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Journal articles on the topic 'Diffusionism'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Jandric, Petar. "THE DIFFUSIONIST-EVOLUTIONIST MODEL OF E-LEARNING DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Baltic Science Education 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2012): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/12.11.67.

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This paper explores development of the discipline of e-learning. It develops the evolutionist model of e-learning development and compares it with the diffusionist model of e-learning development. Using transdisciplinary research methodology, it develops the diffusionist-evolutionist model of e-learning development. The diffusionist aspect of the model concentrates to practical issues such as introducing e-learning into educational institutions. The evolutionist aspect of the model concentrates to theoretical issues such as comparative studies of historical developments. On such basis, the diffusionist-evolutionist model provides a single practical framework for describing small-scale and large-scale e-learning development. Following methodological restrictions, the diffusionist-evolutionist model does not reflect any natural principle. As a research principle, it only aims at improving our current descriptions of e-learning development. Key words: diffusion of innovations, diffusionism, e-learning development, evolutionism, transdisciplinary research.

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2

Warburton, David. "Reviving Diffusionism." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 51, no. 2 (2008): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852008x307546.

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3

Xia, Jingfeng. "Diffusionism and open access." Journal of Documentation 68, no. 1 (January 13, 2012): 72–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00220411211200338.

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4

Blaut, J. M. "Diffusionism: A Uniformitarian Critique." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77, no. 1 (March 1987): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00143.x.

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5

Bradshaw, D. "Beneath The Waves: Diffusionism and Cultural Pessimism." Essays in Criticism 63, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 317–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/escrit/cgt016.

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6

Galván Tudela, Alberto. "Alcance y límites del concepto de transculturación en la historia del pensamiento antropológico." Atlántida Revista Canaria de Ciencias Sociales, no. 13 (2022): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.atlantid.2022.13.07.

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Without ignoring the current importance of the theoretical and ideological perspective of Ortician thought and its concept of transculturation, this article aims to highlight, in counterpoint, not only its conceptual evolution, but also its location and influence in the context of the development of anthropological thought. showing the paradigms and research strategies of the author (evolutionism, diffusionism, functionalism).

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7

Admink, Admink. "КОНЦЕПЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ СВІТОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ В ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ XVIII – ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛ. ХХ СТ." УКРАЇНСЬКА КУЛЬТУРА : МИНУЛЕ, СУЧАСНЕ, ШЛЯХИ РОЗВИТКУ (НАПРЯМ: КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЯ), no. 31 (March 15, 2020): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35619/ucpmk.vi31.212.

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Розглянуто головні концепції культурної еволюції людства, що виникли в XVIII – першій пол. ХХ ст. Виявлено, що розмаїття наукових напрямів, дотичних до цієї теми (еволюційний, циклічний, дифузійний, релятивістський та ін.) обумовлюється акцентуванням різних питань у її проблематиці. З’ясовано, головні ідеї вчених XVIII – першій пол. ХХ ст., що стали основою для подальшого розвитку теорій еволюції людства. Ключові слова: культурна еволюція людства, діалектико-матеріалістичне розуміння історії, еволюціонізм, циклізм, релятивізм, дифузіонізм, тоталогічне трактування всесвітньо-історичного процесу, монадологічна концепція. The article deals with main concepts of the cultural evolution of mankind that arose in the XVIII – the first half of XX centuries. Is revealedб that the variety of scientific areas (evolutionism, cyclism, diffusionism, relativism) related to this topic, is determined by the emphasizing of various the questions in this issues. It was found out what the main ideas of thinkers of the XVIII – first half of the twentieth century became the basis for the further development of the concepts of the world historical process. Key words: cultural evolution of mankind, dialectical-materialistic understanding of history, evolutionism, cyclism, diffusionism, relativism, totalological interpretation of the world-historical process, monadological concept.

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8

Del Mar, Maksymilian. "Legality as Relative Institutionalisation: MacCormick's Diffusionism and Transnational Legal Theory." Transnational Legal Theory 5, no. 2 (August 29, 2014): 177–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/20414005.5.2.177.

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9

Kennedy, Dane, and J. M. Blaut. "The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History." American Historical Review 101, no. 1 (February 1996): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169232.

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10

Mann, Steve. ""Reflectionism" and "Diffusionism": New Tactics for Deconstructing the Video Surveillance Superhighway." Leonardo 31, no. 2 (1998): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1576511.

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11

Hugill, Peter J., and J. M. Blaut. "The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History." Geographical Review 85, no. 2 (April 1995): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/216077.

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12

Mathewson, Kent, and James M. Blaut. "The Colonizer's Model of the World. Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History." Economic Geography 72, no. 4 (October 1996): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144529.

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13

Perinbam, B. Marie, and James M. Blaut. "The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History." African Studies Review 38, no. 2 (September 1995): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525336.

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14

Hahn, Hans Peter. "Diffusionism, Appropriation, and Globalization. Some Remarks on Current Debates in Anthropology." Anthropos 103, no. 1 (2008): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2008-1-191.

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15

Eaton, Richard M., and J. M. Blaut. "The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History." Contemporary Sociology 24, no. 3 (May 1995): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2076497.

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16

Korotayev and Kazankov. "Regions Based on Social Structure: A Reconsideration (Or Apologia for Diffusionism)." Current Anthropology 41, no. 4 (2000): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3596686.

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17

Vivekanandan, Jayashree. "Indianisation or indigenisation? Greater India and the politics of cultural diffusionism." Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 56, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2018.1411232.

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18

Korotayev, Andrey, and Alexander Kazankov. "Regions Based on Social Structure: A Reconsideration (or Apologia for Diffusionism)." Current Anthropology 41, no. 4 (August 2000): 668–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/317395.

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19

Jones, Terry L., and Kathryn A. Klar. "Diffusionism Reconsidered: Linguistic and Archaeological Evidence for Prehistoric Polynesian Contact with Southern California." American Antiquity 70, no. 3 (July 2005): 457–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035309.

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While the prevailing theoretical orthodoxy of North American archaeology overwhelmingly discourages consideration of transoceanic cultural diffusion, linguistic and archaeological evidence appear to indicate at least one instance of direct cultural contact between Polynesia and southern California during the prehistoric era. Three words used to refer to boats - including the distinctive sewn-plank canoe used by Chumashan and Gabrielino speakers of the southern California coast - are odd by the phonotactic and morphological standards of their languages and appear to correlate with Proto-Central Eastern Polynesian terms associated with woodworking and canoe construction. Chumashan and Gabrielino speakers seem to have borrowed this complex of words along with the sewn-plank construction technique itself sometime between ca. A.D. 400 and 800, at which time there is also evidence for punctuated adaptive change (e.g., increased exploitation of pelagic fish) and appearance of a Polynesian style two-piece bone fishhook in the Santa Barbara Channel. These developments were coeval with a period of major exploratory seafaring by the Polynesians that resulted in the discovery and settlement of Hawaii - the nearest Polynesian outpost to southern California. Archaeological and ethnographic information from the Pacific indicates that the Polynesians had the capabilities of navigation, boat construction, and sailing, as well as the cultural incentives to complete a one-way passage from Hawaii to the mainland of southern California. These findings suggest that diffusion and other forms of historical contingency still need to be considered in constructions of North American prehistory.

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20

Chuku, Gloria. "Jeremiah I. Dibua. Development and Diffusionism: Looking beyond Neopatrimonialism in Nigeria, 1962–1985." American Historical Review 119, no. 2 (April 2014): 654–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/119.2.654.

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21

Bayliss, Alex. "Rolling Out Revolution: Using Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology." Radiocarbon 51, no. 1 (2009): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200033750.

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Sixty years ago, the advent of radiocarbon dating rewrote archaeological chronologies around the world. Forty years ago, the advent of calibration signaled the death knell of the diffusionism that had been the mainstay of archaeological thought for a century. Since then, the revolution has continued, as the extent of calibration has been extended ever further back and as the range of material that can be dated has been expanded. Now a new revolution beckons, one that could allow archaeology to engage in historical debate and usher in an entirely new kind of (pre)history. This paper focuses on more than a decade of experience in utilizing Bayesian approaches routinely for the interpretation of14C dates in English archaeology, discussing both the practicalities of implementing these methods and their potential for changing archaeological thinking.

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22

Karthiga, K., C. Jothi, and D. Pandeeswari. "A Discourse of Cultural Diffusionism in the writing of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 2 (March 16, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n2p141.

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This paper exfoliates the diplomatic situation that takes place in the house of Eugene. In third world countries: India, Africa, and Srilanka, etc., terms like culture, tradition, and religion plays a major role in promoting a society. Most of the Africans have a staunch belief in religious practices. Many of the articles mainly focus on the dynamic female characters like Beatrice, Kambili, Ifemelu, Olanna in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s work. When assessing the religious practices. But this paper contracts with the ironic ideas of male characters about ‘religion’ in the novel Purple Hibiscus. A basic concept in every novel of Chimamanda is the role of religion and culture. In the novel, Half of Yellow Sun Odenigbo well-educated man bound himself in the name of religion and unable to rectify the fault. In African tradition, they believe that the supreme power of each tribe is their apical ancestor, who are considered foretellers. Then their way of prayer to God is based on the natural resources. During the colonization, the third world countries experience a different perspective of cultural beliefs and other social structures. This result in a drastic change in the continent in a way that left spaces for trans-culturalism cross-cultural studies, diaspora, etc.

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23

Mohanty, Rabindra Kumar. "Review: Jeremiah I Dibua, Development and Diffusionism: Looking beyond Neopatrimonialism in Nigeria, 1962–1985." International Sociology 30, no. 5 (September 2015): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580915598100a.

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24

Scarre, Chris. "EDITORIAL." Antiquity 91, no. 356 (April 2017): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.26.

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Almost exactly 50 years ago this month, at a conference held in Monaco, nuclear physicist Hans Suess unveiled the first calibration curve for radiocarbon dates. The crucial paper, ‘Bristlecone pine calibration of the radiocarbon time scale from 4100 B.C. to 1500 B.C.', pushed back conventional radiocarbon ages by several centuries and so ushered in the Second Radiocarbon Revolution, soon leading to a new interpretation of European prehistory that severed the long-held connections between Europe and the Near East. Hitherto, diffusionism had held centre stage, with maps full of arrows showing people and artefacts incessantly on the move. With radiocarbon calibration, independent regional development became the order of the day for explaining cultural change. Fifty years on, however, a range of promising new techniques have become available that seem to reinstate some of the earlier narratives.

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25

Narcis, Stéphane. "'Are you scared of being Muslim?' 100% Arabica and the influence of raï music in defining Beur communities in France." Performing Islam 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pi_00008_4.

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Abstract Raï music has evolved significantly over the last few decades, gaining an increasingly popular following in France. This music genre was prominently featured in Mahmoud Zammouri's film, 100% Arabica (1997). Previous analyses of raï music have suggested that this genre symbolizes Algerians' identity and their cultural tendency towards cynicism. This article attempts to refine that conclusion. Relationships between the characters of this film, the treatments of their gender roles and the depiction of their relationships to Islamic practices and cultural identity are all examined through the lens of anthropological diffusionism and social conflict. The results imply that when raï music is used as a Muslim cultural activity, this genre empowers and shapes identity among the Beur communities in France. However, the results also reveal how raï music facilitates cultural expression that can corrupt many of the core values held by Islam.

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26

McNiven, Ian J., and Lynette Russell. "‘Strange paintings’ and ‘mystery races’: Kimberley rockart, diffusionism and colonialist constructions of Australia's Aboriginal past." Antiquity 71, no. 274 (December 1997): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00085744.

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Amongst the most striking and the most handsome of ancient Australian relics are the Bradshaw paintings of the Kimberley, in the remote northwest of the continent, uncertainly dated but seemingly most ancient. According to one published view, the Bradshaws are not so much ‘early Aboriginal’ as ‘pre-Aboriginal’. Issue is taken with that notion, in light of European attitudes to Aboriginal accomplishment over the last two centuries.

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27

Ribeiro, Gustavo Lins. "The global/local tension in the history of anthropology." Journal of Global History 14, no. 3 (October 21, 2019): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022819000172.

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AbstractIn the early days of anthropology as a discipline in the nineteenth century, evolutionism and diffusionism supplied anthropologists with ‘global’ visions. Anthropologists have always been involved with all-encompassing cosmopolitan notions such as humankind and culture. Many have thus endeavoured to explain the world as a whole, and how humans have developed in different historical moments. In the 1980s and 1990s, when the new label ‘globalization’ generated a field of scholarly preoccupations, anthropologists started to contribute to this growing body of literature. Their most valuable contributions are related to the tensions between local and global forces, and between forces of heterogeneity and homogeneity, as well as to the use of ethnography as a methodological tool. Anthropologists have borrowed notions from other related disciplines such as sociology, history, and geography. This paper situates the anthropological production on ‘the global’ within this diverse history of borrowings, internal disciplinary debates, and wider historical junctures.

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28

Biermann, Frank, and Klaus Dingwerth. "Global Environmental Change and the Nation State." Global Environmental Politics 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638004773730185.

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This article outlines the theoretical problematique and some empirical knowledge regarding the impacts of global environmental change on the nation state; thereby it also introduces this special issue of Global Environmental Politics. We argue that global environmental change decreases the capacity of nation states to fulfill their definitional functions without the cooperation of other states. The added stress due to environmental change also increases the demand for adaptive capacities of nation states, which further diminishes their resources to fulfill other core functions. Based on an overview of the complex interplay between global environmental change and the nation state, we focus on the various ways in which the nation state may mitigate, or adapt to, the impacts of global environmental change, including horizontal diffusionism and vertical institutionalism. In summarizing the other contributions to this special issue, we further argue that a reconsideration of key theoretical concepts such as sovereignty, agency, and multilevel governance is required in order to improve our understanding of the complexities of global environmental governance.

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29

MacClancy, Jeremy. "Transcending the academic/public divide in the transmission of theory: Raglan, diffusionism, and mid-century anthropology." History and Anthropology 28, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2016.1260566.

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30

Allen, Troy D. "Book Review: The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History; Eight Eurocentric Historians." Journal of Black Studies 32, no. 6 (July 2002): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00234702032006006.

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31

Rodrigue, Christine M. "James Blaut's Critique of Diffusionism through a Neolithic Lens: Early Animal Domestication in the Near East." Antipode 37, no. 5 (November 2005): 981–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0066-4812.2005.00546.x.

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32

Losacco, José-Romero. "Historias Globales desde el Sur: la Colonialidad más allá de 1492." Anduli, no. 20 (2021): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2021.i20.15.

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The analysis of world-systems has been of great influence for the deployment of the so-called decolonial turn. The first works done by Mignolo, Quijano, Dussel and Grosfoguel embraced the contributions of the analysis of world systems to geopolitically locate the colonial matrix of power. However, despite deep anti-Eurocentric criticism of decolonial positioning, it has been difficult to overcome the limits of Eurocentrism that persists in the approaches of Wallerstein. In that sens, the present work seeks to disclose some of the Eurocentric limitations in the work of Wallerstein, and to show how these establish the enunciation of decolonial positioning. To this end, we will explore some of the key concepts for the analysis of world-systems, and how they imply an interpretation of the history of capitalism that remains within the limits established by Eurocentric diffusionism. Finally, questions that remain open when breaking down mapping centered on the western north of the Mediterranean Sea will be presented in an attempt to advance preliminary responses when exploring the framing of global history from the south.

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33

CHO, Kang Sok. "A STUDY ON THE ASPECTS OF EUROCENTRISM AND DIFFUSIONISM REPRESENTED IN FOREIGNERS’ TRAVEL RECORDS ON KOREA IN EARLY 1900s." International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (July 8, 2017): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2017.03.07.

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This paper deals with three different perspectives appeared in foreign visitors’ records on Korea in 1900s. Jack London was a writer who wrote novels highly critical of American society based on progressivism. However, when his progressive perspective was adopted to report the political situation of Korea in 1904, he revealed a typical perspective of orientalism. He regarded Korea and ways of living in Korea as disgusting and ‘uncivilized.’Compared with Jack London’s perspective, French poet Georges Ducrocq’s book was rather favorable. He visited Korea in 1901 and he showed affectionate attitude toward Korea and its people. However, his travel report, Pauvre et Douce Coree, can be defined as representing aesthetic orientalism. He tried to make all the ‘Korean things’ seem beautiful and nice, but it is true that this kind of view can also conceal something concrete and specific. This perspective at once beautifies Korea and also conceals the reality about Korea.E. Burton Holmes was a traveler and he often used his ‘motion-picture’ machine to record things he witnessed while travelling around worldwide countries. So, his report (travelogue) and motion picture film on Korea written and made in 1901 was based on close observation and rather objective point of view. Nonetheless, he couldn’t avoid the perspective of the colonizer’s model of the world, in other words, geographical diffusionism of western culture.

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34

Das, N. K. "Indian Anthropology: Critique of Diverse Ideas and Exploration of the Swadeshi Anthropology." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 7, no. 7 (August 12, 2021): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2021.v07i07.001.

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Anthropology in India is divided into various phases, such as colonial ethnology/ethnography and postcolonial anthropology. The classical evolutionism, diffusionism and Orientalism, which had dominated colonial ethnology/ethnography, had also influenced the earlier phase of anthropology in postcolonial India. In fact, postcolonial anthropology is itself an incoherent lot with diverse forms and ideas. In the long history of Indian anthropology, there appeared some works carrying theoretical bearing and applied relevance, yet many chroniclers have undervalued such works. This author has earlier appraised some evaluations of Indian anthropology provided by Debnath (1999), Berger, (2012) and Guha (2017), among others. This article takes clues from such earlier appraisal and locates within a larger historical canvas an encyclopaedia entry contributed by S. Deshpande and edited by Hilary Callan (2018), which has ignored many foundational works of Indian anthropology. Placing this critique in a larger historical context of colonial/ postcolonial anthropology, this author aims to focus attention on major signposts of social anthropology. Second objective is to dispel many myths and misconceptions about the anthropological survey of India, mainly its People of India study. Ultimately, by citing some ethnographic illustrations, this article endeavours to ascertain a trend of ‘indigenousness’ and demonstrate thereby the Swadeshi stance of Indian anthropology.

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Souvatzi, Stella, Agathe Reingruber, and Giorgos Toufexis. "Socialising the Landscape in the Early Neolithic of Thessaly, Greece." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1176–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0154.

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Abstract This article attempts to draw attention to the social choices of the earliest farming societies, evaluating new and old settlement data from the Early Neolithic of Thessaly in Greece. We examine the inhabitation of landscapes, the organisation of the inhabited spaces and the human–landscape interaction as a framework for the creation of a socialised environment. Taking into account aspects such as settlement location, duration, architecture and intra- and intersite arrangements, this study shows that the observed diversity in space and time reflects alternative modes of settlement and land use, variations in notions of permanence and continuity and different modalities of the adoption and meaning of new socioeconomic practices. This evidence challenges traditional interpretations of simplicity, homogeneity and change as being induced from outside and calls for a new reading of the Early Neolithic. We argue that the model of a single and uniform development, deriving from concepts of diffusionism and evolutionism, does not hold in Neolithic Thessaly (or in Greece). Instead, Neolithisation was a contextual process that involved human awareness and different choices, and that the social landscape created by the pioneering farming societies set the stage for all kinds of different developments that occurred in later phases.

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Siedin, Oleksandr. "Revealing the Rationality of Myth: Contribution of Bronislaw Malinowski." Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie 8 (April 16, 2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2451-2958spu.8.12.

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The article is focused on the intellectual significance of the theory of myth developed by prominent Polish anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski within his anthropological approach known as functionalism. The author argues that Malinowski already in the first half of the 20th century anticipated the main trend within the later studies on myth. Like many influential myth-theorists of the next generations, Malinowski recognized the elements of rationality within mythical thinking. Both his emphasis on the integrity of culture as well as his opposition to diffusionism and evolutionism resonate with the perspective of structuralists in the second half of the 20th century. According to Malinowski, myth and science as the parts of culture serve mainly for the basic biological needs of the human body. The more elaborated vision of the functionality of myth has been proposed later in the philosophy of mythology of German poststructuralist Hans Blumenberg. Despite that, Malinowski’s attention to the function of myth reflected and formed the general tendency of contemporary science of myth. This tendency presupposes the “de-archaization” of myth in contrast to the progressivist vision of myth as entirely “irrational” or “paralogical” thinking. The author also analyses how the intellectual heritage of Malinowski is used in the recent studies made by contemporary Polish and Ukrainian scholars.

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37

Verne, Julia. "The neglected “gift” of Ratzel for/from the Indian Ocean: thoughts on mobilities, materialities and relational spaces." Geographica Helvetica 72, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-72-85-2017.

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Abstract. When Korf (2014) recently invited (critical) geographers to come to terms with the problematic heritage of our discipline, especially with respect to spatial political thought, he first of all drew our attention to the intellectual contributions of Martin Heidegger and Carl Schmitt. While he urges us to rethink our ongoing references to these key thinkers, especially in light of the rather strict avoidance of politically problematic figures within our own discipline, such as Haushofer and Ratzel, this article now wishes to address geography's (dis)engagement with its politically problematic heritage from the opposite angle: focusing on Friedrich Ratzel, it asks if we might have been too radical in condemning his work as only poison? What if the neglect of Ratzel has actually led to a moment where his ideas feature prominently in current geographical debates without us even noticing it? By drawing on his contributions to cultural geography and, in particular, the establishment of the cultural historical method and German diffusionism, this article takes up on this question and reflects on the (imagined/actual) role of Ratzel's scholarship in contemporary geography. By pointing out striking similarities to more recent discussions about mobility, materiality and relational space, it illustrates the contemporary, though widely unnoticed, (re)appearance of Ratzel's ideas, and uses this example to emphasize the need for more critical reflection concerning the history of our discipline as well as the complex ways in which political ideologies and intellectual reasoning relate to each other.

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Adu-Gyamfi, Samuel, Abubakar Teikillah, Ali Yakubu Nyaaba, Mariama Marciana Kuusaana, Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa, and Lucky Tomdi. "Muslim Healers and Healing: An Ethnographic Study of Aboabo Community of Ghana." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 14 (December 1, 2020): 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i14.4.

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Societies that have accepted Islam have blended their native culture with what was, rightly and wrongly, linked to Islam. Here, we present an example of this combination concerning traditional healing processes in Muslim societies. Focusing on the Aboabo community, we did an ethnographic study of healing processes and rites used by healers and further discussed the rites, practices, contributions and challenges of Muslim traditional healing in the community. Based on a qualitative research approach, the current study uses both theories of diffusionism and syncretism and empirical evidence to highlight the mode of treating some diseases using medicinal plants and rituals including prayers and Qur‟an verses recommended in ancient narrations received from earlier Muslim societies (particularly Arab societies). Although Muslim traditional healers are nearly disappearing from many contemporary Muslim societies, the continuation of their presence in some societies such as Aboabo is partly related to the standard of living of the people. The know-how of these healers is mainly limited to their native traditions, some principles of Islam and related questionable narrations. The activities of Muslim traditional practice have remained archaic, often questionable and/or unhygienic despite Islam‟s exhortation of its believers to respect, among other things, cleanliness and hygiene, and especially to increasingly develop their knowledge in major areas such as those concerning medicine and anthropology. Finally, we realized that although the idea of modernization of Muslim traditional healing in Ghana is expressed in some local discourses, it remains at the periphery. Keyword: Muslim, Islam, Aboabo community, Healing, Muslim healers, Traditional Medicine, Cultures

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Onuoha, Godwin. "Development and diffusionism: Looking beyond neopatrimonialism in Nigeria, 1962–1985Democracy in Nigeria: Thoughts and selected commentariesThe Jonathan presidency: The first yearNigeria: Dancing on the brink." African Affairs 114, no. 457 (August 24, 2015): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adv052.

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Podolian, G. P. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF MODERN COMPARATIVE RESEARCH." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (4) (2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2019.1(4).04.

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The article analyzes the relevance of comparative research in the modern conditions of the global world. The forms of communication that are immanent for any culture, the development of another's experience of cultural being, intercultural interactions are determined. The significance of philosophy is deter- mined as one of the foundations contributing to the processes of forming dialogism as a cultural characteristic of ancient, and then Western culture. The culture-creating nature of the communicative, dialogical nature of Western culture is interpreted as an important basis for the emergence of a comparative historical method of studying cultural diversity. Attention is focused on the productive experience of cultural interaction that emerged in ancient Greece and developed by further followers in the Western world. The history of the development of the comparative tradition is traced through the delineation of the main factors, which, in their entirety, have become a favorable basis for the emergence of systemic research using the comparative method. Indicates the main trends of modern comparative searches and unsolved problems. The directions of the heuristic development of the future prospects of this method of cultural analysis are indicated. These include: a high level of dialogicity of ancient, and then Western culture; geographical discoveries of the New time; educational and cultural activities of representatives of the Enlightenment; the devel- opment of scientific knowledge in the direction of the penetration of ideas about the natural movement of social development from the natural sci- ences into the social sciences; the appeals and popularization of O. Conte of studying the "main laws" of social phenomena, including the com- parative historical method; authoritative recognition of history and linguistics as a science in the nineteenth century; the idea of progressive pro- gress of human culture; scientific activities of representatives of cultural schools of evolutionary anthropology, diffusionism, social anthropology.

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Abhayasundere, P. N., and W. K. M. Wijayarathna. "Anthropological gleanings of the work of Martin Wickramasinghe." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 06, no. 02 (July 1, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v06i02.05.

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Martin Wickramasinghe is a prominent figure who contributed to various academic spheres in Sri Lanka. Many who define Martin Wickramasinghe only as a creative writer disregards the fact that he was an expert who contributed to a Sri Lankan approach in anthropology. This qualitative research paper analyzes the role of Wickramasinghe in emphasizing the anthropological paradigms in Sri Lankan society during his period. The main objective of this analysis is to provide a comprehensive insight about the impact and contribution of Martin Wickramasinghe’s work to develop anthropology as an academic discipline in Sri Lanka. For this research, we utilized his publications related to anthropology and culture and analyzed the content which underlined important anthropological characteristics. His ‘Sathwa Santhathiya’, ‘Sakaskada’, ‘Mānawa Vidyāwa Ha Sinhala Sanskruthiya’, ‘Buddhism and Culture’ are some renowned works that were applied for this study. Wickramasinghe read widely the works of Darwin, Spencer, Huxley as well as the ethnographies of scholars like Malinowski, Ruth Benedict. One of his major views was that Sri Lankan culture was undermined by the conflict with Western culture, and that Buddhism is one of the institutions that protected it from collapse and disappearance. He comparatively expressed his ideas about diffusionism, one of the significant ideas in cultural anthropology, as an ordinary process which takes place in every society. Wickramasinghe related the ideals of democracy, humanism, socialism, religion, and culture to the context of Sri Lanka. This research concludes that Wickramasinghe's interest in anthropology came at a time when anthropology was not popular in Sri Lanka. He has used his knowledge and ideology from records on anthropology to express critical views on the socio-cultural divisions of Sri Lanka, although he cannot be defined as an anthropologist.

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Delle, James. "The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical .Diffusionism and Eurocentric History. By J. M. Blaut. New York: The Guilford Press. 1993. Pp. 246. $45.00. Hardcover. ISBN 0898623499." Passages 1, no. 1 (December 27, 1999): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691675_001_01-15.

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Alipov, Pavel A. "Methodological search in a framework of the diffusionism theory in Russian humanities at the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries: the scholarly program of N. P. Kondakov." Петербургский исторический журнал, no. 3 (2021): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/2311-603x_2021_3_155.

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Ram, Harsha. "The Scale of Global Modernisms: Imperial, National, Regional, Local." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 5 (October 2016): 1372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1372.

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One of the Principal Challenges Facing the Study of Global Modernisms, as of Any Transnational Cultural Phenomenon, is the question of scale. In declaring the contemporary world to be “one, and unequal,” several recent theorizations of world literature rest on the foundational assumption of a unified—albeit uneven—planetary scale (Moretti, “Conjectures” 56; see also Casanova 62-74; WREC 6-12). As such they model the dynamic of literary circulation across world regions according to the geographic distances, as well as the disproportionate access to socioeconomic and cultural resources, that separate and distinguish the world's centers from their peripheries. These distances, and the inequalities they generate, are perceived as the necessary by-products of two spatial logics, that of the expanding world market and that of the modern Westphalian system of sovereign and competing nation-states. To posit the modern world as a singular system has the undoubted merit of acknowledging the structural connectedness of its operative inequalities, arising from the territorial partition of the globe by the imperial powers during the final decades of the nineteenth century and from its simultaneous unification in the wake of accelerating trade and new infrastructures of transport and communication. Nevertheless, the premise of a singular modernity (Jameson 142) has been repeatedly challenged (Chakrabarty 6-16; Mitchell; Scott 113-15; Orsini). It has been faulted for its developmentalist logic, involving an implied or explicit adherence to the related assumptions of linear or stadial historicism and spatial diffusionism, which together reduce the negotiated impact of modernity on the world's far-flung regions to a process of top-down modernization originating in and imposed by the West. The force of this critique is blunted once the world system (Wallerstein; Hopkins et al.) is grasped as a profoundly uneven totality, allowing us to view the multiply differentiated space-times that coexist in the global present as produced by the imbalances constituting the world system as such (in literary scholarship, see Anderson, “Modernity”; Moretti, Modern Epic 50-52; Wollaeger 13-14; Lazarus 232-41, WREC 1-95; for corresponding debates in historiography and the social sciences, see Harootunian 62-63; Cooper 113-49; Chibber).

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Mulawarman, Aji Dedi, and Ari Kamayanti. "Towards Islamic Accounting Anthropology." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 9, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-02-2015-0004.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to shed light on how accounting, which has been recognised as a contributor to the modernity problem, has been influenced by secular anthropology, which hinges on the concept of “self”. Based on Akbar S. Ahmed’s concept of Islamic Anthropology, Islamic Accounting Anthropology (IAA) is proposed as an answer to shift the accounting paradigm. Design/methodology/approach A case study in Indonesia was conducted by studying the development of the nation’s Shariah accounting from the perspective of diffusionism as an approach to anthropology. Following the constructivist tradition, IAA, which rejects the Social Darwinism notion of the superiority of the West over the East as the basis of the evolution of civilisation, is used as tool to realise Islamic norms through synchronic-diachronic study, constructing an accounting concept and invoking accounting transformation through accounting education. Findings This study finds that accounting has been greatly affected by secular Western culture through education and educators as agents that find their legitimation in country policies. Standard setters have also taken the same stance by siding with the capital market. By proposing IAA, it is hoped that Islam will replace the concept of “self-interest” as the faith of accounting and promote welfare for the ummah. Research limitations/implications The problem of modernisation lies in the newfound faith of self-interest. In accounting, self-interest is ingrained in accounting theories such as Positive Accounting Theory, Entity Theory and Agency Theory, and thus accounting has become a tool to support neoliberal society. IAA will help produce accounting that is rooted in local wisdom and necessity yet very much embedded in Islamic values. Practical implications IAA suggests that accounting education must be geared towards anthropology detached from the Orientalism-secularism concept. This shift can be accomplished by integrating IAA into the accounting education curriculum. Social implications Based on IAA, accounting practices can be designed under the guidance of the Quran and result using a synchronic-diachronic approach. By changing the ontological view through accounting education, accounting can drive societal consciousness towards the welfare of society instead of self-happiness. Originality/value Islamic accounting and anthropology are two subjects that are rarely discussed concurrently.

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Smith, Neil. "Book reviews: Blaut J.M., 1994: The colonizer's model of the world. Geographical diffusionism and Eurocentric history. Harlow: Longmans Scientific and Techni cal. 246 pp. £16.99 paper. ISBN: 0 89862 348 0." Progress in Human Geography 19, no. 3 (September 1995): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913259501900310.

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Павлова, Анна Николаевна. "Методология исследования праздничной культуры в работе Хулио Каро Бароха «Карнавал»." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 1 (53) (March 15, 2021): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2021-53-1/325-335.

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В статье исследуется методология известного испанского антрополога, историка, языковеда и фольклориста Хулио Каро Барохи (1914–1995), примененная им для анализа праздничной культуры Испании. Прослежена эволюция научных взглядов Каро Барохи. Если в начале своей карьеры, до гражданской войны в Испании, а также в первое десятилетие после нее основным для ученого был метод культурного диффузионизма, сформировавшийся, главным образом под влиянием Хосе Мигеля Барандиана, «патриарха баскской этнографии», то затем под влиянием Рэдклифа Брауна и Бронислава Малиновского его интересы сместились в сторону функционального метода. Однако, спустя некоторое время Каро разочаровывается и в функционализме, что побудило его приступить к поискам собственного метода научного анализа, названного самим Каро «историческим структурализмом». Однако часто исторический компонент в его исследованиях преобладает, и в этом случае исследователь критикует структурализм за антиисторизм. Показаны преимущества данного научного подхода по сравнению с другими методами, применяемыми в социокультурной антропологии. Для своего анализа Каро Бароха выбирает серию праздничных и маскарадных шествий, преимущественно зимнего цикла и анализирует их с точки зрения антрополога, давая описания тех или иных ритуалов, интерпретируя их с исторической и антропологической перспективы, также приводя сравнения с подобными африканскими и европейскими празднованиями. The paper studies the methodology of the famous Spanish anthropologist, historian, linguist and folklorist Caro Baroja (1914-1995) applied to his analysis of the festive culture of Spain. The study traces the evolution of the scientific views of Caro Baroja. At the beginning of his career before the Civil war in Spain and during the first decade after it the main method he applied was cultural diffusionism, which was formed mainly under the influence of Jose Miguel Barandian, the patriarch of the Bask ethnography. Afterwards his interest shifted to the functional method under the influence of Alfred Radcliffe-Brown and Bronislaw Malinowsky. However, later Caro Baroja was disappointed with the functionalism, and that led him to search his new method of scientific analysis. Caro Baroja calls it “historic structuralism”. Though often the historic component in his studies predominates, and the researcher criticizes structuralism for its antihistorism. The advantages of this method as compared with other methods applied in socio-cultural anthropology are shown. For his analysis Caro Baroja chooses a series of festive and masquerade processions mainly of the winter cycle and analyses them from the point of view of an anthropologist, describing some rituals, interpreting them in terms of historic and anthropological perspectives, comparing them with similar African and European festivals.

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Podshibyakina, Tat'yana A. "Cognitive Freedom as a New Political Freedom of the 21st century." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/11.

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In political science, it is rarely possible to work with a topic of extremely significant social problems that has not yet found a proper understanding by the scientific community. This includes the concept of cognitive freedom, which already claims to be the new political freedom of the 21st century but is practically not represented in the scientific discourse. This article does not claim to be a complete theoretical and methodological representation of cognitive freedom as a political freedom, it is only an invitation to a discussion about its essence, features, practical significance, and many other aspects of this unique phenomenon. A review of publications on the topic of cognitive freedom from the point of view of psychological, neuro-ethical, epistemological, and cognitive trends is conducted; the degree of its study is evaluated; and the results obtained are summarized. The author's contribution to the understanding of cognitive freedom was the substantiation of the diffusive concept of cognitive freedom using a combination of two approaches: implicit cognitive science and political diffusionism. The diffusive concept of cognitive freedom can be formulated as follows: cognitive freedom is the freedom of representation, dissemination, and transmission of knowledge or information by individuals in diffusion networks. The concept “knowledge transfer” is introduced, meaning that its dissemination is carried out under conditions of some restriction of freedom in the form of prohibition, influence, pressure. This is the political nature of diffusion that acquires signs of managing or manipulating participants in the interaction. This concept should develop the concept of cognitive freedom in terms of one of the conditions for its implementation - the freedom to present, receive, distribute, and transmit knowledge in diffusion networks (a communication channel through which information and knowledge flow). The practical significance of the diffusive concept of cognitive freedom lies in its suitability for identifying the possibilities of managing the free process of political diffusion. Several cognitive technologies based on the principles of “cognitive control”, which in fact plays the role of a kind of “limiter” or even an obstacle to the freedom of obtaining, storing or distributing knowledge, are described. The types of cognitive technologies are identified: technologies for managing human cognitive abilities at the level of the unconscious, technologies for managing the process of organizing information, technologies for strategic narratives, and framing technology: technologies for managing mnemonic practices, technologies for controlling social media as communicators.

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PANARETOS, VICTOR M. "Representation of Radon shape diffusions via hyperspherical Brownian motion." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 145, no. 2 (September 2008): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004108001370.

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AbstractA framework is introduced for the study of general Radon shape diffusions, that is, shape diffusions induced by projections of randomly rotating shapes. This is done via a convenient representation of unoriented Radon shape diffusions in (unoriented) D.G. Kendall shape space $\widetilde{\Sigma}_n^k$ through a Brownian motion on the hypersphere. This representation leads to a coordinate system for the generalized version of Radon diffusions since it is shown that shape can be essentially identified with unoriented shape in the projected case. A bijective correspondence between Brownian motion on real projective space and Radon shape diffusions is established. Furthermore, equations are derived for the general (unoriented) Radon diffusion of shape-and-size, and stationary measures are discussed.

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Pinsky, Ross G. "Diffusions." Annals of Probability 29, no. 4 (October 2001): 1476–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aop/1015345759.

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