Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diffraction et réflectivité des rayons X'
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Rieutord, François. "Réflectivité et diffraction des rayons X appliquées aux films minces organiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112384.
Full textFernandes, Paulo. "Nouvelles études structurales de cristaux liquides par réflectivité et diffraction résonante des rayons X." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265389.
Full textGaudin, Zineb. "Etude des films de Langmuir de copolymères PS-b-PAA et formation de nanostructures inorganiques par réduction des ions argent à leur voisinage." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066143/document.
Full textWe studied the copolymer PS-b-PAA Langmuir films and the formation of non-organic nanostructures by reduction of silver ions Ag+ in their neighborhood. On the one hand, we have precisely determined the structure of these copolymers at the air-water interface for different pH with many complementary techniques (isothermal, ?-A, neutron reflectivity, grazing-incidence x-ray scattering). This study proved that the classic interpretation of these isotherms should be reconsidered and we emphasized the major role played by the spreading solvent. This (solvent) is partially absorbed by the surface after the deposit and the mixed copolymer-solvent monolayer is created by the surface nanostructure. These nanostructures have a well-defined typical size. When the PAA chains are neutral, the pseudo-surface observed on the isotherms correspond to the reversible expulsion of the solvent to a subphase which induces a reorganization of the nanostructures. In the case of charged PPA chains, the isotherm does not show the flat surface. This is due to the electrostatic repulsion between these chains. The compression of the film induces the ?dive? of a part of the monolayer ? copolymer and solvent ? towards the volume. On the other hand, we studied the behavior of these charged copolymer films in the presence of silver ions Ag+ in the before and after reduction. We showed that the presence of ions Ag+ ions induces the collapse of the PAA chains at the interface. The ions reduction by surface x-rays radiolysis produces silver colloids following a ?bi-continuous? 2D structure with a typical length scale. However, the photo-chemical reduction does not seem to produce homogenous and dense layers of colloids
Gaudin, Zineb. "Etude des films de Langmuir de copolymères PS-b-PAA et formation de nanostructures inorganiques par réduction des ions argent à leur voisinage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066143.pdf.
Full textWe studied the copolymer PS-b-PAA Langmuir films and the formation of non-organic nanostructures by reduction of silver ions Ag+ in their neighborhood. On the one hand, we have precisely determined the structure of these copolymers at the air-water interface for different pH with many complementary techniques (isothermal, ?-A, neutron reflectivity, grazing-incidence x-ray scattering). This study proved that the classic interpretation of these isotherms should be reconsidered and we emphasized the major role played by the spreading solvent. This (solvent) is partially absorbed by the surface after the deposit and the mixed copolymer-solvent monolayer is created by the surface nanostructure. These nanostructures have a well-defined typical size. When the PAA chains are neutral, the pseudo-surface observed on the isotherms correspond to the reversible expulsion of the solvent to a subphase which induces a reorganization of the nanostructures. In the case of charged PPA chains, the isotherm does not show the flat surface. This is due to the electrostatic repulsion between these chains. The compression of the film induces the ?dive? of a part of the monolayer ? copolymer and solvent ? towards the volume. On the other hand, we studied the behavior of these charged copolymer films in the presence of silver ions Ag+ in the before and after reduction. We showed that the presence of ions Ag+ ions induces the collapse of the PAA chains at the interface. The ions reduction by surface x-rays radiolysis produces silver colloids following a ?bi-continuous? 2D structure with a typical length scale. However, the photo-chemical reduction does not seem to produce homogenous and dense layers of colloids
Mikulik, Petr. "Réflectivité des rayons X par des multicouches planaires et structurées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10056.
Full textRego, Tomas. "Thermodynamical and structural properties of alcohol diacetylenes Langmuir." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS178.
Full textDiacetylenes (DA), specially 10,12-Pentacosadyonic acid, have been extensively studied due to their interesting structural, spectral, and optoelectronic features. In particular, their unique colorimetric and fluorescent transition of PDAs in response to different external stimuli makes them a novel class of sensing materials, and numerous applications of PDAs as bio- or chemosensors, generally using vesicles, have been explored. In order to improve sensibility of these sensors, we propose a monolayer-thin sensor. For this we synthesized and studied a novel DA family, denominated by 13-nOH (n =2,3,4,6,8,9), using smaller aliphatic chains and an alcohol head. Comparatively to the very used PCDA, these molecules are less reactive, but, opposed to PCDA, they are stable as a monolayer at water interface. We thoroughly study the interfacial properties and structure of these molecules using Langmuir techniques accompanied by microscopy probing techniques, such as Brewster-angle microscopy (BAM), Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and X-Ray techniques such as grazing-incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and X-Ray Reflectivity, while reactivity has been studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy. A very dissimilar behavior has been observed between these molecules, varying highly with n. Particularly, 13-4OH has shown a behavior that to our knowledge has yet to be observed in 2D monolayers, disorganizing when compressed. Adding to this study, MD simulations have been performed, replicating the Langmuir studies, in order to get a thorough look on the structure evolution. Due to the inexistence of forcefields for acetylenes and di-acetylenes, this had to be parameterized and was done using a linear model based on an extensive number of simulations in order to predict the correct parameters. Finally, the potential of nanometer thin PCDA layers as sensors was tested by characterizing the radiosensitization effect of AuNp and their potential in cancer treatment. To do this, multiple types of samples, prepared using electron-beam lithography, spincoating and Langmuir-transfer have been studied and although, we were not able to quantitively characterize the effect, an effective model of study has been engineered
Jal, Emmanuelle. "Réflectivité magnétique résonante de rayons X mous : une sonde de la distribution d'aimantation complexe au sein de films minces." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952868.
Full textRieutord, François. "Réflectivité et diffraction des rayons X appliquées aux films minces organiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376093669.
Full textBrotons, Guillaume. "Applicabilité de la réflectivité de neutrons et rayons-x à l'étude de films minces de polymères nanocomposites." Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA1024.pdf.
Full textSusini, Jean. "Miroirs multicouches interférentiels semi-transparents pour les rayonnements X et X-UV : modélisation, caractérisation et applications /." Saclay : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36204715g.
Full textValot, Carole. "Diffraction des rayons x et microstructure en domaines ferroélectriques : cas de BaTiO3." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS052.
Full textBoulle, Alexandre. "Diffraction des rayons X sur couches d'oxydes épitaxiées : Elaboration et analyse microstructurale." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0040.
Full textThis work deals with microstructural analysis in oxide epitaxial layers. Specific acquisition methods have been developed, such as the so-called reciprocal space mapping technique. Experiments have been carried out on a home made diffractometer devoted to the study of nanostructured materials. This set-up allows very fast reciprocal space map acquisitions (e. G. A few tens of minutes) in a high resolution mode. The two-dimensional instrumental profile has been calculated taking into account each optical element in the beam path : the X-ray source, the four-bounce monochromator, the sample and the curved position sensitive detector. This study showed that the instrumental broadening can be as low as a few thousandth of degrees in most of the scanning modes. Two oxide systems have been investigated. The first one is the ferroelectric material SrBi2Nb2O9 deposited onto SrTiO3 by sol-gel coating. Integral breadth as well as Fourier analysis of the diffraction profiles showed that the samples contain stacking faults located along the c-axis. The microstructural analysis of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 thin films deposited onto Al2O3 by sol-gel coating has been undertaken by profile modeling into several directions of reciprocal space taking into account physical parameters (the instrument and the microstructure). A peculiar epitaxial growth mechanism and a void/matter phase separation have been evidenced. Additionally it is shown that the layers are highly strained, and strain relaxation probably occurs by the introduction of misfit dislocations
Seve, Laurent. "Diffraction magnétique résonante des rayons X : applications aux multicouches et films minces." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10230.
Full textAbboud, Mohamed. "Nouvelles bipyridines polyhalogénées : synthèse, fonctionnalisation et caractérisation par diffraction des rayons X." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10003/document.
Full textWe have developed a simple and original procedure for the synthesis of halogenated 4,4'-bipyridines based on the lithiation of halopyridines. The mechanism of the reaction has been studied by isolation and characterization of several byproducts. The methodology was then applied to the formation of several 4,4'-bipyridines bearing chlorine, bromine, and even iodine. In some cases we could isolate bipyridines having 3,4' and 2,4' connectivity. Some 4,4'-bipyridine have been functionalized by Suzuki cross-coupling and Buchwald-Hartwig double amination. Most representative products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and showed specific halogen interactions
Abkhar, Zahra. "Etude structurale par diffraction des rayons X de quatre diphosphonates et de deux spirophosphoranes." Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA132018.
Full textCastagnos, Anne-Marie. "Les relaxeurs ferroélectriques BaTi0,65 Zr0,35 O3 et Pb(1-x)BixMg(1+x)3Nb(2-x)/3O3(0< ou égalx." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30197.
Full textDielectric relaxation (frequency dispersion of the dielectric permittivity) is explained by the impossibility for the polar order to establish at long range. In PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3, this is attributed to a complex nanostructure where a local chemical order (ordering of the cations on the B site) coexists with a local polar order due to correlations of atomic displacements. These correlations expand up to a temperature known as freezing point, where they block. The Pb lone pair also plays a role in relaxation. In order to specify the role of each component, we have synthesised and studied the following relaxors. .
Harre, Nathalie. "Etude structurale par DRX et METHR et caracterisation dielectrique de quelques phases du systeme BaO-La2O3-TiO2." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0001.
Full textFilal, Saïd. "Influence de la composition organique et minérale des eaux des réseaux sur les caractéristiques chimiques et structurales des biofilms." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2314.
Full textBarbusse, Danielle. "Contribution à la caractérisation des matériaux : étude des couches minces, multicouches et superréseaux III-V et II-VI par double diffraction des rayons X (composition, qualité, contraintes) : étude structurale par absorption X au seuil K d'une série de complexes du cobalt et du fer, XANES et EXAFS de laboratoire." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20189.
Full textRinguette, Sophie. "Études des triglycérides et de leurs mélanges par calorimétrie et diffraction des rayons X." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0026/MQ51159.pdf.
Full textTardot, Alain. "Diffraction de rayons X et interdiffusion dans les superréseaux CdTe/CdZnTe et CdTe/HgTe." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10090.
Full textWu, Meiyi. "Development of the x-ray standing waves methodology to probe the interfaces of periodic multilayers." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS175/document.
Full textThe interfacial information of periodic multilayers can be crucial for the development of reflecting mirrors which operate in the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (X-EUV) ranges. Such information may contain the interdiffusion and chemical process at the interfaces of the layers. The idea of this thesis is to apply the X-ray standing wave technique to the characterization of materials, mainly but not limited to the periodic multilayers. X-ray standing wave technique enables to enhance the excitation (photoemission, fluorescence etc.) of specific locations within a periodic stack. The nature of such advantage is the interference of two coherent X-ray beams. One may compare the X-ray standing waves with the mechanical standing waves. The constructive interference at the anti-nodal plane amplifies the electric field; while the destructive interference at the nodal plane minimizes the electric field. In this way, the experimental spectra obtained under standing wave field will be mostly the material located on the anti-nodal plane. Combined with other techniques such as X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a depth-selective information with a sub-nanoscale sensitivity can be obtained
Pisson, Julien. "Caractérisation structurale et thermodynamique de l'échange anionique dans des hydroxydes doubles lamellaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF21615.
Full textBeutier, Guillaume. "Etude de nanostructures magnétiques par diffraction résonante et cohérente des rayons X mous." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0154.
Full textSoft X-rays (~400-1500 eV) are among the best probes to study ferromagnetic nanostructures. Their wavelength (1-3 nm) is very weil suited to the characterisic lengthscales of these systems : magnetic storage is investigated in ferromagnetic thin films whose thickness and typical magnetic domain size are in the 10-100 nanometers range. Moreover, transition metals, which are commonly used in these materials, have their L3 edge in the soft x-ray energy range. This resonance enhances the x-rays sensitivity to local magnetic moments. Ln this thesis, we show that this sensitivity is useful to study the 3-dimensional configuration of magnetic moments. We study here the case of FePd thin films. By filtering the synchrotron beam with a 10-micrometer sized pinhole, a very coherent beam is selected. Its diffraction pattern, measured with a CCD camera used as a single photon detector, is a high resolution measurement of the Fourier Transform modulus of the object. We present here the coherent magnetic scattering from a FePd microstructure and from a grating of parallel nanolines with perpendicular magnetisation. The recontruction of the exacte magnetic configuration of the nanolines is discussed
Safsaf, Abdelaziz. "Etude structurale par diffraction des rayons x d'un phosphonate et de quelques hydroxydiphosphonates." Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA132001.
Full textMasiello, Fabio. "Diffraction et imagerie aux rayons X en utilisant un faisceau cohérent : applications aux optiques rayons X et au cristaux comportant des hétérogénéités de phase." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609216.
Full textLahlou, Mimi Mohammed. "Etude des propriétés magnétiques des composés mixtes Fe1-xGaxF3 et Fe1-xCrxF3 (0." Le Mans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LEMA1023.
Full textCavellec, Myriam. "Les phosphates mixtes organique-inorganique à base de fer : étude chimique, structurale et magnétique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0002.
Full textGuedira, Taoufik. "Synthese et caracterisation physicochimique des phases du systeme Bi:(2)O::(3)-BiPO::(4)." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10036.
Full textTaoudi, Abdelkrim. "Etude cristallochimique des oxyfluorures de lanthanoi͏̈des et de quelques oxyfluorures mixtes dérivés de la fluorine." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0176.
Full textEl, Bahij Said. "Etude structurale et conformationnelle par diffraction des rayons X de six C-glycosides ou composés apparentés." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA132014.
Full textODIN, SYLVIE. "Etude sous pression du compose invar fe3pt par diffraction x et dichroisme circulaire magnetique des rayons x." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112193.
Full textAl-Khoury, Waël. "Etude structurale par spectrométrie Mössbauer et diffraction des rayons X d'alliage Fe-Cr à l'état massif et en couches minces : transformation de phase autour de la composition équi-atomique." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2303.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is the structural study of bulk – phase transformation (body-centered cubic) (tetragonal) at 700 °C – and thin films Fe-Cr alloys by Mössbauer spectrometry and X ray diffraction. An accurate structural characterization of the phase transformation at 700 °C in bulk FeCr alloys with coarse grains was carried out. The most relevant result, highlighted by the Mössbauer effect, is the existence of intermediate phase so-called ' between initial phase and final phase . The X-ray diffraction made it possible to reject the assumption of a B2 structure for the ' phase which structure is similar to the one. Laue's microdiffraction has shown that there were no simple crystallographic orientation relationships between the two phases. Let us note that we measured for the first time, the Young's modulus of the phase; its value is slightly higher (10%) than the phase one. Fe1-xCrx thin films with 200 nm thicknesses were prepared by ion beam sputtering. For 0 < x ≤ 0. 28, the films present a ferromagnetic behavior, whereas paramagnetic spectra CEM are obtained for 0. 32 ≤ x< 0. 70. The ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition (F/P) at room temperature appears at xc ~ 0. 30; this critical value depends on the preparation method. Finally, a very interesting parallel can be made concerning phase transformation for the equiatomic concentration between bulk and thin film alloys. Indeed, the starting and final magnetic states of the transformation are opposites. In the bulk alloys, the phase transformation starts from ferromagnetic bcc structure () and goes toward the paramagnetic tetragonal structure (), whereas in the films, a paramagnetic A15 structure () transforms in ferromagnetic bcc structure ()
Gosmain, Lionel. "Contraintes mécaniques et réactivité lors de l'oxydation des alliages Zy-4 et Zr1%NbO : analyses in-situ par diffraction des rayons X." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS008.
Full textBrandès, Stéphane. "Synthèse et caractérisation physicochimique de complexes homo- et hétérobimetalliques en série cyclame et pacman porphyrine. Réactivité vis-à-vis du dioxygene." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS042.
Full textMirloup, Fabien. "Diffraction des rayons X résolue en temps : dissociation et recombinaison de l'iode en solution." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066477.
Full textNya, Omar. "Synthèses et étude structurale par diffraction des rayons X dans la série des bithiazoles." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30005.
Full textKahloun, Charlie. "Etude des contraintes résiduelles par diffraction de rayons X : statistiques et déconvolution des mesures." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS008.
Full textGabison, Laure. "Etude du mécanisme de l'urate oxydase par diffraction des rayons X et spectroscopie RPE." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P610.
Full textUrate oxidase is a key enzyme of the purine degradation pathway. This protein work without cofactor (metallic nor organic) and catalyse in presence of molecular oxygen, the degradation of urate (uric acid mono-anion) into 5-hydroxyisourate with release of hydrogen peroxide. 5-hydroxyisourate finally decomposes spontaneously or via two specific proteins to allantoïne. Urate oxidase mechanism is studied since the beginning of the century and it still remains nottotally understood. X-Ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy allow bringing new lighting on urate oxidas mechanism. EPR spectroscopy shows the radical character of the mechanism and brings to propose the electronic state of some intermediate. Tridimensional studies by x-ray diffraction of high resolution inhibitor-enzyme complexes suggest urate déprotonation for the first step of the mechanism to give di-deprotonated intermediate on N3 and N7 atoms of uric acid. Several approach to block the natural substrate in the active site confirm deprotonated state and also permit to propose dehydrourate as stable relational intermediate. Finally different fruitless attempts to detect the hypothetic 5-hydroperoxyisourate intermediate from literature drove to formulate hypothesis of a direct passage to dehydrourate or generation of 4-hydroperoxyisourate. Dehydrourate is the hydroxyled and un-complexe from the active site. From all the result two news alternative mechanism were suggested
Lopez, Michel Angel. "Synthèse et caractérisation de complexes hétérobimétalliques à base de "Pacman" porphyrines." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS043.
Full textTidu, Albert. "Analyse et étude de profils de raies de diffraction des rayons X enregistrées avec un détecteur courbe : application à l'analyse de propriétés microstructurales de matériaux et notion d'indicatrice." Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/Tidu.Albert_1.SMZ904.pdf.
Full textThis study presents works done by using a curved position sensitive detector in the field of X-ray diffraction analysis. The introduction of exeprimental technics allow us to use this detector with a very high accuracy. We propose a simplified expression of asymetric Pearson VII distribution for the fitting and dessomation of mixed X-ray line profiles. We introduce usefull technics for the measurement of residual stresses analysis for large grain materials (discontinuous integration and diffraction lines smoothing). We developpe and extended the pole figure concept to the other X-ray line characteristics (named indicatrix). Using them formal relation between size of the coherently diffracting domains and micro-strain are obtained. The distribution of integrated intensity versus form factor of X-ray line profile show us in cunjunction with X-ray line breadth, that it is one of the best descriptive parameter for polycristalline materials analysis. Using well-known relationships, the relation between size and micro-stress present some analogy with the Hall-Petch relationship. The study of oscillation in graph giving the deformation versus the measurement direction present predominent effect of microstructural parameter such as domain size or micro-strain. This work allow us to say that the indicatricies which reflect structural anisotropy are usefull tools for polycristalline materials analysis
Delfosse, Caroline. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques de fibres carbonées expérimentales." Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL2D001.
Full textLabat, Stéphane. "Contraintes et déformations dans des multicouches Au/Ni, 111 : rôle des interfaces et de la microstructure." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30028.
Full textBusson, Bertrand. "Structure moléculaire et supramoléculaire des fibres de kératine : analyse par diffraction des rayons X et modélisation." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112072.
Full textAbgrall, Serge. "Mesure des forces de frettage sur un cylindre métallique émaillé, par diffraction des rayons X et par indentations Vickers." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT006G.
Full textBernard, Frédéric. "Les contraintes résiduelles en réactivité des solides : détermination et rôle sur les mécanismes réactionnels." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS021.
Full textKhrifi, Saâd. "Etude de la densité électronique précise du composé "2-amino-5-nitropyridinium-L-monohydrogènetartrate" : estimation des propriétés optiques linéaire [alpha] et non linéaire [bêta] à partir des propriétés électrostatiques." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10005.
Full textVarlet, Joël. "Microstructure et propriétés mécaniques d'alliages de polymères polypropylène - polyamide 12 stabilisés par un tiers corps." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0071.
Full text[The blends have been studied by means of variations complementary techniques in order to obtain information on several levels of the microstructure:-The crystal lattice level (scale of a few Angstroms), the crystalline regions level (scale of a few hundred of Angstroms), and the homopolymers regions level (scale of a few microns). - By X-ray techniques (eg W. A. X. S. And S. A. X. S. ), we have characterized an orientation of the crystalline phases which occur in. The samples as a result of the injection-moulding preparation technique. The mechanical spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy results have been combined to show the specific geometrical arrangement of the homopolymer regions, as well as the changes that occur in these regions as they are mixed. Nucleating effects of the third component (TC) on the crystalline phase of polypropylene have been detected. The microstructural information thus obtained was used to interpret the main features of the large deformation response of the blends, such as its anisotropic nature and the large influence of TC]
Yousfi, Said. "Mécanismes de conduction et effet photovoltaïque dans des films minces de BiFeO3." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0017/document.
Full textThe multiferroic BiFeO3 is one of the most studied material because of the room temperature coexisting ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic state. It also shows a photovoltaic response not yet understood. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to investigate the the photovoltaic properties of epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films. Preliminary to photovoltaic studies an investigation of the conduction mechanism has been performed. A polaronic transport with next nearest hopping mechanism is evidenced with a change of regime below 253K. Below 253K variable range hopping transport is observed and involves defects states near the Fermi level. This transport behavior seems connected to the photovoltaic response and change observed at 253K in the photo-induced voltage. Interestingly the photovoltaic response is induced by the ferroelectric state and we demonstrate a switchable photovoltaic effect by an applied electric field. In order to artificially reproduce the domain structure involved in the photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3 BiFeO3/SrRuO3 superlattices have been fabricated and a preliminary structural investigation is presented. A structural change is evidenced from a rhombohedral structure to pseudo-tetragonal state in the superlattices with variable periodicities and we attribute this transition to the influence of the induced in-plane elastic strain
Becquart-Gallissian, Alice. "Etude par microscopie électronique et diffraction de rayons X des mécanismes de formation de l'oxyde dans les alliages argent-magnésium." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30020.
Full textInternal oxidation is ideal for following a precipitation reaction from its initial stages up to oxide formation. In this work, the mechanism of oxide formation and its different morphologies, MgO precipitates or inner bands parallel to the surface, have been studied in silver-magnesium binary alloys. The principle techniques of investigation used were conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (CTEM HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X ray diffraction, scanning électron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It has been shown for the first time in these alloys that there exists two types of precipitation : inter and intragranular. Moreover, it was pointed out that the formation of coherent precipitate and their growth is the best way to obtain well-defined metal-oxide interface. .