Relevant bibliographies by topics / Differential Evolution

Academic literature on the topic 'Differential Evolution'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Differential Evolution"

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Ali, M. M. "Differential evolution with generalized differentials." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235, no. 8 (February 2011): 2205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2010.10.018.

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Wang, Shir Li, Theam Foo Ng, and Farid Morsidi. "Self-adaptive Ensemble Based Differential Evolution." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 8, no. 3 (June 2018): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2018.8.3.701.

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Worasucheep, Chukiat. "A Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony with Differential Evolution." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 5, no. 3 (June 2015): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmlc.2015.v5.504.

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ONUKI, Ryosuke, Satoshi KITAYAMA, Koetsu YAMAZAKI, and Masao ARAKAWA. "Proposal of Adaptive Range Differential Evolution." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C 79, no. 798 (2013): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.79.429.

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Veloso de Melo, Vinícius, Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas, and Marcio Kassouf Crocomo. "Phylogenetic Differential Evolution." International Journal of Natural Computing Research 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jncr.2011010102.

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This paper presents a new technique for optimizing binary problems with building blocks. The authors have developed a different approach to existing Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs). Our technique, called Phylogenetic Differential Evolution (PhyDE), combines the Phylogenetic Algorithm and the Differential Evolution Algorithm. The first one is employed to identify the building blocks and to generate metavariables. The second one is used to find the best instance of each metavariable. In contrast to existing EDAs that identify the related variables at each iteration, the presented technique finds the related variables only once at the beginning of the algorithm, and not through the generations. This paper shows that the proposed technique is more efficient than the well known EDA called Extended Compact Genetic Algorithm (ECGA), especially for large-scale systems which are commonly found in real world problems.
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Mininno, Ernesto, Ferrante Neri, Francesco Cupertino, and David Naso. "Compact Differential Evolution." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 15, no. 1 (February 2011): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2010.2058120.

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Kamiyama, Daichi, Kenichi Tamura, and Keiichiro Yasuda. "Down-hill Simplex Method Based Differential Evolution." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 130, no. 7 (2010): 1271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.130.1271.

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Liu, Yong-Jin, Chun-Xu Xu, Ran Yi, Dian Fan, and Ying He. "Manifold differential evolution (MDE)." ACM Transactions on Graphics 35, no. 6 (November 11, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2980179.2982424.

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Ardia, David, Kris Boudt, Peter Carl, Katharine,M Mullen, and Brian,G Peterson. "Differential Evolution with DEoptim." R Journal 3, no. 1 (2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/rj-2011-005.

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Rahnamayan, S., H. R. Tizhoosh, and M. M. A. Salama. "Opposition-Based Differential Evolution." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 12, no. 1 (February 2008): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2007.894200.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Differential Evolution"

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Yilmaz, Halis. "Evolution equations for differential invariants." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274288.

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Silva, Eduardo Krempser da. "Differential evolution for constrained optimization problems." Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, 2009. http://www.lncc.br/tdmc/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=188.

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Optimization is a large area of knowledge concerned with the need of a better use of resources and activities, becoming indispensable in the solution of several problems which arise from the study and formulation of real-world problems. Furthermore, the constraints that must be respected for each situation introduce in the methodologies of optimization an additional complication. Differential Evolution, which in its original formulation is applied only to unconstrained optimization problems in continuous space, also provides good results when applied to constrained optimization with discrete and continuous variables. This work presents the necessary improvements to Differential Evolution for its proper application to this class of problems, and proposes a new combination of techniques for this application, as well as a mechanism for dynamic selection of the appropriate variant of the technique. The initial proposal is a combination of Differential Evolution with a technique of adaptive penalty (APM) and the second proposal concerns the dynamic selection of variants during the search process. Several computational experiments are carried out confirming the competitiveness of the proposed algorithms.
A otimização é uma grande área de conhecimento voltada para a necessidade de um melhor aproveitamento de recursos e atividades, tornando-se indispensável na resolução de grande parte dos problemas oriundos de estudos e formulações de problemas reais. Além disso, as restrições que devem ser respeitadas para cada situação introduzem nas metodologias de otimização um complicador adicional. A Evolução Diferencial, que em sua formulação original é aplicada somente a problemas de otimização irrestrita e em espaços contínuos, apresenta também bons resultados quando aplicada à otimização restrita com variáveis contínuas e discretas. Este trabalho apresenta os aperfeiçoamentos necessários à Evolução Diferencial para sua adequada aplicação sobre essa classe de problemas, além de propor uma nova combinação de técnicas para essa aplicação, bem como um mecanismo de seleção dinâmica da variante adequada da técnica. A proposta inicial é a combinação da Evolução Diferencial com uma técnica adaptativa de penalização (APM) e a segunda proposta visa a seleção dinâmica de variantes durante o processo de busca. Vários experimentos computacionais são executados confirmando a competitividade dos algoritmos propostos.
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Farah, Abdulkadir. "Differential evolution algorithms for network optimization." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602400.

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Many real world optimization problems are difficult to solve, therefore, when solving such problems it is wise to employ efficient optimization algorithms which are capable of handling the problem complexities and of finding optimal or near optimal solutions within a reasonable time and without using excessive computational resources. The objective of this research is to develop Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms with improved performance capable of solving difficult and challenging global constrained and unconstrained optimization problems, as well as extending the application of the these algorithms to real-world optimization problems, particularly wireless broadband network placement and deployment problems. The adaptation of DE control parameters has also been investigated and a novel method using Mann-Iteration and Tournament scoring is proposed to improve the performance of the algorithm. A novel constraint handling technique called neighborhood constraints handling (NCR) method has been also proposed. A set of experiments are conducted to comprehensively test the performance of the proposed DE algorithms for global optimization. The numerical results for well-known optimization global optimization test problems are shown to prove the performance of the proposed methods. In addition, a novel wireless network test point (TP) reduction algorithm (TPR) has been presented. The TPR algorithm and the proposed DE algorithms have been applied for solving the optimal network placement problem. In order to utilize the value of flexibility a novel value optimization problem formulation integrating the state of the art approaches of cash flow (CF) analysis and real option analysis (ROA) for network deployment has been presented, utilizing the proposed DE algorithms to obtain the optimal roll-out sequence that maximizes the value of the wireless network deployment. A numerical experimentation, based on a case study scenario of an optimal network placement and deployment for wireless broadband access network, has been conducted to confirm the efficiency of these algorithms.
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Nguyen, Thieu-Huy. "Functional partial differential equations and evolution semigroups." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973911344.

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Cedeño-Maldonado, José R. "Differential evolution based optimal power flow algorithm /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402288260595.

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Leon, Miguel. "Enhancing Differential Evolution Algorithm for Solving Continuous Optimization Problems." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33466.

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Differential Evolution (DE) has become one of the most important metaheuristics during the recent years, obtaining attractive results in solving many engineering optimization problems. However, the performance of DE is not always strong when seeking optimal solutions. It has two major problems in real world applications. First, it can easily get stuck in a local optimum or fail to generate better solutions before the population has converged. Secondly, its performance is significantly influenced by the control parameters, which are problem dependent and which vary in different regions of space under exploration.  It usually entails a time consuming trial-and-error procedure to set suitable parameters for DE in a specific problem, particularly for those practioners with limited knowledge and experience of using this technique.   This thesis aims to develop new DE algorithms to address the two aforementioned problems. To mitigate the first problem, we studied the hybridization of DE with local search techniques to enhance the efficiency of search. The main idea is to apply a local search mechanism to the best individual in each generation of DE to exploit the most promising regions during the evolutionary processs so as to speed up the convergence or increase the chance to scape from local optima. Four local search strategies have been integrated  and tested in the global DE framework, leading to variants of the memetic DE algorithms with different properties concerning diversification and intensification. For tackling the second problem, we propose a greedy adaptation method for dynamic adjustment of the control parameters in DE. It is implemented by conducting greedy search repeatedly during the run of DE to reach better parameter assignments in the neighborhood of a current candidate. The candidates are assessed by considering both, the success rate and also fitness improvement of trial solutions against the target ones. The incorporation of this greedy parameter adaptation method into standard DE has led to a new adaptive DE algorithm, referred to as Greedy Adaptive Differential Evolution (GADE).   The methods proposed in this thesis have been tested in different benchmark problems and compared with the state of the art algorithms, obtaining competitive results. Furthermore, the proposed GADE algorithm has been applied in an industrial scenario achieving more accurate results than those obtained by a standard DE algorithm.
Differential Evolution (DE) har blivit en av de viktigaste metaheuristikerna under de senaste åren och har uppnått attraktiva resultat för att lösa många optimeringsproblem inom teknik. Dock är prestationen hos DE inte alltid framgångsrik när man söker optimala lösningar. Det finns två huvudsakliga problem för applikationer i den verkliga världen. Det första är att den lätt kan fastna i lokala optimum eller misslyckas att generera bättre lösningar före det att populationen (en grupp av lösningar) har hunnit konvergera. Det andra är att prestandan påverkas märkvärdigt av kontrollparametrar, vilkas optimala värden beror på problem som ska lösas och varierar mellan regioner i sökrymden. Detta innebär oftast ett tidskrävande trial-and-error förfarande för att hitta lämpliga parametrar till ett specifikt DE-problem, framför allt för utövare med begränsad kunskap och erfarenhet av DE.   Syftet med denna licentiatavhandling är att utveckla nya DE-algoritmer för att behandla de ovannämnda problemen. För att möta det första problemet så studerades hybridisering av DE och lokala söktekniker för att effektivisera sökningen. Tanken är att använda en lokal sökmekanism på den bästa individen i varje generation i DE-algoritmen och utnyttja de mest lovande regionerna under evolutionsprocessen för att snabba på konvergensen eller öka chansen att undvika lokala optimum. Fyra lokala sökstrategier har integrerats och testats i det globala DE-ramverket vilket har lett till fyra varianter av DE-algoritmerna med olika egenskaper beträffande diversifiering och intensifiering. Till det andra problemet föreslås en greedy adaptation method för dynamisk justering av kontrollparametrarna i DE. Den implementeras genom att utföra greedy search upprepade gånger under körningen av DE för att hitta bättre värden till kontrollparametrarna. Utvärderingen av parameterval baseras på både success rate och fitness improvement av trial lösningar jämfört med target lösningar. Sammanslagningen av DE och denna greedy parameter adaptation har lett till en ny adaptiv DE-algoritm som kallas Greedy Adaptive Differential Evolution (GADE).   Den föreslagna metoden i denna licentiatavhandling har testats i olika prestandamätningar och jämförts med state-of-the-art-algoritmer, med goda resultat. Dessutom har den föreslagna GADE-algoritmen använts i ett industriellt scenario och uppnådde då mer exakta resultat än den med en standard DE-algoritm.
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Enaganti, Srujan Kumar. "Solving correlation matrix completion problems using parallel differential evolution." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30302.

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Matrix Completion problems have been receiving increased attention due to their varied applicability in different domains. Correlation matrices arise often in studying multiple streams of time series data like technical analysis of stock market data. Often some of the values in the matrix are unknown and some reasonable replacements have to be found at the earliest opportunity to avert an unwanted consequence or keep up the pace in the business. After looking to background research related to solving this problem, we propose a new parallel technique that can solve general correlation matrix completion problems over a set of computers connected to a high speed network. We present some of our results where we could reduce the execution time.
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Christoph, Raab. "Reconstruction of PINGU data with a Differential Evolution Minimizer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-214617.

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The Precision IceCube Next Generation Upgrade (PINGU) is supposed to have an energy threshold below 10 in order to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy. In order to reconstruct the energy and direction of neutrinos interacting in this array, producing both a hadronic cascade and a muon track, advanced reconstruction methods need to be employed. A class of these seeks to maximize a complicated likelihood function within an 8-dimensional parameter space describing the event, and requires sophisticated minimizers to achieve the necessary resolution in a reasonable time. In this report, a pre-existing but hitherto unused minimizer which samples that parameter space with several Markov chains at once, based on the Differential Evolution Monte Carlo algorithm, is developed further and its behaviour and performance is tested on simulated data of the IceCube/PINGU array. The tests compare both various configurations of the minimizer and Markov Chain Monte Carlo, a similar previous approach.
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Dawar, Deepak. "Adaptive Differential Evolution and its Application to Machine Vision." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25732.

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Over recent years, Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) have emerged as a practical approach for solving hard optimization problems ubiquitously presented in real life. The inherent advantage of EA over other types of numerical optimization methods lies in the fact that they require much less or no prior knowledge of the objective function. Differential Evolution (DE) has emerged as a highly competitive and powerful real parameter optimizer in the diverse community of evolutionary algorithms. The study of this dissertation is focused on two main approaches. The first approach focuses on studying and improving DE by creating its variants that aim at altering/adapting its control parameters and mutation strategies during the course of the search. The performance of DE depends largely upon the mutation strategy used, its control parameters namely the scale factor F, the crossover rate Cr, and the population size NP, and is quite sensitive to their appropriate settings. A simple and effective technique that alters F in stages, first through random perturbations and then through the application of an annealing schedule, is proposed. After that, the impact and efficacy of adapting mutation strategies with or without adapting the control parameters is investigated. The second approach is concerned with the application side of DE which is used as an optimizer either as the primary algorithm or as a surrogate to improve the performance of the overall system. The focus area is video based vehicle classification. A DE based vehicle classification system is proposed. The system in its essence, aims to classify a vehicle, based on the number of circles (axles) in an image using Hough Transform which is a popular parameter based feature detection method. Differential Evolution (DE) is coupled with Hough Transform to improve the overall accuracy of the classification system. DE is further employed as an optimizer in an extension of the previous vehicle detector and classifier. This system has a novel appearance based model utilizing pixel color information and is capable of classifying multi-lane moving vehicles into seven different classes. Five different variants of DE on varied videos are tested, and a performance profile of all the variants is provided.
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Mulumba, Tshina Fa. "Application of differential evolution to power system stabilizer design." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12026.

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In recent years, many Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have been proposed to optimally tune the parameters of the PSS. GAs are population based search methods inspired by the mechanism of evolution and natural genetic. Despite the fact that GAs are robust and have given promising results in many applications, they still have some drawbacks. Some of these drawbacks are related to the problem of genetic drift in GA which restricts the diversity in the population. ... To cope with the above mentioned drawbacks, many variants of GAs have been proposed often tailored to a particular problem. Recently, several simpler and yet effective heuristic algorithms such as Population Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) and Differential Evolution (DE), etc., have received increasing attention.
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Books on the topic "Differential Evolution"

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Qing, Anyong. Differential evolution. Singapore: J. Wiley & Sons Asia, 2009.

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Zhang, Jingqiao, and Arthur C. Sanderson. Adaptive Differential Evolution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01527-4.

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Qing, Anyong. Differential Evolution in Electromagnetics. New York: Springer, 2010.

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K, Chakraborty Uday, ed. Advances in differential evolution. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2008.

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Qing, Anyong, and Ching Kwang Lee, eds. Differential Evolution in Electromagnetics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12869-1.

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Chakraborty, Uday K., ed. Advances in Differential Evolution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68830-3.

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1941-, Brunner H., Zhao Xiao-Qiang, and Zou Xingfu 1958-, eds. Nonlinear dynamics and evolution equations. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2006.

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Betzig, Laura L. Despotism, social evolution, and differential reproduction. New Brunswick, N.J: AldineTransaction, 2008.

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Feoktistov, Vitaliy. Differential evolution: In search of solutions. New York: Springer, 2010.

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Kumar, B. Vinoth, Diego Oliva, and P. N. Suganthan, eds. Differential Evolution: From Theory to Practice. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8082-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Differential Evolution"

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Du, Ke-Lin, and M. N. S. Swamy. "Differential Evolution." In Search and Optimization by Metaheuristics, 93–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41192-7_6.

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Brabazon, Anthony, Michael O’Neill, and Seán McGarraghy. "Differential Evolution." In Natural Computing Algorithms, 83–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43631-8_6.

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Lampinen, Jouni, and Rainer Storn. "Differential Evolution." In New Optimization Techniques in Engineering, 123–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39930-8_6.

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Price, Kenneth V. "Differential Evolution." In Handbook of Optimization, 187–214. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30504-7_8.

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Zhang, Zhong-Yuan. "Differential Evolution." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 571–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_419.

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Mishra, Krishn Kumar. "Differential Evolution." In Nature-Inspired Algorithms, 91–103. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003313649-4.

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Badar, Altaf Q. H. "Differential Evolution." In Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms, 71–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003206477-4.

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Zhabitskaya, Evgeniya, and Mikhail Zhabitsky. "Asynchronous Differential Evolution." In Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science, 328–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28212-6_41.

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Dalecky, Yu L., and S. V. Fomin. "Evolution differential equations." In Measures and Differential Equations in Infinite-Dimensional Space, 149–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2600-7_6.

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Castillo, Oscar, Patricia Ochoa, and Jose Soria. "Differential Evolution Algorithm." In Differential Evolution Algorithm with Type-2 Fuzzy Logic for Dynamic Parameter Adaptation with Application to Intelligent Control, 9–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62133-9_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Differential Evolution"

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Suganthan, Ponnuthurai N. "Differential evolution." In Proceeding of the fifteenth annual conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2464576.2480811.

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Vodopija, Aljoša, Tea Tušar, and Bogdan Filipič. "Comparing black-box differential evolution and classic differential evolution." In GECCO '18: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3208309.

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Gupta, Piyush, A. Vasan, and K. Srinivasa Raju. "Multiobjective Differential Evolution and Differential Evolution for Irrigation Planning." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)507.

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Santucci, Valentino. "Is Algebraic Differential Evolution Really a Differential Evolution Scheme?" In 2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504692.

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Moraglio, Alberto, and Julian Togelius. "Geometric differential evolution." In the 11th Annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1569901.1570130.

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Milani, Alfredo, and Valentino Santucci. "Asynchronous Differential Evolution." In 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586107.

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Das, Swagatam, Amit Konar, and Uday K. Chakraborty. "Annealed Differential Evolution." In 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2007.4424709.

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Noghabi, Hossein Sharifi, Habib Rajabi Mashhadi, and G. Kambiz Shojaee. "Generalized differential evolution." In 2017 7th International Conference on Computer and Knowledge Engineering (ICCKE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccke.2017.8167916.

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Chang, Yen-Ching. "Parameter Selection of Differential Evolution by another Differential Evolution Algorithm." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914669.

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Engelbrecht, AP. "Fruitless search in differential evolution." In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Differential Evolution (SDE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sde.2013.6601436.

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Reports on the topic "Differential Evolution"

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Munoz Constantine, David. Forecasting Optimal Parameters of the Broken Wing Butterfly Option Strategy using Differential Evolution. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7515.

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Gottlieb, Sigal. High Order Strong Stability Preserving Time Discretizations for the Time Evolution of Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564549.

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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Sparks, Paul, Jesse Sherburn, William Heard, and Brett Williams. Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41963.

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Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it runs inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.
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5

Goldin, Claudia, and Lawrence Katz. The Race between Education and Technology: The Evolution of U.S. Educational Wage Differentials, 1890 to 2005. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12984.

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6

Izhar, Shamay, Maureen Hanson, and Nurit Firon. Expression of the Mitochondrial Locus Associated with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Petunia. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7604933.bard.

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The main goal of the proposed research was to continue the mutual investigations into the molecular basis of CMS and male fertility restoration [MRF], with the ultimate goal of understanding these phenomena in higher plants. The experiments focused on: (1) dissecting apart the complex CMS - specific mitochondrial S-Pcf locus, in order to distinguish its essential parts which cause sterility from other parts and study its molecular evolution. (2) Studying the expression of the various regions of the S-Pcf locus in fertile and sterile lines and comparing the structure and ultrastructure of sterile and fertile tissues. (3) Determine whether alteration in respiration is genetically associated with CMS. Our mutual investigations further substantiated the association between the S-Pcf locus and CMS by the findings that the fertile phenotype of a population of unstable petunia somatic hybrids which contain the S-Pcf locus, is due to the presence of multiple muclear fertility restoration genes in this group of progenies. The information obtained by our studies indicate that homologous recombination played a major role in the molecular evolution of the S-Pcf locus and the CMS trait and in the generation of mitochondrial mutations in general. Our data suggest that the CMS cytoplasm evolved by introduction of a urs-s containing sublimon into the main mitochondrial genome via homologous recombination. We have also found that the first mutation detected so far in S-Pcf is a consequence of a homologous recombination mechanism involving part of the cox2 coding sequence. In all the cases studied by us, at the molecular level, we found that fusion of two different cells caused mitochondrial DNA recombination followed by sorting out of a specific mtDNA population or sequences. This sequence of events suggested as a mechanism for the generation of novel mitochondrial genomes and the creation of new traits. The present research also provides data concerning the expression of the recombined and complex CMS-specific S-Pcf locus as compared with the expression of additional mitochondrial proteins as well as comparative histological and ultrastructural studies of CMS and fertile Petunia. Evidence is provided for differential localization of mitochondrially encoded proteins in situ at the tissue level. The similar localization patterns of Pcf and atpA may indicate that Pcf product could interfere with the functioning of the mitochondrial ATPase in a tissue undergoing meiosis and microsporogenesis. Studies of respiration in CMS and fertile Petunia lines indicate that they differe in the partitioning of electron transport through the cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase pathways. The data indicate that the electron flux through the two oxidase pathways differs between mitochondria from fertile and sterile Petunia lines at certain redox states of the ubiquinone pool. In summary, extensive data concerning the CMS-specific S-Pcf locus of Petunia at the DNA and protein levels as well as information concerning different biochemical activity in CMS as compared to male fertile lines have been accumulated during the three years of this project. In addition, the involvement of the homologous recombination mechanism in the evolution of mt encoded traits is emphasized.
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Ma, Yunxing, Julia Brettschneider, and Joanna Collingwood. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and tau levels in patients progressing from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0020.

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Review question / Objective: Reported levels of amyloid-beta and tau in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are evaluated to discover if these biochemical markers can predict the transition from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A systematic review and quantitative meta-analyses are performed to test relationships between three potential biomarkers in CSF (Aβ(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau181) and the evolution of AD in longitudinal evaluations of levels relative to baseline, using prior-published experimental data. The primary focus of the analysis is on the period describing the transition of a patient from MCI to AD, where it is critical to discover the main biomarker characteristics that differentiate patient outcomes for those who have a stable form of MCI, and those who progress to a confirmed diagnosis of AD. A secondary purpose of the review was to examine the status of iron in CSF as a function of disease status.
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Perk, Simon, Egbert Mundt, Alexander Panshin, Irit Davidson, Irina Shkoda, Ameera AlTori, and Maricarmen Garcia. Characterization and Control Strategies of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H9N2. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697117.bard.

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The avian influenza virus, subtype H9N2 subtype, defined as having a low pathogenicity, causes extensive economical losses in commercial flocks, probably due to management and synergism with other pathogens. AIV H9N2 was first identified in Israel in the year 2000, and since then it became endemic and widespread in Israel. Control by vaccination of commercial flocks with an inactivated vaccine has been introduced since 2007. In face of the continuous H9N2 outbreaks, and the application of the vaccination policy, we aimed in the present study to provide a method of differentiating naturally infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). The aim of the assay would be detect only antibodies created by a de-novo infection, since the inactivated vaccine virus is not reproducing, and might provide a simple tool for mass detection of novel infections of commercial flocks. To fulfill the overall aim, the project was designed to include four operational objectives: 1. Evaluation of the genetic evolution of AIV in Israel; 2. Assessment of the diagnostic value of an NS1 ELISA; 3. NS1 ELISA as evaluation criteria for measuring the efficacy of vaccination against H9N2 AIV; 4. Development of an AIV H9 subtype specific ELISA systems. Major conclusion and implications drawn from the project were: 1. A continuous genetic change occurred in the collection of H9N2 isolates, and new introductions were identified. It was shown thatthe differences between the HA proteins of viruses used for vaccine productionand local fieldisolatesincreasedin parallelwith the durationand intensity ofvaccine use, therefore, developing a differential assay for the vaccine and the wild type viruses was the project main aim. 2. To assess the diagnostic value of an NS1 ELISA we first performed experimental infection trials using representative viruses of all introductions, and used the sera and recombinant NS1 antigens of the same viruses in homologous and heterologous NS1 ELISA combination. The NS1 ELISA was evidently reactive in all combinations, and did not discriminate significantly between different groups. 3. However, several major drawbacks of the NS1 ELISA were recognized: a) The evaluation of the vaccination effect in challenged birds, showed that the level of the NS1 antibodies dropped due to the vaccination-dependent virus level drop; b) the applicability of the NS1-ELISA was verified on sera of commercial flocks and found to be unusable due to physico-chemical composition of the sera and the recombinant antigen, c) commercial sera showed non-reactivity that might be caused by many factors, including vaccination, uncertainty regarding the infection time, and possibly low antigen avidity, d) NS1 elevated antibody levels for less than 2 months in SPF chicks. Due to the above mentioned reasons we do not recommend the application of the DIVA NS1 ELISA assay for monitoring and differentiation AIV H9N2 naturally-infected from vaccinated commercial birds.
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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka, and Chris Sander. Molecular characterisation of PBAN-receptors: a basis for the development and screening of antagonists against Pheromone biosynthesis in moth pest species. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695862.bard.

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The original objectives of the approved proposal included: (a) The determination of species- and tissue-specificity of the PBAN-R; (b) the elucidation of the role of juvenile hormone in gene regulation of the PBAN-R; (c) the identificationof the ligand binding domains in the PBAN-R and (d) the development of efficient screening assays in order to screen potential antagonists that will block the PBAN-R. Background to the topic: Moths constitute one of the major groups of pest insects in agriculture and their reproductive behavior is dependent on chemical communication. Sex-pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates. In most of the moth species sex-pheromone biosynthesis is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). In order to devise ideal strategies for mating disruption/prevention, we proposed to study the interactions between PBAN and its membrane-bound receptor in order to devise potential antagonists. Major conclusions: Within the framework of the planned objectives we have confirmed the similarities between the two Helicoverpa species: armigera and zea. Receptor sequences of the two Helicoverpa spp. are 98% identical with most changes taking place in the C-terminal. Our findings indicate that PBAN or PBAN-like receptors are also present in the neural tissues and may represent a neurotransmitter-like function for PBAN-like peptides. Surprisingly the gene encoding the PBAN-receptor was also present in the male homologous tissue, but it is absent at the protein level. The presence of the receptor (at the gene- and protein-levels), and the subsequent pheromonotropic activity are age-dependent and up-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in pharate females but down-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in adult females. Lower levels of pheromonotropic activity were observed when challenged with pyrokinin-like peptides than with HezPBAN as ligand. A model of the 3D structure of the receptor was created using the X-ray structure of rhodopsin as a template after sequence alignment of the HezPBAN-R with several other GPCRs and computer simulated docking with the model predicted putative binding sites. Using in silico mutagenesis the predicted docking model was validated with experimental data obtained from expressed chimera receptors in Sf9 cells created by exchanging between the three extracellular loops of the HezPBAN-R and the Drosophila Pyrokinin-R (CG9918). The chimera receptors also indicated that the 3ʳᵈ extracellular loop is important for recognition of PBAN or Diapause hormone ligands. Implications: The project has successfully completed all the objectives and we are now in a position to be able to design and screen potential antagonists for pheromone production. The successful docking simulation-experiments encourage the use of in silico experiments for initial (high-throughput) screening of potential antagonists. However, the differential responses between the expressed receptor (Sf9 cells) and the endogenous receptor (pheromone glands) emphasize the importance of assaying lead compounds using several alternative bioassays (at the cellular, tissue and organism levels). The surprising discovery of the presence of the gene encoding the PBAN-R in the male homologous tissue, but its absence at the protein level, launches opportunities for studying molecular regulation pathways and the evolution of these GPCRs. Overall this research will advance research towards the goal of finding antagonists for this important class of receptors that might encompass a variety of essential insect functions.
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Hulata, Gideon, Thomas D. Kocher, Micha Ron, and Eyal Seroussi. Molecular Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Cultured Tilapias. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697106.bard.

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Tilapias are among the most important aquaculture commodities worldwide. Commercial production of tilapia is based on monosex culture of males. Current methods for producing all-male fingerlings, including hormone treatments and genetic manipulations, are not entirely reliable, in part because of the genetic complexity of sex determination and sexual differentiation in tilapias. The goals of this project are to map QTL and identify genes regulating sex determination in commonly cultured tilapia species, in order to provide a rational basis for designing reliable genetic approaches for producing all-male fingerlings. The original objectives for this research were: 1) to identify the gene underlying the QTL on LG1 through positional cloning and gene expression analysis; 2) to fine map the QTL on LG 3 and 23; and 3) to characterize the patterns of dominance and epistasis among QTL alleles influencing sex determination. The brain aromatase gene Cyp19b, a possible candidate for the genetic or environmental SD, was mapped to LG7 using our F2 mapping population. This region has not been identified before as affecting SD in tilapias. The QTL affecting SD on LG 1 and 23 have been fine-mapped down to 1 and 4 cM, respectively, but the key regulators for SD have not been found yet. Nevertheless, a very strong association with gender was found on LG23 for marker UNH898. Allele 276 was found almost exclusively in males, and we hypothesized that this allele is a male-associated allele (MAA). Mating of males homozygous for MAA with normal females is underway for production of all-male populations. The first progeny reaching size allowing accurate sexing had 43 males and no females. During the course of the project it became apparent that in order to achieve those objectives there is a need to develop genomic infrastructures that were lacking. Efforts have been devoted to the development of genomic resources: a database consisting of nearly 117k ESTs representing 16 tissues from tilapia were obtained; a web tool based on the RepeatMasker software was designed to assist tilapia genomics; collaboration has been established with a sequencing company to sequence the tilapia genome; steps have been taken toward constructing a microarray to enable comparative analysis of the entire transcriptome that is required in order to detect genes that are differentially expressed between genders in early developmental stages. Genomic resources developed will be invaluable for studies of cichlid physiology, evolution and development, and will hopefully lead to identification of the key regulators of SD. Thus, they will have both scientific and agricultural implications in the coming years.
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