Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diffusion de la culture – États-Unis – 20e siècle'
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Martel, Frédéric. "De la culture en Amérique : politique publique, philanthropie privée et intérêt général dans le système culturel américain." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0083.
Full textIn order to analyze the complexity of the « American cultural system », this PhD dissertation begins in Part I (“Government of the arts”) with the role of the government following the creation of the federal arts agencies, examines the decline of these agencies, and deciphers the “cultural politics” (“politiques de la culture”) of subsequent American administrations to the present day. At the same time, the role of state and local governments is analyzed within the context of the decentralized mechanisms of arts funding. By this point, the limited role of the public sector becomes more comprehensible, for reasons that include the democratic ideal itself. In Part II (“Society and the arts”), this dissertation looks at philanthropy, foundations and the important role of universities play in the arts. Through hundreds of archival documents (among 434 as appendices) and more than seven hundred interviews in 35 states and 110 American cities, the American cultural model” appears in all its singularity and complexity, largely “nonprofit”, neither dependent on the state, nor truly influenced by the market
Zimmerlin, Daniel. "Les frontières nouvelles de "l'evangelicalism" Américain : constantes et transformations d'une sous-culture, 1970-1990." Paris, EPHE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPHE5014.
Full textPower, Susan. "Les expositions surréalistes en Amérique du Nord : terrain d'expérimentation, de réception et de diffusion (1940-1960)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010606.
Full textBesand, Vanessa. "Discours théoriques et fictions narratives : France- Etats-Unis (des années 1920 à nos jours)." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL005.
Full textRelationships between France and the United States of America are built around lots of exchanges, including the flow of theories and the fictional re-appropriations revealing characteristics of both nations. Observed all along the twentieth century, in both modern and postmodern times, these very special cultural and artistic exchanges reflect the evolution of the relationship between the two countries, characterized by the progress of an America new to arts and culture, by its self-consciousness towards French example and by the end of the teacher-pupil interaction which had linked these two countries until then. Moreover, they highlight the cultural construction of each land, made by theoretical borrowings from the other side, as well as its estrangement from it in order to forge its own national identity and singularity. In this perspective, naturalisation of foreign imported materials seems to be a necessary phenomenon to the cultural exchanges between France and the United-States of America, sign of the quest of autonomy of each side and the will to distinguish from an Other who has always fascinated but also created violent rejection
Maho, Jonathan. "Regards sur l'oeuvre de Robert Mapplethorpe : réception au-delà des Culture Wars (1970-2010)." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC052.
Full textOur study takes as its object the reception of Robert Mapplethorpe's work. By examining exhibitions and publications, it retraces the evolution of the critical discourse. The latter is considered for its deficiencies with regards to the polemical context of the Culture Wars — a latent conflict characterized by a series of ideological, disputes between conservatives and liberals in the United States. In the first part, we work to decontextualize the reception of Mapplethorpe's work, showing that censorship, often seen as a consequence of the controversy with which the artist has been involved, must be understood, as of the 1970s, to have been a central theme of his work. We notably demonstrate that the content of his art and exhibitions has been shaped by multiple constraints during the entirety of his career. In the second part, we offer an opportunity to study the lesser-known of his works, revealing key principals that have been neglected in studies conducted with a formalist approach. After having criticized this conventional approach (understood here to be the main problem in the reception of his oeuvre), we propose, in a third part, novel arguments that make it possible to focus on the works' content. More generally, our transdisciplinary method makes it possible to value the artist's personal archives, which have been largely underexplored in existing research
Labarre, Nicolas. "Du Kitsch au Camp : théories de la culture de masse aux Etats-Unis, 1944-1964." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189960.
Full textRibieras, Amélie. "Le discours socioculturel et les pratiques militantes des conservatrices aux États-Unis. Le cas de Phyllis Schlafly et Eagle Forum." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030048.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the sociocultural discourse as well as the militant activities championed by conservativewomen in the United States, through the specific example of Phyllis Schlafly (1924-2016) and her organization EagleForum. This conservative activist mobilized her peers by drawing from her personal experiences, especially in theRepublican Party, and from ideological principles crafted by the conservative movement. Her personal trajectory,between conformity to social norms and involvement in the political arena, is discussed in parallel with the rise ofconservatism and in the context of the 1960s-70s social protest. In the face of thriving social movements, and more particularly feminism, which advocated women’s liberation, conservative women also resorted to collective action in order to protect what they saw as the traditional family construct, characterized by a strict division of work by sex. In their vision, the man is meant to be the sole breadwinner, ensuring the economic viability of the home, while the woman is a homemaker, taking care of home and children. In 1972, conservative women opposed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which aimed to secure equality between the sexesin the U.S. Constitution. Phyllis Schlafly founded STOP ERA that same year, and Eagle Forum in 1975, in order tospread the conservative message and provide conservative women, often homemakers, with an organization into whichthey could channel their activism. Phyllis Schlafly crafted a strongly antifeminist discourse that opposed the feminists’ intention to liberate women and reform the family, and she advocated for traditional sociocultural norms that she considered beneficial to women. Thanks to appropriate collective action frames, coupled with her ability to manipulate emotions, she was able to spread her ideas throughout the country, especially with the use of her newsletter The Phyllis Schlafly Report.In order to strengthen her organization and insure her legacy, Schlafly also devised collective practices such as emotionalsupport and the construction of memory, thus developing a unique militant culture. She also established herself as anabsolute leader, solely at the forefront of the conservative women’s movement
Moreau, Florence. "Pour une histoire culturelle du magazine "LIFE" dans les années 1950 : mythe, photojournalisme et rhétorique de l'image au service d'une culture visuelle américaine." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070056.
Full textAs a leading 20 Century American photojournalism magazine, Life benefits from a prestigious aura turning it into an iconic entity — in press history, scholars usually refer to Life as a paragon of picture magazine when in the meantime Life plays a part in collective history as a Visual record of 20th Century American society -. The first part of this doctoral dissertation dedicated to examining the historiography of Life, explores the emblematic status held by Life, both on the academic field of press history and American studies. As a mainstream culture artifact, and under the impulsion of the counterculture of the 1960s, Life has largely been criticized for being a conservative media. Due to a dissatisfaction with the ideological critique towards Life — which often reduces the study of its editorial content to political issues — the second part of this work focuses on Life's editorial practices, so as to understand how its news content serves the establishment of a Visual culture, rather than offers a sole political statement. These first two parts are preliminary to the main purpose of this doctoral dissertation, which is to identify and analyze the main stakes that are raised when considering Life as a cultural artifact. Thus, the scope of the third part is to investigate Life's use of photography as means to celebrate and evaluate the cultural references the magazine highlights. The corpus of this investigation is a series of case studies, based on a selection of photo-essays published in Life during the early 1950s, when the magazine reached its golden age, so as to revisit this overrated area
Beynet, Michel. "L'image de l'Amérique dans la culture italienne de l'entre-deux-guerres." Grenoble 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE39025.
Full textThis piece of research aims at defining what America (USA) meant for Italian culture between world war one and world war two, namely, what the way America was interpreted by the Italian indirectly revealed about their culture. It makes an analysis by themes of what the Italian have written about America, its films and its literature, and of the interpretations of America which can be found in Italian literature. Fascism has had only little effect on this image, whereas the presence in America of many ill-integrated Italian immigrants has probably increased misunderstanding of America in Italy; the Italian saw America through its cities - particularly New York and its center Manhattan - but they hardly perceived at all its industrial, democratic and protestant aspects. A symbol of the importance of catholicism and of family in Italian culture, and of the fascination exerted by Hollywood in Italy, the free American woman occupies a place in the Italian image of America. The popularity of American film and of Jack London in Italy means that the Italian were fascinated by an adventurous America, whereas Italian literature is confirmation of the role played by American woman and Italian emigration in the Italian image of America
Fraixe, Catherine. "Art français ou art européen ? : l'histoire de l'art moderne en France : culture, politique et récits historiques, 1900-1960." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0115.
Full textThis thesis studies a series of « histories of modern art », which circulated in France between 1900 and 1960, as a « hypertext» whose transformations can be understood as political reinterpretations of the same question, that is the form of the community they« describe ». Thus in the first half of the XX th Century, those narratives establish complex relations, and sharp distinctions, between «nation» and «Europe », «people» and «elites », «ethnic groups» and «races ». The organicist model the Third Republic favoured around 1900 and which triumphed al the Salon d'Automne would structure during three decades a narrative which referred either to the so-called psychology of the peoples or to the creative power of an elite, which according to the Action française, would save a Western Civilisation rooted in a Latin tradition. At the end of 1920s, the imperialist model of a « French Europe », dear to the maurrassians, coexisted with a narrative stressing the ethnic caracteristics of each « Europeân people ». Ln the early 30s, the political myth of a Latin Civilisation was at last dispeIIed in favour of the biological conception of a « Latin Europe » composed of ethnie groups belonging to the same « racial type ». A new « history of art» was designed to spread ideas similar to those of the diverse European fascisms. The «history of modern art », focused on international avant-gardes expressing the values of the « free world », that American and European groups tried to impose in the early 1950s, would then conflict not only with nationalist representations but also with the supranational, ethno-racial, « European » models of the interwar period
Balenieri, Camille. "L'art de résister : Chauncey Hare, photographe politique aux États-Unis, des années 1950 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H031.
Full textThis dissertation is the first monographic study of Chauncey Hare's work and career. Born in 1934 and based in San Francisco, he is a key figure of American documentary photography. Hare's work combines the heritage of the Farm Security Administration, the influence of counter-culture, a strong artistic impetus and anti-capitalist worldview. His photographic career spans two decades, from the mid-1960 to the mid-1980s, but his success in the art world was short-lived : he achieved recognition with his book Interior America published in 1978, which eventually became a landmark for social documentary photography, but his political stance and activism complicated the institutional reception of his work. This dissertation is based on the study of Chauncey Hare's archives, stored at the Bancroft library (University of California-Berkeley) since 2000, and on a series of interviews conducted with him and other cultural players of the Bay Area. It considers Chauncey Hare's oeuvre in itsbroadest dimension, including his visual work, his texts but also his very existence as form of praxis. This large and diverse body of work is anchored in the text of 1960-70s counter-cultural California in which it was born. Art history and cultural history come together in this dissertation, whose aims are to give a first,precise, descriptive and critical overview of this body of work to deconstruct the myth surrounding the artist and to reintegrate the work in its various networks (institutional, intellectual, social). This dissertation is divided to four chronological parts, which cover Chauncey Hare's entire lifespan to date (1934-2019)
Vary, Véronique. "Interactions entre les romans américains et français et la culture de masse (1929-1981) : un thème commun la grande ville, deux champs d'exploitation Paris, New York." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030101.
Full textSince the nineteenth century, mass cultural production has, together with so-called « recognized » literature, made up a dual system. Variously called popular fiction, leisure and escapist literature or mass-produced literature, it is defined as « the Other ». Yet, what basically characterizes mass cultural production is its being at the centre of a whole, the two elements of which are interdependent. In the post-modern era it questions the very essence of fiction and the concept of literary art. A fact was established and led to the demonstration : mass-culture is linked to the development of « la grande ville ». The latter is made obvious through texts of varied nature and origins : police/detective thrillers (by G. Simenon, L. Malet, J. -P. Manchette, D. Hammett, C. Himes and J. Charyn, six French-writing and American authors chosen as representing the diversity of the genre), and a wide-range of other texts (« serious » or « recognized » novels, films, comic strips, etc. ) - all of them offering an insight into Paris and New York (two examples of the « modern city ») within the years 1930 - 1980. Then it became possible, using a theme-based method, to bring out the similarities and the contrasts between those texts. That is achieved first by means of a « structural » analysis of the rhetorical effects of spaces in a genre the narrative arrangements of which follow strict rules. We can then apply a sociocritical approach, as well as mythocritical focus and psychoanalytical study to examine the ideological polarisation and the reader’s identifying himself to the characters found in texts representative of mass culture
Dupont, Nathalie. "De La guerre des étoiles à La menace fantôme : l'évolution structurelle, conceptuelle et technologique du cinéma américain de 1977 jusqu'à nos jours." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081895.
Full textCras, Pierre. "Archétypes, caricatures et stéréotypes noirs du cinéma d'animation américain du XXe siècle (1907-1975)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA153.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the notions of archetypes, caricatures and stereotypes as well as their application to black characters in twentieth-century American animated films. In 1907, the very first animated film depicting a black character, “Coon”, was screened. “Coon” came from a long tradition of pejorative depictions that targeted African Americans and defined them down as “others” and “inferiors”. The first regular examples of these representations emerged in American comic strips and were drawn by cartoonists who soon became “animators”. A large part of the ideology and physical representations leading to the creation of these characters was inspired by pseudo-scientific theories that sanctioned black people “inferiority”, graphically and ideologically in the name of pseudo-sciences, including first and foremost physiognomy and phrenology, which first gained influence in Europe before reaching the United States. Vaudeville and Blackface Minstrelsy performances – popular shows that lampooned Black people and were performed by white actors in make-up from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1960s – also played a significant role in the creation of black otherness. The black characters in animated films were a reflection of these three cultural influences and remained unchanged until the 1940s. The negative depictions of African Americans in animated films began to evolve slowly when the United States entered World War II. Slow changes were perceptible through the use of bebop music in such films, although the vast majority of those films remained full of caricatures of Black people. Irrevocable changes rose in the post-war period, from old caricatures to new representations. Increasing demands by African Americans for equal rights created an ambiguity between their integrationist aspirations and the remaining visual traces going back to the period of slavery. The gradual legal gains achieved through their fight in the Civil Rights and Black Power movements led to a new televisual and cinematic imagery, which showed more positive sides of Blackness, despite the persistence of a conformist tone, sometimes out of touch with African American reality. The most faithful reflections of African American experience ultimately came from underground animated movies in the 1970s, in which prostitutes and hustlers added to a new social subtext
Ozdoba, Marie-Madeleine. "« Tomorrow’s Life Today ». Le mythe de l’architecture ultra-moderne dans la presse américaine (1947-1964)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0064.
Full textIn the aftermath of the Second World War, in the headlines of the American press, new buildings equipped with curtain walls and air conditioning were presented as a "future already arrived in the present". The media account of the projects of Mies Van der Rohe, S.O.M. or Welton Becket was used for publicity purposes, as a space for future projections for an audience lacking concrete horizons. This thesis questions the place of architecture in a profound reconfiguration of the regime of historicity, in the wake of the unbridled technoscientific imagination that characterized the period – in the same way as the Atomic Age, the Space Age or the Jet Age. Following an anthropological definition of culture as a social production of meaning, the thesis highlights the role of photographers and illustrators, public relations and publishing profesionnals in the success of ultra-modern architecture as a cultural object. The main methodological framework of the project is the description of the context of production and reception of the narrative of ultra-modern architecture in the mainstream press. The analysis combines a consideration of the situations, processes and agents specific to the architectural project and its publicity, with an interpretative apparatus based on the history and theory of arts and images. In the light of its media narrative, ultra-modern architecture appears to be a support for beliefs and aspirations akin to a myth, as much as the technological and rational project claimed by the architects. By weaving together the history of architecture, the history of media narrative, and the history of the relationship to time, this thesis aims to forge a framework for a historiography of myths. The implementation of architectural images in the narrative of the future, which is based on an imaginary of concretization, offers a new prism to revisit the question of the performativity of images, at the heart of the field of visual studies
Jafary, Maziar. "Étude du livre de Daniel Lerner "The passing of traditional society : modernizing the Middle East" et de sa réception par la communauté scientifique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26883.
Full textGrenon, Carole. "L'économie du principe féminin dans l'oeuvre d'Ernest J. Gaines." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030009.
Full textThis thesis studies the principles of the feminine in Ernest J. Gaines’ six novels: Catherine Carmier, Of Love and Dust, A Gathering of Old Men, In My Father’s House, A Lesson Before Dying and The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. It defines the feminine subject and identifies its moral principles. There is a gradual evolution of the feminine in the works of Ernest J. Gaines. From Catherine Carmier to The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, the feminine strengthens itself. In the first novels, the feminine acts out of duty, advocates wisdom, which prevents it from creating things. The feminine gradually reaffirms itself through language and faces the masculine. This work explores the violence of the abnormal construction of the Black self and the strategies of deconstruction of the myth of white supremacy. The analysis of the reconstruction of the self shows a redefinition of genres. The feminine is virilized and feminizes the masculine. Finally, in The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, the feminine becomes militant and activist. The mother of the black community, identifying herself with the female Divine Law of the family, embodies female agency; she raises her sons and teaches them moral principles. The feminine and the masculine function as mirror images of each other; they work to get the recognition of the White man, and they seek to improve themselves. This study highlights the idea of dignity in death, of freedom which asserts itself in negativity
Schütz, Marine. "Entre les lignes : dessin, illustration et pratiques graphiques dans le Pop art (1950-1975)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3104.
Full textBy 1962 with the beginning of Pop art, the iconography of illustration and advertising points the development of an art founded on graphics. Interestingly, the relations between Pop art and drawing allow to follow how the handmade practices reassess the artists’ positions towards mass culture and deal with material issues (such as manual involvement) and the meaning of iconography (counter-culture, return of the figure). Starting from the point that artistic pop economy of art owes its back and forth mouvement between manual and mechanical options to its protagonists’ artistic education, this dissertation opens with the study of drawing’s emergence in a pedagogical context. The study of the relations between drawing and mass culture wouldn’t be fully led without assessing the answer of the artists who involve in the claim for a bigger audience (with a class strategy, an iconography full of mass products and the possibilities of prints). Moreover, not only the graphic works stem from the hand, but pop drawing overwhelms the solely issue of creation processes to exist in an autonomous corpus of works, which doesn’t fall into the finalist schema. This presence points how critical may be the body, through drawing, as an image and as an action. Similary to Claes Oldenburg and David Hockney who oppose a manual tension to the social mechanized expressions – and there lay the double sense of the very notion of involvement which is to be understood in Pop art in the same time on a physical and a political level – the reinvolvement of the body by way of portrait or nude shows its solidarity with the fights in the wake of the sixties, fight for sexual liberation, or women rights
Jacob, François. "La beat generation : à la croisée des chemins de l'art et de la littérature (1944-1975)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10149.
Full textThis study exlpores the relationship between art and the "Beat Generation". It mainly focuses on the plastic works of William S. Burroughs (1914-1997), Jack Kerouac (1922-1969)and en Ginsberg (1926-1997). The field of research covers the period from 1944 to 1975, i.e. from the formation of the Group to the end of the idea of counterculture. The analysis does not limit itself to the description of the back and forth movements between literature and the arts. The "Beat Generation" writers were in fact directly connected to the art of their time and explored all kinds of plastic techniques to express themselves independently from their lierary works. In addressing the adventures of the artistic experience, the three "Beats" were confronted with the notion of "ekphrasis" and obviously prolonged an old legacy through different artistic disciplines like painting, drawing or collage