Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diffraction aux petits angles'
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MANGENOT, Stephanie. "Conformation, inetraction et organisation des particles coeur de nucleosome." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002115.
Full textDufaye, Maxime. "Synthèses, caractérisations et cristallochimie de polyoxométallates incorporant des actinides et des lanthanides comme simulants d’actinides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R036/document.
Full textThe research of molecules for the extraction and stabilization of actinides is a key topic in the field of chemistry related to the reprocessing of spent fuels in the nuclear industry. Among the chemical species, vacant polyoxometalates, owing to their modular structural properties and high nucleophilia, are good candidates for the complexation of metal cations. In this context, the association of trivacant polyoxotungstates with tetravalent and hexavalent actinides (thorium(IV), uranium(IV and VI)) and lanthanides considered as minor actinide simulants was investigated. The studies concerned the reactivity of trivacant precursors {SiW9O34}, {AsIIIW9O33}, {AsVW9O34} and {PW9O34} with 4f elements (Ce(IV)) and 5f (Th(IV), (U(VI)), which resulted in the complexation of hexanuclear clusters {Ce6O8} or polyanionic systems incorporating up to 12 actinides Th(IV) or U(VI) centers. Cryptand species {As4W40O140} and {P8W48O184} have encapsulated up to 4 uranium(IV) cations or 7.2 uranyl cations per molecule respectively. The third cryptant tested {Na2Sb8W36O132(H2O)4} did not allow actinide complexation. It nevertheless reorganizes, forming a polyanionic entity containing the species {SbW10O37} and {SbW8O31} during the reaction with trivalent lanthanides (Gd --> Lu). A total of 23 crystallized compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The various molecular assemblies have been subjected to physico-chemical characterizations (IR, TGA). Their stability, particularly in aqueous solution, has been demonstrated by X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Bellet, Daniel. "Etude des textures des superalliages monocristallins par diffraction et diffusion des rayonnements : X, [gamma] et neutrons." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10016.
Full textLegrand, Gauthier. "Understanding Hydrogel Formation in Dispersions of Carbon black and Carboxymethylcellulose : Rheological, Electrical and Structural Perspectives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0040.
Full textDispersions based on colloids and polymers enable the design of numerous materials, particularly for energy storage. This thesis concerns aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic soot particles, carbon black (CB), using a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). CMC is a charged, semi-flexible, water-soluble polymer with hydrophobic regions along its chain, forming physical bonds with the CB particles. We show that it is possible to form CB-CMC hydrogels, i.e., viscoelastic solids over a wide range of CB and CMC concentrations. These hydrogels exhibit two radically different types of behavior on either side of a critical mass ratio between CMC and CB. Below this critical ratio, CB colloids form a percolated network stabilized by CMC, whereas, above this ratio, CB colloids act as physical cross-linkers in the CMC matrix. We report here a detailed picture of these two types of structures through linear and non-linear rheological measurements, coupled with dielectric and structural (X-ray scattering) measurements.Finally, to elucidate the singular role of CMC within CB-CMC hydrogels, we studied a complementary system consisting of acidified suspensions of CMC that form a gel due to hydrophobic interactions. These studies make use of two complementary techniques, relaxometry and neutron scattering, to shed new light on the role of the polymer within these composite gels
Goubet, Nicolas. "Nano et supracristaux d'or : sur l'influence de la nanocristallinité." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066119/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the influence of crystal defects of gold nanocrystals, especially on the synthesis and self-assembly of gold nanocrystals whose crystal defects and size are controlled. During this work, a method have been developed to separate single and polycrystals with similar size using crystalline segregation. Then, these nanocrystals have been used as seeds for a second crystal growth in order to expand their size from 5 nm to 13 nm in diameter. The plasmonic and vibrational properties of these gold nanocrystals have also been studied. The obtained nanocrystals exhibit low size distribution that allows their self-assemblies into three dimensional ordered lattice, called supracrystals. Negative supracrystals and vicinal surfaces have been observed under specific self-assembly conditions. Moreover, it is possible to obtain supracrystals with submillimeter size containing only either single or polycrystals and study them in an individual way by X-ray diffraction. It has also been possible to correlate the translational and orientational order of gold nanocrystals within the supracrystalline lattice
Stanescu, Stefan. "Structure et morphologie de couches ultraminces et nanostructures de NiO / Cu(111) et NiO / FeNi / Cu(111)." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010139.
Full textDufaye, Maxime. "Synthèses, caractérisations et cristallochimie de polyoxométallates incorporant des actinides et des lanthanides comme simulants d’actinides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR036.
Full textThe research of molecules for the extraction and stabilization of actinides is a key topic in the field of chemistry related to the reprocessing of spent fuels in the nuclear industry. Among the chemical species, vacant polyoxometalates, owing to their modular structural properties and high nucleophilia, are good candidates for the complexation of metal cations. In this context, the association of trivacant polyoxotungstates with tetravalent and hexavalent actinides (thorium(IV), uranium(IV and VI)) and lanthanides considered as minor actinide simulants was investigated. The studies concerned the reactivity of trivacant precursors {SiW9O34}, {AsIIIW9O33}, {AsVW9O34} and {PW9O34} with 4f elements (Ce(IV)) and 5f (Th(IV), (U(VI)), which resulted in the complexation of hexanuclear clusters {Ce6O8} or polyanionic systems incorporating up to 12 actinides Th(IV) or U(VI) centers. Cryptand species {As4W40O140} and {P8W48O184} have encapsulated up to 4 uranium(IV) cations or 7.2 uranyl cations per molecule respectively. The third cryptant tested {Na2Sb8W36O132(H2O)4} did not allow actinide complexation. It nevertheless reorganizes, forming a polyanionic entity containing the species {SbW10O37} and {SbW8O31} during the reaction with trivalent lanthanides (Gd --> Lu). A total of 23 crystallized compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The various molecular assemblies have been subjected to physico-chemical characterizations (IR, TGA). Their stability, particularly in aqueous solution, has been demonstrated by X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Roblin, Pierre. "Caractérisation structurale de la polykétide synthase pks13 de mycobactérium tuberculosis : étude structurale des composés S et F de la gamma-hémolysine de staphylococcus aureus sous forme d'hétérodimère covalent." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30297.
Full textTuberculosis is now the principle cause of death due to a single infectious agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Mycolic acids are essential lipids of the mycobacteria cell wall. Their relative abundance and their hydrophobic nature gives the envelope a strong impermeability, thus protecting the mycobacterium from the external environment. As Pks13 enzyme is involved in the last stage of mycolic acids biosynthesis, this inactivation affects directly the integrity of the envelope and to the survival of the mycobacteria. Pks13 is a large protein (186 kDa), consisting of five catalytic domains located on the same polypeptide chain and connected each other by loops of varying length. No structure of a type PKS I has yet been established. However, low-resolution structures of two bacterial similar systems (FAS) have recently been determined and high-resolution structures of homologues domains are known. The manuscript of the thesis contents the work carried out on a number of fragments Pks13, showing their production and purification and their biophysical characterization solution and the crystal genesis. .
Van, der Grinten Maurits. "Diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles. Variation de contraste par polarisation dynamique." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112213.
Full textGummel, Jérémie. "Structures et mécanismes de formation de complexes polyélectrolyte-protéine." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120315.
Full textThe mechanisms driving the formation of complexes made of charged polymeric chains (polyelectrolytes) and proteins, found in domains such as food engineering, pharmacology, or biology, lead to structures still poorly known. We studied them by Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and used deuterated polymer and contrast matching in solvents made of heavy water and light water. The protein is the lysozyme (positively charged at pH<11) and the polyelectrolyte is polystyrene sulfonate (PSS, always negatively charged). The ratio of charges brought ([-]/[+]) is an essential parameter. When it is close to 1, two structures can be obtained. One is a gel of PSS crosslinked by the proteins, that locally shrink the PSS chains but keep them in an entangled regime (semi-diluted). The other is made of dense globules (radius ~10 nm) with a fractal organisation at higher scale where the chains are too short and are in a disentangled regime (diluted) after being shrunk. This structure is very well defined and allows a deeper study: we have shown that the core of the globules has a null charge, that the species in excess in an electrostatic point of view stay in solution, possibly in a shell for the PSS chains, and that their size is fixed by the ionic strength. A specific measurement of the counterions has proved that they are ejected from the core of the complexes during their formation. The conformation of the chains inside the complexes has been measured using an adapted labelling. Finally when [-]/[+]>>1, a fluid and limpid transient network of proteins denatured by the PSS is obtained
Impéror-Clerc, Marianne. "Étude de transition de phase vers les phases cubiques des systèmes eau/surfactant." Paris 11, 1992. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01989797.
Full textBrûlet, Annie. "Etudes structurales et dynamiques par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles de polymères cristaux liquides." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006457.
Full textMannix, Oonagh. "Etude de complexes de nanoparticules et polysaccharides par diffusion de rayons X aux petits angles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV068.
Full textThe macroscopic properties and long-term stability of a colloidal suspension are controlled by its microstructure. Inter-particle interactions determine the microstructure and dynamics of the system. Colloidal systems are often metastable and so the inter-particle correlations can change with time (and so change the microstructure, and macroscopic properties of the system). As smaller colloidal particles can be used to form larger structures with different properties it is necessary to examine a system across various size scales.In this PhD thesis a combination of small and ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (U)SAXS and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) techniques are used to investigate colloidal complexation across both time and space. Spatial scales from nanometers (si{nanometre}) to microns (si{micrometre}) and time scales from milliseconds (si{millisecond}) to months were examined to elucidate the formation pathway and structural evolution of the complexes. To uncover general mechanisms of broad relevance this work uses technical-grade, non-ideal materials. The study is on the complexation of silica nanoparticles and chitosan, a bio-sourced, cationic polysaccharide.First, a new description for scattering data of polydisperse silica nanoparticles using a fractal model is employed. An investigation into the small-angle scattering of chitosan by neutrons and x-rays, and static light scattering reveals significant differences that are not readily explained. The investigation of nanoparticle and polysaccharide complexes uses kinetic SAXS measurements to study the formation pathways of the complexes, with rapid mixing experiments to access shorter times (stopped-flow apparatus). Combined USAXS and SAXS data are analysed to provide information on the complex structure within a state diagram. Salt was removed from the system using dialysis, and the subsequent behaviour of the system was investigated. It was found that the behaviour of the dialysed system differed to the behaviour of the non-dialysed system over long timescales. In the dialysed system the growth of crystallites of colloidal silica was observed. These results, along with an investigation into the temperature dependency of the system lead to some understanding of the microstructure of this type of colloidal complex
Mendes, Eduardo. "Etude par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles de la structure de gels de polymere." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13070.
Full textLoppinet, Benoit. "Etude de la structure de solutions d'ionomères en solvants polaires par diffusion aux petits angles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10208.
Full textBACRI, CHARLES-OLIVIER. "Collisions d'ions lourds aux energies danil : une utilisation de lise en mode telescopique pour les etudes aux petits angles." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077130.
Full textBacri, Charles-Olivier. "Collisions d'ions lourds aux énergies GANIL une utilisation de LISE en mode télescopique pour les études aux petits angles /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611493r.
Full textOberdisse, Julian. "STRUCTURES DANS LES COLLOÏDES ET NANOCOMPOSITES DESTINES AU RENFORCEMENT : ETUDE PAR DIFFUSION DE NEUTRONS AUX PETITS ANGLES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010688.
Full textSPITERI, MARIE NOELLE. "Conformation et arrangement des polyelectrolytes en solution semi-diluee. Etude par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112052.
Full textDucouret, Guylaine. "Fractionnement des asphaltènes par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique : caractérisation des fractions par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066348.
Full textDucouret, Guylaine. "Fractionnement des asphaltènes par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique caractérisation des fractions par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376046736.
Full textLemoine, Asseline. "Organisation et ségrégation lors de la formation de nanoalliages d'AgCo étudiés par diffusion aux petits et aux grands angles et effet anomal." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2067/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the role of size, composition and growth kinetic conditions on the morphology, the structure and the chemical configuration of AgCo bimetallic supported nanoparticles. Thus, in-situ and in real-time anomalous grazing incidence small and wide angle X-ray scattering measurements were performed during AgCo nanoparticles growth. Two types of growth conditions were studied : simultaneous or successive deposition of the two metals. Samples were also annealed to study the stability of the structures observed at room temperature, and to investigate if structural transitions occur due to thermal activation. For all kind of deposition modes, the nanoparticles (in a size range between 2 and 7 nm) exhibit a segregated chemical configuration. For the deposition of Co followed by Ag deposition, the nanoparticles are constituted of one (or several) Ag domain(s) juxtaposed with a Co domain, whereas for Ag deposition followed by Co deposition, the nanoparticles present a (Co-Ag) core-shell configuration. For simultaneous depositions and Ag poor compositions (< or =20%), the core-shell configuration is obtained. For richer compositions, the multidomain configuration is observed. Whatever the initial configuration, annealing leads to a phase separation of the two metals towards Janus particles and some structural reorganizations occur
Mahieu, Emilie. "Étude du mécanisme d’action du protéasome PAN-20S par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles résolue en temps." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY073.
Full textProteasomes are large ubiquitous macromolecular assemblies composed of a 20S catalytic complex and a regulatory particle containing an AAA-ATPase module. This cellular machine is responsible for selectively degradation of intracellular proteins in order to allow proteome renewal, elimination of defective proteins and control of many biological functions. The objective of this thesis was to reveal the mechanisms by which the AAA-ATPase complexes selectively unfold substrate proteins and translocate them into the 20S particle, where they are destroyed. To this end, an innovative approach was used by combining time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (TR-SANS) combined with fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor biochemical activity. The proteasome of the hyperthermophilic archaea Methanocaldococcus jannaschii was used as a model system. It is composed of the 20S protease of the regulatory particle AAA-ATPase PAN. A variant of the fluorescent protein GFP was used as a substrate protein.The data obtained show that PAN unfolding activity generates denatured species of GFP forming aggregates. The association with the 20S particle prevents the formation of these species and indicates that once the unfolding of a substrate by PAN is engaged, translocation into the 20S complex and degradation processes are closely coupled. Analysis of the neutron scattering spectra of the GFP substrate reveal that the native GFP population is rapidly disappearing in favor of peptides generated by the 20S protease, as confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis. This demonstrates the highly processive nature of the proteasome. Finally, two modes of action of PAN have been identified depending on the amount of proteins to be degraded compared to the PAN-20S proteasome. This work allows to experimentally validate one of the proteasome function models previously proposed and emphases the importance of controlling the association of proteasomes in vivo. This study also highlights the interest of TR-SANS technique to study the functional dynamics of large cellular machines
Perreur, Christelle. "Rhéologie et diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles de solutions aqueuses de copolymères en étoile de type POE-POP." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3016.
Full textSbai, Ali. "Analyse et simulations par ordinateur de la microstructure des craquelures et de leur diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=840.
Full textSaurel, Damien. "Etude de la séparation de phase magnétique dans les manganites à effet CMR par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086550.
Full textCes systèmes montrent une séparation de phase à grande échelle entre une phase ferromagnétique isolante (FI) et une phase antiferromagnétique isolante (AFI) correspondant à deux phases cristallines distinctes. Ils se transforment en une troisième phase cristalline, ferromagnétique métallique (FM), sous l?effet du champ magnétique. Nous avons tenté de comprendre par quel mécanisme.
Nous avons mis en évidence l?existence d?inhomogénéités magnétiques nanométriques dans chacune des phases FI et AFI. Notre étude sous champ révèle l?apparition d?un fort signal de diffusion dû à une nucléation de clusters de phase FM mésoscopiques (quelques centaines de nanomètres) lors de la transition I-M induite par le champ, faisant ainsi disparaître la diffusion par les objets nanométriques. L?effet CMR n?est donc pas dû à une nucléation à l?échelle nanométrique mais mésoscopique.
Spyckerelle, Olivier. "Etude par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles de l'influence de la bimodalité sur l'auto-renforcement de réseaux élastomères modèles." Mulhouse, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MULH0742.
Full textSeveral hydroxytelechelic poly(dimethylsiloxane) chains were crosslinked through a condensation reaction to obtain mono- and bimodal model networks. Mechanical tests highlighted a clear improvement of the ultimate mechanical properties for bimodal networks containing 20 to 30% by weight of short chains and when the size ratio of the chains is high. Analysis of the swollen networks by small angle neutron scattering evidenced the occurrence of a structure (scale 10Å) similar to the thermal fluctuations observed in semi-diluted solutions. Bimodal networks exhibit a second structure (scale 100Å) corresponding to the existence of concentration fluctuations. When the short chain content increases, the size of this structure only slightly changes while scattering intensity goes through a maximum. The origin of this structure and its effects on self-reinforcement are discussed and lead to the proposition of a model
Jalal, Noureddine. "Etude des agregats formes par neutralisation des chaines monocarboxylees par : diffusion aux petits angles des neutrons et des rayons x." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13137.
Full textEGEA, PASCAL. "Etudes structurales des recepteurs nucleaires des retinoides : rxr et rar par diffusion aux petits angles et cristallographie des rayons x." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13131.
Full textJalal, Noureddine. "Etude des agrégats formés par neutralisation des chaînes monocarboxylées, par diffusion aux petits angles des neutrons et des rayons X." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614476w.
Full textRekik, Hazar. "Caractérisation structurale et suivi du vieillissement par diffusion X aux petits angles d'un polymère époxyde : Contribution à l'étude des propriétés électriques." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00705904.
Full textRekik, Medhioub Hazar. "Caractérisation structurale et suivi du vieillissement par diffusion X aux petits angles d’un polymère époxyde : Contribution à l'étude des propriétés électriques." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0793/document.
Full textThis work constitutes an innovative approach in epoxy based polymer characterization, where complementary physico-chemical, electric and structural techniques are used. The main objective of these studies is to understand both dielectric phenomena and properties associated to the space charges, as well as to follow-up their evolution in time or after the application of external constraints.Impedance spectroscopy and thermo-stimulated depolarization current (TSDC), measurements have highlighted dipolar and interfacial relaxations processes. Origin of these phenomena has been explained from physico-chemical and structural analyses. First, X-ray fluorescence measurements revealed the presence of two types of impurities, which are able to create deep energetic levels in the forbidden energy band. Then, X ray reflectometry measurements highlighted several periodic structures within an amorphous matrix. This structural heterogeneity explains the mechanisms of trapping and accumulation of space charges at the interfaces and gives a first reply as for the relatively high value of the polymer electric conductivity, calculated from current-voltage measurements.Accelerated ageing studies have been also carried out. They have shown that annealing creates charges which are trapped in increasingly deep energetic levels. Consequently, both the quantity of released charges and annealed samples conductivities have decreased.These electric properties changes have been correlated with the structural changes occurring within the polymer, and whose principal manifestation is the progressive disappearance of the ordered structures. This disappearance of the local periodicity has also been observed in the absence of thermal constraints (natural ageing), where it was shown that samples surface’s behavior is different from the bulk
Brûlet, Annie. "Deformation plastique d'un polymere semi-cristallin (le polypropylene isotactique) : etude par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles de la conformation des chaines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13168.
Full textBrûlet, Annie. "Déformation plastique d'un polymère semi-cristallin, le polypropylène isotactique étude par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles de la conformation des chaînes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375964625.
Full textQuienne, Pascale. "Mécanisme de coagulation-floculation de la silice colloi͏̈dale par les hydroxydes de fer : étude par diffusion aux petits angles des rayons X." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2024.
Full textBEN, AZOUZ ISSAM. "Etude par diffusion de rayonx x aux petits angles de la structure et de la reactivite d'une microemulsion utilisee en extraction liquide-liquide." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066026.
Full textLours, Thierry. "Etude structurale de la transformation sol-gel : caractérisation des aérogels et étude de leur densification par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20012.
Full textDesvergne, Sandra. "Polymacromonomères : Synthèse - Diffusion de Neutrons aux Petits Angles - RhéologieDe l'architecture ramifiée à la conformation : étoiles et cylindres chevelus au repos et sous écoulement." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12998.
Full textCalzavara, Yoann. "Liens entre évolution structurale et propriétés physiques de fluides autour de leur point critique par absorption X et diffusion X aux petits angles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10086.
Full textTatou, Mouna. "Nanocomposites modèles silice-latex : Etude des propriétés rhéologiques et de la structure des charges et des chaînes par Diffusion de Neutrons aux Petits Angles." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00570362.
Full textDesvergne, Sandra. "Polymacromonomères. Synthèse-Diffusion de Neutrons aux Petits Angles- Rhéologie. De l'architecture ramifiée à la conformation: étoiles et cylindres chevelus au repos et sous écoulement." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086252.
Full textBelhoucine, Mohammed. "Etude de la morphologie de blocks copolymères Polyamide polyéthers, par diffusion de rayons X, aux petits et grands angles et par microscopie électronique à transmission." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F128.
Full textDufour, Catherine. "Etude des propriétés structurales et magnétiques de multicouches Fe/Si par spectroscopie Mössbauer et diffusion aux petits angles de R. X. Et de neutrons polarisés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL005N.
Full textFINET, STEPHANIE. "Interactions entre proteines en solution : etude par diffusion des rayons x aux petits angles du lysozyme et des proteines du cristallin ; application a la cristallisation." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066190.
Full textLeymarie, Edouard. "Méthodes de variation de contraste par polarisation nucléaire en diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles : Observation de domaines de polarisation nucléaire par diffusion de neutrons." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002103v2.
Full textIn this thesis we study the theoretical and experimental aspects of Contrast Variation by Nuclear Polarization (CVNP) applied to small-angle neutron scattering. The basics of neutron scattering theory is developed by highlighting the origin of the CVNP method : the strong spin dependence of thermal neutron scattering, especially on protons. We also present the principles of NMR with a special attention on the method of dynamic nuclear polarization by the solid effect which makes it possible to control the proton polarization and therefore the contrast for neutron scattering. We present a theoretical study of the CVNP method called static which supposes that the nuclear polarization is homogeneous in the sample and constant during the experiment. We show that it allows one to obtain partial structure functions of systems with multiple components, by carrying out several acquisitions with different polarizations on a single sample. For this purpose, we tested a simple device to stabilize the nuclear polarization. We describe finally a new application of the CVNP method called dynamic. In a solution of deuterated glycerol-water containing a small concentration of paramagnetic centres, we showed the existence of domains of polarized protons at the onset of dynamic polarization. This reinforces considerably the coherent scattering of paramagnetic centres. We describe the theoretical reasons explaining the appearance of these domains of polarization, as well as the various techniques used to observe them by neutron scattering
Ben, Cheikh Larbi Fadhel. "Etude par émission de fluorescence et par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles de la séparation de phases dans les mélanges polystyrène-poly (vinylméthyléther)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602826r.
Full textFouilloux, Sarah. "Nanoparticules et microfluidique pour un système modèle d'émulsions de Pickering. Etude des mécanismes de stabilisation et déstabilisation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628612.
Full textMareuil, Fabien. "DaDiModO un algorithme génétique pour l'étude de protéines à domaines à l'aide de données de RMN et de SAXS : application à la protéine ribosomale S1 d'Escherichia Coli." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077191.
Full textTo increase our Knowledge about the biological properties of macromolecules, especially proteins, it is necessary to know their three-dimensional structures. About one thousand of different domains are sufficient to build most proteins and it is estimated that half of these domain structures is determined (Koonin et al. 2002). Eventually, it will be possible to obtain close models of protein domain structures. However the information concerning the relative position of the domains will always be missing. Hence, having a tool that finds the relative position of domains by using experimental data easy to obtain is a major issue. For that purpose, we have developed an algorithm that uses NMR and SAXS data to position the domains of a multi-domain protein. The main advantage of this tool is to leave the user free to choose the deformability of the domains. We validated our method on two test cases and thus showed that when the definition of domains is accurate enough and the experimental data are of fairly good quality, our program could approach the structural solution with an error of less than 1 A. We have then applied our method to the structural study of two fragments of the ribosomal protein S1 which is composed of six repetitions of the S1 domain. This study focused on the fragment; made of domains 3-4 and 4-5. The structure of the domain 4 was determined by NMR. The domain: 3 and 5 were obtained by homology modelling. Our study allowed us to validate a biologically relevant model of the fragment 3-5
ZIELINSKI, FRANCOISE. "Effet des conditions de synthese sur la structure d'un reseau de polymeres et sa reponse a la deformation. Observation par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066662.
Full textMaurer, Thomas. "Magnétisme de nano-objets anisotropes: Etudes magnétiques et par diffusion de neutrons de nanofils de Co(1-x)Ni(x)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00471180.
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