Relevant bibliographies by topics / Difficult women

Academic literature on the topic 'Difficult women'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Difficult women"

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Baker, Kelly J. "Difficult Girls, Difficult Women." Women in Higher Education 27, no. 5 (May 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/whe.20577.

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Day, Lucy, Eliza Gluckman, and Freddie Robins. "Unpicking the Narrative: Difficult Women, Difficult Work." TEXTILE 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2018): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2018.1432150.

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Flores, Teresa. "Women analyzing women: The difficult patient." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 91, no. 5 (October 2010): 1236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-8315.2010.00295.x.

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Erden, Yasemin J., and Hannah M. Altorf. "Difficult Women in Philosophy." Symposion 7, no. 2 (2020): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposion20207217.

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In this paper we connect diversity with being on the margins of philosophy. We do this by reflecting on the programme that we, as diverse philosophers, designed and taught in a small university. Recently, the programme was closed. We examine some of the circumstances for the closure, in particular the impact of league tables. We argue that an idea (or ideal?) of objectivity, as a method in both science and philosophy, plays a role in establishing and maintaining the outsider status of the philosopher at the margins of the discipline. As a counterpoint to objectivity, we offer concrete examples of our experiences to illustrate what it is like to be at the margins of philosophy. We end with an examination of topics that are common to academics, i.e. issues of time and resources, that are compounded at the margins. Our paper seeks to show what is lost by the closure of our programme, and what philosophy loses when marginalised philosophers are silenced and/or excluded from key academic discourse. We argue that the particular contribution of the philosopher at the margin offers an important and irreplaceable contribution to discourses on the identity of philosophy and on the value of diversity.
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LEBACQZ, KAREN. "Difficult Difference." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 7, no. 1 (January 1998): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180198701033.

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Modern feminism has been preoccupied with difference. An early and continuing struggle has been to acknowledge differences between men and women without having those differences used against women. That struggle has been extended to recognizing differences among women. By the end of the 1980s, women were calling for a “politics of difference” in which “redefining our differences, learning from them, becomes the central task.” Although cautioning words were raised by some, feminists in general moved to trying not only to recognize but to celebrate difference.
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Kaur, Paramjit. "Analysis of Women Characters in Manju Kapur's Difficult Daughters." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/8.

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Cockey, Carolyn Davis. "HRT Choice Difficult for Women." AWHONN Lifelines 7, no. 2 (April 2003): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6356.2003.tb00407.x.

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McKessar, Merran. "Breast imaging in difficult women." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 45 (2019): S28—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.07.503.

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Szydło, Joanna. "Feminism – difficult conversation." Journal of Intercultural Management 6, no. 4-1 (December 1, 2014): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2014-0038.

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Abstract Feminism is a conflict between the female identity and female differences. Yet, all feminist thoughts aim at protecting specific subjects - women. In its current, rather chaotic form it allows to discover, understand and learn something from women who live and work in different countries. Feminism is not monolithic. It comprises a large array of attitudes, interests and ideas. These in turn, are differently represented across countries. Women took and still take various paths in combating inequality, therefore perhaps it would be wise to refer to ‘feminisms’ instead of a singular form ‘feminism’. My goal is to present a concise summary of a particular set of meanings of this term, ones that are relatable in the broadest sense.
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El Alamy, O. R., and A. A. Gehani. "Epilepsy and Women: A difficult combination!" Qatar Medical Journal 2007, no. 1 (June 2007): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2007.1.25.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Difficult women"

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Holler, Barbara Eva. "A difficult set of circumstances? : lone mothers and social exclusion in Woodland View." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48642/.

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This thesis explores how poor, single mothers on benefits experienced discourses of welfare and social exclusion within the context of New Labour's policy measures. This research is based on thirty-six months ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2007 and 2011 on a housing estate in the South of England among single mothers on benefits. The researcher studied how New Labour social policy initiatives had an impact on their lives. This study argues that while social exclusion and its flexibility constituted a tool to explore multi-dimensional aspects of poverty, the same term had come to entail a much more narrow focus under New Labour. The effects of such a shift in terms of providing services to mothers on benefits provided the framework through which the participants viewed dominant discourses on welfare and social exclusion. In doing so this thesis exposes the contestations and tensions that permeate much of these discourses. In interviews and discussions carried out during the fieldwork, many women located described the official political discourse as an external phenomenon with which they strategically engage, while also internalising it and accepting it as an accurate representation of social reality. On the other hand, most participants critically engaged with the dominant discourse and almost all traversed a tightrope of moral evaluation. This study argues that the importance of placing the experiences of single mothers on benefits in the context of welfare reform measures cannot be overestimated because it offers an understanding of how different social groups experience new social policies. It also suggests the possibility to evaluate the the deeper societal struggles and it constitutes an opportunity to reform existing economic, political and social structures. This thesis shows that the tendency to morally condemn poor and unemployed citizens has been part of social policy landscape in the United Kingdom for a very long time. These include ongoing changes to the welfare system, focusing on key elements such as penalising the unemployed and privatising public services.
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Warren, Ruth M. "Different personas and difficult diplomas : a qualitative study of employed mothers pursuing graduate degrees." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1285414.

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The purpose of this study was to discover how employed mothers who were graduate students coped with their many societal personas and still achieved their academic goals. Eight employed mothers who were graduate students were interviewed. Narrative inquiry guided the structure of the study. Phenomenological interviewing was used to gather evidence. A preinterview, a life history interview, a contemporary experience interview, and a reflective interview were conducted with each participant. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Profiles for each participant were created using thematic analysis and were member checked to ensure accuracy.Themes identified through the literature review were verified through thematic analysis of the transcripts. The themes identified were strength, persistence, time, self-improvement, and gender bias. The basis for the participants' strength and persistence were the life-altering events and achievements they had encountered. The participants self-identified as "survivors." To fulfill their responsibilities they were adept multitaskers and used extensive support networks. Participants pursued their graduate degrees for better employment as well as self-fulfillment. Internalized gender bias was a significant contributor to each woman's feelings of guilt. Guilt was attributed to the societal expectations imposed through being a mother, an employee, and a student. Significant tension in the form of guilt occurred between participants' perception of the role of mother as nurturing and the role of the student as empowering. Each participant managed her guilt by realizing the "self as able." The participants came to appreciate "I am good at what I do," and achieved merged identities.Global, institutional, and individual implications came from this study. In order for U. S. society to compete on a global level, more women must be educated to compete for leadership roles. Societal stereotypes made earning a graduate degree difficult for the women in this study. Institutions of higher education and those who make policies within those institutions must realize that the majority of graduate students at the master's degree level, and those in education at the doctoral level, do not fit the traditional graduate student stereotype. Women, especially, experience role conflict. The tensions participants experienced were real. Institutions of higher learning must address such issues as childcare, time to degree completion, and course accommodation if they wish to attract and retain high-level graduate women. Overall, this study found that employed mothers who are graduate students do experience significant tension and in spite of many barriers, do succeed.
Department of Educational Studies
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Teter, Rebecca E. "Knowing God as Father case studies of women of faith who overcame difficult relationships with human fathers /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Smith, Judith A. "The role and experience of women chief executives in the NHS in England: gendered stories of leadership in difficult times." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.645964.

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Bibars, Iman Mohamed Diaa El Din. "Women in difficult circumstances : an assessment of the impact of social policy and welfare programmes on female heads of households in low-income urban Egypt." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287158.

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Karlsson, Linda. "”It was easy to write about whores, but to write about a good woman was much more difficult” : En queer läsning av Charles Bukowskis Women och Love is a Dog from hell." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26248.

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A Queer Reading of Charles Bukowskiʼs Women and Love is a dog from hell This thesis aims to examine how the representation of gender is portrayed in relation to sex and power in Charles Bukowski’s novel Women and poetry collection Love is a dog from hell. The theoretical frame of the analysis is based on Judith Butlerʼs queer theory regarding the heterosexual matrix and gender performativity. The analysis consists of a textual comparison where a specific selection of poems is analysed parallel to the novel to see how they interact and how they oppose each other, through a queer reading. The analysis is divided in three parts where the first one discusses the construction of masculinity in Charles Bukowskiʼs protagonist Henry Chinaski and how this is presented differently in the two literary genres. The second part reveals how sex is presented in relation to power and how active and passive women are considered as sexually acceptable. The final part of the analysis discusses how women are portrayed in the novel and in the poetry. Further it demonstrates the consequences for women who do not act as expected in relation to their gender roles. In addition to this, the thesis investigates how the poetry functions as a tool to apply depth to the characters in the novel. It also points out how the sexual relationships work as a way of maintaining the masculine superiority over women. The repetitive way in which the protagonist fails to fulfil his sexual performance points towards an image of Chinaski as queer, something that previous scholarship has failed to notice. In conclusion, this essay shows how a queer reading can work as an instrument to read a text that is generally interpreted as heteronormative, macho and misogynistic. The queer reading in the thesis demonstrates a different interpretation of predetermined gender roles in two of Bukowski’s literary works.
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Ng, Hoi-nga. "The meaning of sexual intercourse : personal accounts of Hong Kong Chinese married women who have experienced difficulty in vaginal penetrative sex /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B44136389.

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Adams, Joanne. "Therapists' constructions of practice in relation to women experiencing orgasm difficulty : a Foucauldian discourse analysis." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5393/.

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The aim of this thesis is to explore how clinicians construct their practice with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm, by adopting a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA). In the first part, a critical review of the literature is presented, which illustrates the socio-historical constructions of female orgasm in relation to three distinct temporal periods; classical, modern and contemporary. The discursive constructions of orgasm within these epochs are considered in relation to research and treatment development. The thesis then presents the analysis which used semi-structured interviews to explore how six clinical psychologists and two psychosexual therapists make sense of the work they do with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm. The transcripts were analysed using a FDA. A critical realist social constructionist epistemological position was adopted in this research to facilitate the exploration of the constructed nature of orgasm, both at the local level of the text and the wider institutional level, to explore contextual and social factors and their implications for subjectivity. The analysis identified that clinicians construct their understanding of therapy with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm in three main ways. They constructed their practice in terms of pursuing expert knowledge to secure professional power. They constructed the women with whom they work as ‘problematic’ yet ‘untreatable’ in the context of dominant biomedical discourses. Finally, they constructed the broader service context as regulating the ways in which they are able to conceptualise and ‘treat’ this presentation, thus perpetuating a pathologising construction. This thesis recommends that clinicians should focus on interventions that promote a strength-based and systemic approach, which adopt a preventative stance towards addressing this phenomenon, involving social action and community development. Finally, supervision and reflective practice is recommended to increase awareness of the impact of social discourses on the subjectivity of the women who present for ‘treatment’.
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Nielsen, Anneli. "Ett liv i olika världar : Unga kvinnors berättelser om svåra livshändelser." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Barn- och ungdomspedagogik, specialpedagogik och vägledning (BUSV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100603.

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Drawing upon data from a qualitative interview study on the life stories of young women, the aim of this study is to analyze young womens experiences of difficult life events. Special interest is directed to how cultural frameworks are reflected in young women’s stories about themselves and the family and school worlds they have lived in. During a period of almost four years, I conducted deep interviews with ten young women on two to four occasions. They were between the ages of sixteen and twenty at the time of the first interview and of different classes and local origins. The young women were recruited to the study through leaders of a youth detention home and of a girl group activity. Methodologically, the thesis is based in the general field of narrative research and more specifically in the field of feminist life story research. I employed a holistic and thematic content analysis inspired by hermeneutic interpretation and the mainly focus has been on what was told in the stories. The thesis is written in a context of feminist epistemology and from a critical perspective (cf. Harding, 1986, 2004). It includes, among other things, an assumption that there is a social, cultural and historically created imbalance of power between different groups in society (cf. Anderson, 2003). The theoretical concepts that form the basis of this part of the theoretical framework are social worlds (cf. Shibutani, 1955), exclusion (cf. Goffman, 1963; Young, 1990, 2000), belonging (cf. Molin, 2010; Spånberger Weitz, 2011), agency (cf. McNay, 2003, 2004), space of agency (cf. Eduards, 2002) and social positions (cf. Anderson, 2003). The young women´s stories about family gathered around experiences of parents’ separation, family violence, parental substance abuse and the separation from parents. Their stories of school life gathered mainly around experiences of being different and othered, and these experiences of otherness and alienation were closely linked to bullying, school difficulties and to a general unhappiness at school (cf. Andersson, 1995). In contemplation of life as a series of life events, the young womens stories highlight the importance of difficult life events and the impact they have had on their ability to live their lives. The results portray the importance of considering life as a series of moving events, instant and recurring, and of understanding the consequences of social structures on how life and its conditions change and are linked across borders, between different worlds and different times. In a consideration of the life events as variable, instantaneous and sometimes recurring and changing, every life event has to be viewed as new and important to pay attention to, both as an event in itself and also how this event spreads to other moments and contexts than the time and world in which it occurred. In the assumption of life as moving and of life events as essential elements in a changeable life course, available positions and spaces of agency are made visible in the young womens stories. The cultural frameworks of the good family, the real schoolgirl and an authentic I represent structuring principles for how the events are possible to understand and talk about for the young women. They can be considered as ideal images that both increase and limit their opportunities to make difficult life events and their own actions in relation to the events understandable. In this thesis, it becomes visible that, in order to understand young women’s experiences of difficult life events, we need to place experiences in a context where the different circumstances, such as social positions and local structures, are made visible, analyzed and reflected upon.
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Fox-Young, Stephanie. "Uncertainty and difficulty in women's decision making at menopause." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.

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Gambling with health and well-being is not usually recommended. However, in the context of menopause, women's decisions are often more related to roulette than reasoned strategies. Currently available literature for general and medical or allied health audiences does not provide clear and unambiguous information on which women can rely to make menopause-related decisions. Three paradigms of menopause can be identified, each competing with the others not only in terms of their definition of menopause but also in their research methodologies and consequent findings. This competition between sources of information about menopause therefore contributes to the uncertainty that women experience when making decisions about menopause related problems and issues. The effects of this diversity of paradigms of menopause on women's knowledge of menopause and their decision making practices and experiences were examined in three studies conducted in two phases. In the first phase, interviews were held with a representative sample of 381 midlife women. Their knowledge of menopause was found to be reasonable when compared to information commonly available at the time. Forty women who were drawn from the initial sample then participated in focus groups and reported experiencing uncertainty arising from the information they had accessed about menopause. In the second phase of the thesis, a model of menopause-related decision making in uncertainty was developed for testing which drew upon the findings of these two studies, and literature of decision making in uncertainty. This model hypothesised that characteristics of the decision maker, including decision making and information seeking styles; inadequacies of the information; the complexity and difficulty of the decision; and the seriousness, urgency and severity of the problem or issue about which a decision was being made contributed to the level of uncertainty that women experienced. This uncertainty in turn was hypothesised to affect the woman's choice of decision strategy, her satisfaction with the decision and the time it would take her to resolve the matter. The model of women's decision making in uncertainty was tested in the context of a menopause-related issue or problem in a third study, a self-report questionnaire completed by 166 women. The menopause-related problems and issues about which women were making decisions were varied, but Hormone Replacement Therapy was a common factor in a majority of cases. Women used a range of sources of information, and found them adequate overall, but decision making was reported to be difficult where conflict existed between sources of information and between the woman's and her sources' paradigms of menopause, or where there were inaccuracies or ambiguities in the sources she used. The severity of the problem and, to a lesser extent, the complexity of the decision were also influential factors in decision difficulty, as was the level of uncertainty experienced by the woman. While women were able to manage their uncertainty, it contributed to a sense of the decision being difficult, which in turn reduced their satisfaction with their decision. Although many women used purposeful strategies that were designed to improve their situation or solve their problem, for some, the focus became a search for certainty. Nevertheless, women's satisfaction with their decision regarding appropriate action for menopause-related problems or issues was dependent on the perceived difficulty of the decision rather than on uncertainty per se or on any characteristic of the problem, the decision maker, or the decision itself. Past literature and research about the effects of uncertainty in decision making are challenged by the findings of this study. Rather than uncertainty being the core component in decision making in the context of inadequate or unreliable information, the self reported difficulty of the decision is a more critical factor for women engaged in making menopause-related decisions. Moreover, decision making style, attitude to menopause, information source contact profile, and menopausal status are largely irrelevant in explaining women's behaviour in menopause-related decision making. Further research is necessary to clarify the interrelationships of knowledge, attitude, uncertainty, decision difficulty and satisfaction. In the meantime, however, health professionals should provide assistance with decision making for patients who are experiencing problems or considering options in any field where the evidence is controversial.
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Books on the topic "Difficult women"

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Duhrssen, Alfred. Difficult women: A novel. Kansas City, Mo: Wallaroo Book, 2000.

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Bitch: In praise of difficult women. London: Quartet Books, 1998.

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Bitch: In praise of difficult women. New York: Doubleday, 1998.

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The difficult saint. New York: Forge, 1999.

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Marie, Knaul Felicia, ed. Urban girls: Empowerment in especially difficult circumstances. London: Intermediate Technology, 2000.

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Negrão, José. Women in difficult situation (phase II): Final report. [Maputo]: OMM, 1991.

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Cook, Alice Hanson. The most difficult revolution: Women and trade unions. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.

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The death of a difficult woman. New York: Berkley Prime Crime, 1994.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Death in a difficult position. New York: Berkley Pub Group, 2011.

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How to love a difficult man. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Difficult women"

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Fish, Rebecca. "Difficult women? 1." In A Feminist Ethnography of Secure Wards for Women with Learning Disabilities, 98–128. 1st Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Interdisciplinary disability studies: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109985-5.

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Pinedo, Isabel C. "Violence against women and women who kill." In Difficult Women on Television Drama, 109–38. London; New York: Routledge, 2021. | Series:: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031598-4.

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Buscatto, Marie. "Difficult Access to Stable Working Networks." In Women in Jazz, 94–104. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003177555-11.

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Pinedo, Isabel C. "The rise of difficult women in serial narrative television drama (2005-2020)." In Difficult Women on Television Drama, 1–39. London; New York: Routledge, 2021. | Series:: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031598-1.

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Pinedo, Isabel C. "Economic inequality and the working mother." In Difficult Women on Television Drama, 40–57. London; New York: Routledge, 2021. | Series:: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031598-2.

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Pinedo, Isabel C. "Female sexual pleasure and freedom." In Difficult Women on Television Drama, 58–108. London; New York: Routledge, 2021. | Series:: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031598-3.

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Pinedo, Isabel C. "Intersectionality." In Difficult Women on Television Drama, 139–74. London; New York: Routledge, 2021. | Series:: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031598-5.

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Pinedo, Isabel C. "Conclusion." In Difficult Women on Television Drama, 175–80. London; New York: Routledge, 2021. | Series:: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031598-6.

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Shields, Sara G. "The Experience of Difficult Breastfeeding." In Women-Centered Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, 151–53. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429272219-31.

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Hall, Tracilyn, and Claire Hoppenot. "Ethics of Fertility Sparing Oncologic Surgery in Women." In Difficult Decisions in Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach, 345–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84625-1_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Difficult women"

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Brown, Marlene, and Laurie Stone. "Technical Training for Women in the PV Field." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44236.

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Over the past decade, more women have become interested in renewable energy, particularly photovoltaics, but a suitable training environment is difficult to find. Approximately five years ago, Solar Energy International (SEI) started offering classes for women only. The premise is that a women only class provides a friendly atmosphere for women to ask basic questions, take time working with tools and concepts, and practice hands-on activities in a supportive environment. Sandia National Labs has assisted SEI by providing technical content and hands-on instruction. The classes are split between the classroom and the field. This paper will provide an overview of the technical training, safety and the importance of the National Electrical Code® (NEC)®, and accomplishments of the students beyond these classes.
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Shapovalova, Margarita, Svetlana Niculina, and Elena Serdyukova. "Psychological Features of the Pregnant Women Attitude to Motherhood in a Difficult Life Situation (COVID-19 Pandemic)." In IX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current Problems of Social and Labour Relations" (ISPC-CPSLR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220208.065.

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Maksimović, Goran, and Ljilјana Anđušić. "AGROTOURISM IN THE FUNCTION OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT – ILLUSTRATION FROM RURAL AREA OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA." In Tourism International Scientific Conference Vrnjačka Banja - TISC. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc22269gm.

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Nowadays, it is very difficult for women in the countryside to achieve their job and become empowered in that field. Agrotourism is a leading opportunity for the wider inclusion of women living in rural areas. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the position of women and the empowerment of women for stronger involvement in agritourism development, in Sirinić district, Kosovo and Metohija. Also, the aim was to determine the differences in attitudes in relation to age and material status. The results indicate the existence of significant influences for stronger engagement of women in rural areas, as well as differences in attitudes in relation to the surveyed demographic categories. The importance of research is reflected primarily in the encouragement of women for stronger participation in the development of agritourism, as a form of women's entrepreneurship.
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Bishop, Jennifer L., Scott Tashman, Roger Zauel, Erinn L. Demps, Gwynne Waters, and Kelly Koralewski. "Feasibility of Measuring the Effect of Knee Injury Prevention Training on Dynamic ACL Length During Jump Landing." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175835.

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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are very common, causing pain, loss of function, and medical expense. Women sustain ACL injuries more often than men. Most of these injuries (70%) are non-contact for women [1], occurring during pivoting or sudden deceleration [2]. Training programs have been developed to try to prevent these injuries in women. These programs are designed to improve strength, muscle balance, and knee control. Evaluating the effectiveness of training programs is difficult. To date, these evaluations have only assessed factors such as muscle activation and joint angles that are not directly related to ACL strain and ACL injury risk.
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Gupta, Priyanka, Lokesh Yadav, and Deepak Singh Tomar. "Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Study on Machine Learning-based Intrusion Detection approaches." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.29.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of interconnected devices that can exchange information with each other with minimal user intervention. The goal of IoT to become accessible to anyone, anytime, and anywhere. IoT has engaged in multiple fields, including education, healthcare, businesses, and smart home. Security and privacy issues have been significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of IoT. IoT devices cannot be entirely secure from threats; detecting attacks in real-time is essential for securing devices. In the real-time communication domain and especially in IoT, security and protection are the major issues. The resource-constrained nature of IoT devices makes traditional security techniques difficult. In this paper, the research work carried out in IoT Intrusion Detection System is presented. The Machine learning methods are explored to provide an effective security solution for IoT Intrusion Detection systems. Then discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the selected methodology. Further, the datasets used in IoT security are also discussed. Finally, the examination of the open issues and directions for future trends are also provided.
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Harris, Kirsilyn C., and Jesse M. Redlo. "Emergence of Digitized Gamification as an Educational Tool and the Implications on Digital Literacy and Equity." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.48.

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The phenomenon of gamification has developed into a widely used educational tool over the last sixty years. In that time gamification has evolved from serious games, used to educate military personnel and medical workers, to a tool used to teach a variety of disciplines. The proliferation of gamification is particularly prevalent due to the ease of access and production of games in a digital format. Whether being used in the classroom or being used in daily life as a non-traditional learner, the common man is inundated with information and games that teach. Some games intentionally teach skills, however, even those that aren’t geared towards teaching can teach peripheral skills and values that aren’t easily taught in the classroom. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine which games and content are going to be positive and helpful to growth and development, and which will not be. One such skill that would be invaluable to teach would be digital literacy, especially in such a digitized world. Thus the question posed here is whether gamification will be a reliable tool to teach digital literacy due to its success being implemented in other disciplines.
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Ma, Leilong. "With Reference to a Specific Developing Country, Explain Why is it so Difficult to Prevent Crimes of Sexual Violence Against Women?" In 2022 3rd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange（ICLACE 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220706.051.

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Feola, Andrew J., William R. Barone, Jon Shepherd, Pam Moalli, and Steven Abramowitch. "Characterizing the Ex-Vivo Properties of Prolapse Meshes." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53841.

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Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition that affects roughly 30–40% of women in their lifetime (1). Although not all women become symptomatic, 225,000 to 280,000 require surgery for prolapse each year (1). Prolapse occurs when the vagina can no longer support the pelvic organs. Thus, many urogynecological procedures use synthetic meshes to restore the supportive capacity of the vagina. However, a significant underreported proportion of women undergoing mesh procedures require a procedure to remove surgically placed mesh due to pain, exposure, erosion, and dyspareunia (2). It is suspected that these complications are related to mesh structural properties. However, since there are a wide variety of mesh products in use with little known about their properties before and after implantation, identifying the role of mesh in surgical failure has been difficult.
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Wu, Leyi, Jing Luo, and Huihui Guo. "An interactive design solution for prenatal emotional nursing of pregnant women." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001973.

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With the continuous development of interactive technology, informatization has begun to integrate into people's life[1].Having been neglected in history, postpartum depression reminds us that we need to pay attention to maternal emotional needs and prenatal care[2]. In the current situation, it is worth researching the interactive products for prenatal emotional care. According to the survey, it is not difficult to find that some speech emotion and facial expression recognition technologies in artificial intelligence are developing Which have large potential for extensive use.[3,4]. Therefore, it is necessary and feasible to design prenatal emotional diagnosis tools for pregnant women. This study has designed a product to care for pregnant women by identifying their emotional needs through AI recognition technologies. Appropriate prenatal intervention is conducive to the prevention of postpartum depression[5,6] . The use of artificial intelligence recognition technology can provide an appropriate emotional care plan. This can reduce the difficulty of training medical personnel and the difficulty of relatives caring for pregnant women. Therefore, the risk of postpartum depression can be reduced. QUESTIONCollecting opinions and information from previous studies is an important reference for this study. Therefore, this study needs to solve the following problems.1) How to design an artificial intelligence product that can accurately diagnose the emotion of pregnant women?2) How to integrate AI facial emotion recognition technology?3) How to help nurses and their families take care of users more professionally and easily through the information database?4) How to adapt the emotional care program provided by interactive products to different pregnant women? Methods:the research methods of this study are as follows:1) Observing the working process of artificial midwives and psychologists to find Which part can be assisted by machines[7].2) To understand the emotional needs of pregnant women through interview.3) To brainstorm according to the real data collected before and research findings, and then design interactive products that can practically solve the emotional care problems of pregnant women.4) Through the experiment of AI emotion recognition technologies, the feasibility of emotion recognition is verified. CONCLUSIONS:With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, more and more artificial intelligence products have entered our life [1]. This study is aimed to help pregnant women prevent prenatal and postpartum depression and maintain their health through artificial intelligence interaction technologies. This study is exploring the solution under the help of artificial intelligence after studying the problem that prenatal and postpartum emotion are neglected. This design is still in the conceptual design stage, but it seems only a matter of time before this design is applied in the future[8]. REFERENCES:[1]. Lee H S , Lee J . Applying Artificial Intelligence in Physical Education and Future Perspectives. 2021.[2]. Beck C T . Postpartum depression: it isn't just the blues.[J]. American Journal of Nursing, 2006, 106(5):40-50.[3].Ramakrishnan S , Emary I M M E . Speech emotion recognition approaches in human computer interaction[J]. Telecommunication Systems, 2013, 52(3):OnLine-First.[4]. Samara A , Galway L , Bond R , et al. Affective state detection via facial expression analysis within a human–computer interaction context[J]. Journal of Ambient Intelligence & Humanized Computing, 2017.[5]. Clatworthy J . The effectiveness of antenatal interventions to prevent postnatal depression in high-risk women[J]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2012, 137(1-3):25-34.[6]. Ju C H , Hye K J , Jae L J . Antenatal Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Prevention of Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Study[J]. Yonsei Medical Journal, 2008, 49(4):553-.[7]. Fletcher A , Murphy M , Leahy-Warren P . Midwives' experiences of caring for women's emotional and mental well-being during pregnancy[J]. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2021.[8]. Jin X , Liu C , Xu T , et al. Artificial intelligence biosensors: Challenges and prospects[J]. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2020, 165:112412.
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Saleh, A. A., A. M. Farag, S. F. Bottoms, E. F. Mammen, M. Hosni, and A. Ali. "SELECTED HEMOSTASIS PARAMETERS IN PREGNANCY AND HYPERTENSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644284.

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Patients with preeclampsia are believed to have a state of compensated DIC, and especially the differential diagnosis between preeclampsia and chronic hypertension with pregnancy can be difficult. Selected hemostasis parameters were analyzed in 50 women with preeclampsia (P), 50 matched normal pregnant women (N), 14 women with known hypertensionand pregnancy (CH) and 13 persons with known chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia (CH + P). None of the patients had clinical evidence of DIC. Platelet counts, mean platelet volume, antithrombin III, α2 antiplasmin and fibrinogen activities and fibronectin were assayed. The following data wereThese data, together with higherlevels of fibrinopeptide A, platelet factor 4, 3 thromboglobulin and D-dimer in the P group suggests increased intravascular coagulation in preeclampsia. Fibronectin levels were markedly elevated only in the patient groups with preeclampsia. Discriminant function analysis of FN values between the groups revealed a78% diagnostic accuracy for Palone and 74% accuracy for CH + P
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Reports on the topic "Difficult women"

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Gagnon, Marie-Pierre. Does training traditional birth attendants improve pregnancy outcomes? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1702122.

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Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) who assist women are common in low-income countries. Providing formal training to untrained TBAs or additional training on specific tasks could improve care for pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes. Training programmes can differ considerably, making it difficult to make clear distinctions between initial training and additional training that are applicable across different settings.
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TANG, Denise Tse-Shang, Stefanie TENG, Celine TAN, Bonnie LAM, and Christina YUAN. Building inclusive workplaces for lesbians and bisexual women in Hong Kong’s financial services industry. Centre for Cultural Research and Development, Lingnan University, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14793/ccrd2021001.

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Workplace inclusion is a core component of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Hong Kong. Workplace inclusion points to the need for employers to recognize diversity among employees, to acknowledge their contributions to the work environment and to raise professional standards for the work force. Diversity within a workplace indicates inclusion of persons with different backgrounds as in racial, ethnic, sex, health status, sexual orientation and gender identity. Women are already less represented at senior levels across various business sectors in Hong Kong. Lesbians and bisexual women face a double glass ceiling in the workplace as a result of both their gender and sexual orientation. Funded by Lingnan University’s Innovation and Impact Fund, and in partnership with Interbank Forum and Lesbians in Finance, Prof. Denise Tse-Shang Tang conducted an online survey and two focus groups targeting lesbians and bisexual women working in Hong Kong’s financial and banking industry. The aim of the study is to examine the specific challenges and barriers faced by lesbians and bisexual women in Hong Kong’s financial services industry. We found that only 37% of survey respondents were out at work, with 23% partially out to close colleagues. In other words, there are still key concerns with being out at work. On the issue of a glass ceiling for LGBT+ corporate employees, 18% of the survey respondents agreed and 47% somewhat agreed that such a ceiling exists. When asked whether it is harder for lesbians and bisexual women to come out in the workplace than it is for gay men, 32% agreed and 46% somewhat agreed. 27% agreed and 39% somewhat agreed with the statement that it is difficult for lesbians and bisexual women to climb up the corporate ladder. Other findings pointed to the low visibility of lesbians and bisexual women in corporate settings, lack of mentorship, increased levels of stress and anxiety, and the fear of being judged as both a woman and a lesbian. Masculine-presenting employees face significantly more scrutiny than cisgender female employees. Therefore, even though discussion on diversity and inclusion has been on the agenda for better corporate work environment in Hong Kong, there still remain gaps in raising awareness of lesbian and bisexual women’s issues.
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Nazneen, Sohela. Women’s Leadership and Political Agency in Fragile Polities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.046.

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Recent evidence from Afghanistan shows that even in the most difficult contexts, women will still protest for their rights. This paper draws on evidence from the Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research programme to show how women express their political agency and activism and seek accountability in repressive contexts. A4EA research looked at cases of women-led protest in Egypt, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, and explored women’s political participation in Nigeria and Pakistan. The research shows that despite some success in claim-making on specific issues, ‘sticky norms’ and male gatekeeping prevail and govern women’s access to public space and mediate their voice in these contexts. The paper concludes by calling on donors to go beyond blueprints in programming, and to work in agile and creative ways to support women’s rights organising.
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Tucker-Blackmon, Angelicque. Engagement in Engineering Pathways “E-PATH” An Initiative to Retain Non-Traditional Students in Engineering Year Three Summative External Evaluation Report. Innovative Learning Center, LLC, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52012/tyob9090.

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The summative external evaluation report described the program's impact on faculty and students participating in recitation sessions and active teaching professional development sessions over two years. Student persistence and retention in engineering courses continue to be a challenge in undergraduate education, especially for students underrepresented in engineering disciplines. The program's goal was to use peer-facilitated instruction in core engineering courses known to have high attrition rates to retain underrepresented students, especially women, in engineering to diversify and broaden engineering participation. Knowledge generated around using peer-facilitated instruction at two-year colleges can improve underrepresented students' success and participation in engineering across a broad range of institutions. Students in the program participated in peer-facilitated recitation sessions linked to fundamental engineering courses, such as engineering analysis, statics, and dynamics. These courses have the highest failure rate among women and underrepresented minority students. As a mixed-methods evaluation study, student engagement was measured as students' comfort with asking questions, collaboration with peers, and applying mathematics concepts. SPSS was used to analyze pre-and post-surveys for statistical significance. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and focus group sessions with recitation leaders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty members and students to understand their experiences in the program. Findings revealed that women students had marginalization and intimidation perceptions primarily from courses with significantly more men than women. However, they shared numerous strategies that could support them towards success through the engineering pathway. Women and underrepresented students perceived that they did not have a network of peers and faculty as role models to identify within engineering disciplines. The recitation sessions had a positive social impact on Hispanic women. As opportunities to collaborate increased, Hispanic womens' social engagement was expected to increase. This social engagement level has already been predicted to increase women students' persistence and retention in engineering and result in them not leaving the engineering pathway. An analysis of quantitative survey data from students in the three engineering courses revealed a significant effect of race and ethnicity for comfort in asking questions in class, collaborating with peers outside the classroom, and applying mathematical concepts. Further examination of this effect for comfort with asking questions in class revealed that comfort asking questions was driven by one or two extreme post-test scores of Asian students. A follow-up ANOVA for this item revealed that Asian women reported feeling excluded in the classroom. However, it was difficult to determine whether these differences are stable given the small sample size for students identifying as Asian. Furthermore, gender differences were significant for comfort in communicating with professors and peers. Overall, women reported less comfort communicating with their professors than men. Results from student metrics will inform faculty professional development efforts to increase faculty support and maximize student engagement, persistence, and retention in engineering courses at community colleges. Summative results from this project could inform the national STEM community about recitation support to further improve undergraduate engineering learning and educational research.
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Bolton, Laura. The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Colombia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.073.

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Available data provide a picture for the macro-economy of Colombia, agriculture, and infrastructure. Recent data on trends on public procurement were difficult to find within the scope of this rapid review. In 2020, macro-level employment figures show a large drop between February and April when COVID-19 lockdown measures were first introduced, followed by a gradual upward trend. In December 2020, the employment rate was 4.09 percentage points lower than the employment rate in December 2019. Macro-level figures from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) show that a higher percentage of men experienced job losses than women in November 2020. However, the evidence presented by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia based on the DANE great integrated house survey shows that a higher proportion of all jobs lost were lost by women in the second quarter. It may be that the imbalance shifted over time, but it is not possible to directly compare the data. Evidence suggests that women were disproportionately more burdened by home activities due to the closure of schools and childcare. There is also a suggestion that women who have lost out where jobs able to function during lockdowns with technology are more likely to be held by men. Literature also shows that women have lower levels of technology literacy. There is a lack of reliable data for understanding the economic impacts of COVID-19 for people living with disabilities. A report on the COVID-19 response and disability for the Latin America region recommends improving collaboration between policymakers and non-governmental organisations. Younger people experienced greater job losses. Data for November 2020 show 3.3 percent of the population aged under 25 lost their job compared to 1.8 percent of those employed between 24 and 54. Agriculture, livestock, and fishing increased by 2.8% in 2020 compared to 2019. And the sector as a whole grew 3.4% between the third and fourth quarters of 2020. In terms of sector differences, construction was harder hit by the initial mobility restrictions than agriculture. Construction contracted by 30.5% in the second quarter of 2020. It is making a relatively healthy recovery with reports that 84% of projects being reactivated following return to work. The President of the Colombian Chamber of Construction predicting an 8.4% growth in the construction of housing and other buildings in 2021.
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Lenhardt, Amanda. Progress Towards Meaningful Women’s Participation in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Decision-makingt prevention and peacebuilding decision-making. Institute of Development Studies, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.044.

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The Women, Peace and Security or Gender Peace and Security (WPS/GPS) agenda has expanded significantly over the 20+ years of concerted efforts at many levels to expand the role of women in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Yet many authors note that the expansion of international agreements and national plans to support greater women’s participation in decision-making have yet to translate into concrete changes. This report examines progress in promoting women’s meaningful participation in decision making processes in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, with a focus on changes since 2018. Evidence on women’s meaningful participation in decision-making tends to focus on a small range of measurable outcomes with some studies considering the outcomes of women’s involvement in those processes to determine the extent to which they might be ‘meaningful’. Few studies examine differential outcomes of such initiatives for different groups of women, and most data does not allow for the disaggregation of intersecting identities between gender, ethnicity, race, disability, migration status and other key factors. Evidence collected for this report suggests that policies and programmes seeking to support greater women’s participation in decision-making in conflict prevention and peacebuilding often struggle to address the broader structural factors that inhibit women’s empowerment. Tackling longstanding and often deeply embedded harmful social norms has proven challenging across sectors, and in conflict or post-conflict settings with highly complex social dynamics, this can be especially difficult. Many of the issues highlighted in the literature as hindering progress on the WPS agenda relate to cross-cutting issues at the heart of gender inequality. Multiple authors from within women’s movements in conflict and post-conflict settings emphasise the need for policies and programmes that support women to act as agents of change in their own communities and which amplify their voices rather than speak on their behalf. Recent achievements in South Sudan and the Pacific region are indicative of the potential of women’s movements to affect change in conflict prevention and peacebuilding and suggest progress is being made in some areas, though gender equality in these processes may be a long way off.
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David, Raluca. Advancing gender equality and closing the gender digital gap: Three principles to support behavioural change policy and intervention. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/02.

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Worldwide, interventions and policies to improve gender equality or close gender gaps often struggle to reach their targets. For example, women lag considerably behind in use of even simple digital technologies such as mobile phones or the internet. In 2020, the gap in mobile internet use in low- and middle-income countries was at 15%, while in South Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries, it remained as high as 36% and 37% respectively (GSMA, 2021). Use of the internet for more complex activities shows an even wider gap. In Cairo, in 2018, only 21% of female internet users gained economically, and only 7% were able to voice their opinions online (with similar statistics for India, Indonesia, Kenya, Uganda and Colombia, Sambuli et al., 2018). This is despite the fact that empowering women through digital technologies is central to global gender equality strategies (e.g. Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, 2015), and is believed to facilitate economic growth and industry-level transformation (International Monetary Fund, 2020). Progress is slow because behaviours are gendered: there are stark dissociations between what women and men do – or are expected to do. These dissociations are deeply entrenched by social norms, to the extent that interventions to change them face resistance or can even backfire. Increasingly, governments are using behavioural change interventions in a bid to improve public policy outcomes, while development or gender organisations are using behavioural change programmes to shift gender norms. However, very little is known about how gendered social norms impact the digital divide, or how to use behavioural interventions to shift these norms. Drawing on several research papers that look at the gender digital gap, this brief examines why behavioural change is difficult, and how it could be implemented more effectively. This brief is addressed to policymakers, programme co-ordinators in development organisations, and strategy planners in gender equality interventions who are interested in ways to accelerate progress on gender equality, and close the gender digital gap. The brief offers a set of principles on which to base interventions, programmes and strategies to change gendered behaviours. The principles in this brief were developed as part of a programme of research into ways to close the gender digital gap.
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Kelly, Luke. What Accountability Means in Somalia. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.113.

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This rapid literature review finds that accountability programming in Somalia is focused on working effectively with the country’s hybrid governance. A number of programmes have generated findings on the potential of non-state actors to improve accountability, with a focus on contextual analysis and adaptive programming. Accountability is defined as mechanisms to hold people in power to account according to an agreed standard. Improving accountability may be difficult in fragile and conflict-affected states such as Somalia where power is dispersed and informal. Somalia is commonly described as a hybrid political order. Regions in Somalia have more and less robust governments and non-state actors have a number of important but informal roles in governance. Moreover, the prevalence of clan-based politics and patriarchal norms limits the inclusivity of accountability mechanisms, with women and members of minority clans among those commonly excluded. This report is focused on accountability in governance. It surveys both evidence on the status and contours of accountability in Somalia, and on programmes to improve accountability. It is based on evidence from the Implementation and Analysis in Action of Accountability Programme (IAAAP) Somalia programme, as well as other relevant programmes. It describes the findings on the barriers and enablers to greater accountability in Somalia, as well as lessons on implementing programmes. It does not survey every accountability programme, or programme with accountability components, but instead focused on published evaluations and evidence syntheses. Several programmes, such as IAAAP, have sought to research, improve and learn lessons on accountability in Somalia. IAAAP ran from 2013 to 2019 and had a budget of GBP 23 million. It worked as an innovation laboratory to test models for greater accountability through adaptive programming. IAAAP worked on different themes, including civil society-state engagement, financial flows and extractive industries.
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Winikoff, Beverly. Acceptability of first trimester medical abortion. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1994.1010.

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Unwanted pregnancy is a serious and stressful problem for women. As stated in this paper, technologies that afford safe and effective abortion are well accepted and provide relief from a great difficulty. Many women fear surgery and will go far to avoid it. There is substantial apprehension about general anesthesia during surgery and also fear that local anesthesia may not prevent pain. This leads to a high demand for a medical abortion alternative. Some women consider that the quick and definitive surgical alternative is easier; some find that swallowing a pill is easier. Privacy is greatly valued. Medical abortion technology seems to meet this need more than surgical abortion, especially if the surgical alternative mandates hospital admission and absence from home. The high values placed on privacy, autonomy, and the wish to be able to be at home combine, in at least some settings, to create a demand for a self-administered home treatment for early abortion. Given a choice between surgery and any of several medical abortion methods, most eligible women appear to prefer the medical method.
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Dong, Xiao-Yuan, Veronica Mendizabal Joffre, and Yueping Song. Labor Market Conditions for Health and Elderly Care Workers in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220250-2.

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This paper examines the labor market conditions of the paid workforce in the health and elderly care industry in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Findings indicate that the wages for elderly care workers, most of whom are women, were low, and that most of the elderly care institutions had difficulty generating sufficient revenue to cover operation costs. The growth in employment in the health and elderly care industry has lagged other sectors, limiting the supply of high-quality services for the PRC’s growing population with health and care needs.
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