Academic literature on the topic 'Digestes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Digestes"
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Durogbade, Samuel Adesina, Temitayo Bukola Korode, and Bamidele Honesty Akpeji. "Production of Biogas from Plantain Peels, Using Cow Dung as Substrate." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 5, no. 2 (April 20, 2024): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0471.
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In a biodigester setup, the researchers investigated the production of methane gas using plantain peel and cow dung as substrates. Two buncher flasks, corks, a glass tube, and a calibrated conical flask comprised the biodigester setup. The setup involved anaerobic digestion processes, analyzing different ratios of cow dung and plantain peel to produce biogas. The main anaerobic digestion process was carried out in Buncher flask one, after which the methane gas formed was sent to Buncher flask two through a rubber tube, where the by-products such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide were absorbed from the methane gas and the refined biogas was stored in a storage tube. For this study, there were seven setups of cow dung and plantain peel in digester1, digester2, digester3, digester4, digester5, digester6, and digester7 in the ratios of 0g;100g(100%), 10g(10%): 90g(90%), 20g(20%): 80g(80%), 30g(30%): 70g(70%), 40g(40%): 60g(60%), and 50g (50%): 50g(50%), respectively. After 15 days of retention, the slurry with the highest yield is digester 1, with 574 ml/day. The obtained kinetic modeling indicates a rise in yield as the retention time increases. Furthermore, it was observed that continuous mixing boosted the biogas production yield. The results provided valuable insights into the potential for biogas production from agricultural and animal wastes through anaerobic digestion, highlighting the impact of functional groups on biogas yield.
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Yakubu, Ubaidullahi, Sani Umar Mohammed, and Mary Samuel. "TESTING THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO DIFFERENT DIGESTERS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM HOUSEHOLD WASTE CO-DIGESTED WITH COW DUNG." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0803-2544.
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The research was carried out at Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. Different researches of bio-digesters have been conducted for biogas production but the physico-chemical properties of wastes, constituents of biogas and volume of digesters were not considered in previous research which resulted to poor performance of digesters by producing low flame. Hence the physico-chemical properties of wastes were determined, constituents of biogas were determined and volumes of digesters were considered for this research work so as to have effective performance of the digesters. This study involved the performance evaluation of two different digesters for the production of biogas from household Wastes co-digested with cow dung to select the best digester among the two suitable for household used. Two different digesters each of 5.5 litres and 90 litres were used for testing the performance of digesters using household Wastes co-digested with cow dung in which anaerobic digestion process at both mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures were employed.After the physico-chemical properties of wastes test, analysis of biogas constituents, Ventilation test and flammability test of both digesters were conducted.The highest volume of biogas produced for Digester 1 was 115 liters/day within a period of 15days and 2537 liters/day within a period of 28days for Digester 2.The Ventilation and flammability tests were conducted of both digesters in which Digester 1 passed Ventilation test and failed flammability test.The Digester 2 passed both Ventilation and flammability tests.The research concluded that, the Digester 2 was more effective because of large volume of Digester...
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Ratner, Raisa. "INFORMATION-LIBRARY SUPPORT INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION." Infolib 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47267/2181-8207/2020/3-016.
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Information and bibliographic work of RSPL is aimed at supporting the educational activities of pedagogical staff, the promotion of pedagogical heritage. Trainings will be conducted. Presentation of innovative forms of the product is created: thematic digestes, flyers, booklets. Presents bibliographic resources in the form of a «Festival of Bibliographic Products, Resources and Services».
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Suleiman Abubakar Isa, Aisha Idris, Hafsah Musa Abubakar, and Ibrahim Yusuf. "Upscaling Biogas Production using Fruit Waste (Pawpaw, Watermelon and Banana) Co Digested with Cow Dung, and Gutter’s Sludge." International Journal of Contemporary Microbiology 10, no. 1 (May 22, 2024): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/1yjex237.
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Nigeria faces a significant challenge of fruit waste due to improper handling and transportation practices, leading to damage and microbial contamination, resulting in environmental pollution. These wastes can be utilized to produce biogas which is environmentally safer and cleaner. This study explores the potential of using fruit waste (Pawpaw, Watermelon, and Banana) as substrates co-digested with cow dung and gutter sludge to upscale biogas production. Physicochemical analyses of the substrates and inoculums was conducted, followed by construction of pilot biogas digesters, and then isolation of methanogenic bacteria. A combination of single and mixed fruit ratio were added into the digesters with the cow dung and gutter sludge as co-digesters. For the up scaling, a 25L digester was constructed and the best mix ratio from the pilot digesters were fed into the digesters. Isolation of methanogens was carried out to access which substrate or inoculum had greater potential in the production of biogas individually or when co-digested by the presence of methanogenic colonies after incubation. The results revealed similar physicochemical parameters among the fruit waste substrates, while cow dung and gutter sludge showed variations, particularly in carbon-nitrogen ratios. The pilot study demonstrated that the mix ratio containing all three fruits, co-digested with cow dung and gutter sludge, produced the highest methane yield (11.2%). In upscaling, a 25L digester produced gas efficiently, albeit with some depletion over time, possibly due to methanotroph activity or exposure to sunlight. Methanogenic colonies were successfully isolated from lower dilutions of gutter sludge. This study highlights the potential of fruit waste as a valuable substrate, particularly when co-digested with cow dung and gutter sludge, which can serve as an effective inoculum due to the presence of methanogens.
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Shang, Y., B. R. Johnson, and R. Sieger. "Application of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1) for simulating full-scale anaerobic sewage sludge digestion." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2005): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0557.
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A steady-state implementation of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) has been applied to the anaerobic digesters in two wastewater treatment plants. The two plants have a wastewater treatment capacity of 76,000 and 820,000 m3/day, respectively, with approximately 12 and 205 dry metric tons sludge fed to digesters per day. The main purpose of this study is to compare the ADM1 model results with full-scale anaerobic digestion performance. For both plants, the prediction of the steady-state ADM1 implementation using the suggested physico-chemical and biochemical parameter values was able to reflect the results from the actual digester operations to a reasonable degree of accuracy on all parameters. The predicted total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) concentration in the digested biosolids, as well as the digester volatile solids destruction (VSD), biogas production and biogas yield are within 10% of the actual digester data. This study demonstrated that the ADM1 is a powerful tool for predicting the steady-state behaviour of anaerobic digesters treating sewage sludges. In addition, it showed that the use of a whole wastewater treatment plant simulator for fractionating the digester influent into the ADM1 input parameters was successful.
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Seyedi, Saba, Kaushik Venkiteshwaran, Nicholas Benn, and Daniel Zitomer. "Inhibition during Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Aqueous Pyrolysis Liquid from Wastewater Solids and Synthetic Primary Sludge." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 3441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083441.
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Pyrolysis can convert wastewater solids into useful byproducts such as pyrolysis gas (py-gas), bio-oil and biochar. However, pyrolysis also yields organic-rich aqueous pyrolysis liquid (APL), which presently has no beneficial use. Autocatalytic pyrolysis can beneficially increase py-gas production and eliminate bio-oil; however, APL is still generated. This study aimed to utilize APLs derived from conventional and autocatalytic wastewater solids pyrolysis as co-digestates to produce biomethane. Results showed that digester performance was not reduced when conventional APL was co-digested. Despite having a lower phenolics concentration, catalyzed APL inhibited methane production more than conventional APL and microbial community analysis revealed a concomitant reduction in acetoclastic Methanosaeta. Long-term (over 500-day) co-digestion of conventional APL with synthetic primary sludge was performed at different APL organic loading rates (OLRs). Acclimation resulted in a doubling of biomass tolerance to APL toxicity. However, at OLRs higher than 0.10 gCOD/Lr-d (COD = chemical oxygen demand, Lr = liter of reactor), methane production was inhibited. In conclusion, conventional APL COD was stoichiometrically converted to methane in quasi steady state, semi-continuous fed co-digesters at OLR ≤ 0.10 gCOD/Lr-d. Undetected organic compounds in the catalyzed APL ostensibly inhibited anaerobic digestion. Strategies such as use of specific acclimated inoculum, addition of biochar to the digester and pretreatment to remove toxicants may improve future APL digestion efforts.
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Taskaev, M. V., L. A. Garifyanova, and M. V. Svalova. "Analysis of the Methane Tanks Structures for the Sludge Treatment from Sewage Treatment Plants." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 20, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2022-1-96-105.
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The paper presents analysis of digester designs, considers the advantages and disadvantages of biogas plants. Experimental data of technological process of anaerobic digestion in biogas plant are given, relation between temperature and time of raw sludge digestion is shown. The methodology of research of technological processes occurring in digesters at the experimental biogas plant AN-BR-3 is given. The principle of digesters operation is described. The most effective thermophilic mode of digestion is revealed. The relation between temperature and time during digestion in biogas plant has been established based on the results of experimental studies. Principle diagrams of digester designs, with dome-shaped overlapping, with floating overlapping, open-ended are presented. The operating conditions of digesters, depending on which the most effective technological scheme of digestion is being chosen, are given. The technology of methane digestion is presented. The analysis of ways of mixing the digested mass is given in the work. Stages of experimental studies of the technological process of anaerobic digestion depending on the temperature regime are presented. Two basic technological schemes of digestion are presented: one-stage and two-stage. The prospects of application of digesters for treatment of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants are shown.
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Phuong, Nguyen Le. "STUDY ON CO-FERMENTATION OF COW DUNG AND GIANT DIRT IN SEMI-CONTINUOUS ANAEROBIC DIGESTER." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 2A (March 19, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11943.
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Study on co-fermentation of cow dung (CD) and giant dirt (GD - Pistia stratiotes L.) in semi-continuous anaerobic digester aims to test biogas quantity and quality by time. Three mixing rates counted based on ODM of each material were chosen: 100 %CD, 50 %CD + 50 %GD, and 100 %GD. The experiments were set up in laboratory conditions with two types of digesters: one-stage digesters and two-stage digesters (triplicate for each treatment). After 80 days, the biogas produced from the one-stage digesters was not significantly different to the two-stage digesters with similar input material. The highest production of biogas came from digesters of 100 %GD - 235.8 L for the one-stage and 240.3 L for the two-stages. The medium production came from digesters of 50 %CD + 50 %GD - 127.8 L for the one-stage and 118.4 L for the two-stages. After one month, the percentage of CH4 was high enough for burning and almost giant dirt was digested that limited of a blockage inside the digesters. The results showed that co-fermentation of GD and CD is an alternative for livestock raising households to produce biogas for energy purpose.
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Zikakis, D., J. Chauzy, I. Droubogianni, and A. Georgakopoulos. "Why applying THP on waste activated sludge makes sense: Psyttalia – Athens case study." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.078.
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Abstract In order to improve the energy footprint of Psyttalia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Athens, the application of a thermal hydrolysis process (THP) was preferred to the option of constructing additional digesters. Since August 2015, approximately half of the generated waste activated sludge (WAS) has been treated by a Cambi B6-4 system, while the thickened primary sludge (PS) is by-passing the THP and is mixed with the hydrolysed WAS before entering the 4 digesters. The 4 other conventional digesters have treated the remaining sludge. The dewaterability of the mixed digested sludge has significantly been improved from 22% dry solids (DS) before THP installation, up to 31% DS after THP installation. This is providing substantial reduction of energy use and cost savings at the sludge drying plant of Psyttalia. In addition, biogas generation and digester efficiency (VSR) have been increased.
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Engeli, H., W. Edelmann, J. Fuchs, and K. Rottermann. "Survival of Plant Pathogens and Weed Seeds during Anaerobic Digestion." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0079.
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The survival of Plasmodiophora brassicae was studied at digestion temperatures of 35 °C and 55 °C in laboratory batch digesters within one and two weeks, respectively. The study showed that digestion at 55 °C almost completely reduced the ability of infecting bait plants. The seeds of Rumex obtusifolius and Lycopersicon lycopersicum (tomatoes) were completely destroyed at 55 °C and a digestion time of 14 days, in laboratory batch digesters. The experiments carried out in a two stage pilot plant (Leach-Bed Solid Phase batch Digester for hydrolysis and a pulsating dynamic anaerobic filter for methanogenesis) showed that hydrolytic conditions are mainly responsible for the killing of weed seeds. Some additional data on the qualities of different digested substrates are presented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Digestes"
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Kidby, David W. "Biogas hydrogen as an indicator of digester instability in anaerobic sewage sludge digesters." Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280473.
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Moço, Eunice Alexandra dos Santos. "Projeto de uma unidade produtora de biogás." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/5847.
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Começa-se a acreditar que a sociedade poderá colapsar, caso não se resolvam
alguns problemas de foro estrutural e de comportamento, em particular os problemas
associados à sustentabilidade, ou falta dela, dos recursos energéticos. Num momento em
que Portugal se encontra numa crise económica profunda, as alternativas que possam
reduzir a nossa dependência de combustíveis fósseis são cada vez mais determinantes para
o nosso futuro.
É verdade que as fontes de energia renovável estão a ganhar grande relevo,
particularmente em Portugal. Mas, as bioenergias estão ainda em segundo plano, face à
energia hídrica, solar e eólica. Entre as bioenergias, uma das formas com elevado
potencial, mas ainda pouco aproveitado é o biogás. O biogás é principalmente obtido de
resíduos (agropecuários, aterros sanitários, estações de tratamento de águas residuais): a
transformação desses resíduos através de digestão anaeróbia, representa uma forma atrativa
de os valorizar, e simultaneamente reduzir os impactos ambientais gerados pelo despejo
direto desses resíduos na natureza.
Neste projecto avaliou-se a possibilidade de implementar uma unidade de produção
de biogás, e da sua conversão em electricidade, a partir das lamas residuais do saneamento
da região de Cantanhade, nos casos em que estas não são convertidas em biogás nas
próprias ETAR da região.
Procederam-se aos balanços de massa e de energia, e ao dimensionamento dos
equipamentos principais, apesar de forma simplificada, para uma capacidade de digestão
de 600 toneladas por ano. Determinou-se que seria possível produzir cerca de 1200 MWh
de energia anualmente.
Porém, verificou.se que a capacidade é demasiado pequena para viabilizar
economicamente a instalação. Mas aumentando a capacidade para cerca do dobro, a
instalação já poderia ser viável num horizonte de 20 anos.
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Christodoulides, Jacqueline S. "Mixing in anaerobic digesters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533276.
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Mons, Catherine. "Complications digestives chez les transplantés cardiaques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M025.
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Velho, Douglas Ferreira. "Digestão anaeróbia de resíduos de restaurantes: partida do reator e avaliação do biofertilizante." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5823.
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Comitesinos - Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
FUNDEPE - Fundação Universitária para Desenvolvimento do Ensino e da Pesquisa
Petrobras - Petróleo Brasileiro S. A.
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
O crescente aumento na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos, somado às formas inadequadas de tratamento e disposição contribuem de forma direta e significativa com a problemática ambiental. Diante deste cenário, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de alternativas que permitam outros benefícios além da disposição final apropriada. A digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa viável e economicamente interessante para tratamento da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Considerando que em nosso país a fração orgânica é predominante nos resíduos sólidos urbanos, correspondendo em média a mais de 40% na composição, ao mesmo tempo que reduz o volume de resíduos enviados para os aterros sanitários, o processo gera produtos como o biogás e biofertilizante para uso agrícola. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a tratabilidade da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos domésticos provenientes do preparo e pós consumo das refeições de um restaurante universitário em um reator operado por batelada e qualificar as características do biofertilizante gerado. Para atingir este objetivo, a pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas, sendo que na etapa inicial foram realizadas quatro bateladas nas quais foram analisadas a proporção adequada de resíduos e inóculo para partida do reator sem que ocorresse acidificação. A segunda etapa consistiu na realização de seis bateladas, nas quais foram monitorados os principais parâmetros de operação e a terceira etapa onde foram avaliados os parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos do biofertilizante gerado ao final dos ensaios da segunda etapa. Os resultados da primeira etapa apontaram que a proporção de 6:1 em termos de sólidos totais voláteis, sendo lodo proveniente de um reator UASB e resíduos sólidos putrescíveis respectivamente, apresentaram uma partida adequada do sistema, sem que ocorresse acidificação, com o pH variando entre 6,9 e 7,7. Na segunda fase o monitoramento dos principais parâmetros de operação permitiu que no decorrer dos ensaios a proporção em termos de STV fosse reduzida, chegando a 1:1 de inóculo e substrato respectivamente, na batelada 10, portanto permitindo o tratamento de uma quantidade maior de resíduos em relação aos ensaios iniciais. Os resultados obtidos no monitoramento apontaram que o pH manteve-se dentro da faixa considerada ideal entre 6,0 e 8,0, porém o período de vinte e dois dias adotado como tempo de retenção mostrou-se insuficiente para degradação e consequente remoção da matéria orgânica, sendo que apenas a batelada 10 mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de STV 8,1% e carbono orgânico total 33,5%. A análise física do biofertilizante gerado no final de cada ensaio apontou umidade acima do permitido pela legislação, sendo indicado apenas para uso via aspersão. Quimicamente o biofertilizante apresentou insuficiência de nitrogênio, evidenciada nas elevadas relações C:N iniciais e finais obtidas e carência de macronutrientes como fósforo cujos resultados ficaram abaixo de 1%, mínimo imposto pela legislação e potássio, elemento que não foi detectado na pelo equipamento utilizado. A qualidade sanitária do composto atendeu a legislação quanto a presença de ovos viáveis de helmintos, sendo que todos os ensaios apresentaram resultados inferiores a uma unidade/4g, porém apresentou resultados acima do limite estabelecido para coliformes termotolerantes. O teste de germinação confirmou a ausência da fitotoxidade dos produtos.
The increase in the generation of municipal solid waste, together with the inadequate forms of treatment and disposal contribute directly and significantly to the environmental problems. In this scenario, it is necessary to develop alternatives to other benefits in addition to the appropriate disposal. Anaerobic digestion is a viable alternative and economically interesting for the treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Whereas in our country the organic fraction is predominant in urban solid waste, corresponding to an average of over 40% in the composition, at the same time reducing the volume of waste sent to landfills, the process generates products such as biogas and biofertilizers for agricultural use. This research aimed to evaluate the treatability of the organic fraction of household waste from the preparation and after consumption of meals from a university restaurant in a reactor operated by batch and qualify the characteristics of the generated biofertilizers. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted in three phases, with the initial phase were held four batches were analyzed in which the proportions of the waste and inoculum for starting the reactor without acidification occurred. The second stage consisted of six batches, which were monitored in the main operating parameters and the third stage where we evaluated the chemical, physical and microbiological biofertilizer generated at the end of the second stage trials. The first step results indicated that the ratio of 6: 1 in terms of total volatile solids, and sludge from a UASB reactor and solid waste putrescible respectively, showed a suitable starting system without occur acidification to pH between 6.9 and 7.7. In the second stage, the monitoring of key operating parameters allowed during the experiment the proportion in terms STV be reduced, reaching 1: 1 inoculum and substrate respectively in the batch 10, thus allowing treatment of a larger quantity of waste compared to the initial test. The results showed that monitoring the pH was maintained within the range considered optimal between 6.0 and 8.0, but the period twenty-two days adopted as the retention time was insufficient to degradation and subsequent removal of matter organic, and only the batch 10 was effective in removing STV 8.1% and 33.5% total organic carbon. Physical analysis of biofertilizers generated at the end of each test pointed humidity above those permitted by law and is intended only for use via spraying. Chemically biofertilizer showed nitrogen deficiency, evidenced in the high ratios C: Initial N and obtained final and lack of nutrients such as phosphorus whose results were below 1% minimum required by the legislation and potassium, an element that was not detected in the equipment used. The sanitary quality of the compound met the legislation for the presence of viable helminth eggs, and all tests showed lower results to a unit / 4G, but showed results above the limit for fecal coliforms. The germination test confirmed the absence of phytotoxicity of products.
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Fukayama, Ellen Hatsumi [UNESP]. "Características quantitativas e qualitativas da cama de frango sob diferentes reutilizações: efeitos na produção de biogás e biofertilizante." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104913.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da reutilização de cama de quatro lotes de criações de frangos de corte sobre a produção de cama de frango, a produção de biogás e a utilização do biofertilizante para adubação de milho. No capítulo sobre produção de cama foram avaliados quatro reutilizações de cama de frangos de corte criados em um galpão comercial dividido em 12 boxes pertencente à Empresa Rei Frango em São Carlos - SP - Brasil. Para caracterização da produção de cama foi avaliado a quantidade de cama produzida na matéria seca (MS) e o coeficiente de resíduo (Cr), ou seja, a quantidade de resíduo por kg de peso vivo das aves. Na caracterização qualitativa, foram analisados os teores de macro, micronutrientes e metais na casca de amendoim e cama de frango. Com o acréscimo de casca de amendoim nova mais o aumento de excretas do lote anterior, houve aumento (P<0,05) na produção de cama (MS). Assim, o Cr aumentou de acordo com a reutilização da cama. Porém, quando se avalia o Cr acumulado, ou seja, a quantidade de resíduo por kg de peso vivo acumulado das aves dos lotes criados, não houve diferença (P>0,05). De forma geral, foi observado que, com a reutilização da cama houve aumento (P<0,05) na concentração de nutrientes na cama. Conclui-se que com a reutilização de cama é possível igualar ou diminuir os custos com a aquisição de nova cama, aumentar a quantidade de nutrientes na cama para ser utilizada como biofertilizante na agricultura e estabilizar ou diminuir o impacto ambiental com a produção de cama por ave produzida. No capítulo sobre biodigestão anaeróbia de cama de frangos, para cada lote de aves conduzidos foram realizadas duas avaliações de biodigestão anaeróbia, sendo 4 ensaios (camas de 1 a 4º reutilização) avaliados de 2 formas: as 4 camas foram avaliadas em diferentes épocas do ano e também avaliadas na mesma época...
The objective was to evaluate the effect of reuse of litter of four broiler breeding cycle on the broiler litter’ production, the biogas’ production and use of organic fertilizer for fertilization of maize. In the chapter on production of litter were evaluated four reuses of litter of broiler chickens reared in a commercial shed divided in 12 boxes belonging to Rei Frango Company in São Carlos - São Paulo - Brazil. To characterize the production of litter was assessed the amount of litter produced in dry matter (DM) and the coefficient of waste (CW), or the amount of waste per kg of live birds. In qualitative characteristics, were analyzed the levels of macro, micro and metals in the shell of peanuts and broiler litter. With the addition of new peanut shell, plus the increase of manure of the previous batch, there was an increase (P<0.05) in the production of litter (dry matter - DM). Thus, the increased CW according to the reuse of litter. But when assessing the cumulative CW, or the amount of waste per kilogram of body weight of accumulated lots of birds created, there was no difference (P>0.05). Overall, it was observed that with the reuse of the litter there was an increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of nutrients in litter. It follows that with the reuse of litter can be equal or lower cost for the purchase of new litter, increase the amount of nutrients in litter to be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and keep or reduce the environmental impact to the production of litter by produced per bird. In the chapter on anaerobic digester with litter of broiler, for each batch of birds conducted two evaluations were made of anaerobic digester, and 4 trials (litters from 1 to 4 reuse) evaluated in 2 ways: the 4 litters were evaluated at different times of the year and also evaluated in the same season, totaling 8 tests. 24 digesters were used in batch, distributed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Voegel, Célestine. "Impact BIochimique des effluents agricoles et agroindustriels sur les structures/ouvrages en BEtOn dans la filière de valorisation par Méthanisation (ou codigestion anaérobie)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0044/document.
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La digestion anaérobie est une succession d’étapes de dégradation de la matière organique, par l’intermédiaire de microorganismes, opérée industriellement dans des digesteurs en béton. Des métabolites microbiens (acides gras volatils (AGV), NH4+, CO2) produits au cours du processus de digestion attaquent la matrice cimentaire du béton. Afin d’assurer un développement pérenne de la filière de méthanisation, il est donc nécessaire de comprendre d’abord tous ces phénomènes d’altération pour ensuite proposer des solutions durables pour les matériaux de construction des digesteurs. Les objectifs de la thèse visaient à identifier et quantifier les agents agressifs pour le béton présents dans les milieux de la méthanisation, puis à comprendre leurs rôles dans les mécanismes d’altération des matrices cimentaires. Enfin, l’action de ces milieux a pu être comparée sur un panel de matériaux cimentaires réalisées à partir de différents liants : ciment Portland ordinaire, ciment de haut-fourneau, ciment d’aluminate de calcium et liant alcali activé. Dans des digesteurs de laboratoire, les concentrations maximales des agents chimiques agressifs mesurées pendant la digestion anaérobie d’un biodéchet modèle étaient de 3000 mg.L-1 d’AGV, de 800 mg.L-1 de NH4+, et de 140 mg.L-1 de CO2 dissous. La prolifération de microorganismes capables de métaboliser ces composés chimiques agressifs a été observée à la surface des matériaux cimentaires exposés dans le biodéchet au cours de sa digestion. La zone dégradée des matériaux cimentaires exposés est partiellement décalcifiée, vraisemblablement du fait de l’action des AGV et de l’ammonium NH4+, et carbonatée en raison de la présence de CO2 dissous. Des essais in situ, c’est à dire en conditions réelles, réalisées sur une plateforme expérimentale de méthanisation, ont permis de confirmer les phénomènes d’altération observés en laboratoire. En termes de durabilité, le ciment alumineux présente la meilleure résistance face aux attaques biochimiques lorsqu’on le compare au ciment ordinaire ou aux ciments composés de laitier de haut-fourneau au sein de systèmes de méthanisation en laboratoire ou in situAnaerobic digestion consists in the degradation of organic matter by the successive actions of microorganisms, industrially operated in digesters made of concrete. Microbial metabolites (volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH4+, CO2) produced during this process attack the cementitious matrix of the concrete. To ensure the development of this new industrial field, it appears essential to understand first the alteration phenomena, then to propose durable solutions for digesters’ construction materials. The thesis’ objectives were first to identify and to quantify the aggressive agents for concrete in anaerobic digestion media, then to understand their impacts on the cementitious materials’ alteration mechanisms. Finally, the impacts of those media were compared on different cement pastes made of : ordinary Portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, calcium aluminate cement or alkali activated materials. During laboratory tests, the maximal concentration in aggressive agents measured during the digestion of a synthetic biowaste were 3 000 mg.L-1 of VFA, 800 mg.L-1 of NH4+, and 140 mg.L-1 of dissolved CO2. The colonization of the microorganisms able to produce the aggressive agents has been observed on the cementitious materials’ surfaces exposed to the biowaste during digestion. The external degraded layers of the exposed cementitious materials are partially decalcified, most likely regarding to the action of the VFA and the NH4+. Carbonation has also been detected caused by the dissolved CO2. In situ experiments, in real conditions, achieved in an experimental anaerobic digestion platform, confirmed the alteration phenomena distinguished in the laboratory tests. In terms of durability, calcium aluminate cement present the best performances against the biochemical attacks compared to ordinary cement or blast furnace slag cement in laboratory or in situ anaerobic digestion systems
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Rieradevall, Joan. "Contaminació ramadera en zones rurals. Tractament anaerobi en purins de porc en digestors convencionals, i en planta pilot digestor-fossa a temperatura ambient." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3261.
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This work covers a study on livestock contamination in a rural municipality, the technological adaptation of the conventional anaerobic reactors for treating pig manure on farms for use on an industrial scales, and the preliminary experiences of a pilot digester pit at low temperature.The first phase of the study consisted of a global analysis a rural municipality dedicated preliminary to agricultural and livestock activities and having a typical production of waste matter. This study covered the population, the physical environment, the activities and the issue of livestock waste matter along with its impact on the environment.
Quantification and characterization of the livestock waste matter were affected as well as how its was being handled from storage to disposal.
Management and treatment actions for livestock waste matter have been proposed with a view to minimizing its impact on the environmental in rural areas.
Where livestock waste treatment are concerned, a study was carried out on the general features of the anaerobic digestion facilities in Catalonia (Spain), later making a follow up on four of them where pig manure is treated on an industrial scale.
The problems involved in the function of these facilities were studied, observing gas escapes from those under study plus degradation of the gasometers, obstructions in the pipes, the use of inadequate equipment and the inhibition of digestion.
The degree of purification at these facilities was assessed, with its being equal or inferior to fifty percent.
In the final stage of this study, research undertaken on anaerobic digestion at low temperature.
A study was made of the design and engineering of the pilot digester pit in terms cost, control of construction, the mechanisms to be installed, civil works, installation of gas and electricity and means of scientific control.
The start up of the digester pit was been assessed by applying a conventional inoculators, later observing the feasibility of this process.
Additional energy and thermographic studies of the facility were also made. A lower consumption of electricity than in conventional facilities was observed, as well as the fact of there being no thermal bridges in the digester pit.
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Pons, Laurent. "Troubles moteurs digestifs associés à une inflammation expérimentale du tractus digestif chez le rat. Rôle du PAF, des radicaux libres et des prostanoi͏̈des." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30146.
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Ce travail se proposait de decrire les troubles moteurs digestifs enregistres lors d'inflammations experimentales de l'intestin grele ou du colon chez le rat vigile, mais aussi d'en elucider les mecanismes par l'utilisation d'antagonistes ou d'inhibiteurs de la synthese endogene de divers mediateurs inflammatoires. Les phenomenes moteurs digestifs ont ete apprehendes par electromyographie a l'aide d'electrodes intraparietales implantees a demeure le long du tractus digestif ou par mesure de transit utilisant un marqueur radioactif. Dans une premiere serie d'experimentations, nous avons pu mettre en evidence la participation du paf dans les alterations du profil moteur intestinal observees apres l'administration d'endotoxines d'escherichia coli. Les effets des endotoxines seraient par ailleurs lies a une liberation de radicaux libres et de prostaglandines, eux-memes impliques dans les effets dependants du paf. La deuxieme partie de ce travail revele que le paf et les endotoxines d'escherichia coli presentent des effets similaires au niveau du colon: ils stimulent la motricite, accelerent le transit et augmentent l'humidite des feces. Les effets des endotoxines sur la motricite et le transit coliques sont en partie medies par le paf, mais aussi par les prostaglandines, alors que les effets secretoires tant des endotoxines comme ceux du paf dependraient d'une liberation de prostaglandines, et plus particulierement de prostaglandines de type e#2. La derniere partie de notre travail concerne les effets d'une inflammation du colon induite par l'administration d'acide trinitrobenzene sulfonique (tnb) et montre l'implication du leucotriene d#4 dans la genese des troubles precoces du transit colique. L'ensemble de ces resultats montre l'apparition de troubles moteurs digestifs associes a une inflammation et indique que ces manifestations sont la resultante d'une cascade d'evenements faisant intervenir differents mediateurs produits simultanement ou de facon successive
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Jansson, Johan. "Digester modelling for diagnostics and control." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7547.
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This thesis will show the possibility for the development and use of an on-line model for application to continuous digesters for pulp production. The model is developed by using a program called Dymola (Dynamic Modeling Laboratory). What makes the Dymola software so well suited is that the program solves equations simultaneously. The model is a further development from the Purdue model [Bhartiya et al, 2003]. The main difference between this model and the Purdue model however, is the dynamics in the model. The dynamics are very important when you use the model for control purposes because the cooking process has long dead and retention times. The main purpose of this model is to use it for the advanced control of continuous digesters as well as giving the operators a better understanding of what happens in the cooking process when changes are made. The model will also be used for diagnostic purposes. Advanced control in this case is Model Predicted Control (MPC). The MPC will control the quality of the pulp “kappa” number and the chemical consumption during digestion. This thesis describes the model and results are shown for applications of on-line diagnosis in three pulp mills in South Africa. Real time process data from the pulp mills is fed into the model and a simulation is performed. Thereafter, the results from the simulation are compared to the actual measured data for a number of key variables. By comparing the simulation results to the real process data and following the trends of the deviations between the two, different types of faults and upsets can be detected in both the process and sensors.KKS project:Use of physical models combined with statistical models for improved digester control
Books on the topic "Digestes"
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Goudsmit, J. E. The Pandects: A treatise on the Roman law and upon its connection with modern legislation. Clark, N.J: Lawbook Exchange, 2005.
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Justinian. IUSTINIANI AUGUSTI DIGESTA, SEU PANDECTAE: IMPERATORIAUS JUSTINIANO DIGESTAI, arba PANDEKTOS. Vilnius: VĮ Registrų centras, 2010.
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Wasden, F. Del. Supreme Court rulings in education: A compendium. Provo, Utah: F. Del Wasden, 1987.
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Davies, Robertson. Dickens Digested. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1990.
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Villamediana, Luis Moreno. Cantares digestos. Mérida, Venezuela: Ediciones MUCUGLIFO, Dirección de Cultura del Edo. Mérida, 1995.
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Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales., ed. Accountants' digests. [London: ICAEW, 1987.
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Justinian. Iustiniani Augusti Digesta, seu Pandectae =: Digesti o pandette dell'imperatore Giustiniano : testo e traduzione. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 2005.
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Justinian. Iustiniani Augusti Digesta, seu Pandectae =: Digesti o pandette dell'imperatore Giustiniano : testo e traduzione. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 2005.
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Justinian. Iustiniani Augusti Digesta, seu Pandectae =: Digesti o pandette dell'imperatore Giustiniano : testo e traduzione. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 2005.
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Hugo, Gustav. Lehrbuch der Digesten. Goldbach: Keip, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Digestes"
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Gooch, Jan W. "Digester." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 220. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3662.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Sludge Digester." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 924. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14817.
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Hughes, Gerrie, and Liz Hammond. "Digestif." In Food and Mental Health, 157–64. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003172161-10.
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Ashraf, R. J., Jonathan D. Nixon, and J. Brusey. "Multi-objective Optimisation of a Wastewater Anaerobic Digestion System." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 265–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_25.
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AbstractThis paper looks at multi-objective optimisation of a wastewater AD system where the model is demonstrated for a case study plant. Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was used to predict biogas yields from the digester. Interviews, with plant owners, and plant data were used to identify the objective functions and decision variables. The decision variables were defined to be the substrate feeding rate for each of the digesters and the ratio of biogas sent between a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and a biogas upgrading unit (BUU). The objectives set were to maximise the overall substrate feeding rate through the AD plant, maximise the overall energy output and minimise the running cost of the plant. Results from the optimisation study showed that the amount of sludge processed through the AD plant increased by 17.7% and the running cost of the plant reduced by 6.2%. These results demonstrate how performance of AD plants can be significantly improved by multi-objective optimisation techniques.
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Deng, Liangwei, Yi Liu, and Wenguo Wang. "Rural Household Digesters." In Biogas Technology, 31–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4940-3_2.
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Solomons, Mark, and Fran Abrams. "The digested read." In What Makes Teachers Unhappy, and What Can You Do About It? Building a Culture of Staff Wellbeing, 222–38. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315766-25.
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Lasseter, Benjamin F. "DNA Restriction Digests." In Biochemistry in the Lab, 169–78. Names: Lasseter, Benjamin F., author. Title: Biochemistry in the lab : a manual for undergraduates / by Benjamin F. Lasseter. Description: Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429491269-17.
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Lichtenstein, Daniel A. "Tube digestif." In L’échographie corps entier chez le patient critique, 41–50. Paris: Springer Paris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0227-5_6.
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Vincent, Jean-Louis. "Problèmes digestifs." In Le manuel de réanimation, soins intensifs et médecine d’urgence, 277–302. Paris: Springer Paris, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0487-3_11.
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Roger, J., and P. Saint-Léger. "Hémorragies digestives." In Références en réanimation. Collection de la SRLF, 45–47. Paris: Springer Paris, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0503-0_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Digestes"
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Clezardin, P., and J. L. McGregor. "STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL COMPARISON OF THROMBOSPONDIN FROM PLATELETS, ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND FIBROBLASTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643819.
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Thrombospondin (TBSP) is a 450 kDa glycoprotein secreted by a wide range of cells including platelets, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Using non-denaturating conditions, we recently reported that platelet TBSP was structurally different from endothelial and fibroblast TBSP (P. Clezardin et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 1986, 159, 569-579). The aim of this study was to compare the structure of TBSP purified from platelets, endothelial cells and fibroblasts using denaturating conditions. Moreover, the interaction of fibrinogen with these three forms of TBSP was also investigated. TBSPs were first purified by heparin-Sepharose and immunoaffinity chromatography followed by Mono O anion-exchange chromatography on a FPLC system. Thermolysin digests of purified TBSPs were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and the subsequent electrophoresed proteolytic fragments identified by Coomassie and silver staining. The interaction of undigested and digested TBSPs with solid-phase adsorbed fibrinogen was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an anti-TBSP monoclonal antibody (P10). when using Coomassie staining, a 70 kDa proteolytic fragment of thermolysin-treated platelet TBSP was absent from the endothelial and fibroblast TBSP digests. Moreover, a 18 kDa fragment from thermolysin-treated endothelial and fibroblast TBSP was undetectable in the platelet TBSP digest when using silver staining on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The binding of undigested TBSPs to solid-phase adsorbed fibrinogen was different from that obtained with digested TBSPs. These results indicate that the observed structural differences might induce functional differences between platelet and the two other forms of TBSP.
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DAPKIENĖ, Midona, Laima ČESONIENĖ, and Tomas PILIPAUSKAS,. "COMPARISON OF OPERATION OF KAUNAS AND KLAIPĖDA WWTPS DIGESTERS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.042.
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The article provides comparison of operation of digesters for 2014, installed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of two Lithuanian cities Kaunas and Klaipėda. It was established that the temperature and decomposition degree of organic materials had impact on biogas discharge in digesters of both wastewater treatment plants. Increase of these technological parameters resulted in increase of biogas output. Actual output of biogas of Kaunas wastewater treatment plant digester was by 5.8 % less than theoretical output, in Klaipėda WWTP anaerobic reactor – by 4.2 %. After comparison of biogas discharge generated from 1 m3 of sludge in Kaunas and Klaipėda WWTPs it was established that the efficiency of Klaipėda WWTP digester exceeded the efficiency of Kaunas WWTP reactor by 7 %.
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Leonhardt, Eric C., Jamin F. Swazo, and Ryan F. Cruse. "Using Dairy Cow Derived Biomethane to Fuel the Viking 32 Hybrid Electric Vehicle." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41659.
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A high performance vehicle—Viking 32—designed and built at the Vehicle Research Institute has been powered with methane refined from a dairy cow anaerobic digester. A student and faculty led team designed and constructed two different refining processes to investigate the feasibility of developing a renewable energy source for transportation in Whatcom County. The paper discusses several key issues surrounding anaerobic digester produced biomethane: the quantity and significance of the energy produced, why transportation fuel is a viable alternative to electrical production in anaerobic digester projects, and the environmental benefits of the anaerobic digester. The design, construction and test results of the two different refining techniques are reviewed as well. The systems are considered for application beyond dairy cow anaerobic digesters. Finally, a renewable transportation concept is proposed for biomethane based transportation in Whatcom County.
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Zemke, Peter E., Byard D. Wood, and Christopher R. Rohleder. "Effect of Solids Removal From Dairy Manure Feedstock on Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digesters." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90235.
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Many modern anaerobic digesters in developed countries consist of a digestion process in which solids are reduced to biogas, followed by mechanical separation that removes the majority of the remaining solids from the effluent. Experience has shown that such systems are often plagued with plugging due to excessive solids in the digester influent. Moreover, the mechanical separation equipment is prematurely degraded due to the elevated temperatures and corrosive compounds in the digester effluent. Reversing the order of separation and digestion offers a proven method of eliminating these problems, but at the expense of lower biogas production. The work presented in this paper quantifies this difference in biogas production by comparing the biogas yields of dairy wastewater feedstocks with and without prior mechanical solids separation through a 0.75-mm screen. Laboratory-scale batch digesters were operated up to 40 days at 35–40 °C and monitored for mass of volatile solids consumed and biogas production. Although the initially separated influent contained only half as much volatile solids, the ultimate biogas yield was only 25% less than that obtained with non-separated influent, demonstrating some tradeoff between higher energy production and system reliability.
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Rodrigues-Filho, Jandyr de Almeida, Gilsilei dos Santos Aquino, and Adriano Henrique Ferrarez. "Produção de biogás e biofertilizante por Digestor Anaeróbico: proposta de uso de resíduos orgânicos." In I Simpósio de bolsistas da FIPERJ. Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FIPERJ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57068/simposio.fiperj.355.
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Os resíduos orgânicos oriundos das atividades humanas como a agropecuária e a agroindústria causam sérios danos ao meio ambiente. O manejo inadequado desses resíduos provoca a poluição do ar, a contaminação dos rios e lençóis de água superficiais que abastecem tanto o meio rural como o urbano acarretando desequilíbrios ecológicos, disseminação de patógenos e contaminação das águas potáveis com amônia, nitratos e outros elementos tóxicos. Uma alternativa para mitigação dos danos ambientais é a digestão anaeróbica com o aproveitamento dos resíduos para a produção de biogás e de biofertilizante, contribuindo para a diversificação da matriz energética e para a produção de alimentos. A digestão anaeróbica é um processo fermentativo em que matéria orgânica complexa é degradada a compostos mais simples. A degradação ocorre por meio da ação de diversos grupos de microrganismos que interagem simultaneamente. Os efluentes dos sistemas de cultivo de tilápias e as carcaças e vísceras dos peixes oriundas do processamento do pescado são fontes de matéria orgânica para a produção de biogás para o atendimento da demanda de energia térmica das propriedades rurais. Um dos entraves para a popularização da tecnologia da digestão anaeróbica e o uso do biogás e biofertilizante é o custo para aquisição, operação e manutenção de digestores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um protótipo de digestor anaeróbico e avaliar a produção do biogás e biofertilizante como alternativas energéticas sustentáveis acessíveis para camponeses e agricultores familiares da região Noroeste Fluminense. Desta forma, foi construído na área experimental do Laboratório de Biogás e Energias Renováveis (LABER) do Instituto Federal Fluminense Campus Itaperuna, resultando no protótipo denominado Proposta de Uso de Resíduos agropecuários e orgânicos de forma Integrada (P.U.R.I.) que está sendo atualmente avaliado quanto a funcionalidade e viabilidade econômica de produção. A próxima etapa deste estudo é determinar o potencial de produção de biogás em escala laboratorial da água do decantador do sistema de criação de tilápias em recirculação e de carcaças e vísceras de peixes. Ao término deste trabalho espera-se a realização de dias de campo para apresentação do digestor anaeróbico P.U.R.I. para a comunidade em geral com o objetivo de disseminar a tecnologia na região.
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Palacios, Ronald N., Steven S. Fan, Hansong Lee, and Michael A. Soto. "From Grease to Gas: Anaerobic Digestion of Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) at the Hyperion Treatment Plant." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54108.
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Anaerobic digestion of high-strength organic wastes, such as Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) has become increasingly popular among wastewater treatment facilities in Southern California [1]. In 2010, the City of Los Angeles’ Hyperion Treatment Plant started running its own FOG Digestion Pilot Project. The project injects processed grease trap wastewater (FOG) into one of 16 anaerobic digesters at the facility. A partnership was formed between the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) and Baker Commodities, Inc., a Grease rendering company located in the City of Vernon. They provide processed grease trap wastewater (FOG) to the pilot project. The plan was to load the digester with increasing amounts of FOG and observe the impact. The parameters monitored in the digester during the test are volatile acids, pH, alkalinity, temperature, and gas production in the digester. The pilot project’s objective was to obtain a 10 to 20% increase in gas production. So far those expectations have been exceeded.
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Chavero, Jorge, Duff Harrold, and Timothy Marbach. "Equilibrium and Kinetics Analysis of NOx Reduction From Biogas Combustion." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55313.
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The undeveloped potential generation capacity of landfills, wastewater digesters and food digesters is estimated at 600 MW in California and 3,000 MW in the United States. California’s 2000 dairies have the potential to produce an estimated 40 million cubic feet of biogas per day, representing a potential generation capacity of about 140 MW. One of the most significant challenges facing the combustion of digester biogas is high NOx emissions. Sulfur in the biogas poisons post-combustion catalysts, rendering them ineffective for reducing NOx emissions. To address this challenge, an integrated pollution capture and microwave system has been developed to reduce NOx emissions from biogas engines. The feasibility of reburning the captured NOx was assessed and the effect of various operating parameters, including temperature, pressure, and reactant composition were determined using chemical equilibrium and kinetic modeling.
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Guo, Xiaolun, and Rashi Gupta. "Going the Extra Mile in Evaluating Digester Mixing Technologies for Existing Digesters." In Residuals and Biosolids Conference 2024. Water Environment Federation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718825159461.
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Teshima, G., R. Harris, R. Keck, A. Meunier, J. Burnier, and B. Keyt. "CHARACTERIZATION OF LIMITED PROTEOLYTIC DIGESTS OF TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644375.
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Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a single chain glycoprotein of 527 amino acids consisting of structural domains homologous to other plasma proteins ("finger","epidermal growth factor", "kringles" and "protease"). Unlike zymogens of other serine proteases, tPA in the single chain form (1-527), has amidolytic and fibrinolytic activity. However, the amidolytic activity is enhanced when tPA is cleaved by plasmin at the Arg275-Ile276 bond to yield the disulfide bonded two chain form. We used trypsin to study the structure and function of tPA by limited digestion. Aliquots of tPA (1 mg/ml) were digested at pH 7 with varying amounts of trypsin (1:10,000, 1:1000, 1:100 and 1:10; enzyme to substrate ratio). The dilute solutions of trypsin (1:10,000) were effective at completely converting one chain tPA to the two chain form, but little additional proteolysis was observed on SDS-PAGE. The proteolytic fragments of tPA were isolated by reduction and carboxymethylation (RCM), SDS gel electrophoresis and reversed phase HPLC. The RCM polypeptides were identified by amino acid composition and sequence. Specific antisera were prepared against peptide antigens of tPA including (1-27), (1-275), (276-527) and (502525). Immunoblotting experiments with the tryptic digests of tPA indicated that the region (1-275) is more susceptible to proteolytic attack than the protease (275-527). Specific cleavage sites were identified at positions 7, 10, 27 and 40. Partially digested tPA preparations were tested for enzymatic activity as determined by hydrolysis of the peptide substrate S-2288 or by clot lysis. Limited proteolysis at the amino terminus was correlated with significant loss of fibrinolytic . activity but minimal effect on the amidolytic activity. Increased tryptic digestion resulted in complete loss of amidolytic activity and significant reduction in antigenic activity as determined by polyclonal anti-tPA ELISA. These results areconsistent with the amino terminal "finger" domain being in part responsible for the fibrin-binding specificity of tPA. Limited tryptic digest of tPA, cleaves first at Arg-275, then subsequently cleaves the "finger" with associated loss of fibrinolytic activity.
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Brito, Andrey, Francisco Brasileiro, and Walfredo Cirne. "Fast Adaptable Uniform Consensus Using Global State Digests." In Workshop de Testes e Tolerância a Falhas. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wtf.2005.23373.
Full textAbstract:
Protocols that solve the consensus problem have been widely recognized as important building blocks for the design of reliable distributed systems. This fact explains why considerable amount of work has been devoted both to establish the minimal system requirements that allow a solution to the problem, as well as to provide efficient protocols to solve it. We propose the use of global state digests to design efficient and adaptable consensus protocols. A global state digest is a bounded and consistent summarized representation of the local states of all processes that run the protocol. By frequently providing processes with new global state digests, it is possible to allow processes to terminate the protocol soon after the minimal condition necessary to solve the problem holds, whatever are the contention levels experienced by the system. We present the design of a family of fast adaptable consensus protocols using this abstraction. Further, a global state digest provider can be implemented whenever the same assumptions required to implement perfect failure detectors hold (basically the ability to convey a bounded amount of information within a bounded interval of time).
Reports on the topic "Digestes"
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Mogul, J., and A. Van. Instance Digests in HTTP. RFC Editor, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3230.
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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.
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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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Adolph, Eng Dirk, and Dipl Eng Thomas Saure. DIGESTER GAS - FUEL CELL - PROJECT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/794363.
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Nakayama, Yoshio, Nobuyuki Kusama, and Katsuya Wada. FCPP application to utilize anaerobic digester gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460328.
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Bryan, A. Additional Hash Algorithms for HTTP Instance Digests. RFC Editor, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5843.
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Williams, P. A., and G. W. Day. Technical digest :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1024.
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Drapela, T. J., and P. A. Williams. Technical digest :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1055.
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Williams, P. A., P. A. Williams, and G. W. Day. Technical digest :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.988.
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Polli, R., and L. Pardue. Digest Fields. RFC Editor, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9530.
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Lusk, P., P. Wheeler, and C. Rivard. Deploying anaerobic digesters: Current status and future possibilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/481517.
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