Journal articles on the topic 'Differentiale influence'
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Iqbal, Javed, Abdul Majeed Khan, and Muhammad Nisar. "Impact of Differentiated Instruction on Student Learning: Perception of Students and Teachers." Global Regional Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).40.
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The present study examines the perceptions and influences of the teachers and the students in relation to differentiated education. The research population contains all the academic departments of Karakoram International University (KIU). Five departments were selected as sample of the study. Moreover 5 teachers and 10 students were selected from each department. The study objectives were 1) to find out teachers perception of differentiated instruction. 2) to find out students’ perception of differentiated instruction. 3) to examine how differentiated instruction, influence student classroom learning. The questionnaire was used as a research instrument. Data were collected and the analysis revealed the following conclusion: 1) Differentiated instructions have a great influence on the students learning 2.) The teachers use Differentiated guidance for improving high-quality skills of the students. 3) Differential teaching is pervasive and promotes the learning environment in the classroom. The key recombination was made that teacher should promote and enhance differentiated instruction as a learning strategy.
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Mercure, Evelyne, Frederic Dick, Hanife Halit, Jordy Kaufman, and Mark H. Johnson. "Differential Lateralization for Words and Faces: Category or Psychophysics?" Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 11 (November 2008): 2070–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20137.
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This set of three experiments assessed the influence of different psychophysical factors on the lateralization of the N170 event-related potential (ERP) component to words and faces. In all experiments, words elicited a left-lateralized N170, whereas faces elicited a right-lateralized or nonlateralized N170 depending on presentation conditions. Experiment 1 showed that lateralization for words (but not for faces) was influenced by spatial frequency. Experiment 2 showed that stimulus presentation time influenced N170 lateralization independently of spatial frequency composition. Finally, Experiment 3 showed that stimulus size and resolution did not influence N170 lateralization, but did influence N170 amplitude, albeit differentially for words and faces. These findings suggest that differential lateralization for words and faces, at least as measured by the N170, is influenced by spatial frequency (words), stimulus presentation time, and category.
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Yang, Yuanting. "The Influence of Modern Electronic Media on the Teaching Content of Traditional Design." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 4474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.2.13.
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Objectives: At present, most of the researches on differentiated teaching focus on the theoretical research of differentiated instruction, the demonstration of necessity of differentiated instruction, the implementation process of differential teaching, and the implementation of differentiated teaching. Methods: at present, most of the researches on differentiated teaching focus on the theoretical research of differentiated instruction, the demonstration of necessity of differentiated instruction, the implementation process of differential teaching, and the implementation of differentiated teaching. Results: This paper took computer design course as an example, mainly from three aspects: the simple Bias classification algorithm, the student’s difference performance and the difference teaching. Based on the related theories, a student classification method based on Naive Bayes algorithm was proposed. Conclusion: This paper took computer design course as an example, mainly from three aspects: the simple Bias classification algorithm, the student’s difference performance and the difference teaching. Based on the related theories, a student classification method based on Naive Bayes algorithm was proposed.
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MF, Qayyum, D. Steffens, Reisenauer HP, and S. Schubert. "Biochars influence differential distribution and chemical composition of soil organic matter." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 8 (August 10, 2014): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/768/2013-pse.
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In the present study, three soils (Ferralsol, Luvisol topsoil, and Luvisol subsoil) were amended with biochars (charcoal, hydrothermal carbonization coal (HTC) of bark, and low-temperature conversion coal of sewage sludge), wheat straw and a control (no amendment) and incubated over a period of 365 days. Each amendment was applied at a rate of 11.29 g C/kg soil. After incubation, the soils were analyzed to retrieve three density fractions (free fraction (FF), intra-aggregate fraction (IAF), and heavy fraction) which were analyzed for total carbon (TC) contents and scanned by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biochars and straw significantly increased the TC contents of soils as compared to control. Among soil organic matter (SOM) density fractions, higher TC contents were documented in the FF and IAF from biochar treatments as compared to the straw. The FTIR spectra of the FF from the charcoal and HTC treatments showed the presence of aluminosilicate minerals on surfaces of SOM. There were slight changes in the FF of straw and HTC treatments as compared to spectra of original amendments. The study suggests that the stability of charcoal and HTC in soils is due to the recalcitrant nature of biochar followed by occlusion into soil micro-aggregates.
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Zeng, X., P. Wu, S. Su, L. Bai, and Q. Feng. "Phosphate has a differential influence on arsenate adsorption by soils with different properties." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 9 (October 2, 2012): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/200/2012-pse.
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The adverse effect of the application of phosphorus (P) on arsenic (As) adsorption by soils can result in increasing mobility and availability of As. However, in different soils, P might influence As adsorption differently. In this study, the arsenate [As<sup>(V)</sup>] adsorption capacities of six soils with different properties and the effects of P application were studied. The results indicated that the adsorbed As<sup>(V)</sup> contents all increased as a function of the As<sup>(V)</sup> content in equilibrium. When analysed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, the maximum As<sup>(V)</sup> adsorption capacity of 0.72 mg/g was found for an Alumi-Plinthic Acrisol, while the minimum capacity of 0.09 mg/g was observed for an Epigleyic Cambisol. The adverse effects of P application on As<sup>(V)</sup> adsorption by the six soils were observed to be variable. When the P/As molar ratio in a culture experiment was increased from 0 to 10, the maximal and minimal decreases in the As<sup>(V)</sup> adsorption capacity of 0.086 and 0.014 mg/g were found in the Alumi-Plinthic Acrisol and Epigleyic Cambisol, respectively. P was relatively more effective in competing for adsorption sites with As<sup>(V)</sup> in the Alumi-Plinthic Acrisol and Luvi-Endogleyic Phaeozem due to their higher A/P values (decrease in adsorbed<br />As/added P) of 1.143 and 1.135, respectively. These results will help decrease the environmental risk of some As-contaminated agricultural soils through the controlled application of P.
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TURNER, ASHLEY N., LORETTA M. FRIEDRICH, and MICHELLE D. DANYLUK. "Influence of Temperature Differential between Tomatoes and Postharvest Water on Salmonella Internalization." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-525.
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ABSTRACT Salmonella bacteria may internalize into tomato pulp when warm tomatoes from the field are submerged into colder water. Several washing steps may follow the initial washing and packing of tomatoes at the packinghouses; the potential for internalization into tomatoes in subsequent washing steps when tomatoes have a cooler pulp temperature is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate Salmonella internalization into mature green and red tomatoes with ambient (21°C) and refrigeration (4°C) pulp temperatures when they were submerged into water at various temperature differentials, simulating repacking and fresh-cut operations. Red (4°C and 21°C) and mature green (21°C) tomatoes were submerged (6 cm) into a six-strain Salmonella cocktail (6 log CFU/ml) and maintained at ±5 and 0°C temperature differentials for varying time intervals, ranging from 30 s to 5 min. Following submersion, tomatoes were surface sterilized using 70% ethanol, the stem abscission zone and blossom end epidermis were removed, and cores were recovered, separated into three segments, and analyzed. Salmonella populations in the segments were enumerated by most probable number (MPN). The effects of temperature differential and maturity on Salmonella populations were analyzed; results were considered significant at a P value of ≥0.5. Internalized populations were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.5) across temperature differentials. Salmonella internalization was seen in tomatoes under all treatment conditions and was highest in the segment immediately below the stem abscission zone. However, populations were low (typically >1 log MPN per segment) and varied greatly across temperature differentials. This suggests that the temperature differential between tomatoes and water beyond the initial packinghouse may be less important than submersion time in Salmonella internalization.
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Hörschelmann, Kathrin, and Nadine Schäfer. "‘Berlin is Not a Foreign Country, Stupid!’—Growing up ‘Global’ in Eastern Germany." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 8 (August 2007): 1855–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38384.
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In this paper we analyse how young East Germans come to be differentially placed in global network space through their socioeconomically and culturally specific engagements with globalised mediascapes and ethnoscapes. We call for greater awareness of the power differentials which shape globalisation, and draw on the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu to show how unequal access to social and cultural capital influences and is reflected in the ‘glocal’ connections through which young people develop and perform their identities. Further, we seek to understand how these differential engagements impact on young people's future trajectories through the development of different competencies. We contend that, precisely how young people are positioned in networks of global–local connectivity matters profoundly, both for the performance of their present identities, and for their future life chances.
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Gaudet, D. A., and B. J. Puchalski. "Influence of temperature on interaction of resistance genes in spring wheat differentials with races of common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-126.
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Temperature affects the expression of resistance to common bunt and can influence the efficacy of tests to screen for resistance to this disease. A study was undertaken to determine the response of spring wheat differentials possessing bunt resistance genes to temperature and races of Tilletia tritici and T. laevis. Differential wheat lines carrying resistance genes Bt-2, Bt-7, Bt-8, Bt-9, and Bt-10, were individually inoculated with bunt races L3, T1, T15, and T27, and incubated at 8, 10 or 15 °C for 0–10 wk. Responses to bunt infection following low temperature incubation at 8, 10, and 15 °C differed among differentials carrying the Bt genes. The resistance of the Bt-10 differential was effective at all three temperatures for all incubation periods whereas the resistance in differentials carrying the Bt-2 or Bt-8 gene was effective at 15 °C but not at 8 °C and 10 °C. Resistance in the Bt-9 differential was ineffective at all three temperatures. The four races of common bunt were similar in their level of infection in the differentials carrying individual Bt genes at the different temperatures although some differences in infection levels were observed. A screening test consisting of 2–4 wk growth at 15 °C followed by growth to maturity in the greenhouse can identify wheat lines containing Bt-8 and Bt-10. Key words:Triticum aestivum, smut, race specific resistance
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Chen, Yuanmei, Haizhen Ren, Lei Zhang, and Yang Zhao. "Computation of Differential in Strong Product Network of Paths via Recursive Iteration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2025, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2025/1/012050.
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Abstract The set differential can be attributed to some influence maximization problems, which are widely used. For example, it is a basic algorithm problem of information diffusion in social networks. In 2004, Lewis et al. extended this concept to the graph, defined the differential of graph. The present article mainly studies the differential in strong product network of paths. Using the basic block recursive iterative method, we obtain closed form formulas for the differential on the strong product network of paths. The method used here is also effective for the differentials in square graphs.
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Hollander, John M., Dharendra Thapa, and Danielle L. Shepherd. "Physiological and structural differences in spatially distinct subpopulations of cardiac mitochondria: influence of cardiac pathologies." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): H1—H14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00747.2013.
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Cardiac tissue contains discrete pools of mitochondria that are characterized by their subcellular spatial arrangement. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) exist below the cell membrane, interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) reside in rows between the myofibrils, and perinuclear mitochondria are situated at the nuclear poles. Microstructural imaging of heart tissue coupled with the development of differential isolation techniques designed to sequentially separate spatially distinct mitochondrial subpopulations have revealed differences in morphological features including shape, absolute size, and internal cristae arrangement. These findings have been complemented by functional studies indicating differences in biochemical parameters and, potentially, functional roles for the ATP generated, based upon subcellular location. Consequently, mitochondrial subpopulations appear to be influenced differently during cardiac pathologies including ischemia/reperfusion, heart failure, aging, exercise, and diabetes mellitus. These influences may be the result of specific structural and functional disparities between mitochondrial subpopulations such that the stress elicited by a given cardiac insult differentially impacts subcellular locales and the mitochondria contained within. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the inherent structural and functional differences that exist between spatially distinct cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations as well as provide an overview of the differential impact of various cardiac pathologies on spatially distinct mitochondrial subpopulations. As an outcome, we will instill a basis for incorporating subcellular spatial location when evaluating the impact of cardiac pathologies on the mitochondrion. Incorporation of subcellular spatial location may offer the greatest potential for delineating the influence of cardiac pathology on this critical organelle.
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CARBONNEAU, R., M. RUTTER, J. L. SILBERG, E. SIMONOFF, and L. J. EAVES. "Assessment of genetic and environmental influences on differential ratings of within-family experiences and relationships in twins." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 4 (May 2002): 729–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005639.
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Background. Although there is evidence that genetic factors influence individual differences in environmental risk exposure, there are few findings on genetic effects on differential parenting. The present study sought to examine this issue.Methods. The sample comprised 1117 pairs of like-sex male and female twins, aged 8–16 years, and their parents, recruited from the school population of Virginia. Differential ratings of the within-family experiences were provided by the Twin Inventory of Relationships and Experiences (TIRE).Results. Dimensions describing the within-family environment based on differential ratings contrasting the twins with one another, were influenced, to an approximately equal extent, by both genetic and environmental factors.Conclusions. The findings suggest that genetic differences between like-sex siblings lead them to experience their family environment differently, but also that environmental influences significantly affect interactions within the family.
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Lazopoulos, Konstantinos A. "On Λ-Fractional Differential Equations." Foundations 2, no. 3 (September 5, 2022): 726–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foundations2030050.
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Λ-fractional differential equations are discussed since they exhibit non-locality and accuracy. Fractional derivatives form fractional differential equations, considered as describing better various physical phenomena. Nevertheless, fractional derivatives fail to satisfy the prerequisites of differential topology for generating differentials. Hence, all the sources of generating fractional differential equations, such as fractional differential geometry, the fractional calculus of variations, and the fractional field theory, are not mathematically accurate. Nevertheless, the Λ-fractional derivative conforms to all prerequisites demanded by differential topology. Hence, the various mathematical forms, including those derivatives, do not lack the mathematical accuracy or defects of the well-known fractional derivatives. A summary of the Λ-fractional analysis is presented with its influence on the sources of differential equations, such as fractional differential geometry, field theorems, and calculus of variations. Λ-fractional ordinary and partial differential equations will be discussed.
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Lee, Bun Song. "The Influence of Rural-Urban Migration on Migrant's Fertility Behavior in Cameroon." International Migration Review 26, no. 4 (December 1992): 1416–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600415.
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An autoregressive model has been applied to the 1978 Cameroon World Fertility Survey data to test the fertility adaptation hypothesis of rural-urban migration. The fertility differential between rural-urban migrants and rural stayers is very small in Cameroon when compared with that of Korea and Mexico. However, the lack of fertility differentials between rural-urban migrants and rural stayers which are the result of the unique cultural and biosocial parameters of African fertility does not imply a weak fertility adaptation effect.
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Tang Qiyong, 唐启永, 曹春燕 Cao Chunyan, 夏兴宇 Xia Xingyu, 刘国彬 Liu Guobin, 赵凡 Zhao Fan, 盛靖超 Sheng Jingchao, and 郭金溢 Guo Jinyi. "匹配干涉结构对远程光纤传感系统噪声的影响." Acta Optica Sinica 43, no. 2 (2023): 0206002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos221071.
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Roth, Stephen M., Robert E. Ferrell, David G. Peters, E. Jeffrey Metter, Ben F. Hurley, and Marc A. Rogers. "Influence of age, sex, and strength training on human muscle gene expression determined by microarray." Physiological Genomics 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2002): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2002.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age, sex, and strength training (ST) on large-scale gene expression patterns in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies using high-density cDNA microarrays and quantitative PCR. Muscle samples from sedentary young (20–30 yr) and older (65–75 yr) men and women (5 per group) were obtained before and after a 9-wk unilateral heavy resistance ST program. RNA was hybridized to cDNA filter microarrays representing ∼4,000 known human genes and comparisons were made among arrays to determine differential gene expression as a result of age and sex differences, and/or response to ST. Sex had the strongest influence on muscle gene expression, with differential expression (>1.7-fold) observed for ∼200 genes between men and women (∼75% with higher expression in men). Age contributed to differential expression as well, as ∼50 genes were identified as differentially expressed (>1.7-fold) in relation to age, representing structural, metabolic, and regulatory gene classes. Sixty-nine genes were identified as being differentially expressed (>1.7-fold) in all groups in response to ST, and the majority of these were downregulated. Quantitative PCR was employed to validate expression levels for caldesmon, SWI/SNF (BAF60b), and four-and-a-half LIM domains 1. These significant differences suggest that in the analysis of skeletal muscle gene expression issues of sex, age, and habitual physical activity must be addressed, with sex being the most critical variable.
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M. Gatia'a1, Ibrahim, and Khwala A. Salman2. "THE INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTING ELLAGIC ACID TO BROILER DIETS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND WHITE BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL COUNTS." iraq journal of market research and consumer protection 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc14.1.2022.(14).
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This study has been carried out in the animal field of the college of agricultural engineering sciences, university of Baghdad, for the period from 12/15/2021 to 1/26 /2022 for 42 d, to investigate the effect of adding different levels of ellagic acid to the diet of broilers, on some physiological characteristics & oxidation indicators in meat compared to vitamin C in meat, 225 Ross 308 chicks were used, divided randomly to five treatments such us: T1: control group without additives to diet, & the other T2, T3, T4 was added ellagic acid (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/ kg diet) respectively and T5: was added vitamin C 0.5 mg/ kg, the birds were given ellagic acid & vitamin C from day one to the end of the experiment, the study results were showed a significant differences increase (P<0.05) improved at T4 treatment in the first & second week & in T2 and T4. in the 4th and 5th weeks treatment T2 was superior, to show a significant advantage of the control treatment & T1,T2 in the 2nd week for the trait of overweight, in the 4th and 5th weeks the treatment T2 was superior for the total weight gain, there was an improvement in the feed conversion in 4th week in T2, in the 5th week the treatment T2 was superior, there was a significantly superior in T2 for total weight gain rate, there was a significant increase in the feed conversion in T1 and T4 in the 2nd week.
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Wineberg, Howard, and James McCarthy. "Differential fertility in the United States, 1980: continuity or change?" Journal of Biosocial Science 18, no. 3 (July 1986): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200001628x.
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SummaryThis paper considers how changes in women's socio-cultural characteristics have influenced recent patterns of differential fertility in the United States and whether the convergence of fertility differentials observed up to 1970 has continued. Analysis of data from the June 1980 United States Current Population Survey, suggests that there has been no change in differential fertility in recent years. Age at first birth, length of first birth interval, income and education were all negatively associated with fertility, among both older and younger women. When fertility expectations were examined, however, the association of the independent variables with expected completed fertility was weaker among younger women, indicating that there has been some convergence in expected completed fertility. Further narrowing of differentials in actual fertility depends on how successful the younger women are in preventing future unplanned births.
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Milosevic-Mitic, Vesna, Tasko Maneski, Nina Andjelic, Ljubica Milovic, Ana Petrovic, and Branka Gacesa. "Dynamic temperature field in the ferromagnetic plate induced by moving high frequency inductor." Thermal Science 18, suppl.1 (2014): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130216173m.
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The subject of the paper is the temperature distribution in the thin metallic ferromagnetic plate influenced by moving linear high frequency induction heater. As a result of high frequency electromagnetic field, conducting currents appear in the part of the plate. Distribution of the eddy-current power across the plate thickness is obtained by use of complex analysis. The influences of the heater frequency, magnetic field intensity and plate thickness on the heat power density were discussed. By treating this power as a moving heat source, differential equations governing distribution of the temperature field are formulated. Temperature across the plate thickness is assumed to be in linear form. Differential equations are analytically solved by using integral-transform technique, Fourier finite-sine and finite-cosine transform and Laplace transform. The influence of the heater velocity to the plate temperature is presented on numerical examples based on theoretically obtained results.
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Ong, L. K., and S. T. Ha. "Influence of Linking Group Orientation on Mesomorphism of Two Aromatic Ring Mesogens." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/864819.
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A new homologous series of alkyl 4-{[(4-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}benzoates were prepared, and all the members are differentiate by the alkoxy chain length,CnH2n+1O, wheren=2–7, 9, 11, 13, 15. Their phase transition behaviors and mesophase characteristics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical polarizing microscopy techniques. DSC thermograms show direct isotropization and recrystallization during heating and cooling processes, respectively. The crystal phase changed directly to dark area textures (isotropic phase) without displaying any mesophase. The mesomorphic properties of compounds studied are strongly dependent on the orientation of the ester linkage. Reversed ester linkage has caused depression of mesomorphic property in the compounds studied.
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Eshuis, Jasper, Erik Braun, Erik Hans Klijn, and Sebastian Zenker. "The differential effect of various stakeholder groups in place marketing." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 5 (August 17, 2017): 916–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417726333.
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This article analyses whether involving various stakeholder groups in place marketing has effects on the content of place brands, and on how place marketing influences other policy fields, i.e. spatial planning and tourism/leisure policies. The research applies structural equation modelling to nationwide surveys in the Netherlands and Germany among professionals in place marketing ( N = 444). The study shows that different stakeholder groups have a varied influence; involving residents and public managers increases the influence of place marketing on spatial planning policies, whereas involving businesses increases influence on tourism/leisure policies. Other studies have shown varying influence of stakeholder groups in cases, but not in quantitative studies. The research also addresses the mechanisms at play in Germany and the Netherlands, showing mainly commonalities.
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Farley, Sally D., and Mark F. Stasson. "Relative Influences of Affect and Cognition on Behavior: Are Feelings or Beliefs More Related to Blood Donation Intentions?" Experimental Psychology 50, no. 1 (January 2003): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1618-3169.50.1.55.
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This study tested the relative predictive power of affect and cognition on global attitude and behavioral intention within the tripartite model of attitude structure. Participants (N = 264) completed questionnaires that included an item regarding blood donation experience, five semantic differential items, four behavioral intention items, and one global attitude item. Participants were randomly assigned to either an affective or cognitive instruction set for the semantic differential items. As predicted, semantic differentials were more highly correlated with both global attitude and behavioral intention when completed under the affective instructions than under the cognitive instructions. In addition, donors’ and non-donors’ attitudes on the semantic differential scales were distinguished from one another only when they were elicited under the affective instruction set. Results provide support for the tripartite model of attitude structure. Future research should examine the relative importance of affect and cognition in less emotion-laden domains.
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Rajna, Alex, Heather Gibling, Ousseynou Sarr, Sarthak Matravadia, Graham P. Holloway, and David M. Mutch. "Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid differentially regulate the skeletal muscle secretome of obese Zucker rats." Physiological Genomics 50, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00038.2018.
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Evidence shows that proteins secreted from skeletal muscle influence a broad range of metabolic signaling pathways. We previously reported that essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) improved whole-body glucose homeostasis in obese Zucker rats; however, the mechanisms underlying these benefits remain enigmatic. While PUFA and obesity influence skeletal muscle function, their effects on the secretome are unknown. The aim of this work was to determine if improvements in whole-body glucose homeostasis in obese Zucker rats fed diets supplemented with either linoleic acid (LA) or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) for 12 wk are related to changes in the skeletal muscle secretome. Secreted proteins were identified with a predictive bioinformatic analysis of microarray gene expression from red tibialis anterior skeletal muscle. Approximately 130 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate = 0.05) in obese rats compared with lean controls. The expression of 15 genes encoding secreted proteins was differentially regulated in obese controls, obese LA-supplemented, and obese ALA-supplemented rats compared with lean controls. Five secreted proteins ( Col3a1, Col15a1, Pdgfd, Lyz2, and Angptl4) were differentially regulated by LA and ALA. Most notably, ALA supplementation reduced Angptl4 gene expression compared with obese control and obese-LA supplemented rats and reduced circulating ANGPTL4 serum concentrations. ALA also influenced Angptl4 gene expression and ANGPTL4 secretion from differentiated rat L6 myotubes. Altogether, the present data indicate that obesity has a greater global impact on skeletal muscle gene expression than either essential PUFA; however, LA and ALA may exert their metabolic benefits in part by regulating the skeletal muscle secretome.
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Medvedovic, M., R. Gear, J. M. Freudenberg, J. Schneider, R. Bornschein, M. Yan, M. J. Mistry, et al. "Influence of fatty acid diets on gene expression in rat mammary epithelial cells." Physiological Genomics 38, no. 1 (June 2009): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00007.2009.
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Background: This study examines the impact of dietary fatty acids on regulation of gene expression in mammary epithelial cells before and during puberty. Methods: Diets primarily consisted of n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (olive oil), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (safflower), saturated acids (butter), and the reference AIN-93G diet (soy oil). The dietary regimen mimics the repetitive nature of fatty acid exposure in Western diets. Diet-induced changes in gene expression were examined in laser capture microdissected mammary ductal epithelial cells at day of weaning and end of puberty. PCNA immunohistochemistry analysis compared proliferation rates between diets. Results: Genes differentially expressed between each test diets and the reference diet were significantly enriched by cell cycle genes. Some of these genes were involved in activation of the cell cycle pathway or the G2/M check point pathway. Although there were some differences in the level of differential expression, all diets showed qualitatively the same pattern of differential expression compared to the reference diet. Cluster analysis identified an expanded set of cell cycle as well as immunity and sterol metabolism related clusters of differentially expressed genes. Conclusion: Fatty acid-enriched diets significantly upregulated proliferation above normal physiological levels during puberty. Higher cellular proliferation during puberty caused by enriched fatty acid diets poses a potential increase risk of mammary cancer in later life. The human homologs of 27 of 62 cell cycle rat genes are included in a human breast cancer cluster of 45 cell cycle genes, further emphasizing the importance of our findings in the rat model.
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Gu, Chao, J. Andrew Pruszynski, Paul L. Gribble, and Brian D. Corneil. "A rapid visuomotor response on the human upper limb is selectively influenced by implicit motor learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00720.2018.
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How do humans learn to adapt their motor actions to achieve task success? Recent behavioral and patient studies have challenged the classic notion that motor learning arises solely from the errors produced during a task, suggesting instead that explicit cognitive strategies can act in concert with the implicit, error-based, motor learning component. In this study, we show that the earliest wave of directionally tuned neuromuscular activity that begins within ~100 ms of peripheral visual stimulus onset is selectively influenced by the implicit component of motor learning. In contrast, the voluntary neuromuscular activity associated with reach initiation, which evolves ~100–200 ms later, is influenced by both the implicit and explicit components of motor learning. The selective influence of the implicit, but not explicit, component of motor learning on the directional tuning of the earliest cascade of neuromuscular activity supports the notion that these components of motor learning can differentially influence descending motor pathways. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor learning can be driven both by an implicit error-based component and an explicit strategic component, but the influence of these components on the descending pathways that contribute to motor control is unknown. In this study, we show that the implicit component selectively influences a reflexive circuit that rapidly generates a visuomotor response on the human upper limb. Our results show that the substrates mediating implicit and explicit motor learning exert distinct influences on descending motor pathways.
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Vidal, José, and Adela Fusté. "Antibody Response and Some Behaviors as Differential Traits between Two Inbred Strains of Mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c)." Psychological Reports 72, no. 1 (February 1993): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.1.111.
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The goals of this research were to find out if the antibody response and some behaviors are differential traits for murine strains C57BL/6 and BALB/c and to study the influence of strain and isolation on both behavior and the antibody response. 21 C57BL/6 male mice and 28 BALB/c male mice were used; of those, 11 C57BL/6 and 16 BALB/c were kept isolated, and the remaining mice were housed 2 per cage. The tests were Open-fields 1, 2, and 3 (of varying light and sound stimulation), holeboard, light-darkness test, immunization with rat erythrocytes; in addition, the mice were weighed. The traits that best differentiated both strains (according to discriminant analysis) were weight, IgM primary response, and emotional behavior (ambulation, rearing, and defecation in stimulating open-fields). Social isolation (of adult mice) influenced emotional behavior, but not the antibody response.
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Silva, Gisele B., Laércio Zambolim, Anne S. Prabhu, Leila G. Araújo, and Francisco J. P. Zimmermann. "Estimation of phenotypic diversity in field populations of Magnaporthe grisea from two upland rice cultivars." Fitopatologia Brasileira 32, no. 1 (February 2007): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582007000100001.
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The phenotypic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea was evaluated based on leaf samples with blast lesions collected from eight commercial fields of the upland rice cultivars 'BRS Primavera' and 'BRS Bonança', during the growing seasons of 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, in Goias State. The number of M. grisea isolates from each field utilized for virulence testing varied from 28 to 47. Three different indices were used based on reaction type in the eight standard international differentials and eight Brazilian differentials. The M. grisea subpopulations of ´Primavera' and 'Bonança', as measured by Simpson, Shannon and Gleason indices, showed similar phenotypic diversities. The Simpson index was more sensitive relation than those of Shannon and Gleason for pathotype number and standard deviation utilizing Brazilian differentials. However, the Gleason index was sensitive to standard deviation for international differentials. The sample size did not significantly influence the diversity index. The two sets of differential cultivars used in this study distinguished phenotypic diversity in different ways in all of the eight subpopulations analyzed. The phenotypic diversity determined based on eight differential Brazilian cultivars was lower in commercial rice fields of 'Primavera' than in the fields of 'Bonança,' independent of the diversity index utilized, year and location. Considering the Brazilian differentials, the four subpopulations of 'BRS Primavera' did not show evenness in distribution and only one pathotype dominated in the populations. The even distribution of pathotype was observed in three subpopulations of 'BRS Bonança'. The pathotype diversity of M. grisea was determined with more precision using Brazilian differentials and Simpson index.
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Sawase, K., and K. Inoue. "Maximum acceptable differential speed ratio of lateral torque-vectoring differentials for vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 223, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1148.
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A lateral torque-vectoring differential consists of a slip clutch for torque vectoring from right to left, another slip clutch for torque vectoring from left to right, differential gears, and some planetary gears which generate the differential speeds of the slip clutches. The present authors introduced a design parameter, namely the maximum acceptable differential speed ratio, and showed that the design parameter is very useful to analyse the lateral torque-vectoring differentials. The minimum of the design parameter is determined by the vehicle driving condition in which the torque-vectoring differential should be activated. In order to find the most appropriate value of the design parameter, this paper studies possible influences — namely the vehicle track, vehicle cornering radius, dynamic tyre radius difference between right and left wheels, lateral torque vectoring, and tyre—road friction characteristic — on the maximum acceptable differential speed ratio. As a result, the lateral torque vectoring and tyre—road friction characteristic should be considered as much as the vehicle track or cornering radius; meanwhile the dynamic tyre radius variation is negligible. Finally, a determination method for the maximum acceptable differential speed ratio is proposed.
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Iwanicka, Ewelina, Paweł Więch, Magdalena Magoń, Edyta Guty, Grzegorz Kucaba, and Marek Muster. "Influence of selected socio-demographic factors on the cardiopulmonary resuscitation effectiveness." Emergency Medical Service 9, no. 1 (2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202201105.
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Aim: To assess the influence of selected socio-demographic factors on the CPR effectiveness performed by the police officers during the service. Material and methods: An observational, pilot study was conducted on a group of 90 police officers working in Rzeszów poviat. Each officer performed a 2-minute CPR on a dedicated Resusci Anne QCPR training phantom. The obtained parameters for chest compressions and ventilation were recorded using a dedicated SimPad SkillReporter tablet. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.1 software. Results: The analysis of the obtained results concerning the influence of sociodemographic variables on the quality of CPR showed that both age, sex and work seniority significantly differentiated the selected parameters of chest com¬pressions. Being an older man predisposed to deeper chest compressions. Women performed chest relaxation more ef¬fectively. Younger policemen provided chest compressions at a frequency recommended by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines. The above variables did not differentiate the groups in terms of ventilation. Conclusions: The age, sex and work seniority of the surveyed policemen significantly influenced the performance of chest compressions with no differences in ventilation parameters.
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Wetzel, Eunike, and Benedikt Hell. "Gender-Related Differential Item Functioning in Vocational Interest Measurement." Journal of Individual Differences 34, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000112.
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Large mean differences are consistently found in the vocational interests of men and women. These differences may be attributable to real differences in the underlying traits. However, they may also depend on the properties of the instrument being used. It is conceivable that, in addition to the intended dimension, items assess a second dimension that differentially influences responses by men and women. This question is addressed in the present study by analyzing a widely used German interest inventory (Allgemeiner Interessen-Struktur-Test, AIST-R) regarding differential item functioning (DIF) using a DIF estimate in the framework of item response theory. Furthermore, the impact of DIF at the scale level is investigated using differential test functioning (DTF) analyses. Several items on the AIST-R’s scales showed significant DIF, especially on the Realistic, Social, and Enterprising scales. Removal of DIF items reduced gender differences on the Realistic scale, though gender differences on the Investigative, Artistic, and Social scales remained practically unchanged. Thus, responses to some AIST-R items appear to be influenced by a secondary dimension apart from the interest domain the items were intended to measure.
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Alexander, Rymanov. "Differential land rent and agricultural taxation." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 9 (September 11, 2017): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/127/2016-agricecon.
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The paper addresses the influence of various types of taxes on changes in differential (Ricardian) land rent, and the economic performance of agricultural producers. Labour and capital taxes lead to higher prices for agricultural products, causing a decrease in consumer demand and lower income for agricultural producers (mostly utilizing marginal land). A polynomial single-product model has been used to demonstrate that reducing the tax burden on agricultural producers – specifically taxes on labour and capital – will result in increases in differential land rents on the average and relatively better plots, and/or the emergence of the rent on the marginal land. Thus, substituting labour and capital taxes for land/property taxes reduces the overall tax burden of agricultural producers on marginal lands.
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Kumar, Alok. "Dynamic Style Preferences of Individual Investors and Stock Returns." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 44, no. 3 (June 2009): 607–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009990020.
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AbstractThis study shows that individual investors systematically shift their preferences across extreme style portfolios (small vs. large, value vs. growth). These preference shifts are influenced by past style returns and earnings differentials, and advice from investment newsletters, but are unaffected by innovations in macroeconomic variables or shifts in expectations about future cash flows. Furthermore, investors’ dynamic style preferences influence returns along multiple dimensions: i) the contemporaneous relation between style returns and style-level preference shifts is strong, ii) there is weak evidence of style return predictability, and iii) the correlations among stocks within a style increase when investors move into or out of the style with greater intensity. Overall, the results indicate that stock categorization influences investors’ portfolio decisions and stock returns.
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Tsiakkas, Orestis, Carlos Escott, Iris Loira, Antonio Morata, Doris Rauhut, and José Antonio Suárez-Lepe. "Determination of Anthocyanin and Volatile Profile of Wines from Varieties Yiannoudi and Maratheftiko from the Island of Cyprus." Beverages 6, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages6010004.
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Anthocyanins and volatile aromas may contribute to the identity of a wine varietal. Various parameters such as terroir (including vineyard altitude), viticultural management, vinification techniques and ageing conditions can influence the physiochemical pathways of the compounds. This work evaluated the anthocyanins and volatile compounds of two monovarietal wines from indigenous varieties, Yiannoudi and Maratheftiko, grown in the island of Cyprus from the vintages 2014, 2015 and 2016. The experimental analysis comprised the determination of anthocyanin’s profile (high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) and fermentation derived volatiles (gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, GC-FID) and a blind wine testing sensory evaluation. Both the analytical results and the blind wine tasting showed that wines, at their early stage, were easily differentiated by variety, especially in terms of anthocyanins composition, while, in aged wines, the differences among samples were influenced in time by the winemaking procedures and it was not possible to differentiate varieties in such conditions.
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Bremigan, Mary T., and Roy A. Stein. "Gape-dependent Larval Foraging and Zooplankton Size: Implications for Fish Recruitment across Systems." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-090.
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Small gape of zooplanktivorous larval fish limits their prey size; yet, within constraints set by gape, zooplankton size eaten influences larval growth and ultimately survival. To determine if optimal zooplankton size varied among fish species with different gapes, we conducted foraging trials with larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus, 10–26 mm TL) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum, 18–31 mm TL). Larvae (n = 10) fed for 1 h on zooplankton assemblages that varied in size, after which all larvae and remaining zooplankton were preserved. Larval gape was measured; both larval gut contents and available zooplankton were quantified. Bluegill, the large-gaped species, fed on larger zooplankton than did gizzard shad with similar gapes. Further, larger bluegill fed on progressively larger zooplankton whereas all gizzard shad ate small prey (< 0.60 mm). As available zooplankton size increased, bluegill prey size increased whereas gizzard shad consistently selected small prey. Therefore, differences in zooplankton size among lakes could differentially affect foraging success of larval fishes. In particular, systems with small zooplankton may represent ideal foraging environments for gizzard shad whereas lakes with large zooplankton may favor larval bluegill. If differential larval foraging translates to differential growth and survival, zooplankton size could influence recruitment success and ultimately fish community composition.
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De Buck, Ann, and Lieven J. R. Pauwels. "Are Impulsive Adolescents Differentially Vulnerable to Normative or Situational Peer Influences? A Partial Replication Study." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 35, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219873185.
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Ample research in criminology investigates the role of deviant peers in the development of adolescent offending. Different theoretical explanations account for distinct peer influences. The socialization perspective argues that deviant peers influence behavior through the provision of norms and values, whereas the situational perspective argues that deviant peers provide situational opportunities for deviant behavior. This study partially retests the propositions put forward by Thomas and McGloin’s study of dual systems, differential peer effects, and adolescent offending. We address the question to what extent trait impulsivity affects social and situational peer processes controlling for parental supervision, family bond, school bond, and deviant norms. Analysis of the cross-national International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3) data suggests that adolescents at the edges of trait impulsivity are differentially vulnerable to the effects of deviant peer processes. However, the findings need to be nuanced. We discuss the contribution of the current study to a better understanding of the interplay between individual characteristics and exposure to deviant peers.
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Chandra, Sunandini, Raju Kalaivani, Manoj Kumar, Narayanaswamy Srinivasan, and Debi P. Sarkar. "Sendai virus recruits cellular villin to remodel actin cytoskeleton during fusion with hepatocytes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 26 (December 15, 2017): 3801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0400.
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Reconstituted Sendai viral envelopes (virosomes) are well recognized for their promising potential in membrane fusion–mediated delivery of bioactive molecules to liver cells. Despite the known function of viral envelope glycoproteins in catalyzing fusion with cellular membrane, the role of host cell proteins remains elusive. Here, we used two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis to analyze hepatic cells in early response to virosome-induced membrane fusion. Quantitative mass spectrometry together with biochemical analysis revealed that villin, an actin-modifying protein, is differentially up-regulated and phosphorylated at threonine 206—an early molecular event during membrane fusion. We found that villin influences actin dynamics and that this influence, in turn, promotes membrane mixing through active participation of Sendai viral envelope glycoproteins. Modulation of villin in host cells also resulted in a discernible effect on the entry and egress of progeny Sendai virus. Taken together, these results suggest a novel mechanism of regulated viral entry in animal cells mediated by host factor villin.
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Brown, Gregory P., and Richard Shine. "Maternal body size influences offspring immune configuration in an oviparous snake." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 3 (March 2016): 160041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160041.
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Like most ectothermic vertebrates, keelback snakes ( Tropidonophis mairii ) do not exhibit parental care. Thus, offspring must possess an immune system capable of dealing with challenges such as pathogens, without assistance from an attendant parent. We know very little about immune system characteristics of neonatal reptiles, including the magnitude of heritability and other maternal influences. To identify sources of variation in circulating white blood cell (WBC) concentrations and differentials, we examined blood smears from 246 hatchling snakes and their field-caught mothers. WBC concentrations were lower in hatchlings than in adults, and hatchlings had more basophils and fewer azurophils than adults. A hatchling keelback's WBC differential was also influenced by its sex and body size. Although hatchling WBC measures exhibited negligible heritability, they were strongly influenced by maternal body size and parasite infection (but not by maternal body condition, relative clutch mass or time in captivity). Larger mothers produced offspring with more azurophils and fewer lymphocytes. The mechanisms and consequences of WBC variation are currently unknown, but if these maternal effects enhance offspring fitness, the impact of maternal body size on reproductive success may be greater than expected simply from allometric increases in the numbers and sizes of progeny.
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Philonenko, E. S., M. V. Shutova, Е. А. Khomyakova, Е. М. Vassina, О. S. Lebedeva, S. L. Kiselev, and М. А. Lagarkova. "Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesodermal and Ectodermal Derivatives Is Independent of the Type of Isogenic Reprogrammed Somatic Cells." Acta Naturae 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2017-9-1-68-74.
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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the capacity to unlimitedly proliferate and differentiate into all types of somatic cells. This capacity makes them a valuable source of cells for research and clinical use. However, the type of cells to be reprogrammed, the selection of clones, and the various genetic manipulations during reprogramming may have an impact both on the properties of iPSCs and their differentiated derivatives. To assess this influence, we used isogenic lines of iPSCs obtained by reprogramming of three types of somatic cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cells. We showed that technical manipulations in vitro, such as cell sorting and selection of clones, did not lead to the bottleneck effect, and that isogenic iPSCs derived from different types of somatic cells did not differ in their ability to differentiate into the hematopoietic and neural directions. Thus, the type of somatic cells used for the generation of fully reprogrammed iPSCs is not important for the practical and scientific application of iPSCs.
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Csink, Amy K., Alexander Bounoutas, Michelle L. Griffith, Joy F. Sabl, and Brian T. Sage. "Differential Gene Silencing by trans-heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 160, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.1.257.
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Abstract The brownDominant (bwD) allele contains a large insertion of heterochromatin leading to the trans-inactivation of the wild-type allele in bwD/bw+ heterozygous flies. This silencing is correlated with the localization of bw+ to a region of the interphase nucleus containing centric heterochromatin. We have used a series of transgene constructs inserted in the vicinity of the bw locus to demarcate both the extent of bwD influence along the chromosome and the relative sensitivities of various genes. Examples of regulatory regions that are highly sensitive, moderately sensitive, and insensitive were found. Additionally, by using the same transgene at increasing distances from the bwD insertion site in trans we were able to determine the range of influence of the heterochromatic neighborhood in terms of chromosomal distance. When the transgene was farther away from bw, there was, indeed, a tendency for it to be less trans-inactivated. However, insertion site also influenced silencing: a gene 86 kb away was trans-inactivated, while the same transgene 45 kb away was not. Thus location, distance, and gene-specific differences all influence susceptibility to trans-silencing near a heterochromatic neighborhood. These results have important implications for the ability of nuclear positioning to influence the expression of large blocks of a chromosome.
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Давыдов, В. В., and А. В. Мороз. "Исследование рефрактометром дифференциального типа влияния оптической плотности текущей жидкости на погрешность измерения показателя преломления." Журнал технической физики 128, no. 9 (2020): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.09.49869.133-20.
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Factors that are affected the influence of the measurement error of the refractive index n in the flowing liquid (change in its optical density and temperature) are established. A during the using a differential flow type refractometer for measuring n flowing fliquid on the error in measuring the refractive index is additionally influenced by the scattering of radiation in the cell transducer and the wedge-shaped glass of the cell. New design of a differential refractometer for investigation of the optical density influence of the flowing liquid on the measurement error n is developped. New results confirming the influence of changes in the optical density of the flowing liquid on the measuring error of the refractive index n are recived. Compensation technique of the changes influence a optical density on the measurement error n is offered.
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Carriles-Alberdi, Maria, Carlos Lopez-Gutierrez, and Ana Fernandez-Laviada. "The Influence of the Ecosystem on the Motivation of Social Entrepreneurs." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020922.
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Social entrepreneurs have particular characteristics that differentiate them from commercial entrepreneurs, but research on this differential behavior is still a field in which many questions need to be explored. Specifically, a factor of special relevance is the ecosystem where social entrepreneurial activity takes place. The aim of this study is to analyze how the ecosystem affects the motivation of social entrepreneurs compared to commercial entrepreneurs. This general objective is divided into two specific objectives. First, we analyze how the ecosystem influences the probability of being a social entrepreneur, considering both factors of the entrepreneurial environment and economic and financial factors. Second, we analyze whether the effect of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is determined by the level of development of the country where the activity takes place. The results show that the entrepreneurial ecosystem (the entrepreneurial, financial, and institutional environment) determines the motivation of social entrepreneurs in a different way compared to commercial entrepreneurs. In addition, we find that this influence is different according to the level of development of countries.
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Evdokiou, Alexander, Onur Kanisicak, Stephanie Gierek, Amanda Barry, Malina J. Ivey, Xiang Zhang, Richard J. Bodnar, and Latha Satish. "Characterization of Burn Eschar Pericytes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020606.
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Pericytes are cells that reside adjacent to microvasculature and regulate vascular function. Pericytes gained great interest in the field of wound healing and regenerative medicine due to their multipotential fate and ability to enhance angiogenesis. In burn wounds, scarring and scar contractures are the major pathologic feature and cause loss of mobility. The present study investigated the influence of burn wound environment on pericytes during wound healing. Pericytes isolated from normal skin and tangentially excised burn eschar tissues were analyzed for differences in gene and protein expression using RNA-seq., immunocytochemistry, and ELISA analyses. RNA-seq identified 443 differentially expressed genes between normal- and burn eschar-derived pericytes. Whereas, comparing normal skin pericytes to normal skin fibroblasts identified 1021 distinct genes and comparing burn eschar pericytes to normal skin fibroblasts identified 2449 differential genes. Altogether, forkhead box E1 (FOXE1), a transcription factor, was identified as a unique marker for skin pericytes. Interestingly, FOXE1 levels were significantly elevated in burn eschar pericytes compared to normal. Additionally, burn wound pericytes showed increased expression of profibrotic genes periostin, fibronectin, and endosialin and a gain in contractile function, suggesting a contribution to scarring and fibrosis. Our findings suggest that the burn wound environment promotes pericytes to differentiate into a myofibroblast-like phenotype promoting scar formation and fibrosis.
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Sedikides, Constantine. "Central and peripheral self-conceptions are differentially influenced by mood: Tests of the differential sensitivity hypothesis." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69, no. 4 (1995): 759–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.759.
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Williams-Blangero, Sarah, Charles D. Criscione, John L. VandeBerg, Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira, Kimberly D. Williams, Janardan Subedi, Jack W. Kent, Jeff Williams, Satish Kumar, and John Blangero. "Host genetics and population structure effects on parasitic disease." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1590 (March 19, 2012): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0296.
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Host genetic factors exert significant influences on differential susceptibility to many infectious diseases. In addition, population structure of both host and parasite may influence disease distribution patterns. In this study, we assess the effects of population structure on infectious disease in two populations in which host genetic factors influencing susceptibility to parasitic disease have been extensively studied. The first population is the Jirel population of eastern Nepal that has been the subject of research on the determinants of differential susceptibility to soil-transmitted helminth infections. The second group is a Brazilian population residing in an area endemic for Trypanosoma cruzi infection that has been assessed for genetic influences on differential disease progression in Chagas disease. For measures of Ascaris worm burden, within-population host genetic effects are generally more important than host population structure factors in determining patterns of infectious disease. No significant influences of population structure on measures associated with progression of cardiac disease in individuals who were seropositive for T. cruzi infection were found.
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Zhang, Shu Hai. "Evolution Mechanism of Public Psychology Amidst Food Safety Emergencies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 1535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.1535.
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Public psychological reaction to food safety emergencies is influenced by various factors like the destructive force of events, the influence of rumors, government intervention and public risk response ability, among which the most direct influence to public psychology is disaster information dissemination. This paper investigate the influences that panic growth rate, white noise rumor and government intervention have on public psychology amidst food safety emergencies, and propose the public psychology regulation system to cope with food safety emergencies. The goal of our research is: revealing the mutual inhibition mechanism between mass rationality and mass panic in food safety events. Our research results indicate that with the changes of mass panic growth rate, the public psychology differentiates into two steady states (mass panic and public numbness) and one unsteady state (mass rationality state). Meanwhile, mass panic and public numbness leap to change at the saddle node bifurcation points, and there exists a lagging effect.
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Zehavi, Amos. "Religionization from the Bottom up: Religiosity Trends and Institutional Change Mechanisms in Israeli Public Services." Politics and Religion 10, no. 3 (April 24, 2017): 489–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048317000232.
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AbstractThis study asks how religious change at the social level (as expressed in increased religiosity) influences the religious behavior of public organizations. The study's empirical foundation is three Israeli case studies that focus on the impact of growing religiosity in Israeli Jewish society on three large public institutions: the military, healthcare, and schools. Based on comparative analysis of the three case studies, it is shown that variation in the extent of religionization in public organizations is influenced primarily by the religious composition of workers and consumers of a specific public organization. The influence of political pressure from above, however, is marginal. In addition, this study demonstrates how organizational religionization is differentially mediated by institutional mechanisms/structures: institutional layering or conversion.
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Belsky, Jay. "Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences." International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy 7, no. 2 (November 2013): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/2288-6729-7-2-15.
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Mardaga, Solange, and Michel Hansenne. "Personality and Skin Conductance Responses to Reward and Punishment." Journal of Individual Differences 33, no. 1 (January 2012): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000057.
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For several years now, the somatic aspect of emotions has been regarded as a major factor in the decision-making process. A large body of literature has investigated this issue, within the somatic marker hypothesis perspective, using the classical Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Many studies reported an influence of clinical and differential factors, including personality, on IGT performance. On the other hand, personality appears to modulate the emotional responses as a function of valence (i.e., responses to rewards vs. punishments). The present study investigated whether the influence of personality on the decision-making process might be mediated by differential emotional responsiveness. Skin conductance levels were recorded in 32 subjects while performing the IGT. The results showed that novelty seeking (NS) modulated the skin conductance responses to feedback, and both NS and harm avoidance (HA) influenced anticipative response development. We also found that NS tended to modulate the final score, beyond the influence of beneficial anticipative autonomic responses. The present data partially support the hypothesis that personality-related differential emotional responsiveness may modulate somatic marker development in a decision-making situation. On the other hand, personality influence on the performance was not entirely explained by these emotional differences.
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Anderson, Michael T., Joseph M. Kiesecker, Douglas P. Chivers, and Andrew R. Blaustein. "The direct and indirect effects of temperature on a predatorprey relationship." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-158.
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Abiotic factors may directly influence community structure by influencing biotic interactions. In aquatic systems, where gape-limited predators are common, abiotic factors that influence organisms' growth rates potentially mediate predatorprey interactions indirectly through effects on prey size. We tested the hypothesis that temperature influences interactions between aquatic size-limited insect predators (Notonecta kirbyi) and their larval anuran prey (Hyla regilla) beyond its indirect effect on prey size. Notonecta kirbyi and H. regilla were raised and tested in predatorprey trials at one of three experimentally maintained temperatures, 9.9, 20.7, or 25.7°C. Temperature strongly influenced anuran growth and predator success; mean tadpole mass over time was positively related to temperature, while the number of prey caught was negatively related. At higher temperatures tadpoles attained greater mass more quickly, allowing them to avoid capture by notonectids. However, the probability of capture is a function of both mass and temperature; temperature was a significant explanatory variable in a logistic regression equation predicting prey capture. For a given prey mass, tadpoles raised in warmer water experienced a higher probability of capture by notonectids. Thus, rather than being static, prey size refugia are influenced directly by abiotic factors, in this case temperature. This suggests that temperature exerts differential effects on notonectid and larval anurans, leading to differences in the probability of prey capture for a given prey mass. Therefore, temperature can influence predatorprey interactions via indirect effects on prey size and direct effects on prey.
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Pallotta, Maria Michela, Chiara Fogliano, and Rosa Carotenuto. "Temperature Incubation Influences Gonadal Gene Expression during Leopard Gecko Development." Animals 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 3186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223186.
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During development, sexual differentiation results in physiological, anatomical and metabolic differences that implicate not only the gonads but also other body structures. Sex in Leopard geckos is determined by egg incubation temperature. Based on the premise that the developmental decision of gender does not depend on a single gene, we performed an analysis on E. macularius to gain insights into the genes that may be involved in gonads’ sexual differentiation during the thermosensitive period. All the genes were identified as differentially expressed at stage 30 during the labile phase of sex differentiation. In this way, the expression of genes known to be involved in gonadal sexual differentiation, such as WNT4, SOX9, DMRT1, Erα, Erβ, GnRH, P450 aromatase, PRL and PRL-R, was investigated. Other genes putatively involved in sex differentiation were sought by differential display. Our findings indicate that embryo exposure to a sex-determining temperature induces differential expression of several genes that are involved not only in gonadal differentiation, but also in several biological pathways (ALDOC, FREM1, BBIP1, CA5A, NADH5, L1 non-LTR retrotransposons, PKM). Our data perfectly fit within the new studies conducted in developmental biology, which indicate that in the developing embryo, in addition to gonadal differentiation, sex-specific tissue and metabolic polarization take place in all organisms.
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Coutinho, Bruna G., Danilo Licastro, Lucia Mendonça-Previato, Miguel Cámara, and Vittorio Venturi. "Plant-Influenced Gene Expression in the Rice Endophyte Burkholderia kururiensis M130." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 1 (January 2015): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-14-0225-r.
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Burkholderia kururiensis M130 is one of the few rice endophytic diazotrophic bacteria identified thus far which is able to enhance growth of rice. To date, very little is known of how strain M130 and other endophytes enter and colonize plants. Here, we identified genes of strain M130 that are differentially regulated in the presence of rice plant extract. A genetic screening of a promoter probe transposon mutant genome bank and RNAseq analysis were performed. The screening of 10,100 insertions of the genomic transposon reporter library resulted in the isolation of 61 insertions displaying differential expression in response to rice macerate. The RNAseq results validated this screen and indicated that this endophytic bacterium undergoes major changes in the presence of plant extract regulating 27.7% of its open reading frames. A large number of differentially expressed genes encode membrane transporters and secretion systems, indicating that the exchange of molecules is an important aspect of bacterial endophytic growth. Genes related to motility, chemotaxis, and adhesion were also overrepresented, further suggesting plant–bacteria interaction. This work highlights the potential close signaling taking place between plants and bacteria and helps us to begin to understand the adaptation of an endophyte in planta.