Academic literature on the topic 'Digesta passage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Digesta passage"
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Lanyon, JM, and H. Marsh. "Digesta Passage Times in the Dugong." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 2 (1995): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950119.
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The retention times of particulate digesta were measured in two captive dugongs, Dugong dugon (Muller 1776) using inert plastic markers. The mouth-to-anus retention times (146-166 h) were similar to those of the West Indian manatee, and much longer than those of most other herbivorous mammals. This slow gut passage rate may be explained by the dugong's long digestive tract, the low fibre level of the diet and the low food intake. Like the manatee, the dugong appears to have a digestive strategy that is atypical of hindgut fermenters: low-fibre material is retained for extended periods within the long hindgut and almost completely digested.
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Hooda, Seema, Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli, Thavaratnam Vasanthan, and Ruurd T. Zijlstra. "Effects of viscosity and fermentability of dietary fibre on nutrient digestibility and digesta characteristics in ileal-cannulated grower pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 5 (May 4, 2011): 664–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511000985.
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Relative contributions of two functional properties, viscosity and fermentability of dietary fibre, on apparent ileal digestibility (AID), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), digesta passage rate, N retention and SCFA concentration have not been established. Thus, eight ileal-cannulated pigs randomised in a double 4 × 4 Latin square were fed four diets based on maize starch and casein supplemented with 5 % of actual fibre in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: low-fermentable, low-viscous cellulose (CEL); low-fermentable, high-viscous carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); high-fermentable, low-viscous oat β-glucan (LBG); high-fermentable, high-viscous oat β-glucan (HBG). Viscosity and fermentability interacted to affect (P < 0·001) digesta viscosity and AID and ATTD of nutrients. These properties tended to interact to affect (P < 0·10) digesta passage rate and butyrate. Pigs fed the CMC diet had the lowest (P < 0·05) digesta passage rate and the highest (P < 0·001) AID of energy, crude protein and DM, and ATTD of energy and DM. Post-ileal DM digestibility was highest (P < 0·001) for pigs fed the CEL and HBG diets. Post-ileal DM digestibility had a negative, curvilinear relationship with the AID of energy and crude protein (R2 0·85 and 0·72, respectively; P < 0·001). Digesta viscosity had a less strong relationship with the AID of energy and crude protein (R2 0·45 and 0·36, respectively; P < 0·001). In conclusion, high-viscous, low-fermentable dietary fibre increases the proportion of a diet that is digested in the small intestine by reducing digesta passage rate.
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Schop, Marijke, Alfons J. M. Jansman, Sonja de Vries, and Walter J. J. Gerrits. "Increasing intake of dietary soluble nutrients affects digesta passage rate in the stomach of growing pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 5 (January 30, 2019): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518003756.
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AbstractThe passage rate of solids and liquids through the gastrointestinal tract differs. Increased dietary nutrient solubility causes nutrients to shift from the solid to the liquid digesta fraction and potentially affect digesta passage kinetics. We quantified: (1) the effect of three levels of dietary nutrient solubility (8, 19 and 31 % of soluble protein and sucrose in the diet) at high feed intake level (S) and (2) the effect of lowv.high feed intake level (F), on digesta passage kinetics in forty male growing pigs. The mean retention time (MRT) of solids and liquids in the stomach and small intestine was assessed using TiO2and Cr-EDTA, respectively. In addition, physicochemical properties of digesta were evaluated. Overall, solids were retained longer than liquids in the stomach (2·0 h,P<0·0001) and stomach+small intestine (1·6 h,P<0·001). When S increased, MRT in stomach decreased by 1·3 h for solids (P=0·01) and 0·7 h for liquids (P=0·002) but only at the highest level of S. When F increased using low-soluble nutrients, MRT in stomach increased by 0·8 h for solids (P=0·041) and 0·7 h for liquids (P=0·0001). Dietary treatments did not affect water-binding capacity and viscosity of digesta. In the stomach of growing pigs, dietary nutrient solubility affects digesta MRT in a non-linear manner, while feed intake level increases digesta MRT depending on dietary nutrient solubility. Results can be used to improve predictions on the kinetics of nutrient passage and thereby of nutrient digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Stanogias, George, and G. R. Pearcet. "The digestion of fibre by pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 53, no. 3 (May 1985): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850061.
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1. The effects of the amount and the type of dietary fibre on the apparent digestibility (AD) by growing pigs of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and NDF components, on nitrogen balance and on the rate of passage of digesta were studied using a semi-purified basal diet and fibre in the forms of soya-bean hulls, lupin (Lupinus sp.) hulls, pea (Pisum sativum) hulls, wheat bran, maize hulls, maize cobs, oat hulls and lucerne (Medicago sativa) stems.2. Both the amount and the type of dietary fibre significantly influenced the AD of dietary dry matter, N and energy. The AD of NDF and of NDF components was markedly affected by the type and the amount of fibre in the diet. The proportion of NDF digested ranged from 0.016 to 0.905, of cellulose from 0.026 to 0.931 and of hemicellulose from 0.010 to 0.999.3. N retention by the pigs ranged from 12.9 to 25.8 g/d and with some fibres there was a tendency towards increased N retention with increasing intakes of NDF.4. Rate of passage of digesta, expressed as the 50 and 95% excretion times of stained feed particles, ranged from 22.2 to 85.1 h and 40.0 to 117.1 h respectively. Large individual variations in rate of passage occurred but, in general, the rate of passage tended to increase with increasing intakes of NDF. No strong associations between the rate of passage of digesta and apparent digestibility of NDF components were observed.5. The results suggest that the extent of fibre digestibility depends predominantly on the origin of the fibre and to a lesser extent on the amount of fibre in the diet.
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Okine, E. K., G. W. Mathison, M. Kaske, J. J. Kennelly, and R. J. Christopherson. "Current understanding of the role of the reticulum and reticulo-omasal orifice in the control of digesta passage from the ruminoreticulum of sheep and cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-021.
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Simultaneous abolition of the motility of the ruminoreticulum (RR) and digesta passage from the RR by bilateral vagotomy indicate that the motility of the RR coordinated with quiescence of the reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO) are prerequisite for caudal movement of digesta from the RR and forestomach. Rate of passage is of importance in ruminant animals since it is related to maximal voluntary feed intake, extent of digestion of the diet, amount of protein which bypasses the rumen, efficiency of microbial growth, extent of methane loss, and susceptibility of animals to bloat. In a series of studies, we clarified the roles of frequency, pressure and duration of reticular contractions and the function of the ROO in controlling digesta flow from the rumen in response to changes in diets, environmental conditions and physiological status. Variability in amount of NDF and OM transferred per contraction suggests that frequency of reticular contraction is not the rate-limiting step in digesta passage from the rumen. This concept is supported by our finding that the relaxation of the ROO is not always coincidental with reticular electromyographic activity in solid meal-fed relative to milk fed sheep. The magnitude of reticular pressure may not precisely control digesta passage through the ROO as the amount of OM and NDF associated with each centimetre of pressure during contraction varies from 1.2 to 1.4 and from 0.9 to 2.5 g. On the other hand, the amount of OM and NDF passed per second of reticulum contraction varies only from 0.3 to 0.6 and from 0.2 to 0.3 g, respectively, in cattle. In addition, a 38% decrease in mean retention time of particulate matter in the rumen was associated with a 14% increase in duration of reticular contraction in cattle. Similarly, quiescence of the ROO increased from 2.9 to 3.3 s in sheep when feed intake increased from maintenance to twice maintenance. We suggest that duration of reticular contractions may be more closely related to digesta flow than is either frequency or pressure changes. We also suggest that the ruminant animal can influence reticular contraction characteristics and duration of the quiescence of the ROO in response to various stimuli and that reticular contractions are coordinated with other diet and physiological demands for optimal transfer efficiency of digesta from the RR. Key words: Digesta passage, reticular contractions, reticulo-omasal orifice, electromyographic activity
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NDLOVU, L. R., and J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH. "ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: EFFECT OF RUMINAL OR POSTRUMINAL SUPPLY OF PROTEIN ON INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, DIGESTA, PASSAGE AND LIVEWEIGHT CHANGES." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 1075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-113.
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In trial 1, nine wethers (18 mo old; 50 kg liveweight) fitted with tubes inserted into the abomasum, were assigned to three 3 × 3 Latin squares to determine effects of supplementing a basal diet of ground corncobs with either alfalfa (30% of dry matter intake) or soy protein (60 g d−1 infused postruminally). In each period, following determination of effect of supplementation on intake, digestibility and digesta passage were determined, the latter by pulse dosing with chromium mordanted cell walls from cobs through the feed. Total dry matter intakes were increased (P < 0.05) from 780 g d−1 to 1143 g d−1 by the supplements with a corresponding improvement in liveweight gain, but there was no difference between supplements. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter and cell wall were decreased (P < 0.05) by alfalfa supplementation but not by soy protein infusion; however, intakes of digestible energy were identical for both supplements. Relative to the basal diet, alfalfa increased digesta passage but not rumen fill whereas infusion of soy protein increased digesta fill in the rumen but not digesta passage. In trial 2, addition of soy protein directly to the basal diet resulted in an intake similar to alfalfa supplementation (1154 vs. 1262 g dry matter d−1 respectively). Fecal output, estimated using a single compartment model to describe digesta passage through the tract, yielded results similar to those obtained by total collection. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), abomasal infusion, chromium-mordanted cell walls, fecal output estimation
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Silva, Vinicius Pimentel, Fernando Queiroz de Almeida, Róbson Ricardo Moreira Pimentel, Fernanda Nascimento de Godoi, Tiago Marques dos Santos, and Marcus Sandes Pires. "Passage kinetics of digesta in horses fed with coastcross hay ground to different degrees." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 38, no. 5 (October 2014): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542014000500010.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics, physicochemical characteristics and particle size of digesta in the right ventral colon (RVC) of horses fed coastcross hay ground to different degrees. Four horses fitted with cannulae in the RVC were used and were fed the following forms of hay: long, chopped, ground to 5 mm and ground to 3 mm. A Latin Square 4x4 study design was used. Each experimental period included 10 days for diet adaptation, four days for feces collection and one day for digesta collection. The kinetics of the particulate and solute phases of digesta were evaluated based on the mean retention time (MRT), passage rate (k) and transit time (TT) using two external markers: Cr-NDF and Co-EDTA. The TT of solid phase digesta was 3 hours longer (P<0.05) for ground hay than with the other physical forms of hay. There was no difference (P>0.05) in k or MRT in either the liquid or solid phase of digesta as a function of the different degrees of hay grinding. However, the liquid phase of digesta presented a higher k than the solid phase, with values of 3.28 and 2.73 h-1 being obtained, respectively. The smallest particle size and the lowest neutral detergent fiber contents in colon digesta were observed when hay ground to 3 mm was offered, leading to values of 0.51 mm and 53.46%, respectively. Grinding the hay increased the transit time of the liquid phase in the digestive tract of the horses, whereas no change in the kinetics of the solid phase digesta was observed. The grinding of hay reduced the NDF and the average particle size in the right ventral colon.
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Renecker, L. A., and R. J. Hudson. "Digestive kinetics of moose (Alces alces), wapiti (Cervus elaphus) and cattle." Animal Science 50, no. 1 (February 1990): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100004463.
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ABSTRACTIntake, rumen digesta pool sizes, ruminal digestion rates, passage rates of liquid and particle pools and faecal particle-size distrubutions of grass, browse and lucerne diets were compared in ruminally fistulated moose, wapiti and cattle. For each diet, ruminal digestion rates (nylon bag technique) were similar for the three ruminants. Intakes, rumen digesta pool sizes and passage rates varied among species and higher rates were associated with passage of larger faecal particles. However, it was not possible to simply rank the three ruminants as representative grazers (cattle), browsers (moose) and mixed feeders (wapiti) since intakes, passage rates and rumen pool sizes interacted with diet and season. Contrary to expectation, digestible dry matter intakes of each species were not greatest for their respective typical diets.
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Mir, P. S., T. A. McAllister, D. J. Gibb, and E. K. Okine. "Dietary oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids for ruminants: Post-ruminal digesta characteristics and their implications on production." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-056.
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Maximizing the production of ruminants requires high intakes of feeds that are energy dense, therefore feeds that are usually high in starch. Under these conditions there can be significant passage of partially digested feed starch and fibre to the small intestine. These digesta components interact in a manner that can diminish post-ruminal digestion and absorption. However, in ruminants, the effects of digesta composition on causing physical constraints to digestion and absorption, via increased digesta viscosity have not been given adequate consideration. While elevation of digesta viscosity as a means of reducing rate of nutrient absorption and re-absorption of compounds detrimental to health is a valid approach in humans, digesta viscosity may reduce the production potential of livestock. Thus, there is merit in reviewing the feeding strategies that lead to increased viscosity and how its mitigation can be managed through inclusion of oil in ruminant diets. The interactions between digesta composition and the resultant viscosity with digestive physiology and production factors are examined. This review also highlights the associated benefits of dietary oil for ruminants, such as enhancement of bio-active lipids in ruminant products, health benefits directly to the animal, through decreasing incidence of liver abscesses and effects on production and possibly on the environment (reduction of enteropathogenic bacterial shedding and methane emissions). Key words: Ruminant, starch, digesta characteristics, viscosity, cholecystokinin
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Afzalzadeh, A., F. D. DeB Hovell, and D. J. Kyle. "Role of the omasum in the control of digesta flow from the reticulo-rumen." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1997 (1997): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595684.
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Functions suggested for the omasum include: Water, VFA and electrolyte absorption, (Engelhardt and Hauffe 1975), and physically aiding digesta flow (Stevens et al, 1960). Moir (1984) suggested absorption of VFA and buffer would reduce the abomasal HCl secretion necessary to reduce digesta pH. Therefore it seemed to us that the omasum might also control the reticulo-omasal orifice and regulate digesta flow. The objective of the work reported here was to test whether the stimuli of osmotic pressure (OP) or VFA to the omasum would affect the passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Digesta passage"
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Gindri, Marcelo. "Digesta passage rate in Saanen goats : a meta-analytic approach /." Jaboticabal, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192760.
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Orientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida TeixeiraResumo: A taxa de passagem da digesta (kp) em ruminantes é a passagem fracionada da digesta por hora, isto é /h. A kp é um processo complexo e dinâmico e afeta a digestão dos alimentos e o impacto ambiental da produção animal. Neste estudo, objetivamos compreender os fatores relacionados à kp em todo o trato gastrointestinal (TGI) de caprinos em crescimento e caprinos alimentados com níveis de alimentação e propor equações para prever kp de partículas e solutos no reticulo-rúmen. Para isso, utilizamos um banco de dados de dois estudos com caprinos Saanen, que foi dividido em dois bancos de dados diferentes: o banco de dados Crescimento foi composto por registros individuais de machos castrados (n = 36), fêmeas (n = 34) e machos intactos (n = 33) alimentados ad libitum e abatidos aos 15, 22, 30, 37 e 45 kg de peso corporal (PC); e, o banco de dados níveis de alimentação foi composto por registros individuais de machos castrados (n = 38), fêmeas (n = 33) e machos intactos (n = 36) alimentados ad libitum, 75 ou 50% ad libitum durante 109 ± 10 dias . Nossos resultados demonstraram que a taxa de passagem da digesta tem respostas diferentes, quando avaliada em cabras em crescimento ou cabras alimentadas com níveis de alimentação a longo prazo. O kp de partículas no reticulo-rúmen não foi afetado pelo crescimento animal ou pelo nível de alimentação. No entanto, o kp de partículas no reticulo-rúmen e o kp de partículas e solutos no intestino grosso demonstraram ser positivamente relacionados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The digesta passage rate (kp) in ruminants is a fractional passage of digesta per hour, i.e. /h. The kp is a very complex and dynamic process and affects feed digestion and the environmental impact of livestock. In this study, we aimed to understand the factors related to kp in the whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of growing goats and goats fed with feeding levels and propose equations for predicting kp of particles and solutes in reticulorumen. For that, we used a database from two studies with Saanen goats that was split into two different databases: database Growth was composed by individual records of castrated males (n = 36), females (n = 34), and intact males (n = 33) fed ad libitum and slaughtered at 15, 22, 30, 37, and 45 kg body weight (BW); and, database Feeding Levels was composed by individual records of castrated males (n = 38), females (n = 33), and intact males (n = 36) fed ad libitum, 75 or 50% of ad libitum over 109 ± 10 days. Our results demonstrated digesta passage rate had different responses whether evaluated in growing goats or goats fed with feeding levels over long-term. Reticulorumen kp of particles was not affected by growth or feeding level. However, reticulorumen kp of particles and large intestines kp of particles and solutes were positively related among them in growing goats. Reticulorumen kp of solutes decreased with aging followed by increasing on reticulorumen capacity and reducing on dry matter (DM) intake level and chewing investment (che... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Linton, Jennifer Anne Voelker. "Effects of dietary forage characteristics on digesta passage rate in dairy cows." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Herron, Fiona Michelle. "A study of digesta passage in rabbits and ringtail possums using markers and models." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/483.
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The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), a member of the family Pseudocheiridae, is an arboreal folivorous marsupial that feeds predominantly on Eucalyptus foliage. Contrary to the expectation that small body size would inhibit utilisation of a diet containing such high levels of lignified fibre because of relatively low gut volume to body mass ratios and relatively high mass-specific metabolic rates and nutrient requirements (Hume 1999), the ringtail possum is able to survive solely on a diet of Eucalyptus foliage. The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a terrestrial herbivore and is a member of the family Leporidae that feeds predominantly on grasses. The rabbit was proposed as a digesta flow model for the ringtail possum since both are caecotrophic (periodically re-ingest caecal contents) and both are proposed to exhibit a colonic separation mechanism (CSM) where fluids and small, easily digested particles are preferentially returned to the caecum. The rabbit is of value for the modelling process since it is more accessible for experimental manipulation than the ringtail possum. This study investigated a proposal to use digesta passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the rabbit as a model of digesta passage for the ringtail possum on the basis that both are caecotrophic caecum fermenters. A number of potential problems were identified with this proposal and investigation of these problems formed the basis for the research described in this thesis. Two main areas were identified as being potentially problematic: 1) fundamental flaws with the particulate markers used in digesta rate of passage studies; and 2) differences in animal behaviour and natural diet between the two subject species which suggested different digestive strategies and hence different patterns of digesta flow through the GIT. The proposed digesta passage markers were lanthanide metals (Dy, Tm, Eu and Yb) attached to either fibrous particles (1200 - 600�m) or formalin-fixed rumen bacteria (20 � 0.2�m). These markers were shown to not be of the assumed size classes and the extent of lanthanide metal binding differed between the four metals used. An effect due to method of dosing was also observed. The findings of marker inconsistencies caused major limitation to model development and further research is necessary to clarify these markers. The proposal to use digesta flow in the rabbit GIT as a model for digesta flow in the ringtail possum was shown to be idealistic due to the differences in anatomy and behaviour observed between the two herbivores. Laboratory observations, time series analysis and compartmental modelling confirmed the differences between the animals. This study showed: 1) the GIT of the rabbit was more complex both anatomically and functionally than that of the ringtail possum; 2) behaviour affecting digesta passage of the rabbit and ringtail were different and; 3) compartmental models confirmed the anatomical and behavioural findings. Digesta passage in the rabbit could not be modelled mathematically using data on digesta passage due to complexities of the system. In contrast, a basic model was constructed for digesta passage in the ringtail possum. On the basis of these findings, the research hypothesis "that digesta passage in rabbits is similar to that in ringtail possums" was rejected.
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Herron, Fiona Michelle. "A study of digesta passage in rabbits and ringtail possums using markers and models." University of Sydney. Biology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/483.
Full textAbstract:
The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), a member of the family Pseudocheiridae, is an arboreal folivorous marsupial that feeds predominantly on Eucalyptus foliage. Contrary to the expectation that small body size would inhibit utilisation of a diet containing such high levels of lignified fibre because of relatively low gut volume to body mass ratios and relatively high mass-specific metabolic rates and nutrient requirements (Hume 1999), the ringtail possum is able to survive solely on a diet of Eucalyptus foliage. The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a terrestrial herbivore and is a member of the family Leporidae that feeds predominantly on grasses. The rabbit was proposed as a digesta flow model for the ringtail possum since both are caecotrophic (periodically re-ingest caecal contents) and both are proposed to exhibit a colonic separation mechanism (CSM) where fluids and small, easily digested particles are preferentially returned to the caecum. The rabbit is of value for the modelling process since it is more accessible for experimental manipulation than the ringtail possum. This study investigated a proposal to use digesta passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the rabbit as a model of digesta passage for the ringtail possum on the basis that both are caecotrophic caecum fermenters. A number of potential problems were identified with this proposal and investigation of these problems formed the basis for the research described in this thesis. Two main areas were identified as being potentially problematic: 1) fundamental flaws with the particulate markers used in digesta rate of passage studies; and 2) differences in animal behaviour and natural diet between the two subject species which suggested different digestive strategies and hence different patterns of digesta flow through the GIT. The proposed digesta passage markers were lanthanide metals (Dy, Tm, Eu and Yb) attached to either fibrous particles (1200 - 600�m) or formalin-fixed rumen bacteria (20 � 0.2�m). These markers were shown to not be of the assumed size classes and the extent of lanthanide metal binding differed between the four metals used. An effect due to method of dosing was also observed. The findings of marker inconsistencies caused major limitation to model development and further research is necessary to clarify these markers. The proposal to use digesta flow in the rabbit GIT as a model for digesta flow in the ringtail possum was shown to be idealistic due to the differences in anatomy and behaviour observed between the two herbivores. Laboratory observations, time series analysis and compartmental modelling confirmed the differences between the animals. This study showed: 1) the GIT of the rabbit was more complex both anatomically and functionally than that of the ringtail possum; 2) behaviour affecting digesta passage of the rabbit and ringtail were different and; 3) compartmental models confirmed the anatomical and behavioural findings. Digesta passage in the rabbit could not be modelled mathematically using data on digesta passage due to complexities of the system. In contrast, a basic model was constructed for digesta passage in the ringtail possum. On the basis of these findings, the research hypothesis "that digesta passage in rabbits is similar to that in ringtail possums" was rejected.
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Lickel, Laura Evelyn. "Intake, apparent digestibility, and digesta passage in leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis) fed a complete, extruded feed." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/480.
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The influence of feeding juvenile female leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis, n=18) a commercially available, complete, extruded feed three (3) or seven days (7) per week on dry matter and digestible energy intake, apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy and fiber fractions, animal body weight and measurements, digesta transit time, rate of passage, and indigestible fill was evaluated. Both feeding frequencies are commonly practiced with captive tortoises. When fed 7 compared to 3 days per week, dry matter and digestible energy intake was greater. Tortoises gained more g BW, but not when adjusted per kg initial BW. When fed 7 compared to 3 days per week, tortoises grew more in plastron width (PW) and carapace height (CH), but not midline straight carapace length (MSCL), and grew more in calculated shell volume (i.e., a calculated estimate of shell volume using MSCL, PW, and CH), with a higher calculated body condition index (BCI). Providing short fasts (i.e., feeding 3 compared to 7 days per week) may be useful in slowing tortoise growth when animals are provided food ad libitum. In general, ad libitum feeding, especially of a highly digestible extruded feed, is not recommended for captive juvenile G. pardalis, especially when offered food daily. With two data points (detected as outliers) removed due to low fecal output (and resulting unrealistically high apparent digestibility of all nutrients analyzed) of two animals when fed 3 days per week, apparent digestibility of cellulose in tortoises fed 7 (n=18) compared to 3 (n=16) days per week was lower, but no differences were detected in DM, OM, GE, or any other fiber fractions analyzed. Transit time (TT1) was shorter and indigestible fill was higher in tortoises (n=18) fed 7 compared to 3 days per week, regardless of percent Cr marker recovered. With four animals removed due to <50% Cr marker recovery, tortoises fed 7 compared to 3 days per week exhibited shorter mean retention time (RGIT), with no differences in digesta transit or indigestible fill. Longer digesta retention when food availability included short periods of fasting may have allowed tortoises to extract more energy from cellulose.
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Magadlela, Andrew Mtutuzeli. "An evaluation of n-alkanes as markers to estimate dry matter intake, diet selection and solid digesta passage rates in ruminants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28523.
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Study 1 (exp 1, 2, and 3) assessed the use of alkanes for estimating diet composition and intake in lambs. In exp 1, 36 lambs at 30% and 45% of projected mature sizes were used in a factorial design with 2 breeds (Suffolk and Scottish Blackface), two sexes (male and female) and three feed treatments [pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) or pelleted ryegrass (Lolium spp) alone or both as a choice] to compare alkane-derived estimates of dry matter intake (DMI) and selected diet with direct measurements. In exp 2, to assess diurnal variation in n-alkane concentration in the gut, 6 restricted and 6 ad libitum fed lambs at 45% mature size were used in a split-plot design to compare the ratios of the amount of dotriacontane (C32) to tritriacontane (C33) in the faeces collected at 4 hourly intervals over a 24 hour period. In exp 3, to evaluate the efficacy of dosing once-daily (cf. twice-daily) with C32, 6 once-daily and 6 twice-daily dosed lambs were used in a split-plot design to compare faecal alkane ratios of C33 to C32. Exp 1 suggested general agreement between measured quantities and those estimated using the alkane technique However, at 30% mature size, for the lambs fed on grass only, dry matter intake was slightly overestimated and for those fed on lucerne and grass as a choice, dry matter intake of lucerne was underestimated. Exp 2 indicated that the ratio of the concentration of C33:C32 in the faeces was not affected by sampling time and thus no diurnal variation irrespective of whether the lambs were restricted or ad libitum fed. Experiment 3 suggested no difference in the ratios of the concentrations of C33:C32 between the two dosing strategies until the fifth day of dosing. Study II used the alkane pair of C36 and C35 to compare the voluntary dry matter intake of Brachiaria decumbens by 8 dry cows, averaging 301 kg liveweight and 8 lactating Criollo cows averaging 320 kg liveweight during the wet season and 8 lactating cows averaging 300 kg liveweight and 7 dry cows, averaging 289 kg liveweight during the dry season of Bolivia. Results suggested that this alkane pair can be used to estimate the dry matter of intake of tropical forages, but if the concentrations of C35 are very low the accuracy of the estimate may be compromised.
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Al, Kindi Amal [Verfasser]. "Influence of quebracho tannin extract and activated charcoal on nutrient intake and digestibility, digesta passage, nitrogen balance, and quality of faecal excreta in goats / Amal Al Kindi." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1073893243/34.
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Ribeiro, Rodrigo Corn?lio de Oliveira. "Digestibilidade ruminal obtida com digesta omasal, perfil de degrada??o obtido por esvaziamento ruminal e estimativa da fra??o digest?vel da fibra em detergente neutro de volumosos para bovinos." UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/402.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Instituto Nacional de Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Ci?ncia Animal (INCT-CA)
Um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar o consumo, a digestibilidade total e as taxas de digest?o (kd) e de passagem (kp) ruminal dos nutrientes de dietas constitu?das exclusivamente por volumosos. Avaliaram-se tamb?m algumas equa??es para predizer a digestibilidade da fibra destes alimentos para bovinos de corte. Foram utilizados cinco bovinos mesti?os Holand?s x Zebu, machos n?o castrados, fistulados no r?men, com peso corporal (PC) m?dio inicial de 458,5 ? 32,5 kg, distribu?dos em delineamento experimental em quadrado latino 5 x 5 balanceado para efeito residual. O experimento foi constitu?do de cinco per?odos experimentais, com dura??o de dezesseis dias cada um, sendo sete dias destinados ? adapta??o dos animais ?s dietas e os outros nove para a realiza??o das coletas. As dietas experimentais foram constitu?das de cinco volumosos, sendo utilizadas as silagens de milho (SM, Zea mays, L.), de capim-elefante (SCE, Pennisetum purpureum Schum) e de capim-braqui?ria (SCB, Brachiaria decumbens), a cana-de-a??car in natura (CA, Saccharum officinarum L.) e o feno de capim-tifton 85 (TF85, Cynodon spp.). Utilizou-se a mistura de ureia/sulfato de am?nio na propor??o de 9:1 para manter as dietas isoproteicas (11% de PB). Os dados foram analisados utilizando o procedimento MIXED do SAS (vers?o 9.1), utilizando-se o teste de Tukey e 0,05 como n?vel cr?tico de probabilidade para o erro tipo I. O consumo de mat?ria seca (CMS) foi maior (P<0,05) para os animais alimentados com SM quando comparado aos animais que receberam CA. Maiores (P<0,05) valores para o consumo de FDNcp foram observados para os animais alimentados com SM, SCB, SCE e FT85. N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, MO, PB e CNF entre os volumosos avaliados. A digestibilidade da FDNcp foi maior (P<0,05) para os animais alimentados com SCB, SCE e FT85 em rela??o aos alimentados com CA. Maior (P<0,05) valor para o coeficiente de digestibilidade ruminal (CDR) da FDNcp foi observado para os animais que receberam SCB, SCE e FT85 em rela??o aos que consumiram CA. N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) para o Pool (kg/dia) e para a kp (h-1) da FDNcp entre os diferentes volumosos avaliados. A efici?ncia microbiana (g/kg NDT) foi maior (P<0,05) para os animais alimentados com SCB (147,08 g/kg NDT). Houve intera??o (P<0,05) entre os efeitos de tratamento e tempo de mensura??o do pH ruminal. Os valores de pH no l?quido ruminal apresentaram comportamento quadr?tico em fun??o do tempo e os valores m?ximos de 6,72; 7,10; 7,06 e 6,92 foram estimados nos tempos de 9,45; 10,99; 11,13 e 12,00 horas ap?s a alimenta??o para as dietas contendo SM, SCB, SCE, e FT85, respectivamente. Os valores de pH para CA apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente em fun??o do tempo. Conclui-se que o uso exclusivo de volumosos tropicais nas dietas de bovinos, com exce??o da cana-de-a??car in natura, proporcionam consumo e digestibilidades dos nutrientes satisfat?rios, visto que dietas com 11% de PB atendem as exig?ncias m?nimas de compostos nitrogenados para os microrganismos ruminais maximizarem a digest?o da fibra em detergente neutro.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.
ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to estimate the nutrient intake, total digestibility, ruminal digestion (kd) and passage (kp) rates of nutrient from diets containing only forages. Equations to predict the fiber digestibility of feed for beef cattle were also evaluated. There had been used five crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers, fistulated in rumen, with body weight (BW) ranging 458.5 ? 32.5 kg, distributed in Latin square experimental design 5 x 5 balanced for residual effects. The experiment consisted of five experimental periods, lasting sixteen days each, being seven days for adaptation animals to the diets and the other nine to perform the collection. The experimental diets were composed of five forages, being maize silage - SM (Zea mays, L.), elephant grass - SCE (Pennisetum purpureum Schum); Brachiaria grass silage - SCB (Brachiariadecumbens); the sugar cane in natura - CA (Saccharum officinarum L.); and Tifton hay 85 - FT85 (Cynodon spp.). A mixture of urea/ammonium sulfate was used in a 9:1 ratio to maintain diets isonitrogenated (11% CP). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.1), using the Tukey test and 0.05 as the critical level of probability for Type I error. The dry matter intake (CMS) was higher (P <0.05) for animals fed with SM when compared to animals receiving CA. Higher (P <0.05) values for the FDNcp intake were observed for animals fed with SM, SCB, SCE and FT85. There was no difference (P> 0.05) for apparent digestibility coefficients of MS, MO, PB and CNF among forages evaluated. The digestibility of FDNcp was higher (P <0.05) for animals fed with SCB, SCE and FT85 than those fed with CA. Greater (P <0.05) value for ruminal digestibility (CDR) of FDNcp was observed for animals receiving SCB, SCE and FT85 compared to those fed CA. No differences were observed (P> 0.05) for Pool (kg/day) and kp (h-1) from FDNcp among the different forage evaluated. The microbial efficiency (g/kg NDT) was higher (P <0.05) in animals fed with SCB (147.08g/kg NDT). There was an interaction (P <0.05) between the effects of treatment and time of measurement of ruminal pH. The pH of the rumen fluid showed a quadratic function of time and the maximum values of 6.72, 7.10, 7.06 and 6.92 being estimated at the times of 9.45, 10.99, 11.13 and 12.00 hours after feeding for the diets containing SM, SCB, SCE, and FT85, respectively. The pH values for CA linearly decreased in function of time. We conclude that the exclusive use of tropical forages in the diets of cattle, with the exception of sugar cane in natura, provide a satisfactory intake of digestible nutrients, whereas diets with 11% CP meet the minimum requirements for nitrogen compounds for ruminal microorganisms maximize the digestion of neutral detergent fiber.
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Rivera, Astrid Rivera [UNESP]. "Estudo da taxa de passagem de cabras em gestação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104073.
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rivera_ar_dr_jabo.pdf: 387270 bytes, checksum: 3259bdff37d857577baed98527c8e44d (MD5)O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a taxa de passagem em cabras leiteiras gestantes. O mesmo foi dividido em dois experimentos usando cabras multíparas, não lactantes, gestantes. O primeiro estudo foi realizado em 36 cabras, multíparas, com peso médio de 50,6 ± 7,7 kg, distribuídas nos tratamentos de acordo com a raça (Saanen e Alpina); tipo de prenhez (simples e gemelar) e período de gestação (80, 110 e 140 dias). O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado e teve como objetivo estimar a taxa de passagem de cabras leiteiras durante a gestação. O segundo estudo foi realizado em 49 cabras multíparas, não lactantes, com gestação gemelar e peso médio de 49.0 kg ± 8.9, distribuídas nos tratamentos de acordo com o período de prenhez (80,110,140 dias), tipo de restrição alimentar (sem restrição, moderada e severa), e raça (Saanen e Alpina). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados e o objetivo foi estimar a taxa de passagem em cabras leiteiras submetidas a resrição alimentar ao longo da prenhez. Para a estimativa da taxa de passagem foram fornecidos indicadores externos (itérbio para fase sólida e Cr-EDTA para fase líquida) e foi usada a metodologia do esvaziamento do trato digestório em animais abatidos para a coleta das amostras e foi mensurada a quantidade de gordura e o peso sorporal previo ao abate. A digestibilidade da MS e da MO aumenta em cabras com gestação gemelar no primeiro terço da prenhez e decresce ao final da gestação. Cabras com gestação simples apresentam maior digestibilidade da MS e do FDN na fase final da prenhez. Cabras leiterias gestantes não alteram a taxa de passagem dos sólidos no rúmen durante a prenhez. Cabras Saanen apresentaram maior taxa de diluição ruminal. A taxa de passagem dos sólidos em cabras gestantes submetidas a restrição alimentar varia entre 0.03 a 0.10/h...
The objective of this study was to estimate passage rate in pregnancy goats. It was divided in three studies using goats multiparous, no milking, pregnancy. The first study was in 36 goats multiparous and mean weight was 50,6 kg ± 7,7 distributed in the treatments according breed (Saanen and Oberhasli), gestational age (80, 110, 140 days) and type of pregnancy (simples or twin). Design experimental was completely randomized and the objective was to estimate passage rate in milking goats during the pregnancy. The second study was in 49 goats multiparous, no milking, with twin pregnancy and mean weight 49.0 kg ± 8.9, distributed in the treatments according breed (Saanen and Oberhasli), gestational age (80, 110, 140 days) and nutritional restriction (no restriction, moderate and severe). Design experimental was in blocks randomized and the objective was to estimate passage rate in milking goats with nutritional restriction during pregnancy. For both studies were given orally external markers (ytterbium for solid phase and Cr- EDTA for liquid phase). Slaughter method was used and evacuation for sample collecting from gastro-intestinal tract and quantity of fat was measured. Digestibility assay was performed and the DMI was daily measured. Milking pregnancy goats not change ruminal passage rate during the pregnancy. DM, and organic matter increased in early pregnancy in twin pregnancy goats and decreased in late gestation. Simple pregnancy goats increased DM and NDF digestibility in late gestation. Pregnancy milking goats not changed passage rate of particles in the rumen. Saanen goats showed greater ruminal dilution rate. Passage rate in nutritional restriction goats range was 0,03 to 0,10 /h. Oberhasli breed with moderate restriction increased ruminal passage rate of solid phase in the secondthird of gestation. Passage rate alteration in pregnancy goats is associated to breed, nutritional level and gestational age
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Rivera, Astrid Rivera. "Estudo da taxa de passagem de cabras em gestação /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104073.
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Orientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina Almeida TeixeiraCoorientador: Telma Teresinha Berchielli
Banca: Ricardo Andrade Reis
Banca: Gustavo Rezende Siqueira
Banca: Alexandre Vaz Pires
Banca: Simone Gisele de Oliveira
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a taxa de passagem em cabras leiteiras gestantes. O mesmo foi dividido em dois experimentos usando cabras multíparas, não lactantes, gestantes. O primeiro estudo foi realizado em 36 cabras, multíparas, com peso médio de 50,6 ± 7,7 kg, distribuídas nos tratamentos de acordo com a raça (Saanen e Alpina); tipo de prenhez (simples e gemelar) e período de gestação (80, 110 e 140 dias). O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado e teve como objetivo estimar a taxa de passagem de cabras leiteiras durante a gestação. O segundo estudo foi realizado em 49 cabras multíparas, não lactantes, com gestação gemelar e peso médio de 49.0 kg ± 8.9, distribuídas nos tratamentos de acordo com o período de prenhez (80,110,140 dias), tipo de restrição alimentar (sem restrição, moderada e severa), e raça (Saanen e Alpina). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados e o objetivo foi estimar a taxa de passagem em cabras leiteiras submetidas a resrição alimentar ao longo da prenhez. Para a estimativa da taxa de passagem foram fornecidos indicadores externos (itérbio para fase sólida e Cr-EDTA para fase líquida) e foi usada a metodologia do esvaziamento do trato digestório em animais abatidos para a coleta das amostras e foi mensurada a quantidade de gordura e o peso sorporal previo ao abate. A digestibilidade da MS e da MO aumenta em cabras com gestação gemelar no primeiro terço da prenhez e decresce ao final da gestação. Cabras com gestação simples apresentam maior digestibilidade da MS e do FDN na fase final da prenhez. Cabras leiterias gestantes não alteram a taxa de passagem dos sólidos no rúmen durante a prenhez. Cabras Saanen apresentaram maior taxa de diluição ruminal. A taxa de passagem dos sólidos em cabras gestantes submetidas a restrição alimentar varia entre 0.03 a 0.10/h... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate passage rate in pregnancy goats. It was divided in three studies using goats multiparous, no milking, pregnancy. The first study was in 36 goats multiparous and mean weight was 50,6 kg ± 7,7 distributed in the treatments according breed (Saanen and Oberhasli), gestational age (80, 110, 140 days) and type of pregnancy (simples or twin). Design experimental was completely randomized and the objective was to estimate passage rate in milking goats during the pregnancy. The second study was in 49 goats multiparous, no milking, with twin pregnancy and mean weight 49.0 kg ± 8.9, distributed in the treatments according breed (Saanen and Oberhasli), gestational age (80, 110, 140 days) and nutritional restriction (no restriction, moderate and severe). Design experimental was in blocks randomized and the objective was to estimate passage rate in milking goats with nutritional restriction during pregnancy. For both studies were given orally external markers (ytterbium for solid phase and Cr- EDTA for liquid phase). Slaughter method was used and evacuation for sample collecting from gastro-intestinal tract and quantity of fat was measured. Digestibility assay was performed and the DMI was daily measured. Milking pregnancy goats not change ruminal passage rate during the pregnancy. DM, and organic matter increased in early pregnancy in twin pregnancy goats and decreased in late gestation. Simple pregnancy goats increased DM and NDF digestibility in late gestation. Pregnancy milking goats not changed passage rate of particles in the rumen. Saanen goats showed greater ruminal dilution rate. Passage rate in nutritional restriction goats range was 0,03 to 0,10 /h. Oberhasli breed with moderate restriction increased ruminal passage rate of solid phase in the secondthird of gestation. Passage rate alteration in pregnancy goats is associated to breed, nutritional level and gestational age
Doutor
Books on the topic "Digesta passage"
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Luick, Bret R. Digesta passage rates in the rat. 1990.
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Dugan, John. Netting the Wolf-Fish. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788201.003.0009.
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This chapter offers a close reading of a single oratorical fragment, a passage ascribed to the second-century BC orator C. Titius quoted by Macrobius (Sat. 3.16.15‒16). The chapter explores the range of contexts we can use as readers to try to make sense of the passage, suggesting that quotation practices can illuminate aspects of the quoted text we miss if we concentrate simply on the testimonia to Titius’ activity as an orator as traditionally understood. In this particular case, attention to Macrobius’ concern with luxury and consumption, and the emblematic wolf-fish, also points towards a more general understanding of the use of fragments in antiquity as material for the quoting author to digest and transform.
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Ibbetson, David. Obligatio in Roman Law and Society. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.43.
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Obligatio is defined in Justinian’s Institutes as a tie of law, a legal relationship between two persons whereby one is constrained by the other to do or refrain from doing something. It brings together relationships arising out of contract or delict, though the Digest shows it used more generally wherever a personal bond was created. Its roots lie in the verb ligare, to bind; but although Roman lawyers preferred the use of verbs over abstract nouns, here the noun form is almost as common as the verb. As a noun obligatio describes either the active or the passive aspect of the relationship or the relationship itself, allowing flexibility in legal thinking. Originally, obligatio may have been related to actio, so that only enforceable relationships were included within the word, but by classical law it applied to any relationship with legal consequences, whether or not the relationship was enforceable.
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Olivelle, Patrick, and Donald R. Davis, eds. The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.001.0001.
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The foundation of Hindu law is the voluminous textual tradition called Dharmaśāstra, the expert tradition on dharma. This book seeks to delineate the historical development of Dharmaśāstra, even though the tradition presented dharma as timeless and ahistorical. The volume establishes the importance of law for the history and study of Hinduism by providing interpretive descriptions of all the major topics of Hindu dharma according to this tradition. First, two broad introductions to the historical development of the textual sources of Hindu law suggest new ways to understand both the original texts (smṛti) and the later commentaries and digests. Next, groundbreaking research into the origin of the householder (gṛhastha), who is at the center of the Dharmaśāstric enterprise, provides new insights into both the origin of this genre and many of its topics, such as the āśrama system and married household life. The book devotes its central chapters to each of the major topics of Dharmaśāstra: epistemology of dharma, caste and social class, orders of life, rites of passage, Vedic student and graduate, marriage, children, inheritance, women, daily duties, food, gifting, funeral and ancestral offerings, impurity and purification, ascetic modes of life, dharma during emergencies, king, punishment, legal procedure, titles of law, penances, vows, pilgrimage, images, and temples. The final chapters then explore both the reception of Dharmaśāstra in other religious traditions, both Hindu and Buddhist, and the relevance of Dharmaśāstra to studies of critical concepts in religious studies—the body, emotions, material culture, subjectivity, animal studies, and vernacular culture.
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Nithikathkul, Choosak, Prasert Saichua, Louis Royal, and John H. Cross. Capillariosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0065.
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Capillaria species are members of the superfamily Trichinelloidae. These worms have a filamentous thin anterior end and a slightly thicker oesophagus which is surrounded by glandular cells or stichocytes. This oesophageal pattern is called stichosomal oesophagus. Capillaria species are parasites which are found in many vertebrate animals. More than two hundred species have been reported in several vertebrate species, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (Cross 1992; Chitwood et al. 1968), but only three species infect humans. These are Capillaria hepatica , C. aerophila and C. philippinensis (McCarthy and Moore 2000). Of these intestinal capillariosis, a fish-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by C. philippinensis , is the most important. Humans acquire the parasite, C. philippinensis, by eating uncooked or raw freshwater fish (Cross and Basaca-Sevilla 1991). The disease is endemic mainly in Philippines and Thailand where there are many reported fatalities.Although C . hepatica is found in rodents worldwide, only a few cases of hepatic capillariosis have been reported in humans from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. The infection is acquired by the ingestion of embryonated eggs from the soil. Female worms deposit eggs in the liver tissue and granulomas develop around the egg. The eggs are released after the rodent is eaten and the liver digested. Eggs pass in the faeces and are deposited in the soil where they embryonate. Avoidance of contaminated soil would prevent human infection and destruction of rodents would control animal infections.Only 12 cases of human infection caused by Capillaria aerophila have been reported, the majority from Russia. The parasite is found within tissue of the respiratory passages of canines and felines worldwide.Anatrichosoma cutaneum (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae), also included in this chapter, is primarily a subcutaneous parasite of monkeys, but there are two reports of cutaneous infections in humans resulting in serpiginous lesions in the skin of the soles, palms, and nasal passages. In addition there is a further suspected case isolated from a breast nodule and a possible case of mucosal lesions in the mouth reported. Whole monkey colonies can be infected with this parasite and control is difficult.
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Touber, Jetze. Spinoza and Biblical Philology in the Dutch Republic, 1660-1710. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805007.001.0001.
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This book investigates the biblical criticism of Spinoza from the perspective of the Dutch Reformed society in which the philosopher lived and worked. It focusses on philological investigation of the Bible: its words, its language, and the historical context in which it originated. The book charts contested issues of biblical philology in mainstream Dutch Calvinism, to determine whether Spinoza’s work on the Bible had any bearing on the Reformed understanding of the way society should engage with Scripture. Spinoza has received massive attention, both inside and outside academia. His unconventional interpretation of the Old Testament passages has been examined repeatedly over the decades. So has that of fellow ‘radicals’ (rationalists, radicals, deists, libertines, enthusiasts), against the backdrop of a society that is assumed to have been hostile, overwhelmed, static, and uniform. This book inverts this perspective and looks at how the Dutch Republic digested biblical philology and biblical criticism, including that of Spinoza. It takes into account the highly neglected area of the Reformed ministry and theology of the Dutch Golden Age. The result is that Dutch ecclesiastical history, up until now the preserve of the partisan scholarship of confessionalized church historians, is brought into dialogue with Early Modern intellectual currents. This book concludes that Spinoza, rather than simply pushing biblical scholarship in the direction of modernity, acted in an indirect way upon ongoing debates in Dutch society, shifting trends in those debates, but not always in the same direction, and not always equally profoundly, at all times, on all levels.
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Rushworth, John. Historical Collections Of Private Passages Of State, Weighty Matters In Law, Remarkable Proceedings In Five Parliaments: Beginning The Sixteenth Year ... King Charles, Anno 1629. Digested In Order Of. Arkose Press, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Digesta passage"
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Moyo, Mehluli, and Ignatius V. Nsahlai. "Rate of Passage of Digesta in Ruminants; Are Goats Different?" In Goat Science. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69745.
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"Index of passages." In Greek Readers' Digests?, 351–53. BRILL, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004330337_014.
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Armstrong, Rebecca. "Conclusions." In Vergil's Green Thoughts, 293–98. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199236688.003.0005.
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This section first offers a brief digest of some vegetative continuities and contrasts within Vergil’s oeuvre, offering links back to fuller discussions in the main body of the study in a way which helps to knit together the different themes of the earlier chapters. The section—and the book—then concludes with a close reading of the famous tree-felling vignette of Aeneid 6. This passage offers in microcosm a fine illustration of Vergil’s ability to combine self-conscious comment on his own status as a poet and his place within poetic traditions with reflections on both religion and cultivation, the two major themes of this book.
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Nasti, Fara. "Tradizione giurisprudenziale manoscritta dei Digesta e tabulae ceratae da Londinium: TLond. 55 e 57." In Altera pars laboris. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-374-8/011.
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The comparison between the texts of the Roman jurists (which we know in a fragmentary way thanks to Justinian’s Digesta) and the records of specific cases helps us to better understand some aspects of the formation of Roman law. In these pages, I discuss two tabulae ceratae found at Londinium and edited by Tomlin in 2016. Concerning TLond. 55 – already studied by Camodeca and Nasti in 2017 – a better comparison is offered between its formula of stipulatio, which appears in the text (curari... dari), and the one included in two passages by the Roman jurist Labeo (D. 12.1.42.1; D. 45.1.67.1). With regards to TLond. 57, I provide here a first tentative interpretation. The document seems to be related to the trial and to the procedural representation.
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Wibier, Matthijs. "Cicero’s Reception in the Juristic Tradition of the Early Empire." In Cicero's Law. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474408820.003.0007.
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This chapter surveys the reception of Cicero’s writings as well as of the figure of Cicero in the juristic literature excerpted in Justinian’s Digest. The analysis consists of three parts. The first traces the engagement on the part of several jurists with legal passages from Cicero’s oeuvre. On this basis, I argue that jurists mined Cicero’s works to some extent for useful material; this finding challenges the strict dichotomy between jurists and orators (including their prototype Cicero) posited in Cicero’s own work, reinforced by e.g. Quintilian, and often accepted by modern scholars. Secondly, the chapter studies how Pomponius’ history of jurisprudence assesses the role of Cicero in legal history. I demonstrate that Pomponius takes up and rewrites several passages from the Brutus that are highly polemical against the jurists, and that Pomponius’ narrative turns Cicero into a character largely irrelevant in intellectual terms. The chapter’s third part explores the issue of Cicero’s reception as a legal philosopher. As far as we can see, the jurists credit Labeo for his philosophical contributions to law at the complete expense of Cicero; there is some evidence to suggest that polemics are at play here.
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Katzenbeisser, Stefan, Huajian Liu, and Martin Steinebach. "Challenges and Solutions in Multimedia Document Authentication." In Handbook of Research on Computational Forensics, Digital Crime, and Investigation, 155–75. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-836-9.ch007.
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Multimedia document authentication allows the judging of the authenticity and integrity of digital documents. Today a variety of such tools exist which are constructed using different approaches, namely forensic methods, perceptual hashes and digital watermarks. Digital document forensics identifies the source of a document as well as its integrity by means of passive estimation. Perceptual hashing allows computing of short digests of documents; the hashes are insensitive against some signal processing operations and may serve as proof of integrity. Finally, authentication watermarking even allows gaining precise and reliable knowledge on the nature of modifications that a digital document underwent. In this chapter, we give an overview of the three complementary technologies, survey state-of-the-art methods and provide an analysis of their strength and weaknesses.
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Katzenbeisser, Stefan, Huajian Liu, and Martin Steinebach. "Challenges and Solutions in Multimedia Document Authentication." In Digital Rights Management, 1586–605. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2136-7.ch080.
Full textAbstract:
Multimedia document authentication allows the judging of the authenticity and integrity of digital documents. Today a variety of such tools exist which are constructed using different approaches, namely forensic methods, perceptual hashes and digital watermarks. Digital document forensics identifies the source of a document as well as its integrity by means of passive estimation. Perceptual hashing allows computing of short digests of documents; the hashes are insensitive against some signal processing operations and may serve as proof of integrity. Finally, authentication watermarking even allows gaining precise and reliable knowledge on the nature of modifications that a digital document underwent. In this chapter, we give an overview of the three complementary technologies, survey state-of-the-art methods and provide an analysis of their strength and weaknesses.
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MARETTI GONÇALVES, TIAGO. "UM LABORATÓRIO DE BIOLOGIA EM CASA: SIMULANDO A DIGESTÃO DE PROTEÍNAS A PARTIR DE MATERIAIS SIMPLES E DE BAIXO CUSTO." In Itinerários de resistência: pluralidade e laicidade no Ensino de Ciências e Biologia. Editora Realize, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/viii.enebio.2021.01.532.
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ATUALMENTE, O ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA PASSA POR DESAFIOS CADA VEZ MAIS IMPACTANTES, DESTA FORMA, O PROFESSOR NECESSITA BUSCAR NOVAS METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO COM O INTUITO DE CATIVAR OS ALUNOS PROMOVENDO O SUCESSO NA APRENDIZAGEM DE TÓPICOS TÃO EXTENSOS E COMPLEXOS. PARA FIXAR OS CONTEÚDOS MINISTRADOS EM AULAS TEÓRICAS DE BIOLOGIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO, E TORNAR O ENSINO MAIS PRAZEROSO POSSIBILITANDO ESCLARECER POSSÍVEIS DÚVIDAS DOS ALUNOS, É PROPOSTA UMA ATIVIDADE PRÁTICA COM O OBJETIVO DE SIMULAR OS PROCESSOS DIGESTIVOS DE DEGRADAÇÃO SOFRIDO PELAS PROTEÍNAS. NESTA AULA PRÁTICA, OS ALUNOS IRÃO COMPREENDER O MECANISMO DE AÇÃO DAS ENZIMAS BROMELINA, PAPAÍNA, SACHÊ DE ENZIMAS DIGESTIVAS E AMACIANTE DE CARNE NA DEGRADAÇÃO DA PROTEÍNA DE COLÁGENO EXISTENTE NA GELATINA EM PÓ. COMO ALTERNATIVA À GELATINA PODEMOS TAMBÉM UTILIZAR A CLARA DE OVO POR CONTER A PROTEÍNA ALBUMINA. PAUTADO NESTA AULA, OS ALUNOS PODERÃO CONECTAR OS CONCEITOS APRENDIDOS NA AULA TEÓRICA DE SISTEMA DIGESTÓRIO.
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Silva, Maria Clara Oliveira da, Tiago Sandes Costa, and Francisco Pereira da Silva Júnior. "Estimativa teórica de geração de biogás do futuro aterro sanitário da Microrregião das Chapadas do Alto Itapecuru – MA." In Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade: conceitos e aplicações, 94–103. Editora IME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/editoraime/108/63.
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Introdução: As fontes alternativas de energia apresentam-se como principal indutor da matriz energética mundial tendo como base principal os biocombustíveis provenientes da Biomassa. O biogás tem em sua composição o dióxido de carbono (CO2) e o gás metano (CH4). Resultante da decomposição da matéria orgânica, o estudo a ser desenvolvido visa avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de biodigestores para o aproveitamento energético do biogás produzido pela decomposição da matéria orgânica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, os quais contêm significativa parcela de matéria orgânica biodegradável que passam por um processo de digestão anaeróbica transformando lixo em energia limpa. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estimar a geração de biogás do aterro sanitário em municípios que compõem a microrregião do Alto Itapecuru. Material e métodos:O estudo será desenvolvido tendo como parâmetros a geração de resíduos nos municípios que compõe o Médio Sertão Maranhense tendo como procedimento metodológico, a aplicação do método do IPCC. Método esse, geralmente aplicado para projetar cenários de aterros que ainda não estão operando.Resultados:Em sua totalidade o metano gerado no aterro no período de 20 anos foi estimado em 3.514.372,58 m³ CH4, gerando em média 175.718,62 m³ CH4/ano. Conclusão:O estudo busca contribuir com cenários frente às discussões sobre a necessidade de se investir em energias alternativas que minimizem o estágio atual de emissões de gases estufa, bem como, mostrar o potencial energético que esse gás possui e a possibilidade de transformação do metano em energia útil, tornando o biogás um gás lucrativo e mitigando o problema da poluição.
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"through tubing and fittings made of PTFE. Analysis was undertaken by the Warren Spring Laboratory of the Department of Trade and Industry, according to the method described by Bailey and Bedbo rough The results are shown in Table IV. and plotted in Fig. 3. and 4. Table IV. Variation of odour strength of extracted samples with volune of eluted air Volume of air Strength of odour samples passing through (dilutions) sludge before sampling (1/1) Raw sludge Digested sludge 0 154 000 9 900 11.1 53 000 350 22.2 30 600 270 55.6 15 500 190 111 8 200 160 It is clear from these results that there is considerable die-off of odour strength with time, and that, as would be expected, the anaerobic digestion of sludge can reduce the odour potential by at least one order of magnitude. To illustrate the importance of this die-off effect, the results have been re-plotted in Fig. 5. in a cunulative form; that is to say as cumulative percentage of the eventual colour release against volume of air. In the case of the raw sewage sludge, 38% of the ultimate odour was carried in the first odour sample, and 90% of the odour had been extracted by the passage of about 200 1. In the case of the anaerobically digested sludge, the same effect is much more marked; 72% of the ultimate odour was carried by the first sample, and thereafter the strength of the odour fell off very rapidly. There are two possible explanations for this. First, it can be postulated that as it is known that many of the important odorous chemical species are highly volatile, they may be only physically trapped in the sludge, and need little encouragement to transfer to the atmosphere. An alternative explanation concerns the existence of two equilibria. As the vapour/liquid equilibrium is disturbed by the passage of air, the concentration of dissolved compounds in the liquid phase falls, disturbing the ’solid’/liquid equilibrium The kinetics of transfer across this latter phase boundary are much slower than for the liquid/vapour transfer, so that the extraction of odour becomes limited by the rate of diffusion into the liquid phase. Two observations may be cited as evidence for this latter view. First, when sludge is applied to land, there is a rapid tail-off of odour nuisance after spreading. Hie incidence of rain after a dry period is known to result in an increased evolution of odour. Second, in earlier experiments samples of sludge were centrifuged, and the supernatant liquor discarded and replaced by tap water, before being used in the standard odour potential test. Some re-extraction of odour from the samples was rapidly found. In practice, both postulated mechanisms are probably at work, especially if the concept of ’solid/liquid equilibrium’ be extended to." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 152. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-64.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Digesta passage"
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Zeinali-Davarani, Shahrokh, Ming-Jay Chow, Raphaël Turcotte, and Katherine Yanhang Zhang. "Constitutive Modeling of Biaxial Mechanical Response of Arteries Subjected to Gradual Elastin Degradation." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14318.
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The passive mechanical response of arteries is believed to be mainly dominated by elastin and collagen fibers. Many arterial diseases are accompanied by significant changes in quantity and as well as the microstructure of these constituents due to the mechanical and biological adaptive processes. In this study we focus on the biaxial tensile test data of elastase-treated porcine aortic tissues [1]. We study the mechanical behavior of aortic tissues under gradual elastin degradation through constitutive modeling and associate the mechanical response with the microstructure of collagen observed in the microscopic images of fresh and digested tissues.
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Yujiri, Larry. "Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging." In 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2006.249938.
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Beccari, C., A. Ferrero, and U. Pisani. "Time Domain Reflectometry Applied to MMIC Passive Component Modeling." In 33rd ARFTG Conference Digest. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg.1989.323935.
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Cavin, Mark, and Donald C. Malocha. "A Gigahertz Test Fixture for Two Port Passive Devices." In 37th ARFTG Conference Digest. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg.1991.324020.
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Arnaud, Caroline, Jean-Louis Carbonero, Jean-Michel Nebus, and Jean-Pierre Teyssier. "Comparison of Active and Passive Load-Pull Test Benches." In 57th ARFTG Conference Digest. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg.2001.327461.
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Chang-Hee Lee. "Passive optical networks for FTTx applications." In 2005 Optical Fiber Communications Conference Technical Digest. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2005.192792.
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Rosenberger, Bernhard. "The Measurement of Intermodulation Products on Passive Components and Transmissionlines." In 50th ARFTG Conference Digest. IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg.1997.327246.
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Jargon, Jeffrey A., Donald C. DeGroot, and Kristopher L. Reed. "NIST Passive Intermodulation Measurement Comparison for Wireless Base Station Equipment." In 52nd ARFTG Conference Digest. IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg.1998.327325.
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Jachowski, Douglas. "Cascadable Lossy Passive Biquad Bandstop Filter." In 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2006.249428.
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"Session F - Passive Components [breaker page]." In 1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.1986.1132129.
Full textReports on the topic "Digesta passage"
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Mens, A. J. W., A. J. M. Jansman, E. Willems, and M. M. van Krimpen. Improvement of protein digestibility by changing digesta passage kinetics in broilers. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/564419.
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