Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diffusion à la demande'
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Borg, Philippe. "La relation diplôme-emploi : demande de qualifications et diffusion de diplômés." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10049.
Full textThe aim of the research is to develop a reflection on the relationship diploma - job in a context of no- rarity of diploma. Restoring the hypotheses that allow to pass from the role of the diploma to the productivity, the study releases contributions of different theoretical movements but also explores various forms of coordination and regulation of the relationship diploma-job. The relationship is first apprehended in specific and direct manner. The functional analysis of the role of the diploma puts in perspective real theories and informational theories. This specific vision of the relationship is used as framework to the first works of manpower planning but also to some "models of tensions" in which the productive role of education (notably in the case of imperfect market) is reduced. So, the relationship mediatises a component of interactions between age, diploma and job. This second approach allows including the diversity of qualification acquisition modes and enhances the question of substitution and complementarily of competences. On the base of the 82's and 90's French census of the population, the study of the intensity's evolution of the link diploma-job shows clearly a diffusion of the most graduated in a growing number of different professional categories. On the other hand, in some skilled jobs the substitution process between most qualified and less qualified is not always verified. The diffusion of graduates appears, at global level, as largely proportional to initial competence structures of profession. The transformation of these structures appears as relatively independent to the variation of profession size suggesting a relative autonomy of the social education demand with respect to the economy's needs. The "supply effect" emerges as a trend that determines the most of structure variations of competences inside the professions. The empirical analysis has been able also to show the role of the diploma in the job competition, notably by underlying the importance of the bumping down process in the population of 23-30 years but also the progression - beyond the simple "supply effect" - of the level of certificate in some categories of workers and employees. In addition, the analysis shows that the labour market is much less selective for workers categories of intermediate age
JONARD, NICOLAS. "Heterogeneite et structures d'interactions : la diffusion des standards technologiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR1EC07.
Full textThis ph. D. Dissertation is concerned with the general issue of aggregation. Starting from the distribution of agents in a given characteristics space, we aim at drawing conclusions about the collective behaviour of an economy. We adopt a dynamic viewpoint and consider economies where many interacting agents repeatedly choose within a finite set of technological alternatives. A technological standard is a durable good that exhibits increasing returns to adoption (for instance, information technologies, computer standards, etc). The process of adoption and diffusion of technological standards is obviously altered by increasing returns to adoption. Hence, when interaction is local, i. E. Restricted to agents neighborhoods, pay-offs are locally correlated and these interdependencies may impede macroeconomic coordination (selection of the desirable standard). Therefore, the collective behavior of the economy depends on the particular interaction structure the population of agents is endowed with. When interaction is global (as in the standard economic model), technological diversity may result from strong heterogeneity of agents expectations or a priori preferences. It turns out that, in an originally homogeneous world, local interaction, when strong enough, also provokes and sustains heterogeneity at the macroeconomic level. However, when innovation is taken into account, this conclusion may be substantially altered
Calvignac, Cédric. "Qu'offre la demande ? : socio-économie d'une innovation par l'usager." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20018.
Full textProduct and service users often take part to innovation. They are, at varying degrees, involved in design operations that contribute to give birth to new technological devices. For instance, they occasionally reinterpret “scripts” established by professionals for their own use. Adoption of a technological object reclaims its adaptation. Our research aims to determine how users become autoproducers thereby translating their needs by themselves. The rise of the user to the rank of designer leads to rethinking various socioeconomic issues such as the division of labour between amateurs and professionals, the definition of the terms of common framework between community and market, the importance of technical cooperation between these two worlds — which are generally thought to be separated —, and last but not least the social mobility of “hacktivists”. Our study focuses on Western wireless communities. Mainly led by groups of skilful enthusiasts, these communities try to find a way to democratize access to digital services, notably Internet. They have to build their own network infrastructure for that. Wifi activists want to free themselves from the hegemony of companies and intend to provide people with a low-cost citizen service based on a collective governance of technology
Benchaita, Walid. "Stabilisation et optimisation des réseaux de diffusion de contenu." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066593.
Full textToday, many devices are capable to capture full HD videos and use their network connections to access the Internet. The popularization of these devices and continuous efforts to increase network quality has brought a proper environment for the rise of live streaming. Associated with the large scale of Users Generated Content (UGC), live streaming presents new challenges. Content Delivery Networks (CDN)are considered as the potential solution to deliver this rising content volume. Although CDN solutions are progressively integrated with the network infrastructure, they still show technological limitations in dealing with the increasing amount of bandwidth-hungry and demanding applications. In this thesis, the main target of our contributions is request routing, which is a content delivery mechanism that has a key impact on scale and performance of the CDN, as well as on the perceived Quality of Experience (QoE). First, we present a flexible scheme and an optimization algorithm, based on Lyapunov theory, for request routing in CDNs. Our online approach provides a stable quality of service to clients, while improving content delivery delays. It also reduces data transport costs for operators and outperforms existing techniques in terms of peak traffic management.Second, to overcome the limitations of the redirection mechanism used in current request routing solutions, we introduce a new approach to content delivery incorporating Information-Centric Networking (ICN) principles without requiring any change in the underlying network. This solution improves content delivery performance and enables the implementation of cost efficient request routing strategies
Chavira-Martinez, Dubhe. "Schéma de codage vidéo orienté-textures : une approche robuste et scalable pour la diffusion sur réseaux." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10041.
Full textHaury, Jean-Marc. "Comportement stratégique des entreprises et diffusion de systèmes de production toujours plus propres." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010043.
Full textThis thesis explains the difficulties for "clean goods" to enter markets from the industrial economics view. An approach is then proposed to overcome the obstacles. Two barriers to the entry of clean goods on markets are emphasized : price competition and imperfect information. Price competition excludes clean goods from the market, because they require costly investments to reach the standards of their clean characteristics. Asymmetric information leads to a process of adverse selection, that exclude real "clean goods" to the benefit of "classical goods" or false "clean goods". Clean goods are "credence goods", therefore their characteristics are often ill-perceived by consumers. In addition, consumers are frequently mislead by sellers presenting goods as clean when they are not real clean goods. After this diagnosis, the restauration of a credible information appears as a critical point of the spreading of clean of goods on the markets. The supplying company must fully play its part. Lancaster's demand theory, which is particularly appropriate in this approach in terms of the characteristics of clean goods, shows the importance of consumer's behaviour and firms' strategies. In order to by-pass the price competition barrier to enter the market, the firm must choose a specific differentiation strategy. The economical characteristics of clean goods lead to consider their differentiation as objective (or real), but simultancously subjective. It is also horizontal, anf informative. In order to succeed in this strategy, the firm has to commit itself irrevocably and set its reputation at stake. It needs to start a massive communication policy, based on standardized and dynamic life-cycle analysis. Institutions have a major part to play, by updating the legislation to the present environmental problems (generalization of objective responsability, creation of environment courts), and by creating environment audit firms, able to certify clean characteristics of goods
Anberrée, Alice. "Transformations du rapport offre-demande dans les organisations publiques et parapubliques de diffusion culturelle : le rôle de la participation des publics." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4018.
Full textBenchaita, Walid. "Stabilisation et optimisation des réseaux de diffusion de contenu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066593.
Full textToday, many devices are capable to capture full HD videos and use their network connections to access the Internet. The popularization of these devices and continuous efforts to increase network quality has brought a proper environment for the rise of live streaming. Associated with the large scale of Users Generated Content (UGC), live streaming presents new challenges. Content Delivery Networks (CDN)are considered as the potential solution to deliver this rising content volume. Although CDN solutions are progressively integrated with the network infrastructure, they still show technological limitations in dealing with the increasing amount of bandwidth-hungry and demanding applications. In this thesis, the main target of our contributions is request routing, which is a content delivery mechanism that has a key impact on scale and performance of the CDN, as well as on the perceived Quality of Experience (QoE). First, we present a flexible scheme and an optimization algorithm, based on Lyapunov theory, for request routing in CDNs. Our online approach provides a stable quality of service to clients, while improving content delivery delays. It also reduces data transport costs for operators and outperforms existing techniques in terms of peak traffic management.Second, to overcome the limitations of the redirection mechanism used in current request routing solutions, we introduce a new approach to content delivery incorporating Information-Centric Networking (ICN) principles without requiring any change in the underlying network. This solution improves content delivery performance and enables the implementation of cost efficient request routing strategies
Mappes-Debus, Micheline. "L'éducation artistique et culturelle au lycée, demande réelle ou symbolique du lycéen : territoire, académie de Strasbourg." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20008.
Full textWhen I was a teacher the question was "why don't they want to work ? "Now I am a counsellor for artistic education and the question is "why don't they want to participate ?" Teenagers just say no - Can we force them and make up for them, against them, their cultural happiness ?
Grindley, Peter Conrad. "A strategic analysis of the diffusion of innovations : theory and evidence." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308388.
Full textOlinde, Lindsay. "Sediment Oxygen Demand Kinetics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42437.
Full textMaster of Science
Guérard, Guillaume. "Optimisation de la diffusion de l'énergie dans les smarts-grids." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0049/document.
Full textCurrent technological systems include a societal component due to the impact of users.These complex systems contain numerous sub-systems which actors have conflicting evenantagonist objectives.Considered as the evolution of the current Power Grid, the Smart Grid is a perfectexample of complex system. This term refers to an electrical optimized network integratingthe behavior and actions of users (generators, consumers, consumactors, etc.).These Power Grid’s upgrades aim to improve quality and security, to reduce environmentalimpact. But current simulations are done on a specific technology and with alimited evolution.Challenges of Smart Grid are related firstly to the heterogeneity of actors with differentinterests and secondly to a spatial and temporal multiscale complexity. Smart Gridactors are in a competitive access to a shared resource. For example, consumers expressenergy requirements with minimal cost while producers have to manage consumption,peaks and to maximize their profits. Dynamics behaviors and relations between entitiesare difficult to model. External and internal pressures as energy pricing, energy losses orthe erratic production of renewable energies influence on the structure, the organizationand the behavior of the subsystems and the overall system. Moreover, a bad managementcauses various structural problems like brownout, blackout, or partial failures.We propose an integrative model to solve the Smart Grid: each component of ourmodel allows to consider one aspect of the grid and it is their intricacy that achieves anefficient modeling. Relations between entities take into account the complex dynamicsand an overall supervisor allows network monitoring to detect critical thresholds or toplan consumption schemes. However, the model is impossible to apprehend like this anddifferent scenarios test the influence of parameters, calibrate algorithms and adjust globaland local monitoring for a specific case. We also propose some theories to enhance thestructural model, to integrate dynamic pricing or to help to calibrate by a mathematicalapproach of the global problem
Orozco, Torrentera Julio Enrique. "Gestion de la qualité de service des flux multimédias dans un Internet à différenciation de services." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN10036.
Full textMazière, Christelle. "La transmission du patrimoine par l’enseignement des arts." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0002/document.
Full textResearch has focused on the role of the arts in an inventory of educational practices through primary school, following the introduction of the teaching of Art History in 2008, and also considered the issue of social demand. The objective of the research was in first to identify teachers' practices in the field of arts education, and also to understand how this course contributes to the transmission of cultural heritage in schools. The research builds on both a survey of an academy, with teachers and parents, and on observations of teaching. In a first part, we observe how arts education was structured through legislative changes and influences that have led to its definition today. The official texts attest to a willingness to democratize art through the school system by teachers' practices. From the definition of arts education which is now based on the teaching of art history, cultural practices of class and artistic workshops, research has also examined the relationship between the teaching and the notion of cultural heritage. The second part focused on the cultural practices of families from a sample of parents, and social demand, that is to say, the expectations of parents toward school and tried to answer the question of the role of the educational institution in the transmission of cultural heritage and its implications in the context of a multicultural society. Thus, instead of arts education today seems to be unanimous among players, but the fight has moved to the grounds of the issue of equality. That's what mapping analysis (ArcGIS) helped bring to light. Finally, we reported on the teaching practices observed in the field observations. If this research has allowed one hand to identify the practices of teachers, resources and practices that they mobilize in their class, the lower bound or upper bound factors practices, on the other hand it will help identify actors interacting in the context of the observed object and for which we have developed for the purpose of analysis and reading the theory of educational stakeholders to develop a comprehensive approach to the object
Nath, Vivin. "Understanding technology diffusion and market adoption through modeling : implications on strategy for demand-side energy firms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76506.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-119).
Deregulation shaping the Electricity industry across the world is a systems challenge cutting across interdisciplinary fields of technology, economics, public policy, environment and sociology. Decision makers that shape tomorrow's policy and investors that invest in financial and technological developments in this industry need to rely on multiple decision models to make informed decisions. This thesis serves to provide one such decision model among many that could be used to understand the key dynamics shaping a highly complex industry. We employ "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches to build system dynamics model in an attempt to distinguish between adoption and diffusion phenomenon, as a result benefiting from hybrid modeling techniques that combine structures from both models. The models are evaluated with wide range of scenarios to arrive at policy guidance and business model recommendations. The dynamic hypothesis arising from our system dynamics model points to declining marginal profits in a saturating market coupled with proliferation of competitors, over-estimation of demand and diminishing margins for Curtailment Service Providers (CSPs) in the long run. We propose recommendations to surmount these challenges. To tap the smaller commercial and residential markets, CSPs must extend its reach by partnering with composite channel partners, who in the long run could also play a vital role in demand generation. In the face of commoditization and disruptive innovations, CSPs would not be able to sustain their margins just by aggregating demand response (DR) capacity, they would need to reinvent themselves to become energy management firms providing integrated, automated turnkey energy services including energy efficiency services, risk management, planning, sourcing along with providing DR services. Taking a systems approach in evaluating demand-side technology, we further investigate environmental implications of DR by characterizing the carbon savings from DR. Our analyses revealed that the carbon savings from DR triggered load curtailment when calculated using system wide carbon intensities differ substantially from those calculated with locational carbon intensities. Locational carbon intensity captures the location and time-specific dynamics of electricity demand. We, therefore, recommend it is a better metric for evaluating total carbon savings from load curtailment, which could be used to devise carbon abatement policies and structure the electricity market design rules. Furthermore, adding a carbon price to the marginal cost equation could change the dispatch order of plants and thus align carbon abatement policies with load reduction schemes.
by Vivin Nath.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
Elakanti, Ranjith Reddy, and Rajaneesh Kumar Singh. "Sustainability and Diffusion of SolarThermal Technology : A case study on brewery and mining industries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448042.
Full textBastin, Andreas, and Henrik Wibom. "Utvecklingen av ett föråldrat medielandskap." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243259.
Full textZhang, Cen. "Modelling the Demand Evolution of New Shared Mobility Services." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242485.
Full textSanchez, Velasquez Camilo. "Conception rationnelle d'un revêtement antimicrobien contrôlable basé sur des réseaux de nanofils d'argent : Une étude combinée de la science des matériaux et du marketing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI040.
Full textRelease-based antimicrobial coatings have been intensively investigated due to their potential to prevent bacterial infections via contaminated surfaces. However, owing to their uncontrollable burst release profile of antimicrobial payloads, their action may cause systemic toxicity in human cells and the environment, as well as rapid depletion of the antimicrobial pre-loaded compounds until the released quantities drop below bacterial sub-inhibitory concentrations, translating into poor biocidal activity over time. These limitations hinder their widespread application and emphasize the need for engineering strategies to develop novel antimicrobial coatings that incorporate controllable release systems. One way to address these shortcomings is with the development of on-demand triggered release systems. These platforms incorporate a stimulus-responsive material that undergoes morphological changes in response to specific stimuli allowing subsequent controllable release of antimicrobial payloads.This study primarily focuses on developing a comprehensive, step-by-step, rational design of a Joule-heating-triggered on-demand silver release platform based on coated silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. We present, for the first time, the use of these sorts of systems as stimuli-responsive materials, taking advantage of the network degradation pathways via silver atom diffusion from the nanowire surface when subjected to electrical or thermal stress. Here, the release of silver induced by Joule heating serves as an antimicrobial agent for on-demand controlled antimicrobial activity. In addition, we propose the use of a multilayer architecture as a configurational design for AgNW-based antimicrobial coatings with the aim of fabricating a multifunctional antimicrobial platform. This architecture enables the incorporation of a heat-based release trigger and storage capabilities within a unified all-in-one platform. A first demonstration of the concept is presented where a stable AgNW network is used as a heater element, and a sacrificial AgNW network serves as an Ag atom reservoir.Nevertheless, although current advances in nanotechnology open up new opportunities for engineering novel antimicrobial platforms aimed at preventing and inhibiting bacteria growth, nanotechnology-based applications are often perceived by consumers as risky for health and associated with high rates of uncertainty, hindering acceptance and adoption. Concerns about uncontrolled use may lead to negative mental representations and associations among users, shaping their response to such technology. Therefore, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the consumer decision-making process and individual information processing toward nanomaterials-based antimicrobial applications.On this basis, in order to get an in-depth understanding of individuals' behavioural intentions towards nanotechnology-based innovations integrating antimicrobial features, either controllable or not controllable, this work develops an original and comprehensive conceptual framework based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), but integrating more holistic and cognitive considerations and variables. Through this multifaceted model, the study aims to elucidate insight about the interplay of individual mental activity, in terms of mental imagery and memory associations, and the main variables of technology acceptance from TAM (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use)
Gravouniotis, Paraskevas. "Seasonal power peaking and the diffusion of demand-side technologies : modelling socio-economic & technical dynamics in the Greek Islands." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12033.
Full textFaissol, Daniel Mello. "Technology adoption and inequality." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22710.
Full textZerrar, Corinne Thanina. "La demande d'assurance dépendance." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED051/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at better understanding long-term care insurance puzzle. Three determinants of the long-term care insurance market low development are studied here: individual preferences, self-insurance and myopia. To do so, we use two surveys that have introduced dependency-specific modules: “Preferences and patrimony against time and risk” and “Health Care and Insurance”. The results highlight the role of these three determinants of long-term care insurance demand in the low development of the market. If myopia advocate for a government intervention in French citizens long-term care planning, the impact of individual preference and self-insurance behaviors suggest that the nonpurchase of long-term care policies is economically rational
Ozkaya, Evren. "Demand management in global supply chains." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26617.
Full textCommittee Chair: Keskinocak, Pinar; Committee Co-Chair: Vande Vate, John; Committee Member: Ferguson, Mark; Committee Member: Griffin, Paul; Committee Member: Swann, Julie. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Boujelbene, Younès. "Les modèles dynamiques de demande : théorie et application à la demande d'énergie en France." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090013.
Full textBoujelbene, Younès. "Les Modèles dynamiques de demande théorie et application à la demande d'énergie en France /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612173j.
Full textLEMONDE, GUILLAUME. "Demande d'euthanasie : quels reperes ethiques ?" Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M343.
Full textDe, Vreyer Philippe. "Essais sur la demande d'education." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0070.
Full textThe dissertation is a collection of four essays. Essays number one to three are concerned with individual and household demand for education in developing countries. First comes a literature survey where it is shown that existing works on this topic are a poor guide to the conception of economic policies. Difficulties are (partly) identified in the misrepresentation of household level decisions and the omission of incertainty in the estimated models. Then come two econometric analysis of demand for education in ivory coast. First an individual decision making model is exposed that combines structural modelization and econometric estimation based on a polychotomous ordered probit. Estimation results are then used for simulating five mesures of economic policy. Essay number three presents a dynamic discrete choice model of household decision making. Effects of uncertainty on demand for education are explicitely modelized. Estimation is based on a discrete choice model and includes endogeneization of specific variables, elements of heterogeneity and a discussion deduced from the constraints of economic theory. The last essay is concerned with heterogeneity and agregation in models of demand for labor. This problem is largely ignored in the existing literature on this topic and after showing the restrictions induced by current practice, adoption of a method taken form deaton is proposed and illustrated
Spires, Jessica Rose. "Model analysis of oxygen transport and metabolism in skeletal muscle: responses to a change in energy demand." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1365177364.
Full textBonnel, Patrick. "Prévision de la demande de transport." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268919.
Full textCette réflexion sur les outils (analyse des comportements, méthode de production de données, modélisation) a été complétée par une analyse des politiques de déplacements urbains. Elle a été conduite notamment à travers une comparaison des politiques de déplacements urbains menées dans plusieurs agglomérations européennes.
Ce rapport d'habilitation permet de clarifier et d'expliciter ces différentes dimensions développées tout à la fois au niveau de l'activité de recherche et au niveau de l'activité d'enseignement. Il constitue à ce titre un apport original qui devrait servir de base à la publication d'un manuel de prévision de la demande de transport, occupant ainsi un espace plutôt délaissé au sein des publications de langue française.
Larribeau-Nori, Sophie. "Microéconométrie de la demande de téléphone." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10004.
Full textThis thesis proposes an original strategy of specification of micreoconometric models characterised firstly by the closness between the apporximate model and the true model, based on the comparaison of the partial derivaties, and secondly by the inspection of the distribution of the explanatory variables. Moreover, the households demand of access and telephone service is examined; the individual behaviour of franch households and the diffusion of the aggregate access demans in spain are specifically analysed
Prüm, André. "L'autonomie des garanties à première demande." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10006.
Full textThe study analyses the independance of guarantees on first demand under french and comparative law. This new type of guarantee has been thought out by the operators of international trade and is promised today a large development. The papers describes the multiple applications for which independant guarantees bonds or stand-by letters of credit are used. The basis, the source and the various expressions of the autonomy of the guarantees are examinated. The mechanism of counter-guarantees, sydicated engagements, and other pools of guarantees are also studied. A detailed analyses is proposed on the regime implied by the independance of the guarantees and the consequences of such independance from the underlying transactions. The limits of the autonomy of the guarantees are defined and the circumstances under which the payment called for the beneficiary may be refused
Ratsimalahelo, Zaka. "La demande d'investissement avec coûts d'ajustement." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOE001.
Full textThe pontryagin maximum principle is the adequate method for dynamic optimization problems. In the neoclassical theory of investment modified, the adjustment costs allow to suppress a certain dichotomy in lifting the hypothesis of independance of the definition desired capital stock and the process of adjustment of the production capacity realised and the production capacity desired. We take into account in the model the theories of intertemporal disequilibrium and of rational expectations. Other theories of investment : keynes's marginal efficiency of capital and tobin's "q" can fit into an adjustment costs model. We show the advantage of state space for econometric dynamic models and time series. In the rationnal expectations model we show the milits of the wiener-kolmogorov filter approach used by sargent and hansen and of the classical method of wittle used by nerlove, grether and carvalho. We use a time approach to generalize the models of nerlove and abel and blanchard. The application concerns french companies during the period 1970-1988. The results show the persistent role of the profit rate in the explanation of the variation of investment rate
Castro, de Andrade Rafael. "Synthèse de réseau à demande incertaine." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132022.
Full textTCHIKANGWA, MAURICE. "L'evolution de la demande d'energie au cameroun. Essai d'application des modeles de demande au cas du cameroun." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA122010.
Full textMossier, Jean-Luc. "Calorimétrie de systèmes à forte demande d'oxygène /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=751.
Full textZerhat, Pierre, and Maurice Gizardin. "Demande de réparation civile d’un préjudice médical." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA084223.
Full textThe aim of our study is to know, about victims of a medical prejudice: What is their social and economic status ? What kind of relationships do they have with other actors (healthcare professionals, jurists, magistrates, experts,. . . ) How do the environmental factors intervene in the origin of the damage? The Means : Datamining of a database including more than 400 demands of civil repair for medical préjudices The Results :The study shows how various the definition of “victim” can be in the actual social evolution. Medicalisation is one of the main characteristics of this evolution. Concerning the problems described in this thesis about the demand of civil repair for a medical prejudice, the authors suggest as a solution the creation of a court specialised in healthcare litigations. This court would include both professional judges and judges who are healthcare professionals. The latters would be elected by their peers through the Ordres and other professionnal organisations
Roy, Nathalie. "Demande effective et équilibre de sous-emploi." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE005.
Full textThe principle of effective demand was introduced by J. M Keynes as a device to explain unemployment equilibrium. However, this principle should be valid in all cases and especially in the "classical case". But, to apply effective demand to the neo-classical framework one needs to introduce a concept of "potential demand" to account for the determination of full employment equilibrium satisfactorily. This new formulation reacts on the understanding of the principle of effective demand; it leads to a unification of the concept of aggregate demand price avoiding the co-existence of two alternative definitions, contrary to Keynes and his commentators. This approach allows to point out the deficiencies of the behavioural explications of unemployment, particularly, the influence of psychological propensions. Nevertheless, two principles in Keynes's thought must be maintained for a structural analysis of effective demand shortage: the insufficiency of expected profits and investment beyond a certain level of activity. Once Keynes's explanations have been discarded, it appears more clearly that an analysis of capital accumulation is a pre-condition for a structural analysis of unemployment. If the evolution of the rate of profit is governed by structural malfunctions whereas the interest rates are determined by supply and demand of funds, the marginal efficiency of capital and the interest rates could follow separate paths. To maintain their profitability, firms will therefore turn towards financial markets and abandon investment projects thus reducing their demand for labour
MUNOZ, RAMIREZ GRACIELA. "Approche cinetique de la demande en ozone." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10213.
Full textGuelmbaye, Ngarsandje. "Prévision de la demande d'essence au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25910.
Full textCampos, Denise Teles Freire. "Le versant fétichiste de la demande d'enfant." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10021.
Full textDadas, Azzedine. "Demande intérieure, croissance et spécialisations : comparaisons internationales." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL12005.
Full textAdaptation to world's demand jeopardizes employment, production, and trade balance and weakens at a structural level the adjustment of the national production to the domestic demand. The risks, measurable or not, of a market gap policy proves that this adjustment commands the grades of international competitiveness and that the basis of the specialization mecanism is to be found in the growth prospects of the domestic demand. It is thus in the competitiveness restructuration and in the development of one's own domestic demand that economy will find the keys of the required growth. The specialization policy appears thus first as an industrial policy and then as a commercial one and its aim is to maintain, or even recreate, the conditions of a good productive system. Recovery thanks to investments reveales very advantageous for industrial redeployment if these investments are turned towards new technologies and towards an increase in productivity. Efforts must thus be concentrated as well on the human and financial capacities of the firms as on the quality of the technologies to which they have access according to the growth prospects of the national demand which makes intervene profitability and outlets correlatively
Dadas, Azzedine. "Demande intérieure, croissance et spécialisations comparaisons internationales." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596913b.
Full textMonardo, Julien. "Essais sur l'estimation structurelle de la demande." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN042/document.
Full textEstimation of structural demand models in differentiated product markets plays an important role in economics. It allows to better understand consumers’ choices and, amongst other, to assess the effects of mergers, new products, and changes in regulation. The standard approach consists in specifying a utility model, typically an additive random utility model, computing its demands, and inverting them to obtain inverse demand equations, which will serve as a basis for estimation. However, since these inverse demands have generally no closed form, estimation requires numerical inversion and non-linear optimization, which can be painful and time-consuming. This dissertation adopts a different approach, developing novel inverse demand models, which are consistent with a utility model of heterogeneous consumers. This approach allows to accommodate rich substitution patterns thanks to simple linear regressions with data on market shares, prices and product characteristics. The first chapter of this dissertation develops the inverse product differentiation logit (IPDL) model, which generalizes the nested logit models to allow for richer substitution patterns, including complementarity. It also shows that the IPDL model belongs to the class of generalized inverse logit (GIL) models, which includes a vast majority of additive random utility models that have been used for demand estimation purposes. The second chapter develops the flexible inverse logit (FIL) model, a GIL model that uses a flexible nesting structure with a nest for each pair of products. It shows that the FIL model, projected into product characteristics space, makes the price elasticities depending on product characteristics directly and, using Monte Carlo simulations, that it is able to mimic those from the "flexible" random coefficient logit model. The third chapter studies the micro-foundation of the GIL model. It shows that the restrictions that the GIL model imposes on the inverse demand function are necessary and sufficient for consistency with a model of heterogeneous and utility-maximizing consumers, called perturbed utility model. It also shows that any GIL model yields a demand function that satisfies a slight variant of the Daly-Zachary conditions, which allows to combine substitutability and complementarity in demand
Izydorczyk, Lucas. "Probabilistic backward McKean numerical methods for PDEs and one application to energy management." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAE008.
Full textThis thesis concerns McKean Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) to representpossibly non-linear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Those depend not onlyon the time and position of a given particle, but also on its probability law. In particular, we treat the unusual case of Fokker-Planck type PDEs with prescribed final data. We discuss existence and uniqueness for those equations and provide a probabilistic representation in the form of McKean type equation, whose unique solution corresponds to the time-reversal dynamics of a diffusion process.We introduce the notion of fully backward representation of a semilinear PDE: thatconsists in fact in the coupling of a classical Backward SDE with an underlying processevolving backwardly in time. We also discuss an application to the representationof Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation (HJB) in stochastic control. Based on this, we propose a Monte-Carlo algorithm to solve some control problems which has advantages in terms of computational efficiency and memory whencompared to traditional forward-backward approaches. We apply this method in the context of demand side management problems occurring in power systems. Finally, we survey the use of generalized McKean SDEs to represent non-linear and non-conservative extensions of Fokker-Planck type PDEs
Auboin, Marc. "Le processus international d'innovation financière et son impact sur la politique monétaire de la France, de la Grande-Bretagne et des Etats-Unis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0011.
Full textThis research aims at presenting clear analytical, theoretical and empirical evidences showing that innovations in international banking have played a dominant role in the recent instabilities of money functions throughout OECD countries and have rendered more difficult the control of monetary aggregates. We are therefore discussing the accuracy of monetarist theories in a changing financial world
De, Meulemeester Jean Luc. "Analyse économique de la demande d'enseignement supérieur universitaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212503.
Full textGhadban, Socrat. "Le taux de change et la demande touristique." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937271.
Full textBois, Hugo. "Modélisation et prospective de la demande de mobilité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100100/document.
Full textToday, mostly in developed countries, we are moving from ownership to usership and therefore from transport to mobility. Mobility is at the heart of people's lives and structure; it is also a source of positive externalities (economic activity, time saving, geographical accessibility) but also negative about the environment (local pollution, greenhouse gases), the social (mobility inequalities) and the economy (loss of time in congestion). It is therefore necessary to analyse the impact on public expectations of public policies aimed at reducing negative externalities.This thesis is financed by PSA Group and aims to study the mobility demand through the construction of modal preferences. In this aim, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to analyze the importance of the attributes characterizing transportation modes and the perceptions of these attributes for each transportation modes. An econometric treatment is then carried out concerning attitudes and perceptions and different models are compared with and without accessibility constraints. Finally, a carbon tax is introduced into our model through a shock of short-term perceptions to analyze changes in modal preferences. A new transportation mode is also introduced. The combination of these two elements is then analyzed in terms of modal shares and CO2 emissions. The analytic framework constructed allow us to simulate changes in a longer term. In other words, it allows to model the impact of prospective scenarios on modal preferences. This model was delivered to the PSA Group to refine the construction of its prospective scenarios as well as their knowledge about mobility demand.The main result are the followings. A carbon tax which is high enough must be introduced to have a significant and positive impact on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction from travel. At the same time, a new transportation mode defined between the bicycle and the small electric vehicle implies an increase in satisfaction of individuals. To be brief, if the objective is to reduce CO2 emissions from transports while maximizing the satisfaction of individuals, our model tells us that a relatively high carbon tax stimulate innovation and thus allows new transportation modes to emerge that are cleaner and better fitted to individuals expectations
Guillot, Olivier. "La demande de logement : une analyse micro-économique." Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN20005.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify the main economic determinants of housing demand. In the first part of this work, microeconomic theory is used to analyze the demand for housing services and the choice between renting and owning a home ; in the second part, two econometric models of housing tenure choice (a limited dependent variable model and a hazard rate model) are specified and tested on French micro-level data
Peyre, Nathalie. "Analyse de la demande résidentielle d'énergie des ménages." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10036.
Full textThis work consists of an estimation and analysis of a probabilistic model and of reduced demand models of a stochastic utility. These models enable the comprehension and the quantification of existing relations between the choice of a heating system by the household and its energy demand. In order to analyse the different levels of energy expenditure between households these estimations have been based on individual data coming from the database "budget des familles 1984 85", INSEE. The estimation of probabilistic marginal model parameters as well as those of conditional expenditure models has enabled to prove the evidence of phenomena resulting from individual household or housing characteristics. Estimations determined in the frame of the probabilistic level of a choice of a heating system redraw the history of fuels from the 40's up to today. A trend towards organised systems can be seen, with a significant preference for gas network and electricity. For the estimation of the conditional models of energy demand the impact of the housing insulated is quantified as well as of the average external temperatures during the heating months (October-May). A disparate link on the various equipments is shown with the surface