional way of working with the chemistry students. With the development of information and communication technologies, it is necessary that the public is included in the digital culture that may be part of the global society of today. Thus, it is also the school's task to find the inclusion of subjects in digital culture and use of new technologies is important and should be considered when planning activities for learning with students from the Basic School. The main object of this thesis research was to study the cognitive processes that involve aspects of the learning of chemistry with the use of these technologies. It is found as a pedagogical architecture oriented students, containing experimental activities, production of videos and digital models in the development of digital environment-Squeak Etoys, can contribute to the construction of chemical knowledge. The Pedagogical Architecture means as a set of strategies, group dynamics, educational software and tools to support cooperation to promote learning. The analysis of the processes experienced by the subjects of the research was motivated by the Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget. From the analysis of data from the research aims to propose guidelines for the teaching activities with the use of digital environments, where processes occur in which the subject may pose, extend and consolidate their knowledge.

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Rosa, Marcelo Prado Amaral. "As tecnologias digitais e o ensino de química : o caso do Programa de Desenvolvimento Profissional para Professores." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/151307.

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A inserção das tecnologias digitais na escola não contemplam padrões de tempos atrás. Nesse contexto encontram-se os professores e os processos formativos. Com a situação da tecnologia na sociedade posta e sem possibilidades de recuo, a abordagem sobre os processos destinados à formação de professores é de extrema importância, uma vez que os profissionais da educação necessitam desenvolver competências e habilidades diante das tecnologias que permitam usufruir dos benefícios das mesmas em suas práticas didático-pedagógicas. Desse modo, o objeto de estudo deste trabalho são os professores de Química de instituições públicas e um processo formativo único e inédito no cenário brasileiro: o Programa de Desenvolvimento Profissional para Professores. O programa de formação ocorreu em Portugal por meio de um acordo de cooperação internacional entre os governos brasileiro e português. Entre os objetivos do referido programa está o estímulo do uso de tecnologias na construção de estratégias didático-pedagógicas de caráter inovador. Assim, o objetivo foi investigar o Programa de Desenvolvimento Profissional para Professores, frente à formação de professores de Química no que tange à utilização das tecnologias voltadas ao ensino dos conteúdos programáticos da disciplina de Química, com a finalidade de identificar aspectos (in)existentes que permeiam e/ou circundam as interações didático-pedagógicas que se inserem as tecnologias digitais enquanto mediadoras dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem nos contextos de atuação dos professores cursistas. De natureza empírica, teve imersões internacionais e nacionais. Os sujeitos foram 50 professores de Química de 16 estados do Brasil e o Distrito Federal na fase internacional e 10 professores dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Bahia acompanhados in loco na fase nacional. Os acompanhamentos ocorreram em momentos distintos: i) fase internacional, meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2014, nas Universidades do Porto e de Aveiro; ii) fase nacional, mês de junho de 2015 e entre os meses de março e maio de 2016. A análise dos dados foi baseada na Análise de Conteúdo com auxilio do software QSR Nvivo. Os resultados conduziram à construção de categorias analíticas nomeadas com expressões oriundas dos próprios professores de Química. Foram delimitadas em três domínios distintos, a saber: i) aqui na escola; ii) as pessoas aqui; e iii) lá em Portugal. Foi possível constatar a existência de divergências entre o programa de formação, as expectativas, as narrativas e as práticas dos professores em seus ambientes profissionais no que concerne à utilização das tecnologias digitais no ensino dos conteúdos programáticos escolares da disciplina de Química.
The introduction of digital technologies in school do not include standards long ago. In this context are the teachers and the preparation processes. With the state of technology in society put and recoilless possibilities, the approach to the processes for the teacher training is of utmost importance, since education professionals need to develop skills and abilities in the face of technologies to enjoy the benefits of same in their didactic and pedagogical practices. Thus, the work of this object of study are the Chemistry teachers of public institutions and a unique and unprecedented educational process in the Brazilian scenario: the Professional Development Program for Teachers. The training program took place in Portugal through an international cooperation agreement between the Brazilian and Portuguese governments. Among the objectives of the program is encouraging the use of technologies in the construction of didactic and pedagogical strategies of innovative character. The objective was to investigate the Professional Development Program for Teachers, opposite the training chemistry teachers regarding the use of technologies aimed at teaching the syllabus of the subject of chemistry, in order to identify aspects (in) existing that permeate and / or surround the didactic and pedagogical interactions that are part of the digital technologies while mediating the processes of teaching and learning in action contexts of teacher students teachers. Empirical nature, had national and international immersions. The subjects were 50 Chemistry teachers from 16 states of Brazil and the Federal District on the international stage and 10 teachers from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná and Bahia accompanied in place in the national phase. Accompaniments occurred at different times: i) international stage, January and February 2014, the Universities of Porto and Aveiro; ii) national phase, June 2015 and between March and May 2016. Data analysis was based on content analysis with the aid of QSR NVivo software. The results led to the construction of analytical categories named with expressions originate in the Chemistry teachers. They were defined in three distinct areas, namely: i) here at school; ii) the people here; and iii) there in Portugal. It was found that there are differences between the training program, expectations, narratives and teachers' practices in their professional environments regarding the use of digital technologies in teaching the school syllabus of the subject of chemistry.

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25

Lindberg, Emma. "Digitala läromedel i kemi? : En undersökning av hur de digitala läromedel i kemi för grundskolans senare del som finns på marknaden ser ut." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ämnesdidaktik och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-32811.

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Samhället har genomgått en förändring från analoga system till digitala.Läromedel som används i skolan behöver följa med i utvecklingen. Syftet meddenna studie är att undersöka hur digitala läromedel i kemi ser ut. Det är även avintresse att ta reda på hur de digitala läromedlen gör för att skapa en bild avämnet kemi som är intresseväckande och intressant samt om dessa digitalaläromedel är utformade för att tillgodose det syfte som presenteras i kursplanenför kemi i grundskolan. Tre olika läromedel, Kemi Direkt från Sanomautbildning, PLUS Kemi från Natur & Kultur och Spektrum Kemi från Liber AB,undersöks med hänsyn till flera olika punkter och aspekter. Undersökningenomfattar hur dessa digitala läromedel presenteras för läsaren, vad det finns förolika möjligheter att ta del av materialet, vilka anpassningar läromedlettillhandahåller för såväl svaga som starka elever, vad det finns för material föratt underlätta planering, laborationer och bedömning. Vidare vad det finns föruppgifter och hur dessa uppgifter rättas eller bedöms, om de olika syftenauppfylls samt hur intressant och förstående är den information som presenterasom växthuseffekten och den förhöjda växthuseffekten. Alla tre läromedel finnssom fysiska böcker som sedan har digitaliserats och på olika sätt anpassats föratt finnas tillgängliga digitalt. Det medför att de inte upplevs som innovativa ochintressanta digitala läromedel även om det såklart inte heller finns stora fel ochbrister. Det framkommer att Spektrum Kemi är det läromedel som uppvisar denstörsta responsen på de undersökta parametrarna. Önskvärt skulle vara ett nyttläromedel som inte är en digitalisering av en tidigare förlaga utan som är skapadför att vara digital och använder tekniken och den digitala världens alla finesseroch möjligheter.

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26

Simpson, Michael. "The development of a facile, non-toxic protocol for atom transfer cyclisations." Thesis, Connect to electronic version (PDF), 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25494.

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27

Durand, Jonathan. "Modélisation de la dynamique et de l'évolution physico-chimique des gaz volcaniques lors de l'éruption d'avril 2007 du Piton de la Fournaise." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0004/document.

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Le dioxyde de soufre (SO2) est un des principaux gaz émis lors des éruptions volcaniques. Au Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) environ 230 kT de SO2 ont été libérés pour la seule éruption d'avril 2007. Ces émissions ont provoqué d'importants problèmes sanitaires associés à des dégradations des infrastructures et des écosystèmes. Les mesures de SO2 réalisées par l'ORA ont relevé des concentrations supérieures aux seuils critiques pour la santé mais pas aux périodes où l'éruption était la plus intense. SO2 étude consiste à utiliser le modèle meso-échelle atmosphérique Meso-NH pour simuler le transport de SO2 entre le 2 et le 7 avril, avec une attention portée sur l'influence des flux de chaleur provenant des coulées de lave. Trois domaines sont imbriqués de 2 km à 100m de résolution horizontale. Cette étude de modélisation couple simultanément (i) la dynamique atmosphérique de méso-échelle Meso-NH, (ii) un module de chimie en phase gazeuse et phase aqueuse, et (iii) un modèle de surface simulant une propagation de coulée de lave. Tous les flux (chaleur, vapeur, SO2, CO2 et HCl) sont déclenchés en ligne et sont fonction de la dynamique du front de propagation. Nos simulations reproduisent les observations des concentrations en surface de SO2 pour cette période et diverses analyses de sensibilité montrent que la distribution de soufre a été principalement contrôlée par le flux de chaleur de lave. Les dernières simulations incluent la modélisation du panache de vapeur d'eau lors de l'entrée de la lave en mer. Enfin, deux tests de sensibilités ont été réalisés sur la journée du 5 avril afin d'analyser les interactions dynamiques entre les différentes convections : au cratère et au-dessus de la lave (flux de chaleur sensible) et lors de l'entrée de la lave en mer (flux de chaleur latente)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is one of the main gases emitted during volcanic eruptions. The Reunion Island experienced its biggest eruption of Piton de la Fournaise Volcano during April 2007 and this event degassed more than 230 kt of SO2. Theses emissions led to important health issues, accompanied by environmental and infrastructure degradations. SO2 measurements made by the ORA noted higher concentrations than the critical threshold for health but not to periods when the eruption was the most intense. Our study is to use the atmospheric mesoscale model Meso-NH to simulate the transport of SO2 between 2 and 7April, with a focus on the influence of heat flow from lava flows. Three domains are nested from 2km to 100m of horizontal resolution. This modeling study torque simultaneously (i) atmospheric dynamics of mesoscale Meso-NH, (ii) a chemistry module in the gas phase and aqueous phase, and (iii) a surface model simulating a lava flow spread. All flow (heat,vapor, SO2, CO2 and HCl) are triggered online and are function of the dynamics of thepropagation front. Our simulations reproduce the observations of surface concentrations of SO2 for that period and various sensitivity analyzes show that the sulfur distribution was mainly controlled by the lava heat flow. The latest simulations include the modeling of the Laze plume when the lava meet the sea. Finally, two sensitivity tests were performed on the day of April 5 to analyze the dynamic interactions between convections: the crater andover the lava (sensible heat flux) and at the entry of lava into the sea (latent heat flux)

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28

Walji, Dhiran. "A radical approach towards the synthesis of novel pyridine and pyrimidine based heterocycles." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=62164.

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29

Grant, Jane D. "The significance of groundwater-surface water interactions on hyporheic physico-chemistry and stream ecology in two Scottish mountain rivers." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Online version available for University members only until Apr. 7, 2010, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26046.

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30

Mostafa, Wael M. Abdel-Mageed. "Investigations of secondary metabolites from marine organisms." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Online version available for University member only until Sep. 1, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53365.

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31

Oyesanya, Olufemi. "Mechanistic Studies on the Electrochemistry of Glutathione and Homocysteine." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1583.

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This research work has investigated the electrochemistry of glutathione (GSH)and homocysteine (HCSH) in order to develop sensors for these biological thiols.Ru(bpy)33+ and IrCl62− have been used as mediators for the electrooxidation of GSH andHCSH because direct oxidation of these thiols is slow at most conventional electrodes.The electrochemical detection of GSH and HCSH has been pursued because of their biological roles. Concerted proton electron transfer (CPET) and stepwise proton electron transfer(PT/ET) pathways have been observed in the electrooxidation of GSH and HCSH.Oxidation of GSH by Ru(bpy)33+ carried out in deuterated and undeuterated buffered (pH= pD = 5.0) and unbuffered solutions (pH = pD 5.0−9.0) indicates a CPET pathway. AtpH 7.0 buffered solution, the involvement of the buffer was obvious, with rate increasing as the buffer concentration increases − an indication of a general base catalysis. The oxidation of GSH by IrCl62− follows through CPET at pH 7.0 when the optimum concentration of the buffer is established. The plot of the rate vs. buffer concentration gave a curvature at lower buffer concentration and then a plateau at higher concentration,which implies a change in the rate determining step as the buffer concentration increases.At lower buffer concentration, proton transfer was seen to be the rate determining step asthe reduction current increases upon scan rate increase. In the oxidation of HCSH by IrCl62−, CPET was observed at pH = pD values of7.0 and 8.0, whereas PT/ET was seen at pH = pD values of 9.0 and 10. Increase in the buffer concentration at pH 7.0 revealed the contribution of the buffer, in that, the oxidation proceeds more efficiently, seeing that the catalytic peak current shifts more negatively and the peak broadness diminishes. Increase in the temperature for the electrooxidation of HCSH resulted in increase in the rate.

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32

Nyström, Josefina. "Multivariate non-invasive measurements of skin disorders." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Chemistry, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-865.

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The present thesis proposes new methods for obtaining objective and accurate diagnoses in modern healthcare. Non-invasive techniques have been used to examine or diagnose three different medical conditions, namely neuropathy among diabetics, radiotherapy induced erythema (skin redness) among breast cancer patients and diagnoses of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The techniques used were Near-InfraRed spectroscopy (NIR), Multi Frequency Bio Impedance Analysis of whole body (MFBIA-body), Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) and Digital Colour Photography (DCP).

The neuropathy for diabetics was studied in papers I and II. The first study was performed on diabetics and control subjects of both genders. A separation was seen between males and females and therefore the data had to be divided in order to obtain good models. NIR spectroscopy was shown to be a viable technique for measuring neuropathy once the division according to gender was made. The second study on diabetics, where MFBIA-body was added to the analysis, was performed on males exclusively. Principal component analysis showed that healthy reference subjects tend to separate from diabetics. Also, diabetics with severe neuropathy separate from persons less affected.

The preliminary study presented in paper III was performed on breast cancer patients in order to investigate if NIR, LDI and DCP were able to detect radiotherapy induced erythema. The promising results in the preliminary study motivated a new and larger study. This study, presented in papers IV and V, intended to investigate the measurement techniques further but also to examine the effect that two different skin lotions, Essex and Aloe vera have on the development of erythema. The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test showed that DCP and NIR could detect erythema, which is developed during one week of radiation treatment. LDI was able to detect erythema developed during two weeks of treatment. None of the techniques could detect any differences between the two lotions regarding the development of erythema.

The use of NIR to diagnose cutaneous malignant melanoma is presented as unpublished results in this thesis. This study gave promising but inconclusive results. NIR could be of interest for future development of instrumentation for diagnosis of skin cancer.

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Guerreiro, Manoel Augusto da Silva [UNESP]. "Os efeitos do Game Design no processo de criação de jogos digitais utilizados no ensino de Química e Ciências: o que devemos considerar?" Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126484.

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Jogos digitais podem ser inseridos no contexto do ensino escolar na forma de ferramentas de promoção do conhecimento, favorecimento da aprendizagem lúdica, desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas e, também, como recurso motivacional em sala de aula. Esses materiais encontram na população jovem escolar os seus maiores apreciadores. Uma metodologia de ensino, relativamente nova, apregoa que é possível ensinar conteúdos escolares utilizando jogos digitais nesse processo. É a Aprendizagem Baseada em Jogos Digitais, defendida por muitos pesquisadores da área da ciência cognitiva e do game design. Entretanto, pouco conhecemos sobre o processo de construção dessas mídias digitais para o ensino de Química e Ciências. Desta forma, este trabalho traz uma proposta para a criação de um jogo digital educativo de Química, sob a perspectiva de duas dimensões: a lúdica e a educativa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é entender a importância dos aspectos considerados, no intuito de colaborar com o processo de criação dos jogos digitais utilizados para esse fim. Nossa metodologia tem o enfoque na construção do jogo chamado Mr. Ratômico, que aborda um tema escolar da disciplina de Química escolhida segundo critério definidos neste trabalho. Esse objeto de estudo foi analisado por duas populações - os professores e os game designers, uma vez que esses profissionais são os responsáveis pelo ensino de Química e também pela construção de jogos digitais, respectivamente. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de questionários semi-estruturados e analisados sob a perspectiva da metodologia mista, devido às características qualitativas e quantitativas da análise do jogo em questão. Os resultados iniciais, obtidos pelo teste do jgo, demonstraram que os respondentes das duas populações perceberam os aspectos examinados, encontraram insconsistências, sugeriram alterações e indicaram os pontos mais problemáticos no processo de...
Digital games can be inserted in the context of school education as tools to promote knowledge, favoring the playful learning, development of cognitive skills and also as a motivational resource in the classroom. These features have their greatest admirers among the young shool population. A teaching methodology, relatively new, proclain that it is possible to teach shool subjects using digital games in the process. It is the Digital Games Based Learning, advocated by many researchers in the field of cognitive science and game design. However, we know little about the process of construction of these digital media for the teaching of Chemistry and Sciences. Thus, this paper presents a proposal to create an educational digital games of Chemistry, under the two-dimensional perspective: the playful and educational. The objective of this research is to understand the importance of the aspects considered in order to assist in the process of creating digital games used for this purpose. Our methodology has a focus on building the game called Mr. Ratômico which addresses a school subject of chemistry discipline chosen according to criteria defined in this work. This subject matter was analyzd by two people - teachers and game designers, as these professionals are responsible for the teaching of chemistry and also the construction of digital games. Data were obtained from simi-structured questionnaires and analyzed from the perspective of mixed methodology, dueto to the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the analysis of the game in question. The initial results obatined by the pilot test kit showed that the respondents of the two populations realized the aspects examined, found insconsistencies, suggested changes and indicated the most problematic aspects in the construction process of the game here analyzed. In further analysis to the settings shows, respondents identified the aspects analyzed and, in addition showed other than...

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34

Guerreiro, Manoel Augusto da Silva. "Os efeitos do Game Design no processo de criação de jogos digitais utilizados no ensino de Química e Ciências : o que devemos considerar? /." Bauru, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126484.

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Orientador: Wilson Massashiro Yonezawa
Banca: Rogério Junior Correia Tavares
Banca: Aguinaldo Robinson de Souza
Resumo: Jogos digitais podem ser inseridos no contexto do ensino escolar na forma de ferramentas de promoção do conhecimento, favorecimento da aprendizagem lúdica, desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas e, também, como recurso motivacional em sala de aula. Esses materiais encontram na população jovem escolar os seus maiores apreciadores. Uma metodologia de ensino, relativamente nova, apregoa que é possível ensinar conteúdos escolares utilizando jogos digitais nesse processo. É a "Aprendizagem Baseada em Jogos Digitais", defendida por muitos pesquisadores da área da ciência cognitiva e do game design. Entretanto, pouco conhecemos sobre o processo de construção dessas mídias digitais para o ensino de Química e Ciências. Desta forma, este trabalho traz uma proposta para a criação de um jogo digital educativo de Química, sob a perspectiva de duas dimensões: a lúdica e a educativa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é entender a importância dos aspectos considerados, no intuito de colaborar com o processo de criação dos jogos digitais utilizados para esse fim. Nossa metodologia tem o enfoque na construção do jogo chamado Mr. Ratômico, que aborda um tema escolar da disciplina de Química escolhida segundo critério definidos neste trabalho. Esse objeto de estudo foi analisado por duas populações - os professores e os game designers, uma vez que esses profissionais são os responsáveis pelo ensino de Química e também pela construção de jogos digitais, respectivamente. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de questionários semi-estruturados e analisados sob a perspectiva da metodologia mista, devido às características qualitativas e quantitativas da análise do jogo em questão. Os resultados iniciais, obtidos pelo teste do jgo, demonstraram que os respondentes das duas populações perceberam os aspectos examinados, encontraram insconsistências, sugeriram alterações e indicaram os pontos mais problemáticos no processo de...
Abstract: Digital games can be inserted in the context of school education as tools to promote knowledge, favoring the playful learning, development of cognitive skills and also as a motivational resource in the classroom. These features have their greatest admirers among the young shool population. A teaching methodology, relatively new, proclain that it is possible to teach shool subjects using digital games in the process. It is the "Digital Games Based Learning", advocated by many researchers in the field of cognitive science and game design. However, we know little about the process of construction of these digital media for the teaching of Chemistry and Sciences. Thus, this paper presents a proposal to create an educational digital games of Chemistry, under the two-dimensional perspective: the playful and educational. The objective of this research is to understand the importance of the aspects considered in order to assist in the process of creating digital games used for this purpose. Our methodology has a focus on building the game called Mr. Ratômico which addresses a school subject of chemistry discipline chosen according to criteria defined in this work. This subject matter was analyzd by two people - teachers and game designers, as these professionals are responsible for the teaching of chemistry and also the construction of digital games. Data were obtained from simi-structured questionnaires and analyzed from the perspective of mixed methodology, dueto to the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the analysis of the game in question. The initial results obatined by the pilot test kit showed that the respondents of the two populations realized the aspects examined, found insconsistencies, suggested changes and indicated the most problematic aspects in the construction process of the game here analyzed. In further analysis to the settings shows, respondents identified the aspects analyzed and, in addition showed other than...
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Passaretti, Filho Juliano [UNESP]. "Análise de imagens para fins analíticos: aplicações ambientais e tecnológicas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143007.

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Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos métodos sensíveis, seletivos, de custo reduzido com potencial para serem utilizados em aplicações ambientais e tecnológicas. Os princípios utilizados para determinação destes de diferentes analitos são baseados em reações de soluções aquosas, que produzem espécies coloridas, utilizadas como base de métodos óticos, envolvendo a aquisição e o processamento de imagens digitais. Os experimentos mostraram a viabilidade da utilização de sensores ópticos de aquisição de imagens digitais em sensores CMOS e CCD. Como resultados preliminares foram comparados sinais analíticos obtidos por espectrofotômetro e imagens digitais para determinação de nitrito, fosfato inorgânico e ozônio residual em água. As diferentes determinações mostraram que os resultados não diferem entre si com índice de confiança de 95%. Os resultados obtidos nos procedimentos experimentais que resultaram em dados confiáveis foram base para que fossem estabelecidos novos métodos para aplicações ambientais, como a determinação de SO2 e NO2 atmosférico Para a determinação de NO2 em ar foi utilizada a reação Griess-Saltzman (GS) com formação de corante róseo com absorção em 540 nm. As amostragens de ar foram feitas utilizado um cartucho C18 impregnado com TEA (trietanolamina) com vazão de 0,5 L min-1 e tempo de 60 min. O analito foi solubilizado com solução alcoólica de metanol/ água e recolhido em balão de 10,0 mL contendo 4,0 mL do reagente GS. Uma alíquota de 4,0ml foi colocada em uma superfície de acrílico e a imagens da solução foi digitalizada com um scanner. O processamento das imagens obtidas resultou em sinais analíticos proporcionais ao NO2. O limite de detecção foi de 12 ppb, com um erro relativo de 7,0 % e coeficiente de variação de 3,2 %. Para melhorar o limite de detecção o volume de solução foi otimizado (300 μL) e novo...
This work describes the development of sensitive, selective, and inexpensive methods with potential for use in environmental and technological applications. The techniques are based on reactions in aqueous solution that produce colored species that can be measured optically by means of the acquisition and processing of digital images. The experiments demonstrated the viability of using CMOS and CCD sensors to acquire digital images. In preliminary tests, comparison was made of analytical signals obtained using the digital image method and spectrophotometry, for measurements of nitrite, inorganic phosphate, and residual ozone in water. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two techniques, at a confidence level of 95%. The reliability of the results obtained using the new method then enabled new methods to be developed for environmental applications such as the determination of atmospheric SO2 and NO2. The determination of NO2 in air employed the Griess-Saltzman (GS) reaction, in which a rosecolored product is formed that absorbs at a wavelength of 540 nm. Air sampling was performed using C18 cartridges impregnated with triethanolamine (TEA), at a flow rate of 0.5 L min-1 for 60 min. The analyte was solubilized using an alcoholic solution of methanol/water, and then transferred to a 10.0 mL volumetric flask containing 4.0 mL of the GS reagent. A 4.0 mL aliquot was placed on an acrylic surface and digital images of the solution were acquired using a scanner. Processing of the images then resulted in analytical signals that were proportional to the NO2 concentration. The detection limit was 12 ppb, the relative error was 7.0 %, and the coefficient of variation was 3.2 %. In order to improve the detection limit, the solution volume was optimized (300 μL) and a new procedure for acquisition and treatment of the digital images was implemented, resulting in a reduction...

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36

Passaretti, Filho Juliano. "Análise de imagens para fins analíticos : aplicações ambientais e tecnológicas /." Araraquara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143007.

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Orientador: Arnaldo Alves Cardoso
Banca: Orlando Fatibello Filho
Banca: Paulo Clairmont Feitosa de Lima Gomes
Banca: Boaventura Freire dos Reis
Banca: Fabíola Manhas Verbi Pereira
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos métodos sensíveis, seletivos, de custo reduzido com potencial para serem utilizados em aplicações ambientais e tecnológicas. Os princípios utilizados para determinação destes de diferentes analitos são baseados em reações de soluções aquosas, que produzem espécies coloridas, utilizadas como base de métodos óticos, envolvendo a aquisição e o processamento de imagens digitais. Os experimentos mostraram a viabilidade da utilização de sensores ópticos de aquisição de imagens digitais em sensores CMOS e CCD. Como resultados preliminares foram comparados sinais analíticos obtidos por espectrofotômetro e imagens digitais para determinação de nitrito, fosfato inorgânico e ozônio residual em água. As diferentes determinações mostraram que os resultados não diferem entre si com índice de confiança de 95%. Os resultados obtidos nos procedimentos experimentais que resultaram em dados confiáveis foram base para que fossem estabelecidos novos métodos para aplicações ambientais, como a determinação de SO2 e NO2 atmosférico Para a determinação de NO2 em ar foi utilizada a reação Griess-Saltzman (GS) com formação de corante róseo com absorção em 540 nm. As amostragens de ar foram feitas utilizado um cartucho C18 impregnado com TEA (trietanolamina) com vazão de 0,5 L min-1 e tempo de 60 min. O analito foi solubilizado com solução alcoólica de metanol/ água e recolhido em balão de 10,0 mL contendo 4,0 mL do reagente GS. Uma alíquota de 4,0ml foi colocada em uma superfície de acrílico e a imagens da solução foi digitalizada com um scanner. O processamento das imagens obtidas resultou em sinais analíticos proporcionais ao NO2. O limite de detecção foi de 12 ppb, com um erro relativo de 7,0 % e coeficiente de variação de 3,2 %. Para melhorar o limite de detecção o volume de solução foi otimizado (300 μL) e novo...
Abstract: This work describes the development of sensitive, selective, and inexpensive methods with potential for use in environmental and technological applications. The techniques are based on reactions in aqueous solution that produce colored species that can be measured optically by means of the acquisition and processing of digital images. The experiments demonstrated the viability of using CMOS and CCD sensors to acquire digital images. In preliminary tests, comparison was made of analytical signals obtained using the digital image method and spectrophotometry, for measurements of nitrite, inorganic phosphate, and residual ozone in water. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two techniques, at a confidence level of 95%. The reliability of the results obtained using the new method then enabled new methods to be developed for environmental applications such as the determination of atmospheric SO2 and NO2. The determination of NO2 in air employed the Griess-Saltzman (GS) reaction, in which a rosecolored product is formed that absorbs at a wavelength of 540 nm. Air sampling was performed using C18 cartridges impregnated with triethanolamine (TEA), at a flow rate of 0.5 L min-1 for 60 min. The analyte was solubilized using an alcoholic solution of methanol/water, and then transferred to a 10.0 mL volumetric flask containing 4.0 mL of the GS reagent. A 4.0 mL aliquot was placed on an acrylic surface and digital images of the solution were acquired using a scanner. Processing of the images then resulted in analytical signals that were proportional to the NO2 concentration. The detection limit was 12 ppb, the relative error was 7.0 %, and the coefficient of variation was 3.2 %. In order to improve the detection limit, the solution volume was optimized (300 μL) and a new procedure for acquisition and treatment of the digital images was implemented, resulting in a reduction...
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37

Ma, Jie. "Human Endogenous Sodium Pump Inhibitors Measurement, Source, Synthesis and Regulation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2953.

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The sodium pump (SP or Na+,K+-ATPase) is a membrane embedded protein complex that pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell per cycle and in so doing creates a cell membrane electrochemical potential. The membrane potential is critical for any functional cell. In the vasculature, reduction in the voltage potential causes vascular smooth muscle contraction and a narrowing of blood vessels (vasoconstriction) which can lead to increased blood pressure (hypertension). Substantial research over the past several decades has provided a vast amount of research on SP inhibitors, sometimes called endogenous digitalis-like factors (EDLF). Increased levels of these factors have been implicated in many hypertensive disorders including preeclampsia (PE), a life-threatening complication of pregnancy. It has been demonstrated that EDLF might be a causative factor in the pathophysiology of hypertension in PE. In order to elucidate EDLF production and regulation in PE, We developed a radioimmunoassay (RIA) measuring EDLF that could be applied to serum from pregnant women, placental homogenate and placental tissue culture. This assay employs Digibind, a commercially available Fab fragment derived from polyclonal antidigoxin antibodies that cross reacts with EDLF, as the primary antibody. Using Digibind RIA, we demonstrated that placenta is a source of EDLF production and regulation. Moreover, the identification of an inhibitor, ketoconazole and a substrate, 17-hydroxyprogesterone of the synthetic pathway of EDLF in placenta proved that this pathway shares steps with the steroid synthetic pathway. Some potential regulatory agents which have elevated levels in PE or be associated in PE and thus are thought to mediate PE, such as hydrogen peroxide, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hypoxia have also been demonstrated to be stimuli of EDLF production in placenta. These findings are helpful to the further study on EDLF synthesis and regulation in placenta. Once we elucidate the mechanisms, it could be easier to provide deeper insights into the pathogenesis of PE and subsequently develop earlier diagnosis and effective prevention of or therapeutic approaches to PE.

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38

Lundin, Evelina. "Säger en bild mer än tusen ord? : En multimodal textanalys av ett tradtionellt och ett digitalt läromedel i kemi." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34684.

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The purpose with this thesis is to analyze how written text and images interact in a traditional and digital learning component in chemistry. • How does text and images interact in a traditional and digital teaching material for grades 4-6 in the field of water characteristics and circuits? • What are the multimodal similarities and differences between the two teaching tools? To answer the questions, a quality multimodal text analysis has been used together with a model that focuses on the text's overall structure and the interaction between the text's parts. The result showed that there was interaction between text and images in all the teaching materials. The properties and circuits of the water are reinforced through pictures and accompanying text in both study units. The difference was in the traditional teaching medium, where there were more pictures and shorter text, while in the digital learning medium there were long information-proof texts.

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Mata, Jaisa Angelica Vieira da. "Ensino de química com uso de tecnologias digitais para uma educação de jovens e adultos rejuvenescida." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8677.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present work brought the Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) inclusion in the modality of Youth and Adult Education (YAE) for the Chemistry teaching and learning process, in order to identify the constituent elements of the teaching and learning process, from the perspective of the YAE, which denote conceptual and social meaning to the teaching of chemistry through DICT. There were moments of dialogue sessions to expose the substance content that preceded the use of the educational applications "MERCK PTE" and "molculator". The research developed in the action research methodology, had the lessons recorded and filmed for later transcription, reflection and analysis. In the data analysis, from three categories, "Rejuvenation of the public of YAE; Didactic perspectives in the use of DICT and (In) dependence on the applications use ", it was observed the importance of the dialogue between teacher and students, based on the life experiences and the practice of using the DTIC, among the older students and the younger ones. This exchange of experiences was decisive for the effective learning process of the chemical contents mediated by digital technologies. It’s concluded from the analysis that it is possible to approach chemical contents through the DTIC in classrooms of YAE, since it is a profitable public to exchange experiences and dialogue and, because of being rejuvenated, absorb study habits that involve the technologies as a new school configuration element.
O presente trabalho trouxe a inclusão de Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Química, tendo como objetivo identificar elementos constitutivos do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, na perspectiva da EJA, que denotem significado conceitual e social ao ensino de química por meio das TDIC. Foram utilizados aplicativos educativos, como “MERCK PTE” e “molculator”, voltados ao ensino dos conteúdos de química na EJA, buscando assim, estabelecer relações entre conceitos e contexto a partir da interação entre diferentes faixas etárias e o uso das TDIC. Houve momentos de aulas dialogadas para exposição do conteúdo de quantidade de matéria que antecederam o uso dos aplicativos educativos “MERCK PTE” e “molculator”. A pesquisa, desenvolvida na metodologia de pesquisa-ação, teve as aulas gravadas e filmadas para posterior transcrição, reflexão e análise. Na análise dos dados, a partir de três categorias, “Rejuvenescimento do público de EJA; Perspectivas didáticas no uso das TDIC e (In)dependência no uso dos aplicativos”, observou-se a importância do diálogo entre docente e alunos, pautado nas experiências de vida e da prática de uso das TDIC, entre os estudantes mais velhos e os mais novos. Essa troca de experiências foi determinante para o efetivo processo de aprendizagem dos conteúdos químicos mediados pelas tecnologias digitais. Conclui-se a partir da análise, que é possível abordar conteúdos químicos por meio das TDIC em salas de aulas de EJA, visto ser um público profícuo à troca de experiências e diálogo e, por estar rejuvenescido, absorvem hábitos de estudos que envolvem as tecnologias como novo elemento da configuração escolar.

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Hopoate-Sitake, Moana Lee. "A Novel Use of Digoxin Immune Fab Fragment in Identification and Isolation of an Endogenous Digitalis-like Factor Found in Preeclampsia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2599.

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The mechanisms mediating the hypertension of preeclampsia (PE) are unclear. Endogenous digitalis-like factors (EDLFs) are specific sodium pump (SP) inhibitors implicated in essential and experimental hypertension, but they have not been fully explored in the setting of PE. This study uses a digoxin antibody Fab fragment to address the question of whether such factors are present and increased in PE, to investigate a possible treatment of PE, and to isolate and characterize all EDLFs present in PE. Sera and placenta from women with PE did show a significant increase in SP inhibition in comparison to women with normal pregnancy and Digibind® was found to bind EDLFs and essentially block or reverse SP inhibition. Sera were collected in a Phase II, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study in which women with severe preeclampsia were dosed with Digibind®, as a therapeutic, and the SP activity measured. Sera and placenta from women with PE was also investigated for their inhibitory effects on the SP. Known candidates for EDLFs were investigated for their SP inhibitory effects, as well as how digitalis antibody immune Fab fragments, Digibind® and DigiFab™, bound them and affected the SP activity. Digibind® is also a sufficient affinity material used to isolate and purify PE EDLFs. Additionally, the placentas of preeclamptic women have high levels of similar EDLFs. These studies provide evidence for the existence of EDLFs that circulate in women with PE, and Digibind® is an effective and novel tool to bind, isolate and purify EDLFs in PE.

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41

Santiago, João Victor Biagi. "Desenvolvimento de método analítico para a determinação do herbicida paraquat em urina humana /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153036.

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Orientador: Leonardo Pezza
Banca: Jose Anchieta Gomes Neto
Banca: Aristeu Gomes Tininis
Resumo: A proposta apresentada por este trabalho foi estudar e desenvolver um método analítico para a determinação do herbicida paraquat em urina humana, de modo que este seja rápido, sensível, econômico e com uma menor geração de resíduos em relação aos métodos disponíveis, atualmente empregados para esta finalidade, atendendo assim os princípios e requisitos da Química Verde (Green Chemistry) e da Química Analítica Verde (Green Analytical Chemistry). Outro aspecto também abordado, é o emprego da técnica de análise por imagem digital utilizando software analítico através da geração de imagens digitais por meio das fotografias obtidas dos spot-tests, tornando a metodologia portátil e consequentemente mais acessível. O método desenvolvido consiste na reação de redução do dicátion paraquat (PQ2+) para a formação de um cátion radicalar (PQ*+) de coloração azul, utilizando uma solução de glicose (Glc) em meio alcalino (NaOH) como reagente redutor. As concentrações dos reagentes foram otimizadas para obter a maior resposta analítica possível, com o auxílio de ferramentas quimiométricas. O produto colorido possui máxima absorbância em torno de 600 nm, e, devido a coloração azul intenso desenvolvida na sua redução, tornou-se possível sua detecção e quantificação por análise das imagens digitais dos spot-tests da reação no canal de cor vermelho (canal Red do sistema RGB), utilizando-se o software livre "ImageJ - Image Processing and Analysis in Java". Através da análise da intensidade efetiv... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work was proposed study and develop an analytical method for determination and quantification of paraquat herbicide in human urine samples, so that this is rapid, sensible, economic, and lesser waste generating that the related methods in literature, currently employed for this purpose, following with Green Chemistry (G.C.) and Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles. Another approached aspect is employ of Digital Image Analysis (DIA) technique using analytical software through the generating digital images photographed of the spot-tests, making the methodology portable and consequently most accessible. The method developed is based in reduction reaction between paraquat dicátion (PQ2+) for this formation of the radicalar cation (PQ*+) of blue coloring, using a glucose (Glc) solution in alkaline mean (NaOH) as reducing reagent, the reagent concentrations was being optimized for the highest analytical response possible, with the help of the chemometric tools. The colored product has max absorbance at 600 nm, and, because intense blue coloring developed in the reduction, was possible to the detection and quantification from analysis of the digital images of the spot-tests of reaction in red color channel (Red channel of the model RGB), employing the free software ImageJ - Image Processing and Analysis in Java. Through of the analysis of effective intensity (Ar) of the coloring, measured in the red color channel, was plotted an analytical curve that present linearity in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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42

Johansson, Senia. "Studies on Cytotoxic and Neutrophil Challenging Polypeptides and Cardiac Glycosides of Plant Origin." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5092-X/.

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43

König, Niklas Felix. "Synthesis and modification of abiotic sequence-defined poly(phosphodiester)s." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF027.

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Récemment, la chimie des phosphoramidites s’est montrée efficace et polyvalente en tant que plateforme pour accéder à des poly(phosphodiester)s à séquence définies abiotiques. Grâce à cette stratégie, les monomères peuvent être placés dans la chaîne à des positions choisies, ouvrant la voie à de nombreuses possibilités pour la préparation de macromolécules fonctionnelles. Ici, la méthode phosphoramidite a été explorée pour la synthèse de polymères dits numériques, qui contiennent des séquences de monomères encodées binairement. Des polymères dont les longueurs de chaînes et les séquences numériques sont contrôlées ont été préparés en utilisant une stratégie phosphoramidite classique impliquant des groupements protecteurs diméthoxytrityles, ou bien un procédé photocontrôlé faisant intervenir des groupements nitrophénylpropyloxycarbonyles clivables à la lumière. En outre, plusieurs stratégies pour modifier l’information contenue dans les chaînes latérales ont été étudiées dans cette thèse. Une modification binaire post-polymérisation à travers deux cycloadditions alcyne-azoture catalysées par le cuivre(I) consécutives a été examinée pour optimiser les chaînes latérales des poly(phosphodiester)s à séquences définies. De plus, la libération photocontrôlée de différents motifs éthers ortho-nitrobenzyliques latéraux a été étudiée. Ces fonctions ont permis la conception d’oligo(phosphodiester)s numériques dont les séquences d’information peuvent être effacées ou révélées grâce à la lumière
Phosphoramidite chemistry has recently been evidenced to be an efficient and versatile platform to access sequence-defined abiotic poly(phosphodiester)s. Using this strategy, monomers can be placed at defined positions positions in a chain, thus opening up wide possibilities for the preparation of functional macromolecules.Here, the phosphoramidite platform was explored to synthesize so-called digital polymers, which contain monomer-coded binary sequences. Polymers with controlled chain lengths and digital sequences were prepared using either a standard phosphoramidite strategy involving dimethoxytrityl protective groups or a photo-controlled process involving light-cleavable nitrophenylpropyloxycarbonyl protective groups. Additionally, several strategies to modify the side chain information were investigated in this thesis. A binary post-polymerization modification by means of sequential copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions was investigated for tuning the side chain functionality of sequence-defined poly(phosphodiester)s. Moreover, the photo-controlled release of several ortho-nitrobenzylic ether side chain motifs was studied. These moieties allowed the design of digital oligo(phosphodiester)s whose sequence information can be erased or revealed with light as a trigger

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Jebrail, Mais J. "Digital Microfluidics: A Versatile Platform For Applications in Chemistry, Biology and Medicine." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29763.

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Digital microfluidics (DMF) has recently emerged as a popular technology for a wide range of applications. In DMF, nL-mL droplets containing samples and reagents are controlled(i.e., moved, merged, mixed, and dispensed from reservoirs) by applying a series of electrical potentials to an array of electrodes coated with a hydrophobic insulator. DMF is distinct from microchannel-based fluidics as it allows for precise control over multiple reagent phases (liquid and solid) in heterogeneous systems with no need for complex networks of microvalves. In this thesis, digital microfluidics has been applied to address key challenges in the fields of chemistry, biology and medicine. For applications in chemistry, the first two-plate digital microfluidic platform for synchronized chemical synthesis is reported. The new method, which was applied to synthesizing peptide macrocycles, is fast and amenable to automation, and is convenient for parallel scale fluid handling in a straightforward manner. For applications in biology, I present the first DMF-based method for extraction of proteins (via precipitation) in serum and cell lysate. The performance of the new method was comparable to that of conventional techniques, with the advantages of automation and reduced analysis time. The results suggest great potential for digital microfluidics for proteomic biomarker discovery. Furthermore, I integrated DMF with microchannels for in-line biological sample processing and separations. Finally, for applications in medicine, I developed the first microfluidic method for sample clean-up and extraction of estrogen from one-microliter droplets of breast tissue homogenates, blood, and serum. The new method is fast and automated, and features >1000x reduction in sample use relative to conventional techniques. This method has significant potential for applications in endocrinology and breast cancer risk reduction. In addition, I describe a new microfluidic system incorporating a digital microfluidic platform for on-chip blood spotting and processing, and a microchannel emitter for direct analysis by mass spectrometry. The new method is fast, robust, precise, and is capable of quantifying analytes associated with common congenital disorders such as homocystinuria, phenylketonuria, and tyrosinemia.

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Li, Jing-Han, and 李京翰. "The Effects of Digital Learning Environment, Feedback Strategies and Gender on Junior High Learners’ Performances and Attitudes of Chemistry Acid-base Course." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95331590695104154250.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
資訊教育學系
100
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of learning acid-base neutralization in Chemistry lessons using various learning strategies on both genders under different digital learning environments. Participants in the study were eight classes of eighth grade students which were randomly selected. All students received computer-related courses, and have basic computer skills. The results revealed that (a) graphic web environment facilitated students’ understanding in chemical acid-base unit better than role-playing game environment, (b) using information feedback strategy was better than using performance feedback strategies in the learning outcomes in knowledge and understanding dimension of chemical acid-base unit, (c) male students had better learning outcomes than female students in the chemical acid-base unit, (d) role-playing game learning environment had more positive impacts on students’ learning attitude than graphic web environment, (e) students had same positive attitude toward the chemical acid-base unit no matter which feedback strategies they adopted, and (f) male students had more positive learning attitude than female students in chemical acid-base unit.

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Brenner, David. "Výběr a tvorba nových materiálů pro podpůrný výukový web www.studiumchemie.cz." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308031.

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This diploma thesis is focused on development and production of functional parts and new materials for the purpose of supporting educational website www.studiumchemie.cz on evaluation of its operation. The changes were made in graphical, structural and functional parts of website, which were designed based on the analysis of behavior of visitors to the website and by direct reaction of visitors. Changes were related to structure of database of chemical experiments or creating new features for registered users, such as evaluation of materials or personification of user profile. In cooperation with specialists have been incorporated several new materials, focusing on the issues of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In addition to that, two new games have been prepared - Chemical pentathlon and Identify molecules. New materials should be used to expand the portfolio of educational materials on the website. Furthermore, the administration interface has been created and designed to meet the needs of editorial contributors site without prior programming experience. Evaluation of the statistics associated with the operation of the site showed that web traffic continues to grow. The most visited parts of the site are database of educational materials and videos of chemical experiments. The current site traffic is...

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Brittain, David Raymond Bogumil. "Density functional theory, forces and path integrals." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155967.

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The work in this thesis is aimed, broadly speaking, at developing methods of applying quantum mechanics to molecular systems; methods which are accurate, but which have a modest computational cost. The focus is on two subjects in particular: density functional theory (DFT) and path integral Monte Carlo methods. Firstly, two new density functionals for exchange are developed using reference electron densities for which the spherical average of the exchange hole is known analytically. The Taylor series of the spherical average of the exchange hole is correct to second order for both of these functionals by construction. One functional uses a reference density designed to be representative of the valence regions of atoms. In a combination with some existing functionals, it performs well on a standard test set of atomisation energies. The other new functional uses the density of a hydrogen-like atom with a fractional number of electrons as a reference, and is the only known pure density functional that is exact for both the infinitely separated hydrogen molecular ion and the hydrogen atom. With some modifications, it is the best performing of any known density functional for the dissociation curve of the hydrogen molecular ion, a problem which is known to pose a challenge for density functional methods. Unfortunately, it does not seem to be widely applicable. A method of decomposing the DFT exchange energy in terms of the inter{u00AD}electronic distance is then described. This allows the quantitative comparison of the distance dependence of DFT exchange and Fock exchange, so long as the spherical average of the exchange hole is known analytically for the exchange functional under investigation. The technique is applied to various chemical systems for which DFT exchange is known to perform poorly: the dissociation curve of the hydrogen molecular ion and a series of isodesmic reactions of hydrocarbons. It is shown quantitatively that the DFT exchange functionals tested, including the two new functionals developed in this work, fail to model the true non-local nature of the Fock exchange. The poor performance of DFT exchange functionals for the dissociation curve of the hydrogen molecular ion is then revisited from the perspective of the electron density and electrostatic forces, using the generalised electrostatic theorem. Finally, a new method for performing path integral Monte Carlo simulations of systems of fermions is described. Using the antisymmetry property of the fermionic density matrix, it is shown that it is possible to write the partition function of a system of fermions as a difference of two path integrals, whose integrands are greater than equal to zero everywhere. This allows the application of Metropolis Monte Carlo methods. A method for determining expectation values of observables and free energy differences based on thermodynamic integration is described.

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Pereira, Helena Maria Correia. "O ensino-aprendizagem da física e da química: manuais escolares versus recursos digitais." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/4765.

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Orientação: Maria Nubélia Silvestre Bravo ; co-orientação: Maria Cecília Martins Ferreira da Silva
Nesta dissertação investigamos o uso do manual escolar na sala de aula, em consonância com as mudanças das práticas pedagógicas resultantes da existência de novos recursos digitais agregados ao manual escolar, tais como o e-manual, os CD-ROM e DVDs e, as plataformas educacionais na Internet, em particular, a Escola Virtual, da Porto Editora. O leitmotiv da realização desta investigação é avaliar a utilização destes recursos, quer nas práticas pedagógicas inovadoras por parte dos docentes, quer na contribuição para melhorar a aprendizagem dos alunos. No sentido de melhor compreender e analisar o impacto da integração dos recursos digitais no ensino-aprendizagem, escolhemos os recursos da Porto Editora, visto tratar-se de um estudo de caso centrado numa escola que adotou estes recursos. A partir de um enquadramento metodológico que procura ultrapassar as dicotomias entre as abordagens quantitativas e as abordagens qualitativas, centramos o nosso estudo numa unidade didática, Astronomia, lecionada no 7º ano de escolaridade, na disciplina de Ciências Físico-Químicas. Com base num modelo heurístico, os dados recolhidos através de questionários a professores e alunos numa escola onde a investigadora estagiou, referente a este conteúdo, indicam que a utilização dos referidos recursos digitais no ensino-aprendizagem, fomentou a motivação para a realização de atividades propostas, facilitou a compreensão e a aprendizagem de conceitos e motivou os alunos para o estudo na disciplina de Ciências Físico-Químicas. Não podemos deixar de enfatizar a exploração do manual interativo, como um elemento extremamente inovador, e simultaneamente potenciador da disseminação de conhecimentos em espaços não convencionais de ensino, pela possibilidade de autoaprendizagem, respeitando as particularidades dos alunos. No entendimento de uma postura de abertura e de investigação permanente e, conscientes de que o ensino-aprendizagem engloba inúmeros fatores, apontamos alguns trajetos investigativos possíveis que poderão, eventualmente, despontar, a partir deste estudo.
In this dissertation we scrutinize the use of the school manual in the classroom, in line with the changes in pedagogical practices resulting from the existence of new digital resources added to the school manual, such as the e-manual, such as CD-ROMs and DVDs and educational platforms on the Internet, in particular, the Virtual School, from Porto Editora. The leitmotiv of this research is to evaluate the use of these resources, both innovative pedagogical practices used by the teachers and their contribution to improve learning. In order to better understand and analyze the impact of the integration of the digital resources in the teaching-learning process, we choose the resources of Porto Editora, as it is a case study centered on a school which adopted these resources. From a methodological framework which seeks to overcome the dichotomies between the quantitative and qualitative approaches, we focused our study on a teaching unit, astronomy, taught in the 7th year of schooling, in the discipline of Physics-Chemistry Science. Based on a heuristic model, the data collected through questionnaires to teachers and students from several schools in the center of the country, concerning this content, indicate that the use of these digital resources, in the teaching-learning process, has fostered the motivation for the suggested activities, facilitated the understanding and learning of concepts and motivated students to the study of this subject of Physics-Chemistry program. We should emphasize the use of the interactive manual, as an extremely innovative element, and simultaneously a dissemination of knowledge enhancer in non-conventional teaching spaces, because of the potential of self-learning, respecting the particularities of pupils. In the understanding of a position of openness and permanent research, aware that the teaching-learning process encompasses numerous factors, we point out some possible investigative approaches that may likely emerge from this study.

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Ferrão, Mela Pedro João. "Aprender química e biologia no ensino superior a distância: estudo de caso sobre a utilização de recursos didácticos suportados em tecnologias digitais para actividades práticas." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/8575.

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A presente investigação tem como objetivo estudar a função das tecnologias digitais no apoio ao desenvolvimento de actividades práticas nomeadamente de tipo experimental, como recurso didático, em cursos de nível superior nos domínios da Química e Biologia. Procura-se através deste trabalho contribuir para a melhoria dos recursos didáticos e pedagógicos que facilitem a aprendizagem dos estudantes em contextos de ensino a distância. Com base numa metodologia qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, procedeu-se a uma coleta de dados através de entrevistas semiestruturada e inquérito por questionário. A amostra foi constituída por estudantes, delegados dos cursos de Química e Biologia e tutores que lecionam as disciplinas de carácter teórico-prático dos respetivos cursos. A investigação centrou-se no Centro de Ensino à Distância da Universidade Católica de Moçambique, em particular nos centros de recursos da Beira e Chimoio. Também se procedeu a análise do plano de estudos dos dois cursos, com base na aplicação da técnica análise de conteúdo. No fim da pesquisa foi possível conhecer melhor a situação atual e a necessidade de intensificar o uso dos recursos digitais como meios didáticos que auxiliem a compreensão dos conteúdos de carácter teórico – práticos. Sugere-se ainda o uso do blog como recurso tecnológico com vista à melhoria da aprendizagem no domínio da Educação em Ciência em contextos de ensino a distância, em particular nos cursos de Química e Biologia.
The objective of this research is to study the role of digital technologies in supporting the development of practical activities, especially of experimental type, as didactic resource, in higher education courses in the fields of Chemistry and Biology. The aim of this work is to contribute to the improvement of didactic and pedagogical resources that facilitate the learning of students in contexts of distance learning. Based on a qualitative methodology of the case study type, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey. The sample consisted of students, chemistry and biology delegates and tutors who teach theoretical and practical subjects in their courses. The research focused on the Distance Learning Center of the Catholic University of Mozambique, in particular at the Beira and Chimoio resource centers. The study plan of the two courses was also analyzed, based on the application of the technique of content analysis. At the end of the research it was possible to better understand the current situation and the need to intensify the use of digital resources as didactic means that help the understanding of theoretical - practical contents. It is also suggested to use the blog as a technological resource with the aim of improving learning in the field of Science Education in contexts of distance learning, in particular in the Chemistry and Biology courses.

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Carvalho, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira. "Relatório do Mestrado em Ensino da Fisica e de Quimica no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/36254.

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Relatório de estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de Física e de Química no 3.º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
O desenvolvimento da Ciência e da Sociedade realiza-se através de uma enredo de relações múltiplas e complexas. A sociedade de informação e do conhecimento em que vivemos apela à compreensão da Ciência para que, questões de natureza científica com implicações sociais possam ser apreciadas e discutidas pelos cidadãos. Neste sentido, a literacia científica é fundamental para desenvolver o exercício da cidadania. Para a literacia científica, é necessário o desenvolvimento de competências que se revelam em diferentes domínios, como o conhecimento (substantivo, processual ou metodológico, epistemológico), o raciocínio, a comunicação e as atitudes. Apresentam-se, dois estudos desenvolvidos no ensino das Ciências Físico-Químicas, com alunos do 7º ano de escolaridade, que tiveram como principais objetivos a análise da sua influência no aproveitamento, interesse, responsabilidade e relações interpessoais destes alunos. O primeiro estudo consistiu numa análise à eficiência do tipo de recursos digitais propostos pelo Grupo Porto Editora, na sua plataforma online, Escola Virtual, no ensino dos conteúdos Universo e Sistema Solar da componente de Física. Para a recolha de dados, foram elaboradas fichas de trabalho e grelhas de observação e registo diário. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma maior retenção das aprendizagens quando se utilizam recursos digitais caracterizados por imagens paradas e animadas acompanhadas de informação sonora e, uma menor retenção das aprendizagens para recursos digitais do tipo informação textual acompanhada de informação sonora. No segundo estudo, analisou-se os efeitos da implementação de Aprendizagem Baseada na Resolução de Problemas (ABRP), para a temática Energia – Fontes e formas de energia. Para a recolha de dados foram: i) elaborados - uma ficha informativa, um questionário de opinião e um diário de bordo; ii) organizados e ou desenvolvidos - um questionário de diagnóstico, uma grelha de observação e registo diário do professor, grelha de avaliação de dossiê de grupo e critérios de avaliação. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que, os alunos adquiriram uma maior capacidade de argumentação, de relacionamento de conteúdos e conceitos e não, simplesmente na memorização dos mesmos.
The development of the Science and Society is realized through a tangle of multiple and complex relationships. The information society and the knowledge that we live in, calls for understanding of science so that the scientific issues with social implications can be appraised and discussed by citizens. In this sense, scientific literacy is essential to develop citizenship. For scientific literacy, it is necessary to develop skills that are revealed in different domains, such as knowledge (substantive, procedural or methodological, epistemological), reasoning, communication and attitudes. We present two studies conducted in the teaching of physics and chemistry, with students from 7th grade, which had as main objective to analyze their influence on achievement, interest, responsibility and interpersonal relationships of these students. The first study consisted of an analysis of the efficiency of the type of digital resources proposed by Porto Editora Group in its online platform, Virtual School, for the teaching of the contents of the Universe and Solar System, for the physics component. For data collection, worksheets and observation grids were prepared. The results point to a greater retention of learning when using digital resources characterized by stops and animated images accompanied by sound information and lower retention of learning digital resources for the type of sound and text information. In the second study, we analyzed the effects of the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL), for the thematic Energy - Sources and forms of energy. For data collection were: i) elaborated – a scenario, a questionnaire of opinion and a logbook; ii) developed and organized - a questionnaire of diagnosis and opinion and skills observation grids. The results show that students have acquired a greater capacity for reasoning, the relationship of content and concepts rather than simply memorizing them.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Digital Chemistry'

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