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Journal articles on the topic 'Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Ramsing, B., and P. Corr. "Diffusion weighted MR imaging." South African Journal of Radiology 3, no. 3 (August 31, 1998): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v3i3.1570.

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Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) allows the measurement of molecular motion in tissue. This technique has significant clinical applications. Recent technological developments in fast MR imaging have brought diffusion imaging into clinical practice. This review will explain the physical principles, and current and future potential applications of diffusion imaging in medicine.

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2

Youn, Byung Jae, Jin Wook Chung, Kyu Ri Son, Hyo-Cheol Kim, Hwan Jun Jae, Jeong Min Lee, In Chan Song, In-One Kim, and Jae Hyung Park. "Diffusion-Weighted MR." Academic Radiology 15, no. 5 (May 2008): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2007.10.022.

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3

Goyal, Mayank, Aravind Ganesh, Michael Tymianski, Michael D. Hill, and Johanna Maria Ospel. "Iatrogenic Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions." Stroke 52, no. 5 (May 2021): 1929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.033984.

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Infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke is closely linked with clinical outcome, with larger infarct volumes being associated with a worse prognosis. Small iatrogenic infarcts, which can occur as a result of surgical or endovascular procedures, are often only seen on diffusion-weighted MR imaging. They often do not lead to any overtly appreciable clinical deficits, hence the term covert or silent infarcts. There is relative paucity of data on the clinical impact of periprocedural hyperintense diffusion-weighted MR imaging lesions, partly because they commonly remain undiagnosed. Clearly, a better understanding of iatrogenic periprocedural diffusion-weighted MR imaging lesions and their clinical significance is needed. In this article, we describe the current limitations of our understanding of the significance of iatrogenic diffusion-weighted MR imaging lesions using exemplary data from the ENACT trial (Safety and Efficacy of NA-1 in Patients With Iatrogenic Stroke After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair) and outline a framework for how to investigate their clinical impact.

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4

Tsuchiya, K., S. Katase, A. Yoshino, and J. Hachiya. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of encephalitis." American Journal of Roentgenology 173, no. 4 (October 1999): 1097–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.173.4.10511186.

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5

Chan, J. H. M., E. Y. K. Tsui, S. H. Luk, S. L. Fung, Y. K. Cheung, M. S. M. Chan, M. K. Yuen, S. F. Mak, and K. P. C. Wong. "MR diffusion-weighted imaging of kidney." Clinical Imaging 25, no. 2 (March 2001): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-7071(01)00246-7.

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6

Kovoor, J. M. E., P. N. Jayakumar, A. S. Guruprasad, S. K. Shankar, and B. Anandh. "Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging in Glioma." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 16, no. 6 (December 2003): 1065–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090301600606.

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7

Patay, Zoltan. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in leukodystrophies." European Radiology 15, no. 11 (July 15, 2005): 2284–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-2846-2.

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8

SİVRİOĞLU, Ali Kemal, Kemal KARA, Ersin ÖZTÜRK, and Erol KILIÇ. "Diffusion weighted imaging of the chest." Tuberkuloz ve Toraks 63, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/tt.8912.

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9

Motoshima, Shigenobu, Hiroyuki Irie, Takahiko Nakazono, Toshiharu Kamura, and Sho Kudo. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in gynecologic cancers." Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 22, no. 4 (2011): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2011.22.4.275.

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10

Pezzullo, John A., Glenn A. Tung, Sanjay Mudigonda, and Jeffrey M. Rogg. "Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Pyogenic Ventriculitis." American Journal of Roentgenology 180, no. 1 (January 2003): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.180.1.1800071.

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11

Kang, Bo Kiung, Dong Gyu Na, Jae Wook Ryoo, Hong Sik Byun, Hong Gee Roh, and Yong Seon Pyeun. "Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Intracerebral Hemorrhage." Korean Journal of Radiology 2, no. 4 (2001): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2001.2.4.183.

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12

Sasaki, Yusuke. "Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in the Mandible." International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 10, no. 4 (2012): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.10.261.

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13

Gillard, J. H. "Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the brain." British Journal of Neurosurgery 20, no. 3 (January 2006): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688690600777299.

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14

Prakash, Mahesh, Sunil Kumar, and Rakesh K. Gupta. "Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Japanese Encephalitis." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 28, no. 6 (November 2004): 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-200411000-00005.

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15

Erturk, Sukru Mehmet. "Chronic Pancreatitis and Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging." Radiology 252, no. 1 (July 2009): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2521090396.

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16

Sagar, Pallavi, and P. Ellen Grant. "Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging: Pediatric Clinical Applications." Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 16, no. 1 (February 2006): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2005.11.003.

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17

Koh, Dow-Mu, Jeong-Min Lee, Leonardo Kayat Bittencourt, Matthew Blackledge, and David J. Collins. "Body Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in Oncology." Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 24, no. 1 (February 2016): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2015.08.007.

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18

Donners, Ricardo, Matthew Blackledge, Nina Tunariu, Christina Messiou, Elmar M. Merkle, and Dow-Mu Koh. "Quantitative Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 26, no. 4 (November 2018): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2018.06.002.

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19

Ganaha, Akira, and Mikio Suzuki. "P134: Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Cholesteatoma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, no. 2_suppl (August 2007): P257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.06.647.

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20

Sivrioglu, Ali Kemal. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of mediastinal lymphadenopathy." Japanese Journal of Radiology 34, no. 5 (November 3, 2015): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11604-015-0498-y.

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21

Xu, Mao Sheng, Chai Beng Tan, T. Umapathi, and C. C. Tchoyoson Lim. "Susac syndrome: serial diffusion-weighted MR imaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 22, no. 9 (November 2004): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2004.08.006.

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22

Oto, Aytekin, Christine Schmid-Tannwald, Garima Agrawal, Arda Kayhan, Hatice Lakadamyali, Sarah Orrin, Ila Sethi, Steffen Sammet, and Xiaobing Fan. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of abdominopelvic abscesses." Emergency Radiology 18, no. 6 (August 9, 2011): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10140-011-0976-1.

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23

Schaefer, Pamela W., P. Ellen Grant, and R. Gilberto Gonzalez. "Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the Brain." Radiology 217, no. 2 (November 2000): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.217.2.r00nv24331.

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24

Taouli, Bachir, and Dow-Mu Koh. "Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the Liver." Radiology 254, no. 1 (January 2010): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.09090021.

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25

Chang, Kee-Hyun, Young Jun Kim, In Chan Song, Hong Dae Kim, Su Ok Seong, Moon Hee Han, and Man Chung Han. "Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Brain Abscess." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 11, no. 2_suppl (November 1998): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19714009980110s215.

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26

Abdel Razek, Ahmed Abdel Khalek, Gada Gaballa, Adel Denewer, and Ismail Tawakol. "Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging of the Breast." Academic Radiology 17, no. 3 (March 2010): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2009.10.014.

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27

Kiroğlu, Yilmaz, Cem Calli, Nilgun Yunten, Omer Kitis, Ayse Kocaman, Nevzat Karabulut, Hasan Isaev, and Baki Yagci. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of viral encephalitis." Neuroradiology 48, no. 12 (August 31, 2006): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-006-0143-7.

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28

Bozgeyik, Zulkif, Sonay Coskun, A. Ferda Dagli, Yusuf Ozkan, Fatih Sahpaz, and Erkin Ogur. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of thyroid nodules." Neuroradiology 51, no. 3 (January 23, 2009): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-008-0494-3.

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29

Price, Stephen. "Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Brain." Acta Neurochirurgica 148, no. 5 (May 2006): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-005-0719-8.

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30

Tsuruda, Jay S., Wil M. Chew, Michael E. Moseley, and David Norman. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of extraaxial tumors." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 1991): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910190221.

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31

Li, T. Q., Z. G. Chen, and T. Hindmarsh. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of acute cerebral ischemia." Acta Radiologica 39, no. 5 (September 1998): 460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859809172209.

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Diffusion-weighted MR imaging has been used in studies on experimental animal models and on patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Compared with CT and conventional MR techniques, diffusion-weighted imaging can provide earlier and more precise detection of the location and the extent of an ischemic lesion during the critical first few hours after the onset of stroke Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping of the brain water can also be carried out by recording a series of diffusion-weighted images with different amplitudes of the displacement encoding gradients. ADC maps can provide important information about the extra- and intracellular water homeostasis. ADC reduction of the tissue water is one of the early signals of the pathophysiological cascade resulting from ischemic tissue injury. Diffusion MR imaging has become a valuable tool in stroke research. It may also prove a valuable tool in monitoring the efficiency of therapeutic effects in stroke patients It is our intention to provide an overview of the recent development in this area with emphasis on the diffusion-weighted MR techniques, and to discuss the possible underlying biophysical mechanisms responsible for the contrast of diffusion-weighted imaging

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32

Iyer, Rajiv R., John A. Butman, Stuart Walbridge, Neville D. Gai, John D. Heiss, and Russell R. Lonser. "Tracking accuracy of T2- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for infusate distribution by convection-enhanced delivery." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 3 (September 2011): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.5.jns11246.

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Object Because convection-enhanced delivery relies on bulk flow of fluid in the interstitial spaces, MR imaging techniques that detect extracellular fluid and fluid movement may be useful for tracking convective drug distribution. To determine the tracking accuracy of T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging sequences, the authors followed convective distribution of radiolabeled compounds using these imaging sequences in nonhuman primates. Methods Three nonhuman primates underwent thalamic convective infusions (5 infusions) with 14C-sucrose (MW 342 D) or 14C-dextran (MW 70,000 D) during serial MR imaging (T2- and diffusion-weighted imaging). Imaging, histological, and autoradiographic findings were analyzed. Results Real-time T2- and diffusion-weighted imaging clearly demonstrated the region of infusion, and serial images revealed progressive filling of the bilateral thalami during infusion. Imaging analysis for T2- and diffusion-weighted sequences revealed that the tissue volume of distribution (Vd) increased linearly with volume of infusion (Vi; R2 = 0.94, R2 = 0.91). Magnetic resonance imaging analysis demonstrated that the mean ± SD Vd/Vi ratios for T2-weighted (3.6 ± 0.5) and diffusion-weighted (3.3 ± 0.4) imaging were similar (p = 0.5). While 14C-sucrose and 14C-dextran were homogeneously distributed over the infused region, autoradiographic analysis revealed that T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging significantly underestimated the Vd of both 14C-sucrose (mean differences 51.3% and 52.3%, respectively; p = 0.02) and 14C-dextran (mean differences 49.3% and 59.6%; respectively, p = 0.001). Conclusions Real-time T2- and diffusion-weighted MR imaging significantly underestimate tissue Vd during convection-enhanced delivery over a wide range of molecular sizes. Application of these imaging modalities may lead to inaccurate estimation of convective drug distribution.

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33

Koyama, Takashi, Ken Tamai, and Kaori Togashi. "Current status of body MR imaging: fast MR imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging." International Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 4 (September 5, 2006): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10147-006-0605-2.

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34

Baird, Alison E., and Steven Warach. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 18, no. 6 (June 1998): 583–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199806000-00001.

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In the investigation of ischemic stroke, conventional structural magnetic resonance (MR) techniques (e.g., T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, and proton density-weighted imaging) are valuable for the assessment of infarct extent and location beyond the first 12 to 24 hours after onset, and can be combined with MR angiography to noninvasively assess the intracranial and extracranial vasculature. However, during the critical first 6 to 12 hours, the probable period of greatest therapeutic opportunity, these methods do not adequately assess the extent and severity of ischemia. Recent developments in functional MR imaging are showing great promise for the detection of developing focal cerebral ischemic lesions within the first hours. These include (1) diffusion-weighted imaging, which provides physiologic information about the self-diffusion of water, thereby detecting one of the first elements in the pathophysiologic cascade leading to ischemic injury; and (2) perfusion imaging. The detection of acute intraparenchymal hemorrhagic stroke by susceptibility weighted MR has also been reported. In combination with MR angiography, these methods may allow the detection of the site, extent, mechanism, and tissue viability of acute stroke lesions in one imaging study. Imaging of cerebral metabolites with MR spectroscopy along with diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion imaging may also provide new insights into ischemic stroke pathophysiology. In light of these advances in structural and functional MR, their potential uses in the study of the cerebral ischemic pathophysiology and in clinical practice are described, along with their advantages and limitations.

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35

Yikilmaz, A., A. C. Durak, E. Mavili, H. Donmez, A. Kurtsoy, and O. Kontas. "The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intracranial Cystic Lesions." Neuroradiology Journal 21, no. 6 (December 2008): 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090802100605.

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We aimed to define the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of intracranial cystic lesions and to investigate possible special features for the differential diagnosis. One hundred and twenty patients with intracranial cystic lesions were included in the study. There were 29 arachnoid cysts, eight epidermoid cysts, 34 primary tumors, 18 abscesses, 29 metastases and two hydatid cysts. Echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging was obtained in addition to conventional cranial MR scans. The morphologic features of the cystic portion and the wall of the cyst and signal intensities on diffusion-weighted images were evaluated. All abscesses and epidermoid cysts were hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images. Arachnoid cysts, hydatid cysts, primary tumors, and metastases were hypointense except five cystic tumors. These five primary or metastatic necrotic tumors showed high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images due to hemorrhage or superinfection. The walls of the cystic tumors were usually hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images in contrast to the wall of the abscesses, which were iso-hypointense. This was a statistically significant finding for the differentiation between tumors and abscesses (P<0.05). Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is a useful technique for the evaluation of the intracranial cystic lesions and provides additional beneficial information to conventional MR imaging. However, the presence of hemorrhage and superinfection of the tumors may cause a signal increase that results in misinterpretetations. In these cases, the appearance of tumor wall may be useful for differentiating abscesses from tumors.

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36

Ahammad, Sk Hasane, V. Rajesh, A. Neetha, Sai Jeesmitha B, and A. Srikanth. "Automatic segmentation of spinal cord diffusion MR Images for disease location finding." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1313-1321.

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<p>Dissemination weighted MR imaging may build the affectability and explicitness of MR imaging for certain pathologic states of the spinal rope yet is once in a while performed as a result of a few specialized issues. We consequently tried a novel stage explored turn reverberation dispersion weighted interleaved reverberation planar imaging arrangement in seven sound volunteers and six patients with intramedullary injuries. We performed dispersion weighted MR imaging of the spinal string with high spatial goals. Distinctive examples of dissemination irregularities saw in patient investigations bolster the conceivable symptomatic effect of dispersion weighted MR imaging for ailments of the spinal string. MR imaging has turned into the system of decision for imaging the spinal rope on account of a high affectability for pathologic intra medullary changes. In any case, the explicitness of anomalies oftentimes lingers behind when utilizing just regular MR arrangements. Dissemination weighted MR imaging guarantees to supply additional data in light of trademark changes of the clear dispersion coefficient, for example, those showed in intense ischemia, tumors, or sores related among numerous sclerosis. To date, the indicative commitment of dispersion weighted MR imaging has been concerted essentially in the cerebrum since dissemination weighted MR imaging of the spine is in detail every one the more requesting. Both the little size of the spinal rope and movement-initiated antiquities must be considered. We in this manner built up another examination strategy and tried its unwavering quality and potential for adding to the symptomatic workup of patients with spinal rope indications.</p>

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37

Gelal, F., E. Kumral, B. Dirim Vidinli, D. Erdogan, K. Yucel, and N. Erdogan. "Diffusion‐weighted and conventional MR imaging in neurotrichinosis." Acta Radiologica 46, no. 2 (April 2005): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850510020969.

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Central nervous system involvement in trichinosis is not rare. Brain lesions in trichinosis have been defined on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as multifocal small lesions located in the cerebral cortex and white matter. We present a case of trichinosis with multifocal lesions of the brain detected by MRI and diffusion weighted MRI. Evolutions of these lesions from acute through chronic stages on follow up studies are also presented. This is the first report describing sequential MRI findings and diffusion weighted imaging appearance of brain lesions in trichinosis. Sequential evaluation of conventional and diffusion MR data allowed us to conclude that multifocal lesions in the brain were related to multiple infarctions rather than true inflammatory infiltration of the brain parenchyma.

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38

Barboriak, Daniel P. "Imaging of brain tumors with diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MR imaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 11, no. 3 (August 2003): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1064-9689(03)00065-5.

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39

KUROIWA, Yasuyoshi, Masahito ABURAYA, Atsushi YAMASHITA, Tosiaki MIYATI, Takuro SHIIBA, Masaji MAEDA, Yasushi KIHARA, Yujiro ASADA, and Takuroh IMAMURA. "Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of Deep Vein Thrombosis." Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences 15, no. 1 (2016): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2463/mrms.2014-0114.

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40

Li, T. Q., Z. G. Chen, and T. Hindmarsh. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of acute cerebral ischemia." Acta Radiologica 39, no. 5 (1998): 460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02841859809172209.

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41

Chu, Kon, Dong-Wha Kang, Moon-Ku Han, Byung-Woo Yoon, Kee-Hyun Chang, and Jae-Kyu Roh. "Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.347-d.

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P48 Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has been an undetermined cause of stroke with an obscure pathophysiology that differs from arterial stroke; its main pathophysiology consists of blood-brain barrier breakdown and coexistence of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. Conventional MRI cannot allow a prospective differentiation between vasogenic and cytotoxic edema. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) has been reported to detect early ischemic damage (cytotoxic edema) as bright high signal intensity (SI) and vasogenic edema as heterogenous SI. We report various DWI findings in eight patients with CVT. Objectives: To determine the DWI findings and pathophysiology of CVT Results: From November 1998 to July 2000, eight consecutive patients (two men, six women, age 46 ± 11 years) with CVT underwent DWI, conventional MRI, MR venography and/or conventional cerebral angiography. DWI findings were grouped as three patterns. The first pattern was heterogenous SI (five patients). Bright high SI and low SI were mixed and the corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were inversely correlated to the DWI SI. The areas of prominent low SI were reversed with adequate treatment in follow-up MR imagings. Second, multifocal high SI, like acute arterial stroke, was found in two patients. The corresponding ADC values were decreased. The third type was intravascular clot high SI (two patients) with or without parenchymal lesions. In one patient, DWI demonstrated T2-negative lesion without correlative symptoms. Conclusions: Herein, we classified DWI abnormalities in CVT and these data suggest that DWI can be utilized for discriminating types of edema for tissue viability, detecting subclinical abnormality for preventing further deterioration, and furthermore basic research about the mechanisms of cell death in CVT.

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42

Chung, Jin Il, Seung Ik Lee, Pyeong Ho Yoon, Dong Ik Kim, Ji Hoe Heo, and Byung In Lee. "Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging of Transient Ischemic Attacks." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 43, no. 1 (2000): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.2000.43.1.17.

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43

Park, Jong Min, Dong Gyu Na, Jae Wook Ryoo, Hong Gee Roh, Won Jin Moon, Yong Seon Pyeun, and Hong Sik Byun. "Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging after Intracranial Tumor Resection." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 45, no. 6 (2001): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.2001.45.6.557.

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44

Subhawong, Ty K., Michael A. Jacobs, and Laura M. Fayad. "Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging for Characterizing Musculoskeletal Lesions." RadioGraphics 34, no. 5 (September 2014): 1163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.345140190.

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45

Axel, Leon. "Faster Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of Cardiac Microstructure." Radiology 282, no. 3 (March 2017): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016162269.

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46

Chung, Tae-Ick, Joong-Seok Kim, Soung-Kyeong Park, Beum-Saeng Kim, Kook-Jin Ahn, and Dong-Won Yang. "Diffusion weighted MR imaging of acute Wernicke's encephalopathy." European Journal of Radiology 45, no. 3 (March 2003): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0720-048x(02)00009-8.

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47

Parizel, Paul M., Johan W. Van Goethem, and Özkan Özşarlak. "How to Do Better Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 16, no. 2_suppl_part2 (September 2003): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400903016sp249.

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48

Numano, Tomokazu, Kazuhiro Homma, and Takeshi Hirose. "Diffusion-weighted three-dimensional MP-RAGE MR imaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 23, no. 3 (April 2005): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2004.12.002.

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49

Wilhelm, T., B. Stieltjes, and H. Schlemmer. "Whole-Body-MR-Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Oncology." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 184, no. 10 (September 2, 2013): 950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1335428.

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50

Tamai, Ken, Takashi Koyama, Tsuneo Saga, Shigeaki Umeoka, Yoshiki Mikami, Shingo Fujii, and Kaori Togashi. "Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of uterine endometrial cancer." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 26, no. 3 (2007): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20997.

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